Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
  • B61L15/0072—On-board train data handling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
  • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
  • B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
  • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
  • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B35/00—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes
  • E01B35/06—Applications of measuring apparatus or devices for track-building purposes for measuring irregularities in longitudinal direction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
  • G01B11/022—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by means of tv-camera scanning

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for non-contact detection of a position of a measuring device that can be moved on a track by means of a rail carriage in relation to at least one rail of the track, a projection of a laser beam projected onto the at least one rail being recorded by means of a camera.
• the invention relates to a device that is set up to carry out the method.
• Measuring devices are usually used, which are arranged on rail vehicles and can therefore be moved on the track.
• Special track measuring vehicles have numerous measuring devices whose measurement results are combined to form an overall picture of the condition of the track. It is necessary to precisely record the position of the respective measuring device relative to at least one rail of the track in order to be able to derive an absolute or relative track position or signs of wear.
• Corresponding measuring devices are also used to record a track width or a track width profile, with the position relative to both rails being evaluated.
• the invention is based on the object of improving a method of the type mentioned in that the degree of automation is increased. A corresponding device must also be specified.
• the projection is projected onto the rail and onto the inside of a wheel of the rail undercarriage, with a detected position of the measuring device with respect to the inside of the wheel being evaluated by means of an evaluation device.
• This method uses the inside of the wheel disk as a reference basis for determining at least one position value of the measuring device.
• a mounting angle of the measuring device can also be detected, in particular due to the known alignment of the inside of the wheel. Any rate of change of the inner surface of the wheel is extremely small and can, if necessary, also be determined during operation. This self-monitoring of the measuring system avoids erroneous detection of the position in relation to the assigned rail.
• the position of the measuring device relative to the inside of the wheel is recorded for the automated calibration of the measuring device, with the evaluation device being used to compare a recorded distance and/or angle of the measuring device relative to the inside of the wheel with a stored value.
• the measuring device itself determines its position in space. This is particularly useful after replacing a sensor or readjusting the measuring device.
• the position relative to both rails of the track is detected by means of two coupled measuring devices and the track width of the track is determined therefrom.
• the respective measuring device determines its position in relation to the assigned wheel disc.
• a resulting offset measure serves as a basis for deriving the total track width.
• the position of the respective measuring device relative to the inside of the assigned wheel is recorded for the automated calibration of both measuring devices, with the evaluation device being used to compare a recorded distance and/or angle of the respective measuring device relative to the assigned inside of the wheel with a stored value becomes.
• the alignment of the wheels arranged on a common wheel axle always remains constant. Any deviations over time are negligible, which is why a permanent reference basis is available with the insides of the pair of wheels.
• the device according to the invention for non-contact detection of a position of a measuring device relative to a rail of a track comprises the measuring device and a rail carriage that can be moved on the track and to which the measuring device is coupled, the measuring device comprising a laser device for projecting a laser beam and a camera for recording of the projection and is aligned with respect to the rail undercarriage in such a way that the laser beam can be projected both onto the rail and onto the inside of a wheel of the rail undercarriage, and an evaluation device for evaluating a detected position of the measuring device with respect to the inside of the wheel is arranged.
• a known light section sensor laser scanner, mirror scanner
• the arrangement of the measuring device and the evaluation device, which is set up to determine the position of the measuring device in relation to the inner surface of the wheel, is new.
• the measuring device comprises a closed housing with at least one viewing window for the laser beam and for a detection area of the camera. This protects the sensors of the measuring device from disruptive environmental influences, in particular from moisture, dust and solar radiation.
• At least one measuring device is arranged on a common measuring frame for each rail of the track.
• the common measuring frame forms a rigid base for the measuring devices, so that the position of the measuring devices in relation to one another remains unchanged.
• an inertial measurement unit (Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU) for detecting a trajectory is arranged on the measurement frame.
• IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
• the course of the rails can be recorded in addition to the position of the rails in relation to the measuring units and the track width.
• a trajectory for each rail is derived from the trajectory recorded with the inertial measuring unit via the measurement results of the respective measuring device.
• a further improvement provides that an automated calibration routine is set up in the evaluation device, with which a detected distance and/or angle of the respective measuring device to the assigned inner wheel surface can be compared with a stored value. This auto-calibration enables the device to be operated with sufficiently precise measurement accuracy even after interference.
• Fig. 1 rail vehicle 2 measurement arrangement in an oblique view
• FIG. 1 shows as device 1 a rail vehicle with a measuring platform on which four measuring devices 2 are arranged.
• a measuring frame 4 arranged on a rail chassis 3 serves as the measuring platform.
• a vehicle frame 5 serves as the measuring platform.
• the rail vehicle is, for example, a track measuring vehicle that has additional measuring devices (e.g. ultrasonic measuring devices for examining the rail material, rotating lasers, etc.).
• an inertial measuring unit 6 for detecting a trajectory 7 is arranged on the measuring frame 4 .
• the device 1 is a hand-held measuring vehicle with a rail chassis 3 and at least one measuring device 2.
• the measuring device 2 coupled to the rail chassis 3 is moved along a track 8.
• the measuring device 2 serves to determine the position relative to at least one rail 9 of the track 8.
• four measuring devices 2 are arranged on the common rigid measuring frame 4. The exact position of all measuring devices 2 relative to the rails 9 of track 8 is thus recorded.
• the respective measuring device 2 is designed as a light section sensor and comprises a laser device 10, a camera 11 and a control device 12.
• the laser device 10 comprises a laser source 13 and a deflection mirror 14.
• the laser device 10 projects a fanned-out laser beam 15 a rail head inner edge 16 of the rail 9.
• the laser source 13 is designed as a so-called line laser.
• a special optic produces a line-shaped projection 17 instead of a point, various geometric shapes being possible.
• linear Projection 17 makes sense, for example, as a simple line, a rectangle or a triangle.
• the projection 17 is projected not only onto the rail 9 but also onto an inside 18 of a wheel 19 of the rail carriage 3 .
• the section projected onto the inside of the wheel 18 is captured by the camera 11 .
• a detection area 20 of the camera 11 is aimed both at the rail 9 and at the inside 18 of the wheel.
• the position of the measuring device 2 with respect to the inner surface 18 of the wheel is determined in an evaluation device 21 by means of photogrammetry.
• a combined control and evaluation device 12, 21 with a powerful microprocessor is arranged in the measuring device 2 itself.
• the evaluation device 21 can also be set up in a separate computer unit 22 in the rail vehicle.
• the recorded data is stored on a data carrier.
• the data are then evaluated in a control center in an evaluation device 21 .
• the data are preferably linked to a respective location coordinate, which is recorded, for example, by means of a GNSS system or a displacement sensor.
• the measurement data is transmitted to a control center via an air interface and evaluated there.
• Location data and track width data that have already been evaluated in real time can also be transmitted to a control center and used for maintenance planning.
• the measuring device 2 can be integrated into a measuring system of a railway construction machine.
• the measurement data can then be used directly for various maintenance measures, for example for measuring or re-measuring a track when tamping or cleaning the ballast bed.
• Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the laser device 10 and the camera 11 of a single measuring device 2 in relation to an associated wheel 19 of the rail chassis 3.
• the laser source 13 projects via the deflection mirror 14 shows a projection 17 onto the inside edge 16 of the rail head and simultaneously onto the inside surface 18 of the wheel 19.
• the section projected onto the wheel 19 is a straight line.
• a zero point 23 and a coordinate system xyz are defined in the measuring device 2 .
• the inner surface 18 of the wheel 19 is a plane in which the projected straight line lies.
• a normal distance a between the zero point 23 and the inner surface 18 of the wheel 19 can be determined via this relationship in the evaluation device 21 by means of photogrammetry.
• an angle a can be determined, which indicates the inclination of the measuring device 2 relative to the inner surface 18 .
• the angle a includes a coordinate axis z and a normal to the inner surface 18 .
• a measuring device 2 is assigned to each rail 9 here.
• a distance ai, 32 from the assigned inner wheel surface 18 is determined for each measuring device 2 using the described measuring method.
• a distance c of the measuring device 2 from one another results from the known constant inner distance b of the wheel discs 19 .
• each measuring device 2 can be recalibrated after a sensor exchange or a fastening adjustment.
• recalibration can be carried out at any time.
• the track width s of the track 8 can subsequently be determined by evaluating the projections 17 onto the inside edges 16 of the rail head.
• a method for determining the position of a light section sensor in relation to an inner edge 16 of the rail head is known, for example, from AT 520266 A1.
• Fig. 4 shows the exemplary device 1 in a plan view.
• Two measuring devices 2 are assigned to each rail 9 at a fixed distance d from one another.
• Each measuring device 2 includes its own laser device 10 which projects a projection 17 onto the assigned rail 9 and onto the assigned inner surface 18 of the wheel. The position of each measuring device 2 can thus be calibrated separately.
• All measuring devices 2 are arranged on the common measuring frame 4 .
• This measuring frame 4 is coupled directly to the wheel axles 24 of the wheels 19 of the rail undercarriage 3 . As a result, spring deflections of the rail undercarriage 3 have no influence on the position of the measuring frame 4 relative to the rails 9.
• the measuring frame 4 can therefore be used as a reference plane for the track measurement.
• the track width s is measured simultaneously with this device 1 at a distance d in two places.
• the course of the rails 9 can thus be determined from a standstill at a low forward speed without detecting the trajectory 7 .
• the trajectory 7 recorded by means of the inertial measuring unit 6 can be transmitted to each rail 9 via the measured values recorded by means of the measuring devices 2 .
• the rail chassis 3 loads the track 8 during a measurement run.
• the track geometry measurement is thus carried out under realistic loads.
• a compensation of spring deflections or movements of a car body 25 is not required.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
• Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2021
  • 2021-12-22 AT ATA51038/2021A patent/AT525772A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 2021-12-22 AT ATGM8034/2023U patent/AT18141U1/de unknown
• 2022
  • 2022-12-19 US US18/723,556 patent/US20250050920A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-19 EP EP22836197.8A patent/EP4452728A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-12-19 JP JP2024538058A patent/JP2025500444A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-12-19 WO PCT/EP2022/086562 patent/WO2023117846A1/de not_active Ceased

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