EP4389290A1 - Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4389290A1
EP4389290A1 EP22215271.2A EP22215271A EP4389290A1 EP 4389290 A1 EP4389290 A1 EP 4389290A1 EP 22215271 A EP22215271 A EP 22215271A EP 4389290 A1 EP4389290 A1 EP 4389290A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe section
pipe
stripping
cleaned
cleaning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22215271.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Vetter
Dr. Olaf Schäfer-Welsen
Manuel Näher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to EP22215271.2A priority Critical patent/EP4389290A1/fr
Publication of EP4389290A1 publication Critical patent/EP4389290A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/10—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of electrodes moving during separating action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/743—Cleaning the electrodes by using friction, e.g. by brushes or sliding elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cleaning the inner surface of pipes according to claim 1 and a method for cleaning the inner surface of pipes according to claim 12.
  • mechanical or electrostatic separators are generally used to purify the gas or exhaust gas flow, in particular to separate soot particles. These separators are typically arranged inside a pipe that carries the gas flow to be purified.
  • Electrostatic separators separate the particulate contaminants in the exhaust gas through the effect of gravity, inertial forces or the generation of centrifugal forces. Such mechanical separators primarily separate coarse contaminants. Electrostatic separators are used to separate finer particulate contaminants.
  • the particulate contaminants in a gas stream are ionized under the influence of an electric field.
  • This gas stream is guided along an oppositely polarized inner surface of a separator tube, and the charged particulate contaminants are separated on a separator surface inside the tube due to the different polarity.
  • a further disadvantage is that the introduction of active, moving cleaning components into the pipe, especially when using an electrostatic separator, influences the high-voltage field and the separation performance or the area of application of the separator.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an alternative device and an alternative method for cleaning the inner surface of pipes, thereby reducing the stress on the cleaning components.
  • the device according to the invention for cleaning the inner surface of pipes comprises a pipe section to be cleaned with an inner surface and at least one stripping element, wherein the stripping element is arranged in the pipe section.
  • the pipe section to be cleaned is mounted so that it can rotate and that at least one stripping element is arranged in a stationary position.
  • “Stationary” in this context means that the stripping element is arranged in a stationary position in relation to the device.
  • the device according to the invention thus differs in essential aspects from previously known cleaning devices:
  • an active component is moved in the pipe to be cleaned.
  • the active cleaning component is not moved in the pipe, but the pipe section is rotatably mounted and is rotated for cleaning.
  • the component inside the rotatably mounted pipe section for stripping off the deposits is arranged in a fixed position.
  • the pipe is rotated and thus represents the active component.
  • the fixed component in the pipe makes the design of the cleaning mechanism much easier to manufacture. This design means that the cleaning component and the required movement mechanism do not have to be laboriously inserted into the interior of the pipe.
  • Another advantage is that the removal of particles, especially in the case of an electrostatic precipitator, ensures that the efficiency remains constant over the long term. As the deposit of particles increases, the efficiency of particle separation decreases. Regular cleaning counteracts an increase in the particle concentration in the separation gas when the separator is in operation.
  • the at least one scraper element is designed as a wire, rod or cord and is tensioned along the inner surface.
  • Wires, rods or cords have a round surface and therefore advantageously offer only a small surface area for dirt to collect.
  • the flow of gas through the pipe section is not significantly impeded.
  • arranging wires, rods or cords as stripping elements close to the wall has the advantage that the interaction with the separator electrode, which is usually arranged in the middle of the pipe, can be kept as low as possible.
  • the at least one stripping element is clamped against the inner surface. This ensures that the deposits can be stripped off as best as possible. If the distance between the stripping element and the inner surface of the pipe to be cleaned is too great, residues remain that are not removed by the at least one stripping element.
  • scraper element or adjacent Scraper elements which cause at least one scraper element, in particular in the form of wires, rods or cords, to vibrate when the pipe is rotated due to unevenness on the inner surface of the pipe. These vibrations improve the removal of deposits and thus the cleaning.
  • a plurality of stripping elements preferably more than four, particularly preferably eight stripping elements, are provided.
  • the advantage is that the wear of an individual stripping element is reduced due to the lower load on the individual stripping element, thus reducing the maintenance effort and increasing the longevity.
  • the rotational movement required for complete cleaning of the pipe depends on the number of stripping elements.
  • the rotatably mounted pipe section is rotated so far that the entire inner surface of the pipe to be cleaned is covered by at least one of the stripping elements.
  • the angle of rotation required for complete stripping of the inner surface of the pipe to be cleaned is 360°/n.
  • n is the number of stripping elements.
  • tensioning means are provided to keep the stripping element under tension, preferably by means of an adjustable spring force.
  • the tensioning means are designed, for example, as a spiral compression spring or spiral tension spring.
  • the tension of the stripping elements provides the necessary rigidity for stripping off the deposits.
  • the stripping forces that occur can therefore be absorbed by the stripping element.
  • the rigidity is maintained by an adjustable spring force when the stripping element changes length due to temperature.
  • the at least one stripping element is made of a material with a temperature resistance greater than 250° Celsius, preferably glass, metal, Teflon and/or ceramic fiber, polyimide fiber and/or as a shape memory alloy.
  • the advantage of this preferred embodiment is that the stripping element is not damaged at high temperatures of the gas in the pipe section, particularly in the case of combustion process exhaust gases. Furthermore, the required dimensional stability is maintained under high temperature influences.
  • a diameter of the at least one stripping element is small compared to the diameter of the pipe section to be cleaned, preferably smaller than 1/10 of the pipe diameter, particularly preferably smaller than 1/20 of the pipe diameter.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that in electrostatic separators the interaction with the separator electrode, which is usually arranged in the middle of the tube, can be kept as low as possible.
  • the inner surface of the rotatably mounted pipe section is formed with elevations at least in some areas.
  • the stripping elements move over the elevations and are thereby set into vibration.
  • the vibration of at least one scraper element loosens deposits that adhere to the scraper element.
  • the cleaning of the inner surface of the pipe is improved because the vibrations make it easier to loosen the deposits from the inner wall.
  • the rotatably mounted pipe section is connected to adjoining pipe sections on both sides in a gas-tight, or at least smoke-tight, manner.
  • an ash box is provided at least in part at a lower end of the pipe section to be cleaned.
  • the ash box is preferably arranged as a half-shell box below the cleaning device.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the stripped particles are collected in a simple manner. Furthermore, the stripped particles are prevented from falling back into the gas stream.
  • drive means are provided for rotating the pipe section to be cleaned, preferably in the form of a geared motor, a bimetallic spring, a shape memory alloy actuator, a rotary pendulum.
  • the drive means is preferably actuated by the temperature change when gas flows through the furnace pipe (high temperature) or when no gas flows through the furnace pipe (low temperature).
  • a bimetal spring thermally coupled to the furnace pipe
  • the temperature-dependent deflection can be used as a drive.
  • a shape memory alloy actuator with a return spring thermally coupled to the furnace pipe also fulfils this function. This means that the thermal energy from the gas flow can be used.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the energy available from the waste heat of the gas can be utilized.
  • the object according to the invention is also achieved by an electrostatic particle separator with a device for cleaning the inner surface of pipes of the electrostatic particle separator. It is essential that the device for cleaning the inner surface of pipes of the electrostatic particle separator is designed like one of the embodiments described above.
  • the method according to the invention for cleaning the inner surface of pipes also achieves the object according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention also has the described advantages of the device according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out using the device according to the invention and/or a preferred embodiment.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed to carry out the method according to the invention and/or a preferred embodiment.
  • At least one stripping element is provided in the pipe section. It is essential that the pipe section to be cleaned is rotated, while at least one scraper element remains stationary.
  • the pipe section to be cleaned is rotated and the scraper element remains stationary.
  • the advantage here is that there are no active, moving cleaning components in the gas flow. Long-term operational reliability can therefore be guaranteed even without the use of a complex cleaning device with increased heat resistance.
  • the method is efficient because there are no rotating elements in the gas flow that would disrupt the flow.
  • the rotational movement required for complete cleaning of the pipe depends on the number of stripping elements.
  • the rotatably mounted pipe section is rotated so far that the entire inner surface of the pipe to be cleaned is swept over by at least one of the stripping elements.
  • the angle of rotation required for complete stripping of the inner surface of the pipe to be cleaned is 360°/n. n is the number of stripping elements.
  • the efficiency of the system is improved by the dependent angle of rotation of the pipe section, since in the case of several stripping elements the pipe section does not have to complete a full rotation in order to achieve sufficient stripping of the inner surface of the pipe.
  • the at least one stripping element is set into vibration by the rotation of the pipe section.
  • the vibration of the at least one stripping element makes it possible to loosen deposits that adhere to the stripping element. This results in self-cleaning.
  • the cleaning of the inner surface of the pipe is improved because the vibrations make it easier to loosen the deposits from the inner wall.
  • energy from a gas flow running through the pipe is used to rotate the pipe section; preferably, the energy is extracted in the form of heat and converted into a temperature-dependent change in length by using bimetal or shape memory alloy (SMA).
  • SMA shape memory alloy
  • a wire made of shape memory alloy placed around the stove pipe can cause the wire to contract depending on the temperature.
  • This tensile force can be used to rotate the rotating pipe section.
  • the required return can be ensured here, for example, by a counteracting spring force.
  • the invention is generally suitable for use in cleaning the inner surface of pipes from soot and/or particle deposits.
  • the invention is suitable for cleaning the inner surface of pipes for use in electrostatic precipitators.
  • this use for cleaning the inner surface of pipes of an electrostatic precipitator has the advantage that the High-voltage field and the separation performance or the application area of the separator are not affected by the cleaning process.
  • Fig. 1a shows a schematic vertical sectional view of an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator in operation.
  • the device for separation 1 is arranged between a gas inlet pipe 2 and a gas outlet pipe 3. Gas is supplied to the device through the gas inlet pipe 2.
  • This gas 5 contains, for example, particulate contaminants, in this example fine dust, which are led out of a combustion chamber as an undesirable by-product in the gas by the combustion of wood.
  • the particle concentration in the supplied gas 5 is shown high above the points within the gas inlet pipe 2.
  • the separation device 1 has a cylindrical separation pipe 9 which is arranged so as to be rotatable between the gas inlet pipe 2 and the gas outlet pipe 3.
  • the cylindrical separation pipe 9 is the pipe section 9 to be cleaned and is mounted so as to be rotatable.
  • the gas inlet pipe 2 and the rotatably mounted pipe section 9 as a separator pipe as well as the rotatably mounted pipe section 9 and the gas outlet pipe 3 are each connected to each other in a gas-tight manner.
  • the pipe section is provided with a copper seal and flange and can optionally be additionally sealed with quartz sand.
  • the device also has stripping elements 6, which in this embodiment are made of stainless steel wires.
  • the stainless steel wires are arranged under tension via a clamping device 4.
  • the stripping element 6 is connected to the gas inlet pipe 2 and the clamping device is connected to the gas outlet pipe 3.
  • Fig. 1b It can be seen that the stripping elements 6 are arranged in a circle in this embodiment.
  • the stripping elements 6 are each arranged offset by 45° from one another.
  • the stripping elements 6 are spaced apart from the inner surface of the separating pipe 9. For a clearer illustration, the distance is shown enlarged. The actual spacing is smaller and can be zero.
  • the stripping elements have a diameter of d stripping element 0.2 mm.
  • the embodiment has an electrode 8, around which the separating pipe 9 as well as the gas inlet pipe 2, the gas outlet pipe 3 and the stripping elements 6 are arranged concentrically.
  • the gas 5 flowing out of the device in the gas outlet pipe 3 then has only a low particle concentration.
  • the accumulated particles agglomerate to form deposits 7 on the inner surface of the separator tube 9. With increasing operating time, the deposits grow in the direction of the electrode 8.
  • the deposits 7 are stripped off the stripping element 6 by rotating the separator pipe 9 as a rotatably mounted pipe section, in this embodiment a rotation of 45°.
  • the stripped deposits 7 fall down outside the gas flow 5 and are collected in an ash box 10.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP22215271.2A 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes Pending EP4389290A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22215271.2A EP4389290A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22215271.2A EP4389290A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4389290A1 true EP4389290A1 (fr) 2024-06-26

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EP22215271.2A Pending EP4389290A1 (fr) 2022-12-21 2022-12-21 Dispositif et procédé de nettoyage de la surface intérieure de tubes

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EP (1) EP4389290A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185971A (en) * 1977-07-14 1980-01-29 Koyo Iron Works & Construction Co., Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator
JPH09122533A (ja) * 1995-11-02 1997-05-13 Kajihara Tekkosho:Kk 乾式立型電気集塵装置
JPH10151363A (ja) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-09 Shinwa Corp 多重筒型電気集塵装置
EP2189223A1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2010-05-26 Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen Filtre électrique à nettoyage humide destiné au nettoyage des gaz d'échappement et procédé correspondant
US20190168236A1 (en) 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 PHX innovation ApS Electrostatic precipitator system having a grid for collection of particles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185971A (en) * 1977-07-14 1980-01-29 Koyo Iron Works & Construction Co., Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator
JPH09122533A (ja) * 1995-11-02 1997-05-13 Kajihara Tekkosho:Kk 乾式立型電気集塵装置
JPH10151363A (ja) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-09 Shinwa Corp 多重筒型電気集塵装置
EP2189223A1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2010-05-26 Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen Filtre électrique à nettoyage humide destiné au nettoyage des gaz d'échappement et procédé correspondant
US20190168236A1 (en) 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 PHX innovation ApS Electrostatic precipitator system having a grid for collection of particles

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