ES2141576T5 - Extensor vascular. - Google Patents
Extensor vascular.Info
- Publication number
- ES2141576T5 ES2141576T5 ES97202628T ES97202628T ES2141576T5 ES 2141576 T5 ES2141576 T5 ES 2141576T5 ES 97202628 T ES97202628 T ES 97202628T ES 97202628 T ES97202628 T ES 97202628T ES 2141576 T5 ES2141576 T5 ES 2141576T5
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- Prior art keywords
- vascular
- extender
- structures
- stringers
- stent
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/844—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents folded prior to deployment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2002/825—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having longitudinal struts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
- A61F2210/0019—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
STENT EXPANDIBLE QUE PUEDE UTILIZARSE EN UNA ARTERIA U OTRO VASO DEL CUERPO HUMANO QUE FORMA NUMEROSOS ANILLOS GENERALMENTE CIRCULARES CUANDO SE EXPANDE, PROPORCIONANDO UNA ESTRUCTURA CERRADA QUE OPTIMIZA LA RESISTENCIA DEL ASA, CON LO QUE SE REDUCE AL MINIMO EL RETROCESO ELASTICO DEL VASO EN EL QUE SE INTRODUCE EL STENT. LA ESTRUCTURA DEL STENT TIENE INICIALMENTE LA FORMA DE ELIPSES U OVALOS PLEGADOS QUE PUEDEN TENER UN DIAMETRO REDUCIDO PARA LA INSERCION PERCUTANEA MEDIANTE UN CATETER DE LIBERACION DE STENT. LOS OVALOS ESTAN UNIDOS ENTE SI MEDIANTE ALAMBRES DE FORMA RECTA U ONDULADA QUE SE DENOMINAN LONGITUDINALES Y QUE SIRVEN PARA ESPACIAR LOS ANILLOS DESPLEGADOS DENTRO DEL VASO. LOS LONGITUDINALES RECTOS SE UTILIZAN EN VASOS RECTOS Y LOS LONGITUDINALES ONDULADOS PUEDEN EMPLEARSE EN VASOS RECTOS O MUY CURVADOS COMO ALGUNAS ARTERIAS CORONARIAS.
Description
Extensor vascular.
La presente invención se refiere al campo de los
extensores vasculares para el mantenimiento en estado abierto de la
luz de uno cualquiera de una pluralidad de vasos del cuerpo
humano.
En la última década, se han utilizado muchos
diseños diferentes de extensores vasculares para mantener la luz de
arterias y otros vasos del cuerpo humano. En todos estos
dispositivos, una característica importante es la resistencia
anular. Específicamente, el extensor vascular debe presentar
suficiente resistencia anular para resistir el retraimiento
elástico ejercido por el vaso en cuyo interior se coloca el
extensor vascular. El extensor vascular de Mass descrito en la
patente U.S. nº 4.553.545 y el extensor vascular de Dotter descrito
en la patente U.S. nº 4.503.569 son ambos bobinas helicoidales
abiertas. El extensor vascular de Palmaz descrito en la patente U.S.
nº 4.733.665 es del diseño "dedo chino". El extensor vascular
Gianturco-Rubin, comercializado actualmente por
Cook, Inc., es otro diseño de extensor vascular que, como los
extensores vasculares de Mass, Dotter y Palmaz, no tiene ningún
elemento circular cerrado para optimizar la resistencia anular. La
solicitud de patente europea
EP-A-566 807 da a conocer una
estructura de extensor vascular que presenta anillos y
largueros.
El extensor vascular arterial ideal utiliza un
tamaño mínimo de alambre en los elementos del extensor vascular
para minimizar la trombosis en el lugar en que se sitúa después de
su implantación. El extensor vascular arterial ideal presenta
también suficiente resistencia anular para resistir la retracción
elástica de la arteria. Aunque el óptimo diseño para maximizar la
resistencia anular es una estructura circular cerrada, no se ha
descrito ningún extensor vascular de la técnica anterior que
presente un diámetro reducido cuando se introduce percutáneamente
dentro de un vaso y que se expanda en forma de una pluralidad de
estructuras circulares cerradas (es decir, anillos) cuando se
expande contra la pared del vaso.
Según la invención, se prevé una estructura de
extensor vascular de desplegado posterior para mantener en estado
abierto la luz de un vaso de un cuerpo humano, presentando la
estructura de extensor vascular un eje longitudinal y comprendiendo
una pluralidad de primeras estructuras de alambre que forman
largueros, que se extienden longitudinalmente con respecto al eje
longitudinal y una pluralidad de segundas estructuras de alambre
que se extienden alrededor del eje longitudinal, formando cada
pluralidad de segundas estructuras un anillo circular generalmente
cerrado alrededor del eje longitudinal, estando unidas de manera
fija las primeras estructuras a las segundas estructuras en unas
posiciones respectivas alrededor del eje longitudinal y por lo menos
dos largueros que presentan una forma ondulada con el fin de
potenciar la flexibilidad longitudinal.
A continuación se describe una forma de
realización de la invención, solamente a título de ejemplo,
haciendo referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los cuales:
la Fig. 1 es una vista lateral de un extensor
vascular después de desplegarse; es decir, en su forma después de
ser desplegado;
la Fig. 2 es una vista en sección transversal de
la sección 2-2 de la Fig. 1 que ilustra la forma en
que se unen los largueros a los anillos;
la Fig. 3 es una vista en sección transversal de
la sección 3-3 de la Fig. 2 que muestra la unión de
un solo anillo a los largueros;
la Fig. 4 es una vista lateral de un extensor
vascular antes de montarlo en un catéter de implantación del
extensor vascular; es decir, en la forma de la estructura
inicial.
la Fig. 5 es una vista en sección transversal de
la sección 5-5 de la Fig. 4 que ilustra cómo se
unen los largueros a los óvalos;
la Fig. 6 es una vista lateral de una forma de
desplegado previo de la estructura de extensor vascular en la cual
los óvalos han sido plegados, quedando un cilindro de diámetro
pequeño que se coloca sobre un globo deshinchado situado próximo al
extremo distante de un catéter de implantación del extensor
vascular;
la Fig. 7 es una vista lateral parcial de una
estructura de extensor vascular de desplegado previo, que muestra
solamente dos óvalos de una pluralidad de óvalos plegados que están
formados en torno a un globo expansible sobre el cual están
plegados los óvalos de manera alternativa en comparación con la Fig.
6;
la Fig. 8 es una vista lateral de un extensor
vascular de desplegado posterior según la presente invención, que
utiliza dos largueros ondulantes en lados opuestos del extensor
vascular para su mejor implantación en vasos curvados; y
la Fig. 9 es una vista lateral de un extensor
vascular grabado a partir de un cilindro metálico de pequeño
diámetro como pieza unitaria de metal.
La Figura 1 es una vista lateral de una forma de
realización de un extensor vascular cilíndrico 1 representado en su
configuración después de ser desplegado. El extensor vascular 1
tiene una pluralidad de anillos 2 que están distanciados entre sí
por cuatro alambres denominados largueros. Como puede verse en las
Figs. 1 y 2, en la parte superior del extensor vascular se
encuentra el larguero 4T, en la parte inferior el larguero 4B en el
lado izquierdo se encuentra el larguero 4L y en el lado derecho el
larguero 4R. Aunque en las Figs. 1 y 2 aparecen 7 anillos y 4
largueros, es evidente que el extensor vascular puede hacerse más
largo añadiendo anillos o aumentando la distancia entre ellos. De
manera análoga, el extensor vascular puede hacerse más corto
reduciendo el número de anillos o disminuyendo la distancia entre
ellos. También puede pensarse en la variación de la separación
entre los anillos para conseguir una variedad de fines, entre ellos
la aumentada resistencia anular en una sección del extensor
vascular en particular. Por otra parte, puede comprenderse que con
este diseño de extensor vascular pueden aplicarse dos o más
largueros, siendo 32 el máximo número admisible de los mismos.
Las Figuras 2 y 3 ilustran la unión entre los
largueros y los anillos. Específicamente, los largueros pueden
colocarse dentro de unos rebajes en forma de muescas 5 practicados
sobre el perímetro exterior del anillo 2. Los largueros pueden
unirse entonces a los anillos 2 con soldadura por puntos, con un
adhesivo o con cualquier otro medio de entre una pluralidad de
ellos. También se comprende que los largueros podrían estar
situados en el perímetro interior del anillo 2, o bien podrían
practicarse taladros mecánicamente o por medio del láser en los
anillos 2 para insertar los largueros en ellos.
Las Figuras 4 y 5 ilustran un extensor vascular
1' representado en una forma particular en la que podría
construirse; es decir, una forma de estructura inicial.
Concretamente, en las Figs. 4 y 5 puede apreciarse que esta forma
inicial de extensor vascular 1' consiste en una pluralidad de
elipses u óvalos paralelos 2', todos los cuales presentan una misma
dimensión de eje menor m y una misma dimensión de eje mayor M. El
eje menor del óvalo pasa por el centro de los largueros 4L y 4R. El
eje mayor del óvalo pasa por el centro de los largueros 4T y 4B. Es
importante observar que, si se desea obtener un diámetro final D
(tal como puede verse en la Fig. 2) en el anillo 2 una vez que esté
totalmente desplegado, se puede indicar que D se puede obtener de la
ecuación D^{2} = 1/2 (m^{2} + M^{2}).
Para situar el extensor vascular según el diseño
de las Figs. 4 y 5 sobre un globo que está colocado próximo al
extremo distante de un catéter de implantación del extensor
vascular, es necesario plegar los óvalos 2' sobre dicho globo.
Concretamente, el extensor vascular cilíndrico 1' de desplegado
previo puede formarse sobre un globo expansible 6 como puede verse
en la Fig. 6, plegando los óvalos 2' sobre la línea de puntos F
(que es el eje menor del óvalo 2'), como se muestra en la Fig. 5.
Concretamente, como puede apreciarse en la Fig. 4, podrían
mantenerse fijas la parte superior y la parte inferior del óvalo
2', mientras que los largueros laterales 4R y 4L se desplazan hacia
la izquierda, dando como resultado la estructura de desplegado
previo que se muestra en el extensor vascular 1'' de la Fig. 6. En
un diseño óptimo, los óvalos plegados 2'' están como se muestra en
la Fig. 6, en la que el extensor vascular 1'' es un cilindro cuyo
diámetro exterior presenta un tamaño igual a la dimensión del eje
menor m. Cuando se expande el globo 6 de la Fig. 6, la estructura
de desplegado previo del extensor vascular 1'' forma la estructura
de desplegado del extensor vascular 1 que tiene los anillos
circulares 2 tal como se representan en las Figs. 1 y 2.
El extensor vascular 1''' es una forma de
realización alternativa de una estructura de desplegado previo de
un extensor vascular tal como se sitúa sobre un globo.
Específicamente, la Fig. 7 muestra 2 anillos plegados 2''' de un
extensor vascular de anillos múltiples 1'''. El extensor vascular
1''' se ha formado manteniendo fijas la parte superior y la
inferior del extensor vascular 1' de la Fig. 4 mientras se desplaza
el larguero 4R hacia la izquierda y el larguero 4L hacia la
derecha. Al igual que el extensor vascular 1'' de la Fig. 6, cuando
se monta sobre un globo, el extensor vascular 1''' tiene forma
cilíndrica con un diámetro igual a la dimensión m.
Las Figs. 1 a 7 inclusive ilustran extensores
vasculares que emplean largueros que están formados por alambres en
general rectos. La Fig. 8 muestra una forma de realización de un
extensor vascular 10 según la presente invención que tiene dos
largueros ondulantes. Específicamente, el larguero lateral izquierdo
14L (representado en líneas de trazos) y el larguero lateral
derecho 14R son ambos largueros de forma ondulada. Un extensor
vascular tal como el extensor vascular 10 podría tener dos o más
largueros ondulantes. Un extensor vascular de este tipo puede
plegarse con mayor facilidad durante la inserción dentro de un vaso
y es más fácilmente adaptable para su colocación en vasos curvos
tales como ciertas arterias coronarias.
Normalmente, los anillos y los largueros de los
extensores vasculares se hacen del mismo material. Los metales más
comúnmente usados para el extensor vascular son acero inoxidable,
tántalo, titanio, o un metal con memoria de forma tal como Nitinol.
Si se utiliza el Nitinol, el extensor vascular sufriría un
tratamiento térmico de tal manera que su forma a la temperatura del
cuerpo adquiera la de los anillos 2 circulares, tales como los
representados en las Figs. 1 y 2. Los anillos podrían deformarse
entonces formando óvalos tales como los representados en las Figs.
4 y 5 y montarse a continuación en un catéter de implantación de
extensor vascular sin utilizar un globo, sino que presentaría la
forma más general descrita en la patente citada anteriormente U.S.
nº 4.553.545 de C.T. Dotter. Un tal diseño proporcionaría la
deseada estructura del extensor vascular con una pluralidad de
anillos generalmente circulares, en lugar del diseño de Dotter en
forma de un muelle helicoidal que, inherentemente, tiene una menor
resistencia anular.
Debe tenerse en cuenta que, una vez que los
óvalos están plegados sobre un catéter de implantación del extensor
vascular, cuando se despliegan totalmente, no forman anillos
perfectamente circulares como se muestra en la Fig. 2, sino que más
bien son de forma generalmente circular. Las desviaciones
relativamente pequeñas de la forma exactamente circular, no reducen
apreciablemente la resistencia anular puesto que, de hecho, son
estructuras cerradas casi exactamente circulares.
También debe tenerse en cuenta que por lo menos
una parte de los anillos extremos del extensor vascular podrían
estar fabricados o recubiertos de un metal opaco a los rayos tal
como el tántalo o el oro, para proporcionar una indicación
fluoroscópica de la posición del extensor vascular dentro del vaso.
Sin embargo, los restantes anillos y los largueros pueden hacerse de
un metal mucho menos denso para producir un menor oscurecimiento de
la zona central del extensor vascular. Por ejemplo, los anillos y
largueros del extensor vascular podrían estar fabricados todos
ellos de titanio o de una aleación de titanio, a excepción de los
anillos extremos que podrían estar construidos de oro placado
posteriormente con titanio. De este modo, toda la superficie
exterior del extensor vascular sería de titanio que, como es sabido,
es un metal comparativamente no trombogénico, mientras que el otro
anillo extremo proporcionaría una imagen fluoroscópica mejorada de
los extremos del extensor vascular.
Las dimensiones de los anillos del extensor
vascular normalmente son de 0,1 a 0,3 mm de grueso, con una anchura
de 0,1 a 0,5 mm y un diámetro exterior D entre 2,0 y 30,0 mm, según
sea el diámetro de la luz del vaso en el que se inserte. La
longitud del extensor vascular podría oscilar entre 1 y 10 cm. El
diámetro del alambre para los largueros estaría normalmente entre
0,05 y 0,5 mm.
Aunque los diseños de las figuras 1 a 7 inclusive
ilustran unos largueros independientes fijados a una pluralidad de
anillos, la presente invención también contempla una estructura
inicial de extensor vascular producida por erosión química a partir
de un tubo de paredes delgadas, que presente una sección
transversal ovalada. De este modo, los óvalos y los largueros
estarían formados de una sola pieza metálica, evitando así la
necesidad de fijar los largueros a los anillos. De modo análogo
podría utilizarse el láser o el mecanizado EMD (por electroerosión)
para formar el extensor vascular partiendo de un tubo de paredes
delgadas.
Debe señalarse, además, que podría formarse una
estructura de extensor vascular de desplegado previo 20 como se
muestra en la Fig. 9, partiendo de un tubo cilíndrico de paredes
delgadas cuyo diámetro interior sea ligeramente menor que el
diámetro exterior del globo 6 representado en la Fig. 6. Un patrón
tal como el que se representa en cualquiera de las Figs. 6 ó 7
podría ser realizado en un cilindro metálico de pared delgada por
fotoabrasión. La estructura de una sola pieza 20 representada en la
Fig. 9 tiene dos óvalos plegados 22 y los largueros 23T, 24B, 24R y
24L (este último no representado). Dicha estructura de esplegado
previo 20 podría montarse después en un globo expandible,
presentando el extensor vascular suficiente recuperación elástica
para aferrarse firmemente sobre el globo.
Según lo anterior, se ha descrito en la presente
invención una estructura de extensor vascular para mantener en
estado abierto la luz de un vaso de un cuerpo humano, presentando
la estructura de extensor vascular una pluralidad de estructuras
formando largueros que presentan una forma ondulada con el fin de
potenciar la flexibilidad longitudinal.
A la luz de las anteriores enseñanzas, son
posibles, por supuesto, otras diversas modificaciones, adaptaciones
y diseños alternativos dentro del alcance de la invención tal y
como se expone en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Claims (9)
1. Estructura de extensor vascular de desplegado
posterior (10) para el mantenimiento en estado abierto de la luz de
un vaso del cuerpo humano, presentando la estructura de extensor
vascular (10) un eje longitudinal y comprendiendo una pluralidad de
primeras estructuras de alambre que forman unos largueros (14L,
14R), que se extienden longitudinalmente con respecto al eje
longitudinal y una pluralidad de segundas estructuras de alambre que
se extienden alrededor del eje longitudinal, formando cada
pluralidad de las segundas estructuras un anillo circular
generalmente cerrado alrededor del eje longitudinal, estando unidas
de manera fija las primeras estructuras a las segundas estructuras
a unas posiciones respectivas alrededor del eje longitudinal y por
lo menos presentan dos largueros con una forma ondulada con el fin
de potenciar la flexibilidad longitudinal.
2. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según la
reivindicación 1, en la que dichas segundas estructuras comprenden
un par de elementos (12) desplazados longitudinalmente, estando
fijados dichos largueros (14) a dichos elementos.
3. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según la
reivindicación 2, en la que dichas segundas estructuras comprenden
un par de elementos (12) extremos opuestos que presentan un valor
de radioopacidad diferente al valor de radioopacidad de otros
elementos (12) que forman dichas segundas estructuras.
4. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según la
reivindicación 2 ó 3, en la que dichos elementos (12) comprenden
una composición metálica.
5. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en la que dichos
largueros comprenden una composición metálica.
6. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en la que dicha
estructura de extensor vascular (10) está formada a partir de un
metal que presenta la característica de memoria de forma.
7. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en la que, entre las
dos segundas estructuras, dicha primera estructura (14L, 14R) que
forma un larguero con una estructura ondulante (14L, 14R) presenta
un tramo ondulante dispuesto entre dos tramos rectos, siendo los
tramos rectos generalmente paralelos al eje longitudinal del
extensor vascular y, presentando el tramo ondulante una forma
generalmente curvada a fin de permitir que cada estructura
longitudinal ondulante cambie fácilmente su longitud durante la
inserción de la estructura de extensor vascular en un vaso curvado
de un cuerpo humano.
8. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según la
reivindicación 7, en la que dicho tramo ondulante se extiende
primero en un sentido circunferencial y después se extiende en el
sentido circunferencial opuesto.
9. Estructura de extensor vascular (10) según la
reivindicación 7 u 8, en la que por lo menos dos de dichas primeras
estructuras comprenden cada una una serie de tramos ondulantes
entre las respectivas segundas estructuras.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US202128 | 1994-02-25 | ||
US08/202,128 US5643312A (en) | 1994-02-25 | 1994-02-25 | Stent having a multiplicity of closed circular structures |
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ES2141576T3 ES2141576T3 (es) | 2000-03-16 |
ES2141576T5 true ES2141576T5 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
Family
ID=22748604
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES95301035T Expired - Lifetime ES2116680T3 (es) | 1994-02-25 | 1995-02-17 | Extensor vascular provisto de una pluralidad de estructuras circulares cerradas. |
ES97202628T Expired - Lifetime ES2141576T5 (es) | 1994-02-25 | 1995-02-17 | Extensor vascular. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES95301035T Expired - Lifetime ES2116680T3 (es) | 1994-02-25 | 1995-02-17 | Extensor vascular provisto de una pluralidad de estructuras circulares cerradas. |
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US (9) | US5879370A (es) |
AT (2) | ATE188863T1 (es) |
CA (2) | CA2363876C (es) |
DE (2) | DE69502746T2 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2116680T3 (es) |
PT (1) | PT821920E (es) |
SI (2) | SI0669114T1 (es) |
TW (1) | TW309436B (es) |
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-
1995
- 1995-02-17 AT AT97202628T patent/ATE188863T1/de active
- 1995-02-17 DE DE69502746T patent/DE69502746T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-17 ES ES95301035T patent/ES2116680T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-17 ES ES97202628T patent/ES2141576T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-17 SI SI9530130T patent/SI0669114T1/xx unknown
- 1995-02-17 AT AT95301035T patent/ATE166782T1/de active
- 1995-02-17 SI SI9530370T patent/SI0821920T2/sl unknown
- 1995-02-17 DE DE69514690T patent/DE69514690T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-17 PT PT97202628T patent/PT821920E/pt unknown
- 1995-02-20 CA CA002363876A patent/CA2363876C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-20 CA CA002365162A patent/CA2365162C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-29 TW TW084108981A patent/TW309436B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 US US08/864,221 patent/US5879370A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-05 US US09/263,518 patent/US6086604A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-06-16 US US09/596,074 patent/US6547817B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-10-26 US US09/983,837 patent/US20020052646A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2003
- 2003-01-16 US US10/345,531 patent/US6716240B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-15 US US10/662,792 patent/US20040230294A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-07-12 US US11/179,424 patent/US20050246011A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-05-18 US US11/804,710 patent/US8157856B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-09-30 US US12/286,558 patent/US8747452B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT821920E (pt) | 2000-04-28 |
DE69502746T2 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
US20020052646A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
US20070255384A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CA2363876C (en) | 2004-04-13 |
CA2365162A1 (en) | 1995-08-26 |
US20090105807A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
DE69514690T3 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
DE69514690D1 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
US5879370A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
SI0669114T1 (en) | 1999-02-28 |
US6547817B1 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
DE69502746D1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
TW309436B (es) | 1997-07-01 |
ES2141576T3 (es) | 2000-03-16 |
US8747452B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
US6086604A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
SI0821920T1 (en) | 2000-04-30 |
SI0821920T2 (sl) | 2006-08-31 |
CA2363876A1 (en) | 1995-08-26 |
ES2116680T3 (es) | 1998-07-16 |
US20050246011A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
ATE188863T1 (de) | 2000-02-15 |
CA2365162C (en) | 2003-04-01 |
US20030114868A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
US20040230294A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
ATE166782T1 (de) | 1998-06-15 |
DE69514690T2 (de) | 2000-09-07 |
US6716240B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 |
US8157856B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
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