ES2154440T3 - Procedimiento para la preparacion de polimeros a base de etileno. - Google Patents
Procedimiento para la preparacion de polimeros a base de etileno.Info
- Publication number
- ES2154440T3 ES2154440T3 ES97118519T ES97118519T ES2154440T3 ES 2154440 T3 ES2154440 T3 ES 2154440T3 ES 97118519 T ES97118519 T ES 97118519T ES 97118519 T ES97118519 T ES 97118519T ES 2154440 T3 ES2154440 T3 ES 2154440T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- preparation
- metalocene
- reaction
- racemic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- HPYIUKIBUJFXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentadienyl radical Chemical class [CH]1C=CC=C1 HPYIUKIBUJFXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/642—Component covered by group C08F4/64 with an organo-aluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61912—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/61916—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/619—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6192—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
- C08F4/61922—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
- C08F4/61927—Component covered by group C08F4/60 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
SE EXPONE AL PUBLICO UN PROCESO PARA LA PREPARACION DE POLIMEROS DE ETILENO. COMPRENDE LA REACCION DE POLIMERIZACION DEL ETILENO EN PRESENCIA DE UN CATALIZADOR QUE CONSISTE EN EL PRODUCTO DE LA REACCION DE: (A) UNA MEZCLA DEL RACEMICO Y DE LOS ISOMEROS MESO DE UN METALOCENO ESTEREORIGIDO DE UN METAL DE TRANSICION, PERTENECIENTE A LOS GRUPOS III, IV O V, O A LOS LANTANIDOS DE LA TABLA PERIODICA DE ELEMENTOS, CON DOS LIGANDOS DE CICLOPENTADIENILO CONECTADOS UNO CON OTRO MEDIANTE UN PUENTE QUIMICO; Y (B) AL MENOS UN COCATALIZADOR CAPAZ DE ACTIVAR TANTO LA FORMA RACEMICA COMO LA FORMA MESO DEL METALOCENO, SELECCIONADO DE ENTRE LOS ALUMOXANOS Y LOS COMPUESTOS CAPACES DE FORMAR UN CATION ALQUILMETALOCENO. EN PARTICULAR, ESTE PROCESO ES ADECUADO PARA PREPARAR COPOLIMEROS DE ETILENO CON UNA DISTRIBUCION UNIFORME DEL COMONOMERO A LO LARGO DE LA CADENA POLIMERICA Y UNA AMPLIA DISTRIBUCION EN CUANTO AL PESO MOLECULAR.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI941279A IT1270253B (it) | 1994-06-20 | 1994-06-20 | Copolimeri dell'etilene e procedimento per la preparazione di polimeri dell'etilene |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2154440T3 true ES2154440T3 (es) | 2001-04-01 |
Family
ID=11369136
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES97118519T Expired - Lifetime ES2154440T3 (es) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-06-19 | Procedimiento para la preparacion de polimeros a base de etileno. |
ES95924286T Expired - Lifetime ES2121402T3 (es) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-06-19 | Copolimeros de etileno. |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES95924286T Expired - Lifetime ES2121402T3 (es) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-06-19 | Copolimeros de etileno. |
Country Status (25)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6136936A (es) |
EP (2) | EP0821011B1 (es) |
JP (2) | JP3698437B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR100379138B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1092672C (es) |
AT (2) | ATE199018T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU689915B2 (es) |
BG (1) | BG100411A (es) |
BR (1) | BR9506041A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2169841A1 (es) |
CZ (1) | CZ290960B6 (es) |
DE (2) | DE69520051T2 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2154440T3 (es) |
FI (1) | FI960741A (es) |
IL (1) | IL114196A (es) |
IT (1) | IT1270253B (es) |
MX (1) | MX9600690A (es) |
MY (1) | MY117891A (es) |
NO (1) | NO960650L (es) |
NZ (1) | NZ289111A (es) |
PL (1) | PL182374B1 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2155776C2 (es) |
SK (1) | SK281515B6 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1995035333A2 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA955102B (es) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1272922B (it) * | 1995-01-23 | 1997-07-01 | Spherilene Srl | Procedimento per la preparazione di composti metallocenici |
UA47394C2 (uk) * | 1995-05-16 | 2002-07-15 | Юнівейшн Текнолоджіз, Ллс | Етиленовий полімер, який має підвищену придатність до обробки та вирiб, що містить етиленовий полімер |
EP1217013A3 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 2004-12-22 | Univation Technologies LLC | Production of polyethylene using stereoisomeric metallocenes |
DE69720609T2 (de) * | 1996-07-16 | 2003-11-13 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Verfahren zur Modifikation von die Rac/Meso-Verhältnis einer Metallocenverbindung |
DE69813958T2 (de) * | 1997-07-18 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Ungesättigte Copolymere, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Mischungen, die diese enthalten |
DE69907785T2 (de) | 1998-03-09 | 2004-02-12 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.P.A. | Mehrstufiges Verfahren zur Olefinpolymerisation |
US6177527B1 (en) | 1998-09-08 | 2001-01-23 | Union Carbide Chemical & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for the preparation of polyethylene or polypropylene |
DE69926339T2 (de) | 1998-11-20 | 2006-01-26 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Verbrückte metallocene, herstellung und verwendung als olefinpolymerisationskatalysator |
CN1367801A (zh) * | 1999-05-14 | 2002-09-04 | 杜邦唐弹性体公司 | 高度结晶的无规乙烯/α-烯烃/多烯烃共聚体 |
SG97919A1 (en) † | 1999-08-31 | 2003-08-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer and polyethylene composition |
SG96700A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-06-16 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Catalyst component for addition polymerization, process for producing catalyst for addition polymerization and process for producing addition polymer |
DE10244212A1 (de) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-25 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Zinkoxiddispersionen in halogen- und wasserfreien Dispersionsmedien |
WO2004044018A2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-27 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Process for homo- or copolymerization of conjugated dienes and in situ formation of polymer blends and products made thereby |
AU2007265645B2 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2012-06-21 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Improved polymerization processes using metallocene catalysts, their polymer products and end uses |
EP2518091B1 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2014-01-15 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Ethylene polymer particles, production method thereof and molded article using the same |
EP2275201A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-19 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Polymerization process with improved polymer homogeneity |
US20110003940A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Ethylene-based polymer compositions for use as a blend component in shrinkage film applications |
JP5767202B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-08-19 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | エチレン重合体並びに延伸成形体、微多孔膜、及び電池用セパレータ |
JP5767203B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-08-19 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | エチレン重合体並びに延伸成形体、微多孔膜、及び電池用セパレーター |
KR101689456B1 (ko) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-12-23 | 한화토탈 주식회사 | 에틸렌계 공중합체 및 이의 제조 |
FR3045613B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-12-15 | Michelin & Cie | Copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene de microstructure homogene |
FR3045612B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-12-15 | Michelin & Cie | Copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene de microstructure homogene |
US10882925B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2021-01-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalysts that produce polyethylene with broad, bimodal molecular weight distribution |
US10889663B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2021-01-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Asymmetric ANSA-metallocene catalyst compounds for producing polyolefins having a broad molecular weight distribution |
KR102258230B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-05-28 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 올레핀계 중합체 |
US11014997B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2021-05-25 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Dual catalyst system for producing high density polyethylenes with long chain branching |
US11267919B2 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2022-03-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Dual catalyst system for producing polyethylene with long chain branching for blow molding applications |
CN114591455B (zh) * | 2020-12-03 | 2023-10-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 催化剂及其制备方法、烯烃聚合催化剂体系 |
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EP1217013A3 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 2004-12-22 | Univation Technologies LLC | Production of polyethylene using stereoisomeric metallocenes |
UA47394C2 (uk) * | 1995-05-16 | 2002-07-15 | Юнівейшн Текнолоджіз, Ллс | Етиленовий полімер, який має підвищену придатність до обробки та вирiб, що містить етиленовий полімер |
FI104826B (fi) | 1996-01-30 | 2000-04-14 | Borealis As | Heteroatomilla substituoituja metalloseeniyhdisteitä olefiinipolymerointikatalyytti-systeemejä varten ja menetelmä niiden valmistamiseksi |
FI971565A (fi) | 1997-04-14 | 1998-10-15 | Borealis As | Olefiinien polymerointiin tarkoitettujen katalysaattorisysteemien substituoituja metalloseeniyhdisteitä, niiden välituotteet ja valmistusmenetelmä |
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1994
- 1994-06-20 IT ITMI941279A patent/IT1270253B/it active IP Right Grant
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1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/486,602 patent/US6136936A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-16 IL IL11419695A patent/IL114196A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 CZ CZ1996767A patent/CZ290960B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 EP EP97118519A patent/EP0821011B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-06-19 AT AT97118519T patent/ATE199018T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 EP EP95924286A patent/EP0742799B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-06-19 MY MYPI95001651A patent/MY117891A/en unknown
- 1995-06-19 ES ES97118519T patent/ES2154440T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-19 AT AT95924286T patent/ATE169939T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 ES ES95924286T patent/ES2121402T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-19 NZ NZ289111A patent/NZ289111A/en unknown
- 1995-06-19 WO PCT/EP1995/002372 patent/WO1995035333A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-06-19 DE DE69520051T patent/DE69520051T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-06-19 AU AU28856/95A patent/AU689915B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-19 BR BR9506041A patent/BR9506041A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 RU RU96105711/04A patent/RU2155776C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 MX MX9600690A patent/MX9600690A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1995-06-19 PL PL95314425A patent/PL182374B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 JP JP50166796A patent/JP3698437B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-19 CA CA002169841A patent/CA2169841A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-19 SK SK348-96A patent/SK281515B6/sk unknown
- 1995-06-19 KR KR1019960700825A patent/KR100379138B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-19 DE DE69504178T patent/DE69504178T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-06-19 CN CN95190756A patent/CN1092672C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-20 ZA ZA955102A patent/ZA955102B/xx unknown
-
1996
- 1996-02-19 FI FI960741A patent/FI960741A/fi unknown
- 1996-02-19 NO NO960650A patent/NO960650L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-11 BG BG100411A patent/BG100411A/xx unknown
-
2000
- 2000-06-23 US US09/603,139 patent/US6664351B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-27 JP JP2004376687A patent/JP4299775B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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