EP4407111A1

EP4407111A1 - Set of prefabricated construction elements

Info

Publication number: EP4407111A1
Application number: EP23460038.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rafal Hadera; Radoslaw Bankowski
Original assignee: Wood Core House Sp Z OO
Current assignee: Wood Core House Sp Z OO
Priority date: 2022-11-10
Filing date: 2023-11-10
Publication date: 2024-07-31
Also published as: PL442779A1

Abstract

A set of prefabricated construction elements belonging to a series of types of construction elements formed from wood and/or engineered wood, intended for erecting modular walls and modular buildings, characterised in that it comprises: at least one adjustable ground beam (PD) (21), at least one column (S) (19), at least one full module (MP) (1), at least one door module (MD) (5), at least one girt (O) (20).

Description

The subject of the application is a set of prefabricated construction elements belonging to a series of types of construction elements enabling the erection of modular walls and modular buildings.
The set of prefabricated construction elements comprises elements formed primarily from wood and/or engineered wood. The said elements can be used to construct walls and thereby design and erect buildings, particularly modular buildings (both single- and multifamily).
Sets of prefabricated construction elements enabling the erection of prefabricated buildings, prefabricated elements used for erecting prefabricated buildings as well as prefabricated buildings erected from prefabricated elements or comprising prefabricated elements coupled in a specific way are known from the current state of technology.
For example, an invention submitted under the patent number P.305587 is known, describing a set of construction elements comprising a corner wall element, a central wall element with an internal lattice rib system and a central wall element with a perpendicular internal rib system. The central wall element comprises a channel in the shape of a regular hexagon, and the corner wall element comprises ports located in the internal ribs.
The invention known from patent PL160641 describes a set of prefabricated construction elements for erecting frame structures comprising a column element for erecting corner columns, a column element for erecting intermediate columns, a pillar element, a lintel-transom element with a jamb and a lintel-transom element with a jamb and a gate, characterised in that the elements comprise at least two external connection cut-outs located on their side planes, further comprising insulation holes and construction spaces, wherein in the column element for erecting corner columns the connection cut-outs are located on its two adjacent sides for connections through a filling wall with the column element for erecting intermediate columns, wherein the connection cut-outs are located on its two opposite sides, as well as with the pillar element, wherein the connection cut-outs are located on its one side, and in the crowning frame structure with lintel-transom elements with a jamb and lintel-transom elements with a jamb and a gate the connection cut-outs are located in their lateral planes.
The invention known from the application documentation of patent P.390240 describes a set of prefabricated construction elements using unified blocks, comprising at least one coupling block with a cross-section similar in shape to the letter "H" or a channel-like block with a cross-section similar in shape to the letter "C" or a basic block or a left corner block or a right corner block or a small block with a cross-section similar in shape to the letter "L" or a recessed block or a foundation block or a beam. A method for erecting buildings using prefabricated construction elements is also known, comprising placing basic blocks in sequence so that a recess of one of the said blocks is inserted into a recess of another block corresponding to its shape and size, wherein cement is inserted into a gap constituting a free space formed between the said two blocks, further comprising moving another layer of blocks by half a length of a block relative to a previous layer, wherein the building corner itself is constructed by alternating the left corner blocks and right corner blocks, wherein inlets and outlets of the blocks are appropriately placed and matched. Two or three coupling blocks with a cross-section similar in shape to the letter "H" are inserted next to each other in a sequence of basic blocks that form a wall, wherein while placing their successive layers they are inserted with generally vertically aligned reinforcement.
A set of building elements useful for erecting individual buildings using the dry method is known from the application documentation of invention P.414177 . The set of building elements comprises building blocks, fasteners and facing panels with joint layers. A building block comprising vertical honeycomb channels comprises a honeycomb layer on at least one face, further comprising facing panels with hexagonal connectors further comprising connecting layers. The connectors are also used to vertically couple the building blocks.
An element of building construction is known from the description of invention PL225253 , comprising vertical structural posts embedded in horizontal beams with insulating material placed between them, characterised in that vertical solid wood posts are permanently embedded in settling seats of horizontal solid wood beams and coupled with screws, thereby forming a load-bearing frame, wherein filling is formed from insulation panels in the form of a box segment with an external masking wall with an outline corresponding to a shape of a rectangular load-bearing frame, wherein the box segment comprises peripheral profile indentations for seals and is filled with insulation material, and the insulation panels formed from particle board are filled with insulation material, preferably wood wool, and the insulation panels comprise window and door joinery elements. This invention solves the problem of building constructions for erecting building walls with particularly favourable building and physiological properties, where the walls are fully open to diffusion, and the thermal insulation coefficient is over twice as low as in a building structure made of solid wood.
A set of building modules forming wall and floor structures is known from the application documentation of invention P.376199 , characterised in that it comprises a wall module, a roof module and a lintel module, wherein the wall module comprises a rectangular wooden frame coupled to metal angle braces on at least one side, preferably located along its diagonal lines, wherein chambers formed within the said frame are filled with insulating panel elements, which are coupled by adhesion with a panel element formed from a fibre cement panel or from plywood with an insulating panel element coupled with it by adhesion, wherein from the other side the insulating panel elements and the wooden frame are coupled by adhesion with an insulating panel element coupled externally by adhesion with a gypsum fibre board or plasterboard element.
An element of building construction is known from the application documentation of invention P.394955, characterised in that vertical beams are permanently coupled by means of coupling panels, preferably nail plates, with terminal lateral diaphragms and a central lateral diaphragm, forming a frame in a shape of a cuboid frame wherein space between the said elements is filled with insulating material, preferably wood wool. This invention solves the problem of building constructions for erecting building walls with particularly favourable building and physiological properties, where the walls are fully open to diffusion and exhibit a thermal insulation coefficient with very beneficial parameters.
A wall element for wall construction is known from the application documentation of invention P.317648, comprising thermal insulation and additional insulation in the form of panels as well as supports comprising vertical support pillars, wherein the said pillars can be at least partially inserted in thermal insulation panel grooves. The thermal insulation comprises a panel formed from expanded plastic, comprising grooves located on at least one side with vertical orientation and in lateral spacing, wherein the vertical support pillars of the wall element can be installed by nailing or by another similar method to vertically oriented construction ribs located in the same place on the other side of the thermal insulation panel. The groove depth in the thermal insulation panel surface is selected so that after installation at the bottom of a groove, a vertical support pillar extends from the thermal insulation panel surface to a height equal to the thickness of the additional layer of thermal insulation. The vertical sides of the thermal insulation panel comprise grooves and appropriate protrusions for coupling thermal insulation panels adjoining to the wall elements by means of a tongue and groove joint.
A prefabricated wall for erecting buildings with different purposes and various thermal insulation coefficients is known from the application documentation of invention P.298831. The wall may exhibit the character of a filling wall for the frame structures of buildings, a curtain wall, a partition wall or a structural wall, particularly in low buildings. The wall construction comprises prefabricated channel slabs coupled in a vertical joint using screws by means of an insert. The insert enables the dry installation of external finishing elements and internal finishing elements such as plasterboard, wainscot etc..
A building element is known from the application documentation of invention P.413588, comprising walls forming together a form for a filling material, characterised in that each wall is made of a profile that is U-shaped or with arms parallel to each other and perpendicular to the base of the U-shaped profile, the profile arms being shorter than the base, wherein the profiles of adjacent walls are coupled to each other by means of connectors, so that each profile comprises at least one arm coupled directly by a connector to the base of the adjacent profile.
Other solutions concerning prefabricated building constructions are also known, for example: US2883711A , FR2941249 , CN113914523A , CN113882446A , CN214117496U , CN111809765A , CN111779275A , CN111456432A , CN210944503U , CN111305556A , RS20160122A1 , CN209817465U , CN110424531A , CN110304538A , CN109930687A , CN108643403A , CN108374506A , CN304170668S , CN106149868A , RU2538573C1 , FR2905131A1 , DE202004008163U1 , FR2838765A3 , DE19927817A1 , DE19832410A1 , FR2722228A1 , KR19960008237U , ES1029330 UA, US4858398A , US4455793A , DE2719296A1 , FR2444760A1 , FR2439848A1 , US4154030A , PH12502A , US3783563A , GB1481376A , GB1476959A , PH10543A , AU197464919A1 , US3828496A , US3623288A , US3751865A , DE2141268A1 , DE7131525U , GB1229921A , US3492767A , US3457698A , US3352073A , US3281999A , US3269069A , CA723349A , GB958125A , US3122223A , CA648208A , US2989155A , ES257932A1 , CA590416A , CA581859A , US2883711A , CA567713A , US2854841A , GB745588A , US2692408A , US2375910A , US2365579A , US2331752A , US2260353A , US2138958A .
However, the sets of prefabricated construction elements enabling the erection of prefabricated buildings, prefabricated elements used for erecting prefabricated buildings as well as buildings erected from such prefabricated elements or comprising such prefabricated elements as known from the current state of technology exhibit considerable disadvantages. These include but are not limited to the following:

the necessity to use heavy machinery, e.g. a crane, due to the large dimensions and/or mass of the utilised elements;
the necessity to conduct complex and time-consuming calculations at the stage of designing a building from such elements;
difficulties in transporting the elements due to their mass and dimensions;
difficulties in storing the elements, particularly due to their dimensions;
difficulties in adapting the elements to the specific orders of customers (low system flexibility, necessity to manufacture non-standard elements etc.). This factor has an adverse influence on the time required to finish an order (by considerably extending the processing time) and also increases the costs of the entire work.

Therefore there is a need for developing a solution that would eliminate or at least minimise the inconveniences presented by the solutions known from the current state of technology, particularly: by at least minimising the number of heavy machines required at the construction site, by making transportation easier and/or more efficient, by making storage easier and/or more efficient, by making design easier and/or more efficient, by making installation/construction easier and/or more efficient.
The above goal is accomplished by the solution according to the invention, which is a set of prefabricated construction elements belonging to a series of types of construction elements formed from wood and/or engineered wood intended for erecting modular walls and modular buildings. The nature of the invention is that it comprises:

at least one adjustable ground beam (PD);
at least one column (S);
at least one full module (MP);
at least one door module (MD);
at least one girt (O);

wherein all the elements specified above are elements the closest geometrically to cuboid bodies in shapes of flat cuboids;
wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise load-bearing frames within the following ranges of dimensions:
- height from 40 cm to 320 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 275 cm,
- width from 40 cm to 400 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 187.5 cm or 250 cm or 275 cm or 312.5 cm,
- thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm;
wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise sheathing panels with a length greater than the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm;
wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise load-bearing frame elements formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber;
wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise a sheathing panel formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, including plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement;
wherein the following conditions are retained for the full modules (MP):
- the height of the load-bearing frame ranges within 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm,
- the width of the load-bearing frame ranges within 40 cm to 400 cm, wherein:
- the width of the full modules (MP) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm,
- the width of the door modules (MD) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm,

In the solution described above, the adjustable ground beam (PD) is in a form of an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 40 cm to 350 cm, preferably 300 cm, a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm, and it comprises at least one adjustment system, preferably two or three adjustment systems, in a form of a mechanical anchor for installation in a foundation, further comprising two muffs with threaded bars, installed in anchor holes and in muff holes, wherein an element comprising a main part of the adjustable ground beam (PD) in volumetric terms is formed from a material capable of withstanding compressive stress generated by other elements of a building as well as external loads, such as wood or engineered wood, preferably BSH glued wood.
In the solution described above, the column (S) is an oblong vertical structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a height ranging within 50 cm to 350 cm, preferably 275 cm, and a width ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm.
In the solution described above, the full module (MP) is in a form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in shapes of flat cuboids, which comprise: a lower beam and an upper beam separated by side columns and a reinforcing column, located in an axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame, at coupling spots of individual constituent elements, the said load-bearing frame preferably being coupled by nailing and rigid/covered with a sheathing panel coupled along the said structural elements, preferably by means of construction staples, wherein the length of the sheathing panel exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, thereby forming a protrusion from a side of the lower beam, wherein the dimensions of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) are within the following ranges: height from 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, width from 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, wherein the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) are formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber, wherein the sheathing panel is formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, such as plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement, wherein the full module (MP) comprises mounting holes in the side columns.
In the solution described above, an internal side of the full module (MP), that is a space limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) - the lower beam, the upper beam, the side columns, the reinforcing column - can comprise filling by a thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
In the solution described above, the door module (MD) is in a form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in shapes of flat cuboids, which comprise: a lower beam and an upper beam separated by side columns and preferably two reinforcing columns located along the side columns, supporting lintel beams, over which in an axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame is located another, preferably third reinforcing column, at coupling spots of individual constituent elements, the said load-bearing frame preferably being coupled by nailing and rigid/covered with a sheathing panel coupled along the said structural elements, preferably by means of construction staples, retaining a door opening, wherein the length of the sheathing panel exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, thereby forming a protrusion from a side of the lower beam, wherein the dimensions of the load-bearing frame are within the following ranges: height from 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, width from 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, wherein the elements of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) are formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber, wherein the sheathing panel is formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, such as plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement.
In the solution described above, an internal side of the door module (MD), that is a space outside the door opening, limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) - the upper beam, the side columns, another, preferably third reinforcing column, the lintel beam - can comprise filling by a thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
In the solution described above, the girt (O) is an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 30 cm to 600 cm, preferably 505 cm, and a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 6 cm.
In the solution described above, the ground beam is in a form of an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 30 cm to 600 cm, preferably 505 cm, and a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 6 cm, wherein the said ground beam is formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber.
The solution according to the invention described above minimises all the inconveniences presented by the solutions known from the current state of technology, particularly by: making it possible to minimise the number of heavy machines required at the construction site or even eliminating the need for their use, making transportation easier and more efficient, making storage easier and more efficient, making design easier and more efficient, making installation/construction easier and more efficient.
Minimising the inconveniences of the solutions known from the current state of technology also had a beneficial effect on the costs. A reduction was achieved in the costs related to renting specialist equipment, transport (the elements can be moved by means of smaller cars, specialist equipment is not required; the elements can be carried manually by as few as two persons - using lifts is not required; the element shape (flat cuboids) enables the maximum use of the cargo space of the means of transport; all this results in significant financial benefits), storage (better use of storage space - the same space can now store significantly more elements; the elements can be stacked upon one another, in piles; the elements are smaller relative to other sets - smaller storage space can be rented; all this results in additional financial benefits), design - the process was significantly shortened and simplified (the time required for design calculations was shortened - the decisive factor is the repeatability of the dimensions as well as the known and predictable strength parameters of the elements, which simply need to be correctly input into the employed software - no additional calculations required, simplification), manufacturing - difficulties in adapting the elements to a customer's specific order were eliminated (the flexibility of the system was increased, manufacturing non-standard elements is not required, etc.) - consequently the order processing time was shortened and the processing costs were lowered.
The set according to the invention comprises elements with dimensions adapted simultaneously to convenient production, storage, manual transport, installation and finishing. Furthermore, the construction of each element ensures its appropriate strength and spatial integrity during the steps preceding the final installation. Thanks to the high quality and precision resulting from the preparation of the elements in the prefabrication plant, the elements fit together, thereby allowing less experienced personnel to perform the installation.
The above advantages were described in more detail below:

each element of the set is selected in such a way so as to enable its installation at the construction site without using heavy equipment in the form of a crane as well as to allow its manual transportation by two persons, as its mass does not exceed 100 kg. At the same time, the elements are prefabricated and fitted to each other, which makes installation considerably faster compared to the Canadian wood-frame. This also provides higher precision. The tested system is certainly an advantage, as it enabled the optimal selection of the joint elements in the form of nails and staples, which increased the spatial rigidity of the element and the entire building;
a part of the prefabricated construction elements according to the invention - the full module (MP) - comprises openings facilitating installation at the same height (for a structural wrench);
the set of prefabricated construction elements comprises elements of a series of types with one-sided sheathing by means of a structural panel, which provides the rigidity of the element. This saves time spent at the construction site by limiting the coupling of the sheathing panel at the site and also facilitates the transport of the modular elements by preventing the possibility of spatial integrity loss;
the solution according to the invention enables the positioning of the elements of the set on the ground beam. The set comprises a rectified ground beam and a system for its adjustment. The solution enables the installation of the ground beam on the groundslab in a way allowing the efficient levelling of deviations that appear on the surface of the slab. All the elements intended for the adjustment form an integral whole with the ground beam. No additional elements need to be provided at the construction site. The fast rate of this step is certainly an advantage. It should be noted that the installation of the ground beam on the groundslab is the most important step, where any potential minor shortcomings have a significant influence on the entire building;
the set of elements is spatially fitted, integral, interdependent and modular;
each internal wall branching off an external wall at an angle of 90 degrees begins with a supporting column consisting of two single sections with a preferable size of 8/16 cm, which makes it possible to retain the modular dimensions;
the cross-section of a single column element with a preferable size of 8/16 cm enables the modular (panel-based, repeatable) construction of a wall perpendicular to the external wall, thereby retaining the modularity of the entire building (the necessity of using non-standard elements was eliminated);
the construction frame formed from modules comprises wall load-bearing columns comprising single or double sections, wherein the total external cross-section is no smaller than 4/10 cm - this makes it possible to form the building without non-standard elements;
the set of elements (series of types) enables the composition of room plans forming rectangles - the wall width is modular in each direction;
by retaining the modularity of dimensions (according to the module catalogue), it is possible to replace any type of module in the wall with another (e.g. replace a full module (MP) with an opening module) - the solution becomes more functional as a consequence;
there is a flexible possibility of changing the location of the elements of the series of types in the set from full modules to elements with a window or door opening, or vice versa, depending on the technical conditions (architectural and structural requirements); the solution becomes more functional;
the elements in the set are relatively small and light - the dimensions and mass (under 100 kg) of each element constituting a part of a wall were adapted to be carried and installed by two persons; thereby the need to use specialist equipment (such as lifts) and tools facilitating work with the modules was eliminated; in the case of no road access or the presence of terrain obstacles, the elements in the set can be delivered manually to the construction site (high transport flexibility); the light and regular design of the elements enables very fast installation at the site (with no heavy equipment required);
the elements of the set are the closest geometrically to cuboid bodies - this enables the optimal use of storage and transport space; it also results in the maximum facilitation of compact transport and allows the highly efficient use of the cargo space of the means of transport;
the elements of the set can be stored and transported both vertically and horizontally, and all the elements of the set can be stacked on one another as well - this enables the optimal use of storage and transport space; it also results in the maximum facilitation of compact transport and allows the highly efficient use of the cargo space of the means of transport;
the set of prefabricated construction elements can be used to construct wooden buildings based on regular modules and supporting elements;
with the application of repeatable dimensions, each element of the series of types with a window or door opening enables the systematisation of the window sill line and the edges of the upper openings, and also makes it possible to unify (systematise) window and door joinery;
an advantage is that each of the aforementioned full-size modular walls comprises prefabricated construction elements (modules listed above), wherein the dimensions of the load-bearing frame are within the following ranges: height from 40 cm to 320 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 275 cm, width from 40 cm to 400 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 187.5 cm or 250 cm or 275 cm or 312.5 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, wherein the sheathing panel length exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, wherein the elements of each module's load-bearing frame are formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural timber, wherein the sheathing panel is formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, including plaster, gypsum fibre or fibre cement, wherein the condition is retained that in full-size walls: the height of each module's load-bearing frame ranges within 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, the width of the load-bearing frame ranges within 40 cm to 400 cm, wherein: the width of the full modules (MP) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, the width of the door modules (MD) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm;
each internal wall branching off an external wall at an angle of 90° is preceded by at least two columns (S);
the set of the wooden construction elements comprises panels and sheathing formed from structural panels;
the elements of the set can be coupled at the construction site by means of coupling elements, including by nailing or stapling or adhesion or preferably screwing/bolting, which considerably facilitates the installation work;
each element of the set exhibits predictable/known values of linear loading; each wall can withstand a vertical linear load no greater than:
- for the full modules - 89.6 kN/m,
which considerably shortens the time required for design calculations and facilitates the design process. Knowledge of the linear load values of the individual elements allows designers to conduct calculations and design buildings in the shortest time possible;

the bracing capacity of a wall segment formed from modules covered with OSB* boards is no lower than (load applied with a horizontal force at the level of the wall girt within the wall plane):
- 10.4 kN - for a single module,
- 23.13 kN - for a segment formed from two panels,
- 36.37 kN - for a segment formed from three panels.
- *in the case of sheathing using Fermacell panels, the bracing capacity can be increased by 7.5%.

The knowledge of these parameters shortens the time required for design calculations and facilitates the design process. Additionally it expands knowledge and provides the possibility of using an alternative sheathing panel. Tests and their results make it possible to develop guidelines concerning the construction of buildings using this technology with the application of various sheathing materials (OSB, Fermacell, Riduro).

in the dimensionally preferable variant of the solution, in the system elements that do not comprise openings - full modules (MP) - the distance between the wooden column elements, i.e. the columns (S), is constant and amounts to 54.5 cm - this enables the optimisation of insulation orders;
the set of elements makes maximum use of the wooden material - with no wood waste generated at the construction site (due to the prefabrication of the elements in the production plant); the wood waste volume is also minimised during production (due to the appropriately selected profiles for the system);
the elements of the set can be produced over a short time and stored in a warehouse while remaining ready for installation, thereby enabling steady production and shortening the order processing time as much as possible - the customer does not need to wait for modules or elements to be manufactured; the production of non-standard elements is also not required;
due to their versatility, the elements of the set can be used in various areas of building engineering (single- and multifamily houses).

The subject of the invention is described in examples of execution below and depicted in drawings, where: fig. 1 presents the full module (MP) 1, fig. 2 presents the door module (MD) 5, fig. 3 presents the column (S) 19, fig. 4 presents the girt (O) 20, fig. 5 presents the adjustable ground beam (PD) 21, fig. 6 presents a projection of building walls according to example execution I, fig. 7 presents a view of a building wall constructed according to example execution I, fig. 8 presents a fragment of a wall constructed according to example execution I, in an axonometry.

Example execution I

The set of prefabricated construction elements according to example execution I comprises:

1) a full module (MP) 1 - 11 pcs
2) a door module (MD) 5 - 1 pc
3) an adjustable ground beam (PD) 21 - 8 pcs
4) columns (S) 19 - 8 pcs
5) a girt (S) 20 - 4 pcs

The above prefabricated construction elements are the mandatory elements of each set.
The above prefabricated construction elements that are the mandatory elements of each set can be matched/coupled with other prefabricated construction elements deemed optional.
The above prefabricated construction elements are formed in the following way:

Full module (MP) 1, depicted in fig. 1

The full module (MP) 1 is in the form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in the form of flat cuboids. The said elements are a lower beam 27 and an upper beam 28 separated by side columns 29 and a reinforcing column 30 located in the axis of symmetry of the frame. The integrity of the entire frame is provided by nailing at the coupling points of the individual constituent elements. The spatial rigidity of the frame is provided by a sheathing panel 31 installed by means of construction staples along the structural elements. The length of the sheathing panel 31 exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame, preferably by 5 cm (from 2.5 cm to 10 cm), in order to form a protrusion 32. The installation of the sheathing panel 31 is accomplished in a way ensuring the facing of the upper edge of the panel with the upper plane of the upper beam 28 whereas a protrusion 32 is formed from the side of the lower beam 27.
The elements of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) 1 are formed from one type of material, preferably wood. On the other hand, the sheathing panel 31 is formed from a material providing the appropriate properties, preferably structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, including plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement.
The dimensions of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) 1 are within the following ranges:

height from 208 cm to 320 cm,
width from 80 cm to 160 cm,
thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm.

The internal side of the full module (MP) 1, that is the space limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame (lower beam 27, upper beam 28, side columns 29, reinforcing column 30), is intended for filling with thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
Furthermore, the full module (MP) 1 comprises openings 40 in the side columns 29, facilitating installation at the same height (for a structural wrench).
Such a construction of the full module (MP) 1 facilitates the practical application of thermal insulation due to the repeatable dimensions of the internal chambers of the modules: the full module (MP) 1 and the half module (MPo) 2. Such a modular construction makes it possible to easily accomplish a uniform and repeatable insulation barrier.
The construction of the full module (MP) 1, including the protrusion 32 from the sheathing panel 31, is designed in a way facilitating the linear, flat and parallel installation of modules forming the wall. These properties significantly reduce the time and costs of installing the full modules (MP) 1 themselves, but also of the remaining internal and external layers which form a full building fabric that fulfils all the standards, technical conditions and best practices pertaining to building engineering. This includes a windtight membrane coupled with the building fabric by stapling it with the full modules (MP) 1 by means of construction staples.

Full module (MP) 1 Frame height [cm] Protrusion height [cm] Width [cm] Thickness [cm]

Minimum size 208 2.5 80 10

Preferable size 275 5 125 16

Maximum size 320 10 160 20

Door module (MD) 5, depicted in fig. 5.

The door module (MD) 5 is in the form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in the form of flat cuboids. The said elements are a lower beam 27 and an upper beam 28 separated by side columns 29 and reinforcing columns 30 located along the side columns 29 constituting the support for the lintel beams 33. A third reinforcing column 30 is located over the lintel beams 33, in the axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame, providing the appropriate transfer of loads to the lintel beams 33. The shapes and sizes of the individual elements of the load-bearing frame are selected in a way enabling the formation of a door opening allowing an easy selection and installation of door joinery. The integrity of the entire frame is provided by nailing at the coupling points of the individual constituent elements. A sheathing panel 31 is installed along the structural elements by means of construction staples, retaining the door opening. The length of the sheathing panel 31 exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame, preferably by 5 cm (from 2.5 cm to 10 cm), in order to form a protrusion 32. The installation of the sheathing panel 31 is accomplished in a way ensuring the facing of the upper edge of the sheathing panel with the upper plane of the upper beam 28 whereas a protrusion 32 is formed from the side of the lower beam 27, while further ensuring the facing of the edges of the sheathing panel forming the door opening with the relevant elements of the load-bearing frame.
The elements of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) 5 are formed from one type of material, preferably wood. On the other hand, the sheathing panel 31 is formed from a material providing the appropriate properties, preferably structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, including plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement.
The dimensions of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) 5 are within the following ranges:

The internal side of the door module (MD) 5, that is the space limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame (upper beam 28, side column 29, reinforcing column 30, lintel beams 33), is intended for filling with thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
The construction of the door module (MD) 5, including the protrusion 32 from the sheathing panel 31, is designed in a way facilitating the linear, flat and parallel installation of modules forming the wall. These properties significantly reduce the time and costs of installing the door modules (MD) 5 themselves, but also of the remaining internal and external layers which form a full building fabric that fulfils all the standards, technical conditions and best practices pertaining to building engineering. This includes a windtight membrane coupled with the building fabric by stapling it with the door modules (MD) 5 by means of construction staples.

Door module (MD) 5 Frame height [cm] Protrusion height [cm] Width [cm] Thickness [cm]

Minimum size 208 2.5 80 10

Preferable size 275 5 125 16

Maximum size 320 10 160 20

Adjustable ground beam (PD) 21, depicted in fig. 21.

The adjustable ground beam (PD) 21 comprises an oblong horizontal structural element in the form of a flat cuboid as well as an adjustment system located in pre-made openings - anchor holes 38 and muff holes 39. The thickness of this element is adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) 1 and ranges within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm. The width of this element ranges within 40 cm to 350 cm, preferably 300 cm, whereas its height ranges within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm. Two or three assemblies of the adjustment system are used depending on the applied width.
The element constituting the main part of the adjustable ground beam (PD) 21 in volumetric terms is formed from a material capable of withstanding compressive stress generated by the other elements of the building as well as external loads, in the form of wood or engineered wood, preferably BSH glued wood. The adjustment system comprises a mechanical anchor for installation in the foundation as well as two muffs with threaded bars. As mentioned above, the adjustment system is located in pre-made openings - anchor holes 38 and muff holes 39.
By controlling the protrusion of the threaded bars, it is possible to easily ensure the levelling of the element over its entire length, which makes the work considerably faster relative to traditional methods while also having a positive influence on the duration of the entire building erection process. Achieving a high class of building levelling results in the correct transfer of loads and the geometric consistency of the remaining constituent parts of the system.

Adjustable ground beam (PD) 21 Height [cm] Width [cm] Thickness [cm]

Minimum size 4 40 10

Preferable size 8 300 16

Maximum size 10 350 20

Columns (S) 19, depicted in fig. 19.

The columns (S) 19 comprise one or more vertical structural elements located on ground beams (adjustable ground beam 21 or ground beam 22), between the constituent modules of the system (e.g. full module (MP) 1, door module (MD) 5) and below the girts (O) 20. The columns (S) 19 are also used in corners (important in the case of a wall construction). In a corner, the columns (S) 19 are coupled in pairs - 2 x (S) 19 (two corners, therefore 4 x (S) 19). The columns (S) 19 brace the construction and transfer vertical loads to elements located below. The thickness of this element is adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) 1 and ranges within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, and ensures the facing of two or three vertical planes of the column 19 and the ground beam (adjustable ground beam 21 or ground beam 22). The height of the element ranges within 50 cm to 350 cm. The width is a result of the structural and architectural requirements and ranges within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm. In cases of the joint presence of two or more columns (S) 19, they are coupled by means of wood screws at the final location of building erection.

Columns (S) 19 Height [cm] Width [cm] Thickness [cm]

Minimum size 50 4 10

Preferable size 275 8 16

Maximum size 350 10 20

Girt (O) 20, depicted in fig. 20.

The girt (O) 20 is a horizontal structural element placed on the system modules (e.g. the full module (MP) 1, the door modules (MD) 5) and the columns (S) 19. The purpose of the girt (O) 20 is to unify the loads exerted by elements located above and transfer them evenly to elements located below, as well as to couple and brace the walls of the system adjoining at right angles. The thickness of this element is adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) 1 and ranges within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, and ensures the facing of two or three vertical planes of the girt (O) 20 and the modules (e.g. the full module (MP) 1, the door modules (MD) 5) or the columns (S) 19. The width of this element ranges within 30 cm to 600 cm. The height of this element is a result of the structural and architectural requirements and ranges within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 6 cm. The presence of two or more layers of girts (O) 20 on top of each other is permissible. The layers of girts (O) 20 should be placed alternately (overlapping) relative to each other and relative to the ground beam, particularly in corners, to ensure the strongest possible coupling of the individual system elements.

Girt (O) 20 Height [cm] Width [cm] Thickness [cm]

Minimum size 4 30 10

Preferable size 6 505 16

Maximum size 10 600 20
The elements described above are coupled in the following way:
The adjustable ground beam (PD) 21 is embedded in the foundation, preferably by means of concrete anchors. The full modules (MP) 1, the door modules (MD) 5 and the columns (S) 19 are coupled to form walls by means of nailing or stapling or adhesion or preferably screwing. The horizontal element, i.e. the girt (O) 20 is appropriately coupled with the elements located below by means of nailing or stapling or adhesion or preferably screwing.
What is important during the installation/coupling of the elements described above is that the elements must adhere tightly to each other to retain the modularity of the entire building in all the walls.
The elements described above, coupled in the way described above, form a wall that is a constituent element of a building erected by means of modular frame technology - a modular building from prefabricated construction elements.

Denotation index

1 - full module (MP)
5 - door module (MD)
19 - column (S)
20 - girt (O)
21 - adjustable ground beam (PD)
38 - anchor holes
39 - muff holes
40 - mounting holes

Claims

A set of prefabricated construction elements belonging to a series of types of construction elements formed from wood and/or engineered wood, intended for erecting modular walls and modular buildings, characterised in that it comprises:
- at least one adjustable ground beam (PD) (21);

- at least one column (S) (19);

- at least one full module (MP) (1);

- at least one door module (MD) (5);

- at least one girt (O) (20);
wherein all the elements specified above are elements the closest geometrically to cuboid bodies in shapes of flat cuboids;

wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise load-bearing frames within the following ranges of dimensions: height from 40 cm to 320 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 275 cm, width from 40 cm to 400 cm, preferably 62.5 cm or 125 cm or 187.5 cm or 250 cm or 275 cm or 312.5 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm;

wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise sheathing panels (31) with a length greater than the height of the load-bearing frame, by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm;

wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise load-bearing frame elements formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber;

wherein all the prefabricated construction elements in the form of modules specified above comprise a sheathing panel (31) formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, including plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement;

wherein for the full modules (MP) (1) a condition is retained that: the height of the load-bearing frame ranges within 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, the width of the load-bearing frame ranges within 40 cm to 400 cm, wherein: the width of the full modules (MP) (1) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, the width of the door modules (MD) (5) ranges within 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the adjustable ground beam (PD) (21) is in a form of an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) (1) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 40 cm to 350 cm, preferably 300 cm, a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm, and it comprises at least one adjustment system, preferably two or three adjustment systems, in a form of a mechanical anchor for installation in a foundation, further comprising two muffs with threaded bars, installed in anchor holes (38) and in muff holes (39), wherein an element comprising a main part of the adjustable ground beam (PD) (21) in volumetric terms is formed from a material capable of withstanding compressive stress generated by other elements of a building as well as external loads, such as wood or engineered wood, preferably BSH glued wood.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the column (S) (19) is an oblong vertical structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) (1) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a height ranging within 50 cm to 350 cm, preferably 275 cm, and a width ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 8 cm.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the full module (MP) (1) is in a form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in shapes of flat cuboids, which comprise: a lower beam (27) and an upper beam (28) separated by side columns (29) and a reinforcing column (30), located in an axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame, at coupling spots of individual constituent elements, the said load-bearing frame preferably being coupled by nailing and rigid/covered with a sheathing panel (31) coupled along the said structural elements, preferably by means of construction staples, wherein the length of the sheathing panel (31) exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, thereby forming a protrusion (32) from a side of the lower beam (27), wherein the dimensions of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) (1) are within the following ranges: height from 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, width from 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, wherein the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) (1) are formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber, wherein the sheathing panel (31) is formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, such as plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement, wherein the full module (MP) (1) comprises mounting holes (40) in the side columns (29).
The set as in claim 4 characterised in that an internal side of the full module (MP) (1)b that is a space limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the full module (MP) (1) - the lower beam (27), the upper beam (28), the side columns (29), the reinforcing column (30) - can comprise filling by a thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the door module (MD) (5) is in a form of a load-bearing frame comprising structural elements in shapes of flat cuboids, which comprise: a lower beam (27) and an upper beam (28) separated by side columns (29) and preferably two reinforcing columns (30) located along the side columns (29), supporting lintel beams (33), over which in an axis of symmetry of the load-bearing frame is located another, preferably third reinforcing column (30), at coupling spots of individual constituent elements, the said load-bearing frame preferably being coupled by nailing and rigid/covered with a sheathing panel (31) coupled along the said structural elements, preferably by means of construction staples, retaining a door opening, wherein the length of the sheathing panel (31) exceeds the height of the load-bearing frame by a range within 2.5 cm to 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, thereby forming a protrusion (32) from a side of the lower beam (27), wherein the dimensions of the load-bearing frame are within the following ranges: height from 208 cm to 320 cm, preferably 275 cm, width from 80 cm to 160 cm, preferably 125 cm, thickness from 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, wherein the elements of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) (5) are formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber, wherein the sheathing panel (31) is formed from structural engineered wood panels or other structural panels, such as plaster, gypsum fibre, fibre cement.
The set as in claim 6 characterised in that an internal side of the door module (MD) (5), that is a space outside the door opening, limited by the structural elements of the load-bearing frame of the door module (MD) (5) - the upper beam (28), the side columns (29), another, preferably third reinforcing column (30), the lintel beam (33) - can comprise filling by a thermal insulation material, preferably mineral wool (including glass wool or rock wool), sheep wool, wood wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), open cell foam or closed cell foam, cellulose.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the girt (O) (20) is an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) (1) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 30 cm to 600 cm, preferably 505 cm, and a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 6 cm.
The set as in claim 1 characterised in that the ground beam (22) is in a form of an oblong horizontal structural element in a shape of a flat cuboid with a thickness adapted to the thickness of the full modules (MP) (1) and ranging within 10 cm to 20 cm, preferably 16 cm, a width ranging within 30 cm to 600 cm, preferably 505 cm, and a height ranging within 4 cm to 10 cm, preferably 6 cm, wherein the said ground beam (22) is formed from one type of material such as wood or engineered wood, preferably KVH structural lumber.