ES2576844T3 - Ligandos sigma para uso para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de dolor postoperatorio - Google Patents
Ligandos sigma para uso para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de dolor postoperatorio Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2576844T3 ES2576844T3 ES11702057.8T ES11702057T ES2576844T3 ES 2576844 T3 ES2576844 T3 ES 2576844T3 ES 11702057 T ES11702057 T ES 11702057T ES 2576844 T3 ES2576844 T3 ES 2576844T3
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- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- unsubstituted
- aromatic
- hcl
- ethyl
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- ZKASYSQCMIPZRO-KGENOOAVSA-N (4e)-1-phenyl-4-[2-(3-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethylidene]-6,7-dihydro-5h-indazole Chemical compound C1CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CN1C\C=C1/CCCC2=C1C=NN2C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKASYSQCMIPZRO-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SUIZRDJCBVPASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 SUIZRDJCBVPASY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004214 1-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- UUPVSZHHIAHCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(1-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-cyclopenta[c]pyrazol-4-yl)ethyl]-1,3-dihydroisoindole Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2CN1CCC1CCC2=C1C=NN2C1=CC=CC=C1 UUPVSZHHIAHCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GZKLJWGUPQBVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sertindole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1N1C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C(C2CCN(CCN3C(NCC3)=O)CC2)=C1 GZKLJWGUPQBVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000652 sertindole Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N sertraline Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C32)NC)=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003982 sigma receptor ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001945 sparteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-AJNGGQMLSA-N sparteine Chemical compound C1N2CCCC[C@H]2[C@@H]2CN3CCCC[C@H]3[C@H]1C2 SLRCCWJSBJZJBV-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJUKDAZEABGEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiramide Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1OCCCN1CCC2(C(NCN2C=2C=CC=CC=2)=O)CC1 FJUKDAZEABGEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUNICNFETYAKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O KUNICNFETYAKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004354 tegaserod maleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002722 terbinafine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N terbinafine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CN(C\C=C\C#CC(C)(C)C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000580 terconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CWPNPYVNPOAMHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrindole mesylate Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.C1CCCCC1C1=CC=C(N2C3=C4CCCC3NCC2)C4=C1 CWPNPYVNPOAMHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001662 thiethylperazine malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003397 thioproperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZYCZNZBPPHOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioproperazine Chemical compound C12=CC(S(=O)(=O)N(C)C)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCCN1CCN(C)CC1 VZYCZNZBPPHOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002784 thioridazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBWDWFZTSDZAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-M thonzonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].N=1C=CC=NC=1N(CC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 WBWDWFZTSDZAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004214 tioconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037816 tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005767 tonzonium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004167 toremifene citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001262 tramazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJXYMVBFBYAWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(prop-1-enyl)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)\C=C\C FJXYMVBFBYAWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002324 trifluoperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960005410 trifluperidol hcl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001032 trihexyphenidyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YDGHCKHAXOUQOS-BTJKTKAUSA-N trimipramine maleate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.C1CC2=CC=CC=C2[NH+](CC(C[NH+](C)C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 YDGHCKHAXOUQOS-BTJKTKAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002835 trimipramine maleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003223 tripelennamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDDNYFLPWFSBLN-ZSHCYNCHSA-N tropanyl 3,5-dimethylbenzoate Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 HDDNYFLPWFSBLN-ZSHCYNCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NAUWTFJOPJWYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanoxerine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)OCCN1CCN(CCCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 NAUWTFJOPJWYOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001457 vasomotor Effects 0.000 description 1
- YSSBJODGIYRAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vesamicol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1N1CCC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1 YSSBJODGIYRAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000744 vinpocetine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009278 visceral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Ligando sigma para su uso en la prevención y/o el tratamiento del dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía, teniendo el ligando sigma la fórmula general (I):**Fórmula** en la que R1 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo no aromático sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH>=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N>=CR8R9, y halógeno; R2 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH>=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N>=CR8R9 y halógeno; R3 y R4 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH>=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N>=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman un sistema de anillos condensados opcionalmente sustituido; R5 y R6 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH>=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N>=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman, con el átomo de nitrógeno al que están unidos, un grupo heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido; n se selecciona de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8; t es 1, 2 ó 3; R8 y R9 se seleccionan cada uno independientemente de hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, alcoxilo sustituido o no sustituido, ariloxilo sustituido o no sustituido y halógeno; o una sal, estereoisómero o solvato farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo.
Description
Finalmente, es importante enfatizar que hay una necesidad de proporcionar una nueva forma de prevención y/o tratamiento del dolor crónico y agudo postquirúrgico, la alodinia, la hiperalgesia y las sensaciones anómalas secundarias a la lesión tisular (visceral y somática superficial y profunda) y de los nervios (neuropatía periférica) que se desarrollan durante y/o tras la cirugía.
Los inventores de la presente invención han encontrado y demostrado sorprendentemente que la administración de ligandos de receptores sigma es sumamente eficaz para prevenir o tratar el dolor asociado a una cirugía. Este beneficio de la invención es más evidente cuando el ligando sigma es específicamente un antagonista de receptores sigma, preferiblemente en forma de un antagonista (neutro), un agonista inverso o un antagonista
10 parcial.
Por tanto, un aspecto de la presente invención se refiere a un ligando sigma para su uso en la prevención y/o el tratamiento del dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía, teniendo dicho ligando sigma la fórmula general (I):
R5
︵︶n
N
R3
en la que
R1 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo no aromático sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático sustituido o no
20 sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno;
R2 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no
25 sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno;
R3 y R4 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no
30 sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman un sistema de anillos condensados opcionalmente sustituido;
R5 y R6 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no
35 sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman, con el átomo de nitrógeno al que están unidos, un grupo heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido;
n se selecciona de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8;
t es 1, 2 ó 3;
R8 y R9 se seleccionan cada uno independientemente de hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, alcoxilo sustituido o no sustituido, ariloxilo sustituido o no sustituido y halógeno;
o una sal, estereoisómero o solvato farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo.
En una realización no reivindicada, el ligando sigma tiene la fórmula general (II):
R6 N
n
N
R3
R2
Rimagen15 1
(II)
10 en la que
R1, R2 y R3 se seleccionan independientemente de hidrógeno, halógeno, hidroxilo, alcoxilo, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, ciano, NRaRb, NHCONRc, NHSO2Rd, COOH, COORe, en el que Ra es hidrógeno o alquilo y Rb, Rc, Rd y Re son independientemente un alquilo; R4 se selecciona de hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido y
15 heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido; R5 y R6 son independientemente un alquilo sustituido o no sustituido o forman, junto con el átomo de nitrógeno al que están unidos, un grupo heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido; X se selecciona de –S-, -SO-, -SO2-y O; y n es un número entero seleccionado de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8,
20 o una sal, isómero, profármaco o solvato farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo.
En otra realización no reivindicada, el ligando sigma tiene la fórmula general (III):
R2
R4 N
(III)
25 en la que
R1 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido y heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido;
Las referencias en el presente documento a grupos sustituidos en los compuestos de la presente invención se refieren al resto especificado que puede sustituirse en una o más posiciones disponibles por uno o más grupos adecuados, por ejemplo, halógeno tal como flúor, cloro, bromo y yodo; ciano; hidroxilo; nitro; azido; alcanoílo tal como un grupo alcanoílo C1-6 tal como acilo y similares; carboxamido; grupos alquilo incluyendo aquellos grupos que
5 tienen de 1 a aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono y más preferiblemente 1-3 átomos de carbono; grupos alquenilo y alquinilo incluyendo grupos que tienen uno o más enlaces insaturados y desde 2 hasta aproximadamente 12 carbonos o desde 2 hasta aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono; grupos alcoxilo que tienen uno o más enlaces de oxígeno y desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o de 1 a aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono; ariloxilo tal como fenoxilo; grupos alquiltio incluyendo
10 aquellos restos que tienen uno o más enlaces tioéter y desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono; grupos alquilsulfinilo incluyendo aquellos restos que tienen uno o más enlaces sulfinilo y desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono; grupos arilsulfonilo incluyendo aquellos restos que tienen uno o más enlaces sulfonilo y desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 6
15 átomos de carbono; grupos aminoalquilo tales como grupos que tienen uno o más átomos de N y desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 12 átomos de carbono o desde 1 hasta aproximadamente 6 átomos de carbono; arilo carbocíclico que tiene 6 o más carbonos, particularmente fenilo o naftilo y aralquilo tal como bencilo. A menos que se indique lo contrario, un grupo opcionalmente sustituido puede tener un sustituyente en cada posición sustituible del grupo, y cada sustitución es independiente de las otras.
20 El término “sal” debe entenderse como cualquier forma de un compuesto activo usada según esta invención en la que dicho compuesto está en forma iónica o está cargado y acoplado a un contraión (un catión o anión) o está en disolución. Esta definición también incluye sales de amonio cuaternario y complejos de la molécula activa con otras moléculas e iones, particularmente, complejos formados a través de interacciones iónicas. La definición incluye en particular sales fisiológicamente aceptables; esta expresión debe entenderse como equivalente a “sales
25 farmacológicamente aceptables”.
La expresión “sales farmacéuticamente aceptables” en el contexto de esta invención significa cualquier sal que se tolera fisiológicamente (lo que significa normalmente que no es tóxica, particularmente, como resultado del contraión) cuando se usa de manera apropiada para un tratamiento, aplicado o usado, particularmente, en seres humanos y/o mamíferos. Estas sales fisiológicamente aceptables pueden formarse con cationes o bases y, en el
30 contexto de esta invención, se entiende que son sales formadas por al menos un compuesto usado según la invención (normalmente un ácido (desprotonado)) tal como un anión y al menos un catión tolerado fisiológicamente, preferiblemente inorgánico, particularmente cuando se usa en seres humanos y/o mamíferos. Se prefieren particularmente sales con metales alcalinos y alcalinotérreos, así como las formadas con cationes amonio (NH4+). Sales preferidas son las formadas con (mono) o (di)sodio, (mono) o (di)potasio, magnesio o calcio. Estas sales
35 fisiológicamente aceptables también pueden formarse con aniones o ácidos y, en el contexto de esta invención, se entiende que son sales formadas por al menos un compuesto usado según la invención (normalmente protonado, por ejemplo en nitrógeno) tal como un catión y al menos un anión tolerado fisiológicamente, particularmente cuando se usa en seres humanos y/o mamíferos. Esta definición incluye específicamente en el contexto de esta invención una sal formada por un ácido tolerado fisiológicamente, es decir, sales de un compuesto activo específico con ácidos
40 orgánicos o inorgánicos tolerados fisiológicamente (particularmente cuando se usan en seres humanos y/o mamíferos). Ejemplos de este tipo de sales son las formadas con: ácido clorhídrico, ácido bromhídrico, ácido sulfúrico, ácido metanosulfónico, ácido fórmico, ácido acético, ácido oxálico, ácido succínico, ácido málico, ácido tartárico, ácido mandélico, ácido fumárico, ácido láctico o ácido cítrico.
El término “solvato” según esta invención debe entenderse que significa cualquier forma del compuesto
45 activo según la invención en la que dicho compuesto está unido mediante un enlace no covalente a otra molécula (normalmente un disolvente polar), incluyendo especialmente hidratos y alcoholatos, como por ejemplo, metanolato. Un solvato preferido es el hidrato.
El término “profármaco” se usa en su sentido más amplio y abarca aquellos derivados que se convierten in vivo en los compuestos de la invención. Los ejemplos de profármacos incluyen, pero no se limitan a, derivados y 50 metabolitos de los compuestos de fórmula I que incluyen restos biohidrolizables tales como amidas biohidrolizables, ésteres biohidrolizables, carbamatos biohidrolizables, carbonatos biohidrolizables, ureidos biohidrolizables y análogos de fosfato biohidrolizables. Preferiblemente, profármacos de compuestos con grupos funcionales carboxilo son los ésteres de alquilo inferior del ácido carboxílico. Los ésteres de carboxilato se forman convenientemente esterificando cualquiera de los restos ácido carboxílico presentes en la molécula. Normalmente, pueden prepararse
55 profármacos usando métodos bien conocidos, tales como los descritos por Burger “Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6ª ed. (Donald J. Abraham ed., 2001, Wiley) y “Design and Applications of Prodrugs” (H. Bundgaard ed., 1985, Harwood Academic Publishers).
Cualquier compuesto al que se hace referencia en el presente documento pretende representar tal compuesto específico así como ciertas variaciones o formas. En particular, los compuestos a los que se hace 60 referencia en el presente documento pueden tener centros asimétricos y por tanto existen en diferentes formas
compuesto que se une al receptor y genera una respuesta de antagonista; sin embargo, un antagonista parcial no genera la respuesta antagonista completa. Los antagonistas parciales son antagonistas débiles, bloqueando de ese modo parcialmente la acción de un agonista o agonista inverso sobre el receptor.
Un “agonista inverso” se define como un compuesto que produce un efecto opuesto al del agonista
5 ocupando el mismo receptor y, por tanto, disminuye la actividad basal de un receptor (es decir, señalización mediada por el receptor). Tales compuestos se conocen también como antagonistas negativos. Un agonista inverso es un ligando para un receptor que provoca que el receptor adopte un estado inactivo en relación con un estado basal que se produce en ausencia de cualquier ligando. Por tanto, mientras que un antagonista puede inhibir la actividad de un agonista, un agonista inverso es un ligando que puede alterar la conformación del receptor en ausencia de un
10 agonista.
“El/los receptor(es) sigma” tal como se usa en esta solicitud se conoce(n) bien y se define(n) usando la siguiente cita: “este sitio de unión representa una proteína típica diferente de la familia opioide, NMDA, dopaminérgica y otras familias de receptores de hormonas o neurotransmisores conocidas” (G. Ronsisvalle et al. Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 1499-1509 (2001)). Los datos farmacológicos basados en estudios de unión a ligando, la 15 distribución anatómica y las características bioquímicas distinguen al menos dos subtipos de receptores (R. Quiron et al., Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13, 85-86 (1992); M.L.Leitner, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259, 65-69 (1994); S.B. Hellewell y
W.D. Bowen; Brain Res. 527, 244-253 (1990)) (G. Ronsisvalle et al. Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 1499-1509 (2001)). Las secuencias de proteína de los receptores sigma (Sigma 1 (1) y Sigma 2 (2)) se conocen en la técnica (por ejemplo Prasad, P.D. et al., J. Neurochem. 70 (2), 443-451 (1998)). Muestran una afinidad muy alta frente a diversos
20 analgésicos (por ejemplo pentazocina).
“Compuesto(s) que se une(n) al receptor sigma” o “ligando sigma” tal como se usa en esta solicitud se define(n) como un compuesto que tiene un valor de CI50 de ≤ 5000 nM, más preferiblemente ≤ 1000 nM, más preferiblemente ≤ 500 nM en el receptor sigma. Más preferiblemente, el valor de CI50 es ≤ 250 nM. Más preferiblemente, el valor de CI50 es ≤ 100 nM. Lo más preferiblemente, el valor de CI50 es ≤ 50 nM. Adicionalmente,
25 la expresión “compuesto(s) que se une(n) al receptor sigma”, tal como se usa en la presente solicitud se define como que tienen al menos 50% de desplazamiento usando radioligando 10 nM específico para el receptor sigma (por ejemplo preferiblemente [3H]-(+) pentazocina) por lo cual el receptor sigma puede ser cualquier subtipo de receptor sigma. Preferiblemente dichos compuestos se unen al subtipo de receptor sigma-1.
Los compuestos que se unen al receptor sigma, denominados también generalmente ligandos sigma, se
30 conocen bien en la técnica. Muchos de ellos se abarcan mediante la definición anterior “compuesto(s) que se une(n) al receptor sigma”. Aunque hay muchos usos conocidos para los ligandos sigma, tales como fármacos antipsicóticos, ansiolíticos, antidepresivos, tratamiento del accidente cerebrovascular, fármacos antiepilépticos y muchas otras indicaciones, incluyendo contra la migraña y el dolor general, no se menciona en la técnica que estos compuestos sean útiles para la prevención y/o el tratamiento del dolor que se desarrolla como consecuencia de la
35 cirugía.
La tabla 1 enumera algunos ligandos sigma conocidos en la técnica (es decir, que tienen una CI50 ≤ 5000 nM). Algunos de estos compuestos pueden unirse al receptor sigma-1 y/o al receptor sigma-2. Estos ligandos sigma también incluyen sus respectivas sales, bases y ácidos.
40 Tabla 1
- (-)-Hemifumarato de cianopindolol
- Clorhidrato de cutamesina
- (-)-(1R,2S)-cis-N-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-2pirrolidinociclohexilamina
- Ciclobenzaprina HCl
- (-)-1-[1-(3-Clorofenil)pirrolidin-2-ilmetil]-4-(2feniletil)piperazina
- Cicloheximida
- (-)-Sulfato de esparteína pentahidratado
- Ciproheptadina HCl
- (+)-Himbacina
- Darrow Red HCl
- (±)-1-Ciclohexil-4-[3-(5-metoxi-1,2,3,4-tetrahidronaftalen1-il)propil]piperazina
- Bromuro de demecario
- Clorhidrato de (1S,5R)-3-[2-(2-adamantil)etil]-1,8,8trimetil-3-azabiciclo[3.2.1]octano
- Benzoato de denatonio
- Éster 2-(4-benzofuran-2-il-metil-piperazin-1-il)-etílico del ácido (2-dibutilamino-etil)-carbámico
- Citrato de deptropina
- Éster 1-(3-metoxi-2-nitro-bencil)-piperidin-3-il-metílico del ácido (4-[1,2,3]tiadiazol-4-il-bencil)-carbámico
- Desloratadina
- (4aalfa,8aalfa)-6-(4-Fluorofenil)-2-(4-piridilmetil)-6hidroxidecahidroisoquinolina; (4a,8a-cis)-6-(4-fluorofenil)2-(piridin-4-ilmetil)perhidroisoquinolin-6-ol
- Maleato de dexbromfeniramina
- (4aalfa,8abeta)-2-Bencil-6-(4-fluorofenil)-6hidroxidecahidroisoquinolina
- Maleato de dexclorfeniramina
- (6aR,9R)-5-Bromo-7-metil-N-(2-propinil)-4,6,6a,7,8,9hexahidroindol[4,3-fg]quinolin-9-carboxamida
- Dexfenfluramina HCl
- Clorhidrato de (S)-(-)-N-(2-amino-3-fenilpropil)-2-(3,4diclorofenil)-N-metilacetamida
- Diciclomina HCl
- (S)-Metanfetamina HCl
- Dietilpropión HCl
- Éster 1-(3-benciloxi-4-metoxi-bencil)-piperidin-3-ilmetílico del ácido [1-(9-etil-9H-carbazol-3-il-metil)pirrolidin-3-il]-carbámico
- Dimetisoquina HCl
- Éster 2-(terc-butoxicarbonil-naftalen-1-il-metil-amino)etílico del ácido [1-(9-etil-9H-carbazol-3-il-metil)pirrolidin-3-il]-carbámico
- Maleato de dimetindeno
- [4-(4-Etil-3,5-dimetil-pirazol-1-il)-fenil]-[4-(3-fenil-alil)piperazin-1-il]-metanona
- Metilsulfato de difemanilo
- Maleato de 1-(1,2-difeniletil)piperidina, (+/-)
- Difenidol HCl
- Hidrato de 1-(1,4-etano-1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-2-naftilmetil)-4metilpiperazina; hidrato de 1-(benzobiciclo[2.2.2]octen-2ilmetil)-4-metilpiperazina
- Difenoxilato HCl
- Clorhidrato de S,S-dióxido de 1-(1-adamantil)-2-[4-(2Hnafto[1,8-cd]isotiazol-2-ilmetil)piperidin-1-il]etanona
- Difenilpiralina HCl
- 1-(1-Naftil)piperazina HCl
- Dipropildopamina HBr
- Diclorhidrato de 1-(2-benciloxietil)-4-(3fenilpropil)piperazina
- Doxepina HCl
- Oxalato de 1-(2-feniletil)piperidina
- Diclonina HCl
- 1-(3-Clorofenil)piperazina HCl
- Ebastina
- 1-(3-Clorotien-2-il)-2-[4-(4-fluorobencil)piperidin-1il]etanol
- Nitrato de econazol
- 1-(4-Bromo-bencenosulfonil)-4-(2-terc-butilsulfanilbencil)-piperazina
- Epinastina HCl
- 1-(4-Cloro-3-hidroxifenil)-2-[4-(4-fluorobencil)piperidin-1il]etanol
- Etaverina HCl
- 1-(4-Clorofenil)-3-(hexahidroazepin-1-ilmetil)pirrolidin-2ona
- Etopropazina HCl
- (-)-D-Tartrato de 1-(4-clorofenil)-3(R)-[4-(2-metoxietil)-1piperazinilmetil]pirrolidin-2-ona
- Eticloprida HCl, S(-)-
- Diclorhidrato de 1-(4-clorofenil)-3(R)-[4-(2metoxietil)piperazin-1-ilmetil]pirrolidin-2-ona
- Etofenamato
- 1’-(4-Fluorobencil)-1,3-dihidroespiro[2-benzofuran-1,4’piperidina]
- Isotiocianato de etonitazenilo
- Clorhidrato de 1-(4-fluorofenil)-4-[4-(5-fluoro-2pirimidinil)-1-piperazinil]butan-1-ol
- Femoxetina HCl
- 1-(4-Fluorofenil)-4-[4-(5-fluoropirimidin-2-il)piperazin-1-
- Fenfluramina HCl
- il]butan-1-ol; 1-[4-(4-fluorofenil)-4-hidroxibutil]-4-(5fluoropirimidin-2-il)piperazina
- 1’-(4-fenilbutil)espiro[1,3-dihidroisobenzofuran-1,4’piperidina]
- Nitrato de fenticonazol
- Clorhidrato de 1-(ciclobutilmetil)-2-[3-fenil-2(E)propenil]pirrolidina
- Fipexida HCl
- 1-(Ciclohexilmetil)-3’-metoxi-5’-fenil-4’,5’-dihidro-3’Hespiro[piperidin-4,1’-pirano[4,3-c]pirazol]
- Flavoxato HCl
- Bromhidrato de 1-(ciclopropilmetil)-4-[2-(4-fluorofenil)-2oxoetil]piperidina
- Flunarizina diHCl
- 1,4-Bis[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’il]butano
- Compuesto B relacionado con fluoxetina
- 1-[(1R,3R)-2,2-Dimetil-3-(2fenoxietil)ciclobutilmetil]piperidina
- Fluperlapina
- 1-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-3-(pirrolidin-1-il)piperidina
- Decanoato de flufenazina DiHCl
- 1-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-4-(3-fenilpropil)piperazina
- Enantato de flufenazina DiHCl
- 1-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-4-metilpiperazina
- Flufenazina HCl
- Clorhidrato de 1-[2-(4-fluorofenil)etil]-4,4dimetilhexahidroazepina
- N-mostaza de flufenazina DiHCl
- Oxalato de 1-[2-[1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4triazol-3-ilsulfanil]etil]piperidina
- Compuesto C relacionado con flurazepam
- Diclorhidrato de 1-[2-benciloxi-1(R)-feniletil]-4ciclohexilpiperazina
- Fluspirileno
- Clorhidrato de 1-[3-(2-oxo-3-fenilimidazolin-1il)propil]espiro[piperidin-4,1’(3H)-isobenzofurano]; clorhidrato de 1-fenil-3-[3-[espiro[piperidin-4,1’(3H)isobenzofuran]-1-il]propil]imidazolin-2-ona
- GBR 12783 DiHCl
- Diclorhidrato de 1-[3-(3,4-dimetoxifenil)propil]-4-(4fenilbutil)perhidro-1,4-diazepina
- GBR 12909 DiHCl
- Clorhidrato de 1-[3-(4-clorofenoxi)propil]-4metilpiperidina
- GBR 13069 DiHCl
- 1-[3-(4-Fenil-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-il)propil]piperidina
- GBR-12935 DiHCl
- Clorhidrato de 1-[4-(6-metoxinaftalen-1-il)butil]-3,3dimetilpiperidina
- GR 89696 Fumarato
- Oxalato de 1-[4-[2-[1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-1H-pirazol-3iloxi]etil]piperazin-1-il]etanona
- Acetato de guanabenz
- 11-[5-(4-Fluorofenil)-5-oxopentil]-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahidro7,10-iminociclohept[b]indol
- Sulfato de guanadrel
- 1-Bencil-3beta-[3-(ciclopropilmetoxi)propil]2alfa,3alfa,4beta-trimetilpiperidina
- Halofantrina HCl
- 1-Bencil-3-metoxi-3’,4’-dihidroespiro(piperidin-4,1’tieno[3,2-c]pirano)
- HEAT HCl
- 1’-Bencil-3-metoxi-4-fenil-3,4-dihidroespiro[furo[3,4c]pirazol-1,4’-piperidina]
- Hexilcaína HCl
- 1-Bencil-4-(4-fluorofenoximetil)piperidina
- Hicantona
- Maleato de 1-bencil-4-[2-(4-fluorofenil)-2oxoetil]piperidina
- Sulfato de hidroxicloroquina
- Clorhidrato de 1-bencil-4-[3-fenil-2(E)-
- IBZM, S(-)
- propeniloximetil]piperidina
- Diclorhidrato de 1-bencil-4-[4-(4-fluorofenil)-3-ciclohexen1-il]piperazina hemihidratado
- ICI-199,441 HCl
- 1’-Bencilespiro[1,2,3,4-tetrahidronaftalen-1,4’-piperidina]
- Tartrato de ifenprodil
- 1’-Bencilespiro[indan-1,4’-piperidina]
- Indatralina HCl
- 1’-Butil-3-metoxi-4-fenil-3,4-dihidroespiro[furo[3,4c]pirazol-1,4’-piperidina]
- Iofetamina HCl
- Diclorhidrato de 1-ciclohexil-4-(3-fenoxipropil)piperazina
- Hemifumarato de isamoltano
- Clorhidrato de 1-hidroxi-1’-(2-feniletil)espiro[1,2,3,4tetrahidronaftalen-2,4’-piperidina]
- Isoxsuprina HCl
- Oxalato de 1-metil-4-[2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil]-4,5,6,7tetrahidro-1H-indazol
- Sal de fumarato de ketotifeno
- Oxalato de 1-fenil-3-(1-propil-1,2,5,6-tetrahidropiridin-3il)-1-propanona-oxima
- L-693.403 Maleato
- 1-Fenil-4-(pirrolidin-1-ilmetil)-1,4,6,7-tetrahidropirano[4,3c]pirazol
- L-741.626
- Ácido 2-(2-{[1-(3-cloro-bencil)-pirrolidin-3-il]-metilcarbamoil}-2-metil-propil)-4,6-dimetil-benzoico
- L-741.742 HCl
- 2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)-N-metil-N-[2-(1,2alfa,3alfa,4betatetrametilpiperidin-3beta-il)etil]acetamida
- L-745.870 TriHCl
- Clorhidrato de 2-(ciclohexilmetilaminometil)-8-metoxi-3,4dihidro-2H-1-benzopirano
- Levetimida HCl, R(-)
- Éster etílico del ácido 2(S)-[(3aS,6aR)-5-butil-4-oxo1,2,3,3a,4,6a-hexahidrociclopenta[c]pirrol-2-il]propiónico
- Levobunolol HCl
- Clorhidrato de 2-[2-[5-metil-1-(2-naftil)-1H-pirazol-3iloxi]etilamino]etanol
- Lidoflazina
- 2-[2-[N-(Ciclobutilmetil)-N-metilamino]etil]-1,2,3,4tetrahidronaftalen-2-ona
- Lobelina HCl
- 2-[3-[4-(2-Metoxifenil)piperazin-1-il]propoxi]-9H-carbazol
- Lomerizina diHCl
- 2-[4-(4-Metoxibencil)piperazin-1-ilmetil]-4H-1benzopiran-4-ona
- Succinato de loxapina
- 2-[N-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-N-metilaminometil]-1etilpirrolidina
- LY-53.857 Maleato
- Éster etílico del ácido 2-bencil-3,4,8-trimetil-2azabiciclo[2.2.2]octano-6-carboxílico
- Maprotilina HCl
- 2-Butil-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahidro-1H-indeno[2,1-c]piridina
- Mazindol
- Maleato de 2-cloro-11-(4metilpiperazino)dibenz[B,F]oxepina
- MDL 12.330A HCl
- Clorhidrato del éster etílico del ácido 3-(1-bencil-2r,3c,4ttrimetilpiperidin-3t-il)propiónico
- Sal de 1,5-naftalendisulfonato de mebhidrolina
- Clorhidrato de 3-(3-cloro-4-ciclohexilfenil)-1(hexahidroazepin-1-il)-1(Z)-propeno; clorhidrato de 1-[3(3-cloro-4-ciclohexilfenil)-2(Z)-propenil]hexahidroazepina
- Meclizina HCl
- Oxalato de 3-(4-metilfenil)-5-(1-propil-1,2,5,6tetrahidropiridin-3-il)isoxazol
- Mefloquina HCl
- 3-(N-Bencil-N-metilamino)-1-(4-nitrofenil)piperidina
- Meprilcaína HCl
- Yoduro de 3,3’-dietiltiacarbocianina
- Besilato de mesoridazina
- 3-[1-(Benzociclobutan-1-ilmetil)piperidin-4-il]-6-fluoro-1,2benzisoxazol
- Metanosulfonato de metafit
- 3-[2-(2-Adamantil)etil]-3-azabiciclo[3.2.2]nonano
- Metafit
- 3-[3-(4-Metilfenil)isoxazol-5-il]-1-propil-1,2,5,6tetrahidropiridina
- Bromuro de metantelina
- 3a,6-Epoxi-2-[2-(4-fluorofenil)etil]-2,3,3a,6,7,7ahexahidro-1H-isoindol
- Metdilazina
- 3a,6-Epoxi2-[2-(4-fluorofenil)etil]perhidroisoindol
- Mesilato de metiotepina
- Sal de difeniletilamina del ácido 3-mercapto-2metilpropanoico
- Metixeno HCl
- Monoclorhidrato de 3-fenil-1-(1-propil-1,2,5,6-tetrahidro3-piridil)-1-propanona-oxima
- Violeta de metileno 3Rax HCl
- Bencilato de 3-quinuclidinilo
- Metipranolol
- 3,5-Diclorobenzoato de 3-tropanilo
- Mianserina HCl
- 3-Carboxilato de 3-tropanil-indol HCl
- Miconazol
- Éster 2-(5-bromo-2-etoxi-fenilamino)-ciclohexilmetílico del ácido 4-(1H-indol-4-il)-piperazin-1-carboxílico
- ML-9 HCl
- Éster 2-tiofen-2-il-etílico del ácido 4-(2-terc-butilsulfanilbencil)-piperazin-1-carboxílico
- L-Tartrato de Morantel hidrógeno
- Éster 1-(2-fluoro-bencil)-piperidin-2-ilmetílico del ácido 4(3,5-dimetoxi-fenil)-piperazin-1-carboxílico
- MR 16728 HCl
- Éster 1-(2-fluoro-5-metoxi-bencil)-piperidin-3-ilmetílico del ácido 4-(3-nitro-5-sulfamoil-tiofen-2-il)-piperazin-1carboxílico
- MT-210
- 4-(4-Bencilpiperazin-1-ilmetil)-7-metoxi-2H-1-benzopiran2-ona
- Clorhidrato de N-(2-adamantil)-N-[2-(2adamantil)etil]-N-metilamina
- Diclorhidrato de 4-(4-bromofenil)-5-[2(dihexilamino)etil]tiazol-2-amina
- Fumarato del éster isobutílico del ácido N-[1-(2-indanil)piperidin-4-il]-Nmetilcarbámico
- Oxalato de 4-(4-fluorobenzoil)-1-(4-fenilbutil)piperidina
- N-[1-[4-Metoxi-3-(2-feniletoxi)bencil]-4metilpentil]-N-propilamina
- 4-(4-Metilfenil)-1-(3-morfolinopropil)-1,2,3,6tetrahidropiridina
- N-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-N-etil-N-[2-(1pirrolidinil)etil]amina
- Éster pent-2-inílico del ácido 4-(5-trifluorometil-piridin-2il)-piperazin-1-carboxílico
- Dibromhidrato de N-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)etil]-N-metil-N-(2pirrolidinoetil)amina
- 4-(Dimetilamino)-1-fenilciclohexanol
- N-[4-[4-(Dietilamino)piperidin-1il]fenil]metanosulfonamida
- 4,7-Epoxi-2-[2-(4-fluorofenil)etil]-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahidro1H-isoindol
- N1-(1-Adamantil)-N2-(2metilfenil)acetamidina
- 4-[1-(3-[18F]fluoropropil)piperidin-4-ilmetoxi]benzonitrilo
- N1-[2-(3,4-Diclorofenil)etil]-N1,N2,N2trimetil-1,2-etanodiamina
- Ácido 4-[1-(4-clorobencil)-4-(bencilpiperidin-4-il]-2hidroxi-4-oxobut-2-enoico
- Sal de oxalato de nafronilo
- 4-[1-(4-Fluorofenil)-1-hidroximetil]-1-[3-(4fluorofenoxi)propil]piperidina
- Naftifina
- Clorhidrato de 4-[2-(dipropilamino)etil]-2-(2feniletoxi)anisol
- Naftopidil diHCl
- Clorhidrato de 4-[2-(dipropilamino)etil]-5,8dimetilcarbazol
- Mesilato de naltriben
- 4-[2-[1-(3,4-Diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-pirazol-3iloxi]etil]morfolina
- NE-100
- Fumarato de 4-[2-[1-(ciclopropilmetil)piperidin-4il]acetil]benzonitrilo
- Nefazodona
- 4-[4-(N-Bencil-N-metilamino)piperidin-1-il]benzonitrilo
- N-Etil-N-[2-(1-piperidinil)etil]-N-[2-[4(trifluorometoxi)fenil]etil]amina
- Diclorhidrato de 4-[N-[2-[N’-(4-fluorobencil)-N’metilamino]etil]-N-metilamino]-1-(4-fluorofenil)-1butanona
- Nicergolina
- Clorhidrato de 4-bencil-1-[4-(4-fluorofenil)-4hidroxibutil]piperidina
- Niguldipina HCl, (+/-)
- 4-Bromo-N-[1-(9-etil-9H-carbazol-3-ilmetil)-pirrolidin-3-il]2-trifluorometoxi-bencenosulfonamida
- Nisoxetina HCl
- 4’-Cloro-3-alfa-(difenilmetoxi)tropano HCl
- NP-07
- Éster 2-{4-[3-(2-trifluorometil-fenotiazin-10-il)-propil]piperazin-1-il}-etílico del ácido 4-furan-2-ilmetil-piperazin1-carboxílico
- Nilidrina HCl
- Clorhidrato de 4-metoxi-1-[2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil]6H-dibenzo[b,d]pirano
- Maleato de octoclotepina, (±)
- 4-Metoxi-N-[1-(7-metoxi-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ilmetil)pirrolidin-3-il]-Bencenosulfonamida
- Oxamniquina
- 4-Fenil-1-(3-fenilpropil)-4-(pirrolidin-1-ilcarbonil)piperidina
- Compuesto A relacionado con oxamniquina
- Diclorhidrato de 5-(2-pirrolidinoetil)-4-(2,4,6trimetoxifenil)tiazol-2-amina
- Compuesto B relacionado con oxamniquina
- 5-(N-Etil-N-isopropil)-Amilorida
- Oxatomida
- 6-[1-Hidroxi-2-[4-(2-feniletil)piperidin-1-il]etil]-1,2,3,4tetrahidroquinolin-2-ona
- Nitrato de oxiconazol
- 6-[2-(4-Bencilpiperidin-1-il)etil]-3-metilbenzotiazol-2(3H)ona
- Clorhidrato de panamesina
- 6-[2-[4-(2-Feniletil)piperidin-1-il]etil]-1,2,3,4tetrahidroquinolin-2-ona
- Panaxatriol
- 6-[3-(Morfolin-4-il)propil]benzotiazol-2(3H)-ona
- PAPP
- 6-[6-(4-Hidroxipiperidin-1-il)hexiloxi]-3-metil-2-fenil-4H-1benzopiran-4-ona
- Paroxetina
- 7-(4-Metoxifenil)-4-[4-(4-piridil)butil]hexahidro-1,4tiazepina
- Paxilina
- Clorhidrato de 7-[3-[4-(4-fluorobenzoil)piperidin-1il]propoxi]-4H-1-benzopiran-4-ona
- p-Clorobenzhidrilpiperazina
- 9-[4-({[4’-(Trifluorometil)-1,1’-bifenil-2il]carbonil}amino)piperidin-1-il]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroetil)-9Hfluoren-9-carboxamida
- Sulfato de penbutolol
- 9-Hidroxi-2,3,6,7,7a,8,12b,12c-octahidro-1H,5Hnafto[1,2,3-ij]quinolizina
- Isetionato de pentamidina
- Maleato de acetofenazina
- Metanosulfonato de pergolida
- Acrinol
- Perospirona
- Ajmalina
- Metanosulfonato de fenamilo
- Alaproclato HCl
- Fenosafranina HCl
- Aloe-Emodina
- Piboserod
- Hidrato de sal alprenolol D-tartrato
- Pimozida
- Alprenolol HCl
- Cloruro de pinacianol
- AMI-193
- Pindobind, (+/-)-
- Aminobenzotropina
- Piperacetazina
- Amiodarona HCl
- Piperidolato HCl
- Amodiaquina HCl
- Pirenperona
- Amorolfina HCl
- PPHT HCl, (±)-
- Amoxapina
- Sal de prenilamina lactato
- AN2/AVex-73; AE-37; ANAVEX 2-73; N-(2,2difeniltetrahidrofuran-3-ilmetil)-N,N-dimetilamina
- Sal de metanosulfonato de pridinol
- Anavex 1-41; AE-14; clorhidrato de N-(5,5difeniltetrahidrofuran-3-ilmetil)-N,N-dimetilamina
- Prociclidina HCl
- Anavex 19-144; AE-37met; AN19/AVex-144
- Sal de hemisulfato de proflavina
- Anavex 7-1037
- Propafenona HCl
- Metilbromuro de anisotropina
- Proparacaína HCl
- Anpirtolina
- Propiomazina
- ARC 239 DiHCl
- Protoquilol
- Auramina O HCl
- Protriptilina HCl
- Azaperona
- Maleato de pirilamina
- Maleato de azatadina
- Pirimetamina
- Azelastina HCl
- Éster 2-bencílico del éster 1-[1-(4aliloxi-bencil)-piperidin-2-ilmetílico] del ácido pirrolidin-1,2-dicarboxílico
- Sulfato de bametán
- Pamoato de pirvinio
- BD 1008 DiHBr
- Fumarato de quetiapina
- BD-1063
- Quinacrina HCl
- Benextramina TetraHCl
- Rojo de quinaldina
- Benfluorex HCl
- Dimaleato de quipazina
- Benidipina HCl
- Maleato de quipazina, 6-nitro-
- Benoxatian HCl
- Raloxifeno
- Fosfato de benproperina
- Rimantadina HCl
- Bromuro de benzododecinio
- Clorhidrato de rimcazol
- Benzofetamina HCl
- Risperidona
- Mesilato de benzotropina
- Ritanserina
- Hidroxinaftoato de befenio
- Ritodrina HCl
- Bepridil HCl
- RS 23597-190 HCl
- Cloruro de berberina
- RS 67333 HCl
- Betaxolol HCl
- RS 67506 HCl
- Bifemelano
- Safranina O HCl
- BMY 7378 DiHCl
- Salmeterol
- Malonato de bopindolol
- SB203186
- Maleato de BP 554
- SCH-23390 HCl, R(+)-
- Bromhexina HCl
- Nitrato de sertaconazol
- Bromodifenhidramina HCl
- Sertindol
- Bromperidol
- Sertralina
- Maleato de bromfeniramina
- Sibutramina HCl
- BTCP HCl
- Clorhidrato de siramesina
- Buclizina HCl
- SKF-525A HCl
- Buflomedil HCl
- SKF-96365 HCl
- Bupropiona HCl
- SNC 121
- Buspirona HCl
- Espiperona HCl
- Sulfato de butacaína
- T-226296
- Butaclamol HCl, (±)-
- Maleato de tegaserod
- Butenafina HCl
- Terbinafina HCl
- Nitrato de butoconazol
- Terconazol
- BW 723C86 HCl
- Terfenadina
- Citrato de carbetapentano
- Compuesto A relacionado con terfenadina
- Maleato de carbinoxamina
- Mesilato de tetrindol
- Carpipramina DiHCl DiH2O
- Malato de tietilperazina
- Carvedilol
- Maleato de tioperamida
- Cefapirina benzatina
- Tioproperazina
- Maleato de CGS-12066A
- Tioridazina
- Cloroprocaína HCl
- Tiotixeno
- Maleato de clorfeniramina
- Tiotixeno, (E)-
- Clorfenoxamina HCl
- Bromuro de tonzonio
- Clorprotixeno
- Compuesto A relacionado con tioconazol
- Cinanserina HCl
- TMB-8 HCl
- Cinarizina
- L-Tartrato de tolterodina
- Cirazolina HCl
- Citrato de toremifeno
- Cis-(+/-)-N-Metil-N-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)etil]-2-(1pirrolidinil)ciclohexamina DiHBr
- Tramazolina HCl
- Cis(Z)-Flupentixol DiHCl
- Trans-U-50488 metanosulfonato, (±)
- cis-2-(Ciclopropilmetil)-7-(4fluorobenzoil)perhidropirido[1,2-a]pirazina
- Cloruro de tridihexetilo
- cis-2-[4-(trifluorometil)bencil]-3a,4,7,7atetrahidroisoindolina
- Trifluoperazina HCl
- Hidrato de cisaprida
- Trifluperidol HCl
- Citalopram HBr
- Trihexifenidil HCl
- Fumarato de clemastina
- Hemi-L-tartrato de trimeprazina
- Clemizol HCl
- Maleato de trimipramina
- Clenbuterol HCl
- Tripelenamina HCl
- Bromuro de clidinio
- Triprolidina HCl
- Clobenpropit 2HBr
- Isómero Z de triprolidina HCl
- Clofazimina
- 3,5-Dimetilbenzoato de tropanil
- Tosilato de clofilio
- 2-(4-clorofenoxi)butanoato, maleato de tropina
- Citrato de clomifeno
- U-50488 HCl, (-)-
- Compuesto A relacionado con clomifeno
- U-62066
- Clomipramina
- UH 232 maleato, (+)-
- Cloperastina HCl
- Vesamicol HCl
- Clorgilina HCl
- Vinpocetina
- Clozapina
- W-7 HCl
- Conesina
- WB-4101 HCl
Preferiblemente, la tabla anterior también incluye haloperidol reducido. Haloperidol reducido es un metabolito activo de haloperidol que se produce en seres humanos, muestra una alta afinidad (en el intervalo nanomolar bajo) para los receptores sigma-1, y produce un bloqueo irreversible de receptores sigma-1 tanto en
5 células humanas como animales experimentales.
Los expertos en la técnica conocen ejemplos bien conocidos de métodos de producción de un profármaco de un compuesto activo dado (por ejemplo en Krogsgaard-Larsen et al., Textbook of Drugdesign and Discovery, Taylor & Francis (abril de 2002)).
El ligando sigma en el contexto de la presente invención tiene la fórmula general (I) tal como se representó 10 anteriormente.
En una realización preferida, R1 en los compuestos de fórmula (I) se selecciona de H, -COR8, y alquilo sustituido o no sustituido. Más preferiblemente, R1 se selecciona de H, metilo y acetilo. Una realización más preferida es cuando R1 es H.
En otra realización preferida, R2 en los compuestos de fórmula (I) representa H o alquilo, más 15 preferiblemente metilo.
Aún en otra realización preferida de la invención, R3 y R4 en los compuestos de fórmula (I) se sitúan en las posiciones meta y para del grupo fenilo y, preferiblemente, se seleccionan independientemente de halógeno y alquilo sustituido o no sustituido.
En una realización especialmente preferida de la invención, en los compuestos de fórmula (I) tanto R3 como
20 R4 junto con el grupo fenilo forman un sistema de anillos condensados opcionalmente sustituidos (por ejemplo, pueden condensarse un grupo arilo sustituido o no sustituido o un grupo heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido), más preferiblemente, un sistema de anillos de naftilo.
Además, en los compuestos de fórmula (I), se prefieren en el contexto de la presente invención realizaciones en las que n se selecciona de 2, 3, 4, más preferiblemente n es 2.
25 Finalmente, en otra realización, se prefiere en los compuestos de fórmula (I) que R5 y R6 sean, cada uno independientemente, alquilo C1-6, o junto con el átomo de nitrógeno al que están unidos formen un grupo heterociclilo sustituido o no sustituido, en particular un grupo elegido entre grupo morfolinilo, piperidinilo y pirrolidinilo. Más preferiblemente, R5 y R6 juntos forman un grupo morfolin-4-ilo.
En variantes preferidas de la invención, el ligando sigma de fórmula (I) se selecciona de:
30 [1] 4-{2-(1-(3,4-Diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-pirazol-3-iloxi)etil}morfolina
En una variante más preferida de la invención, el ligando sigma de fórmula (I) es 4-{2-[5-metil-1-(naftalen-2-il)-1H-pirazol-3-iloxi]etil}-morfolina. Este compuesto particular se denomina en los ejemplos de la presente invención compuesto 63.
Los compuestos de fórmula (I) y sus sales o solvatos pueden prepararse tal como se da a conocer en la 5 solicitud previa WO2006/021462.
En una realización no reivindicada, el ligando sigma en el contexto de la presente invención tiene la fórmula general (II) tal como se representó anteriormente.
En otra realización no reivindicada de la invención, se prefiere que en el compuesto de fórmula (II), al menos uno de R1 a R3 sea hidrógeno. En otra realización de la invención, se prefiere que en el compuesto de 10 fórmula (II), al menos uno de R1 a R3 sea halógeno. En otra realización, se prefiere que dos de R1 a R3 sean
hidrógeno o halógeno, siendo el último preferiblemente cloruro.
En otra realización no reivindicada, R4 en los compuestos de fórmula (II) es preferiblemente un alquilo inferior, más preferiblemente es metilo.
En una realización no reivindicada en los compuestos de fórmula (II), R5 y R6 son independientemente un 15 alquilo, más preferiblemente un alquilo C1-C6, incluso más preferiblemente etilo o isopropilo.
En otra realización no reivindicada en los compuestos de fórmula (II), R5 y R6 forman, junto con el nitrógeno el que están unidos, un grupo heterociclilo sustituido o no sustituido, seleccionado preferiblemente de pirrolidina, piperidina, azepan y morfolina.
Además, en una realización no reivindicada en los compuestos de fórmula (II), n es 1, 2, 3, 4 ó 5.
20 Compuestos preferidos de fórmula (II) son los siguientes:
[67] 4-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltioetil]morfolina;
[68] 1-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tioetil]piperidina;
[69] 1-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tioetil]pirrolidina;
[70] 2-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio]-N,N-diisopropil-etanamina; 25 [71] 2-[1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio]-N,N-dietil-etanamina;
[72] 1-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio)etil]azepan;
[73] 4-[3-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)propil]-morfolina;
[74] 1-[3-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio)propil]-4-pirrolidina;
[75] 1-[3-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)propil]-4-fenilpiperidina; 30 [76] 1-[4-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio)butil]-4-fenilpiperidina;
[77] 4-[4-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-tio)butil]morfolina;
[78] 1-[5-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)pentil]piperidina;
[79] 4-[5-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)pentil]morfolina;
[80] 1-[5-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)pentil]pirrolidina; 35 [81] 1-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-sulfinil)etil]pirrolidina;
[82] 4-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-sulfinil)-etil]-morfolina;
[83] 2-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilsulfinil]-N,N-diisopropiletanamina;
[84] 1-[4-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilsulfinil)butil]-4-fenilpiperidina;
[85] 1-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ilsulfonil]etilpirrolidina; 40 [86] 2-[1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-sulfonil]-N,N-dietiletanamina;
[87] 4-[4-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-il-sulfonil)-butil]-morfolina;
[88] 1-[2-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]piperidina;
[89] 2-[1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi]-N,N-dietiletanamina;
[90] 1-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]pirrolidina; 45 [91] 4-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]morfolina;
[92] 2-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)-N,N-dietiletanamina;
[93] 1-[2-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]pirrolidina;
[94] 4-[2-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]morfolina;
[95] 1-[2-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)etil]piperidina; 50 [96] 4-[4-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iloxi)butil]morfolina;
[97] 1-[2-(1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]-4-metilpiperidina;
[98] 4-[2-(5-metil-1-fenil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]morfolina;
[99] 4-[2-(1-(4-clorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]morfolina;
[100] N-[2-(1-(3-clorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]-N,N-diisopropilpropan-2-amina; 55 [101] 1-[2-(1-(3-clorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]piperidina;
[102] 4-[2-(1-(3-clorofenil)-5-metil-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-iltio)etil]morfolina;
3-fenilpiperidin-1-ilo, 4-bencilpiperazin-1-ilo, 4-fenil-piperazin-1-ilo, 2-[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-ilo, azepan-1-ilo, 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-isoquinolin-2-ilo, pirrolidin-1-ilo, 3-fenil-pirrolidin-1-ilo, isoindolin-2-ilo o imidazol-1-ilo; especialmente cuando R2 es hidrógeno, m es 1 y n es 1; más especialmente cuando R3 y R4 son ambos hidrógeno; y incluso más especialmente cuando R1 es fenilo sustituido o no sustituido. Se obtienen buenos resultados cuando
5 R5 es bencilo y R6 es metilo.
Las realizaciones y preferencias no reivindicadas anteriores para R1 a R6, n, m y la línea discontinua -----pueden combinarse para dar compuestos preferidos adicionales.
Los compuestos no reivindicados individuales particulares de la invención que se encuentran bajo la fórmula (III) incluyen los compuestos enumerados a continuación:
10 [139] 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-1H-indazol,
[140] oxalato de 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-1H-indazol,
[141] 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[142] oxalato de 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[143] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etiliden)-1-fenil-1H-indazol, 15 [144] 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[145] oxalato de 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[146] 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[147] oxalato de 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[148] 4-(2-(4-bencilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-1H-indazol, 20 [149] 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]etil)-1H-indazol,
[150] oxalato de 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]-etil)-1H-indazol,
[151] 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(piperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[152] oxalato de 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(piperidin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[153] (E)-4-(2-(azepan-1-il)etiliden)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-1H-indazol, 25 [154] oxalato de (E)-4-(2-(azepan-1-il)etiliden)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-1H-indazol,
[155] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[156] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]-etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[157] oxalato de (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran
1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]etiliden)-1H-indazol, 30 [158] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[159] 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-2-((E)-2-(6,7-dihidro-1-fenil-1H-indazol-4(5H)-iliden)etil)isoquinolina,
[160] oxalato de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-2-((E)-2-(6,7-dihidro-1-fenil-1H-indazol-4(5H)-iliden)etil)isoquinolina,
[161] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(3-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[162] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(3-fenilpirrolidin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol 35 [163] oxalato de (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(3-fenilpirrolidin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[164] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(isoindolin-2-il)etiliden)-1-fenil-1H-indazol,
[165] (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(piperidin-1-il)etiliden)-1H-indazol,
[166] 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[167] oxalato de 1-(3,4-diclorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol, 40 [168] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[169] oxalato de 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-4-(2-(morfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[170] 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[171] oxalato de 4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1H-indazol,
[172] 2-(2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol-4-il)etil)isoindolina, 45 [173] oxalato de 2-(2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol-4-il)etil)isoindolina,
[174] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperidin-1-il)etil)ciclopenta[c]-pirazol,
[175] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(piperidin-1-il)etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[176] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(4-fenilpiperazin-1-il)etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[177] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(pirrolidin-1-il)etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol, 50 [178] oxalato de 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-(pirrolidin-1-il)etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[179] 4-(2-(4-bencilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[180] dioxalato de 4-(2-(4-bencilpiperazin-1-il)etil)-1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[181] 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-2-(2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol-4-il)etil)-isoquinolina,
[182] oxalato de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidro-2-(2-(1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol-4-il)etil)-isoquinolina, 55 [183] 4-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-il)etil)-1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenilciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[184] cis-1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-4-(2-(2,6-dimetilmorfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[185] oxalato de cis-1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-4-(2-(2,6-dimetilmorfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[186] cis-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(2,6-dimetilmorfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-1H-indazol,
[187] oxalato de cis-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-4-(2-(2,6-dimetilmorfolin-4-il)etil)-1-fenil-1H-indazol, 60 [188] 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]-etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[189] oxalato de 1,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1-fenil-4-(2-[espiro[isobenzofuran
1(3H),4’-piperidin]-1’-il]-etil)ciclopenta[c]pirazol,
[251] oxalato de 4-(2-(1-(4-fluorofenil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1H-indazol-4-il)etil)morfolina;
[252] oxalato de 4-(1-(2-(1-metil)-4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1H-indazol-4-il)etil)piperidin-4-il)benzonitrilo; y
[253] acetato de 1-(4-(7-((5-bromotiofen-2-il)metil)-5,6,7,8-tetrahidropirido[3,4-d]pirimidin-2-ilamino)fenil)etilo.
Los compuestos de fórmula (III) pueden prepararse tal como se da a conocer en la solicitud previa 5 WO2006/021463.
En una realización particular de la presente invención, el dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía es dolor superficial y/o profundo y por ejemplo es dolor neuropático periférico, con neuralgia, alodinia, causalgia, hiperalgesia, hiperestesia y/o hiperpatía.
En otro aspecto de la presente invención, el dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía tal como se 10 definió anteriormente en el presente documento está acompañado de neuropatía y/o neuritis. Más preferiblemente, el dolor es hiperalgesia térmica o alodinia mecánica.
“Dolor neuropático” se define por la IASP como “dolor iniciado o provocado por una lesión primaria o disfunción en el sistema nervioso” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 210). Para los fines de esta invención esta expresión debe tratarse como sinónimo de “dolor neurogénico” que se define por la
15 IASP como “dolor iniciado o provocado por una lesión primaria, disfunción o perturbación transitoria en el sistema nervioso central o periférico”. El dolor neuropático según esta invención se limita al dolor neuropático resultante de una cirugía.
Según la IASP “alodinia” se define como “un dolor debido a un estímulo que normalmente no provoca dolor” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 210). Según la IASP “dolor neuropático
20 periférico” se define como “un dolor iniciado o provocado por una lesión primaria o disfunción en el sistema nervioso periférico” y “dolor neurogénico periférico” se define como “un dolor iniciado o provocado por una lesión primaria, disfunción o perturbación transitoria en el sistema nervioso periférico” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 213).
Según la IASP “causalgia” se define como “un síndrome de dolor urente sostenido, alodinia e hiperpatía tras 25 una lesión nerviosa por traumatismo, a menudo combinado con disfunción vasomotora y sudomotora y cambios tróficos posteriores” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 210).
Según la IASP “hiperalgesia” se define como “una respuesta aumentada a un estímulo que normalmente es doloroso” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 211).
Según la IASP “hiperestesia” se define como la “sensibilidad aumentada a la estimulación, excluyendo los 30 sentidos” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 211).
Según la IASP “hiperpatía” se define como “un síndrome doloroso caracterizado por una reacción anómalamente dolorosa a un estímulo, especialmente un estímulo repetitivo, así como un umbral aumentado” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 212).
La IASP indica la siguiente diferencia entre “alodinia”, “hiperalgesia” e “hiperpatía” (IASP, Classification of 35 chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 212):
- Alodinia
- Umbral reducido El modo de estímulo y respuesta difieren
- Hiperalgesia
- Respuesta aumentada La velocidad de estímulo y respuesta es la misma
- Hiperpatía
- Umbral aumentado Respuesta aumentada La velocidad de estímulo y respuesta puede ser la misma o diferente
Según la IASP “neuralgia” se define como el “dolor en la distribución de un nervio o nervios” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 212).
Según la IASP “neuritis” se define como la “inflamación de un nervio o nervios” (IASP, Classification of 40 chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 212).
Según la IASP “neuropatía/neuritis” se define como “una alteración de la función o cambio patológico en un nervio: en un nervio mononeuropatía, en varios nervios mononeuropatía múltiple, si es difusa y bilateral, polineuropatía” (IASP, Classification of chronic pain, 2ª edición, IASP Press (2002), 212).
Tal como se indicó anteriormente, un aspecto no reivindicado de esta invención se refiere al uso del ligando 45 sigma tal como se definió anteriormente para la fabricación de un medicamento para la prevención y/o el tratamiento del dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía.
Los aditivos o materiales auxiliares de una composición farmacéutica según la presente invención pueden seleccionarse entre vehículos, excipientes, materiales de soporte, lubricantes, cargas, disolventes, diluyentes, colorantes, acondicionadores de aroma tales como azúcares, antioxidantes, aglomerantes, adhesivos, disgregantes, antiadherentes, deslizantes y/o aglutinantes. En el caso de supositorios, esto puede implicar ceras o ésteres de
5 ácidos grasos o conservantes, emulsionantes y/o vehículos para aplicación parenteral. La selección de estos aditivos y/o materiales auxiliares y las cantidades que van a usarse dependerán de la forma de aplicación de la composición farmacéutica.La composición farmacéutica que comprende el ligando sigma según la invención puede adaptarse a cualquier forma de administración, puede ser por vía oral o parenteral, por ejemplo por vía pulmonar, por vía nasal, por vía rectal y/o por vía intravenosa. Por tanto, la formulación según la invención puede adaptarse
10 para aplicación por vía tópica o sistémica, particularmente para administración dérmica, transdérmica, subcutánea, intramuscular, intraarticular, intraperitoneal, intravenosa, intraarterial, intravesical, intraósea, intracavernosa, pulmonar, bucal, sublingual, ocular, intravítrea, intranasal, percutánea, rectal, vaginal, oral, epidural, intratecal, intraventricular, intracerebral, intracerebroventricular, intracisternal, intramedular, perimedular, intracraneal por medio de agujas o catéteres con o sin dispositivos de bombeo, u otras vías de aplicación.
15 Preparaciones adecuadas para aplicaciones por vía oral son comprimidos, píldoras, comprimidos oblongos, cápsulas de gelatina, gomas de mascar, cápsulas, gránulos, gotas o jarabes.
Preparaciones adecuadas para aplicaciones por vía parenteral son disoluciones, suspensiones, preparaciones secas reconstituibles, aerosoles o pulverizaciones.
La composición de la invención puede formularse como depósitos en forma disuelta o en parches, para 20 aplicación por vía percutánea.
Las aplicaciones en la piel incluyen pomadas, geles, cremas, lociones, suspensiones o emulsiones.
La forma adecuada para aplicación por vía rectal es por medio de de supositorios.
Además, la composición puede presentarse en una forma adecuada para administración una vez al día, a la semana o al mes.
25 Por consiguiente, en otro aspecto no reivindicado la invención proporciona un método de tratamiento de un paciente que padece dolor postquirúrgico, o es probable que padezca dolor como resultado de una operación quirúrgica, que comprende administrar al paciente que necesita un tratamiento o una profilaxis de este tipo una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de un ligando sigma a la frecuencia de tratamiento apropiada tal como se definió anteriormente.
30 En algunas realizaciones, el dolor postquirúrgico incluye uno o más de: alodinia, hiperalgesia, dolor inducido térmicamente, dolor inducido mecánicamente o dolor en reposo. Por ejemplo, el dolor postquirúrgico puede incluir dolor inducido mecánicamente y/o dolor en reposo. En algunos casos, el dolor postquirúrgico incluye dolor en reposo.
En ciertas realizaciones, se suprime, mejora y/o previene la alodinia, y en algunas realizaciones, se
35 suprime, mejora y/o previene la hiperalgesia. En algunos casos, el dolor es dolor crónico. En otros casos, el dolor es proximal y/o cerca de uno o más sitio(s) de incisión, herida o traumatismo externo. Los aspectos adicionales de los métodos objeto incluyen métodos de mejora y/o prevención del desarrollo o la evolución del dolor postquirúrgico administrando los ligandos sigma objeto. En ciertas realizaciones, el ligando sigma puede administrarse antes de una actividad que probablemente de como resultado incisión, herida o traumatismo externo, tal como cirugía. Por
40 ejemplo, la formulación de emulsión puede administrarse 30 minutos, 1 hora, 2 horas, 5 horas, 10 horas, 15 horas, 24 horas o incluso más, tales como 1 día, varios días, o incluso una semana, dos semanas, tres semanas o más antes de la actividad que probablemente de como resultado incisión, herida o traumatismo externo, tal como antes de la cirugía. En otras realizaciones, el ligando sigma puede administrarse durante y/o tras la cirugía o actividad que da como resultado incisión, herida o traumatismo externo. En algunos casos, el ligando sigma se administra 1 hora,
45 2 horas, 3 horas, 4 horas, 6 horas, 8 horas, 12 horas, 24 horas, 30 horas, 36 horas, o más, tras la cirugía o actividad que da como resultado incisión, herida o traumatismo externo.
En una realización de la invención se prefiere que se use el ligando sigma en cantidades terapéuticamente eficaces. El médico determinará la dosificación de los presentes agentes terapéuticos que será la más adecuada y variará según la forma de administración y el compuesto particular elegido y, además, variará según el paciente en
50 tratamiento, la edad del paciente, el tipo de dolor que está tratándose. Deseará generalmente iniciar el tratamiento con pequeñas dosificaciones sustancialmente inferiores a la dosis óptima del compuesto y aumentará la dosificación mediante pequeños incrementos hasta que se alcanza el efecto óptimo en las circunstancias. Cuando se administra la composición por vía oral, se requerirán mayores cantidades del principio activo para producir el mismo efecto que una cantidad menor administrada por vía parenteral. Los compuestos son útiles de la misma manera que agentes
Claims (2)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Ligando sigma para su uso en la prevención y/o el tratamiento del dolor desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía, teniendo el ligando sigma la fórmula general (I):R5imagen1 N R6
imagen2 CH2︵︶nO R1Nimagen3 imagen4 R2Nimagen5 imagen6 R3R4imagen7 5 (I)en la queR1 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo no aromático sustituido o no sustituido,10 heterociclilo aromático sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9, y halógeno;R2 se selecciona del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido,15 arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno;R3 y R4 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo20 sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman un sistema de anillos condensados opcionalmente sustituido;R5 y R6 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo formado por hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o25 no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, heterociclilalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, -COR8, -C(O)OR8, -C(O)NR8R9, -CH=NR8, -CN, -OR8, -OC(O)R8, -S(O)t-R8, -NR8R9, -NR8C(O)R9, -NO2, -N=CR8R9 y halógeno, o juntos forman, con el átomo de nitrógeno al que están unidos, un grupo heterociclilo30 aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido;n se selecciona de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8;t es 1, 2 ó3;R8 y R9 se seleccionan cada uno independientemente de hidrógeno, alquilo sustituido o no sustituido, cicloalquilo sustituido o no sustituido, alquenilo sustituido o no sustituido, arilo sustituido 35 o no sustituido, heterociclilo aromático o no aromático, sustituido o no sustituido, alcoxilo sustituidoo no sustituido, ariloxilo sustituido o no sustituido y halógeno;o una sal, estereoisómero o solvato farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo. - 2. Ligando sigma para uso según la reivindicación 1, en el que el dolor se selecciona de dolor agudo y/o crónico desarrollado como consecuencia de la cirugía.28
imagen8
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FR3005127B1 (fr) | 2013-04-29 | 2015-04-17 | Chassis Brakes Int Bv | "frein a disque a patin de freins stabilises, et procedes associes d'assemblage et de remplacement d'un patin" |
EP2818166A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-31 | Laboratorios del Dr. Esteve S.A. | Use of sigma receptor ligands for the prevention and treatment of pain associated to interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) |
RU2016113713A (ru) | 2013-09-12 | 2017-10-17 | Лабораторьос Дель Др. Эстеве, С.А. | Комбинации nsaid и лигандов сигма-рецепторов |
JP2017503765A (ja) | 2013-12-17 | 2017-02-02 | ラボラトリオス・デル・ドクトル・エステベ・ソシエダッド・アノニマ | ガバペンチノイドおよびシグマ受容体の組み合わせ |
JP2016540771A (ja) | 2013-12-17 | 2016-12-28 | ラボラトリオス・デル・ドクトル・エステベ・ソシエダッド・アノニマ | セロトニン−ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬(snri)およびシグマ受容体リガンドの組み合わせ |
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