ES2658337T3 - Pretratamiento de superficies de zinc antes de una fosfatación con zinc - Google Patents

Pretratamiento de superficies de zinc antes de una fosfatación con zinc Download PDF

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ES2658337T3
ES2658337T3 ES16175371.0T ES16175371T ES2658337T3 ES 2658337 T3 ES2658337 T3 ES 2658337T3 ES 16175371 T ES16175371 T ES 16175371T ES 2658337 T3 ES2658337 T3 ES 2658337T3
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zinc
water soluble
pretreatment
galvanized steel
respect
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Andreas Arnold
Michael Wolpers
Marcel Roth
Uta Sundermeier
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
    • C23C22/182—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations containing also zinc cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/82—After-treatment
    • C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Procedimiento para el pretratamiento de superficies de acero galvanizadas con zinc, caracterizado por que las superficies de acero galvanizadas con zinc ii) se ponen en contacto con una composición alcalina con un valor de pH de al menos 8,5 que contiene a) al menos 0,01 g/l de iones de hierro, b) uno o varios ácidos carboxílicos orgánicos solubles en agua, que presentan al menos un grupo amino en posición α, β o γ con respecto al grupo ácido, así como sus sales solubles en agua, c) uno o varios oxoácidos de fósforo o nitrógeno así como sus sales solubles en agua, estando presente al menos un átomo de fósforo o un átomo de nitrógeno en un estado de oxidación medio y iii) a continuación se ponen en contacto, para el tratamiento de conversión de química húmeda de pasivación, con una composición acuosa ácida que presenta un valor de pH en el intervalo de 2,5-3,6 y que contiene a) de 0,2 a 3,0 g/l de iones de zinc (II), b) de 5,0 a 30 g/l de iones de fosfato calculado como P2O5 y c) en cada caso menos de 0,1 g/l de compuestos iónicos de los metales níquel y cobalto, en cada caso con respecto al elemento metálico.

Description

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modo de aplicación, debido a la ferrización auto-limitante por medio de las composiciones alcalinas no se logran películas de capa de hierro ostensiblemente por encima de 300 mg/m2 respecto del elemento hierro.
Para una formación suficiente de capas y una protección óptima de los cantos durante el tratamiento de las superficies de acero galvanizadas con zinc, inmediatamente después de la ferrización en la etapa ii), con o sin etapa de enjuague posterior, deberían estar presentes realizadas películas de capa de hierro de preferentemente al menos 20 mg/m2, de modo particularmente preferido al menos 50 mg/m2, de modo especialmente preferido más de 100 mg/m2 pero preferentemente no más de 250 mg/m2, en cada caso con respecto al elemento hierro.
La película de capa de hierro sobre las superficies de zinc puede determinarse después de disolución del recubrimiento por medio de un procedimiento espectroscópico, que se describe en la sección de ejemplos de la presente invención.
La ferrización en la etapa ii) del procedimiento de acuerdo con la invención se realiza preferentemente sin corriente externa, es decir sin aplicar una fuente de tensión externa en el componente metálico.
En la etapa iii) del procedimiento de acuerdo con la invención, después de la etapa ii), se efectúa con o sin una etapa de enjuague intermedia como tratamiento de conversión de química húmeda de pasivación una fosfatación con zinc, en cuyo caso en la fosfatación con zinc es posible prescindir en gran medida de la presencia de los metales pesados Ni y/o Cu debido a la ferrización previa de las superficies de zinc del componente metálico en la etapa ii). Para una posterior fosfatación con zinc, la ferrización de las superficies de zinc produce entonces la ventaja inesperada de que para superficies de zinc fosfatadas de esta manera resulta una protección anticorrosiva y una adherencia de pintura que es comparable con la fosfatación con zinc de superficies de hierro o de acero.
Los componentes metálicos pretratados que presentan superficies de zinc y que provienen directamente de un procedimiento según la invención, luego son dotados preferentemente con una capa de cubrimiento orgánica, con o sin etapa intermedia de enjuague y/o secado. La primera capa de cubrimiento en el pretratamiento de elementos estructurales ya cortados, conformados y unidos es habitualmente una pintura de aplicación electroforética por inmersión, de modo particularmente preferido una pintura de inmersión catódica. Por lo contrario, después del procedimiento según la invención se aplican recubrimientos orgánicos de imprimación preferentemente como primera capa de cubrimiento orgánica en el caso del recubrimiento anticorrosivo o decorativo de fleje de acero galvanizado con zinc.
Los componentes metálicos tratados en un procedimiento de acuerdo con la invención, los cuales presentan superficies de zinc, se utilizan en la construcción de carrocerías durante la fabricación de automóviles, en construcción de barcos, en el ramo de la construcción así como para la fabricación de electrodomésticos.
Ejemplos de realización:
La influencia de diferentes α-aminoácidos en cuanto a la homogeneidad de la ferrización después de poner en contacto las composiciones alcalinas con acero electrolíticamente galvanizado con zinc mediante inmersión se refleja en la tabla 1.
Primero, con todas las composiciones (C1-C4) se obtienen revestimientos delgados de hierro oxídico y/o metálico sobre las superficies de zinc ("ferrización"), formándose sin embargo recubrimientos particularmente homogéneos especialmente de las composiciones (C1; C5) que contienen glicina.
Tabla 1 Composiciones alcalinas para la ferrización
Componente:
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
a)
Gluconato de hierro (II) 12,50 12,50 12,50 12,50 1,25
Lactato de hierro (II)
18,75 18,75 18,75 18,75 1,87
b)
Glicina 45,00 - - - 4,50
L-Glutamina
- 87,61 - - -
Ácido L-glutámico
- - 88,20 - -
L-Lisina
- - - 87,63 -
c)
NaH2PO2 45,00 45,00 45,00 45,00 4,50
NaOH al 50 % en peso
25,00 32,60 76,70 25,00 2,50
Agua
853,75 803,54 758,85 811,12 985,38
pH
9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0
Parámetros de procedimiento:
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Aplicación por inmersión1
10 s a 50 °C 10 s a 50 °C 10 s a 50 °C 10 s a 50 °C 60 s a 50 °C
7
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Claims (1)

  1. imagen1
    imagen2
ES16175371.0T 2012-02-24 2013-02-22 Pretratamiento de superficies de zinc antes de una fosfatación con zinc Active ES2658337T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12156863 2012-02-24
EP12156863.8A EP2631333A1 (de) 2012-02-24 2012-02-24 Vorbehandlung von Zinkoberflächen vor einer Passivierung

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US (1) US10227686B2 (es)
EP (3) EP2631333A1 (es)
JP (1) JP6526968B2 (es)
KR (1) KR102095832B1 (es)
CN (1) CN104185693B (es)
AU (1) AU2013224115B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2864467C (es)
ES (2) ES2624195T3 (es)
HU (2) HUE038740T2 (es)
PL (2) PL2817434T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2013124400A1 (es)

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WO2016120670A1 (fr) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Arcelormittal Procédé de préparation d'une tôle revêtue comprenant l'application d'une solution aqueuse comprenant un aminoacide et utilisation associée pour améliorer la compatibilité avec un adhésif
WO2016120669A1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Arcelormittal Procédé de préparation d'une tôle revêtue comprenant l'application d'une solution aqueuse comprenant un aminoacide et utilisation associée pour améliorer la résistance à la corrosion
US10882771B2 (en) * 2015-02-06 2021-01-05 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Use of phosphino polymer and polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acid as corrosion inhibitor
WO2017109541A1 (en) 2015-12-21 2017-06-29 Arcelormittal Method for producing a high strength coated steel sheet having improved ductility and formability, and obtained coated steel sheet
US10683576B2 (en) * 2017-03-27 2020-06-16 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Corrosion inhibitors for passivation of galvanized coatings and carbon steel
US10655217B2 (en) * 2018-05-01 2020-05-19 Spts Technologies Limited Method of forming a passivation layer on a substrate
EP3569734A1 (en) 2018-05-18 2019-11-20 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Passivation composition based on trivalent chromium
FI3663435T3 (fi) 2018-12-05 2024-05-24 Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa Fosfori- ja fosfonihappojen seoksiin perustuva passivointikoostumus
WO2021139955A1 (en) 2020-01-06 2021-07-15 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Passivation composition suitable for inner surfaces of zinc coated steel tanks storing hydrocarbons
WO2022148536A1 (en) 2021-01-06 2022-07-14 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Improved cr(iii)-based passivation for zinc-aluminum coated steel
GB2603194A (en) 2021-02-01 2022-08-03 Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa Improved cr(iii) based dry-in-place coating composition for zinc coated steel
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EP3093370B1 (de) 2018-01-17
US10227686B2 (en) 2019-03-12
EP3093370A1 (de) 2016-11-16
AU2013224115B2 (en) 2017-02-02
AU2013224115A1 (en) 2014-09-11
WO2013124400A1 (de) 2013-08-29
CN104185693A (zh) 2014-12-03
HUE038740T2 (hu) 2018-11-28
EP2817434B1 (de) 2017-02-01
CA2864467C (en) 2020-05-05
EP2631333A1 (de) 2013-08-28
KR20140129238A (ko) 2014-11-06
HUE033958T2 (en) 2018-01-29
CN104185693B (zh) 2016-06-29
US20140360630A1 (en) 2014-12-11
CA2864467A1 (en) 2013-08-29
PL2817434T3 (pl) 2017-07-31
PL3093370T3 (pl) 2018-07-31
ES2624195T3 (es) 2017-07-13
KR102095832B1 (ko) 2020-04-01
JP2015510550A (ja) 2015-04-09
EP2817434A1 (de) 2014-12-31

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