EP4143156A1 - Procede de synthese du paracetamol en continu - Google Patents
Procede de synthese du paracetamol en continuInfo
- Publication number
- EP4143156A1 EP4143156A1 EP21721522.7A EP21721522A EP4143156A1 EP 4143156 A1 EP4143156 A1 EP 4143156A1 EP 21721522 A EP21721522 A EP 21721522A EP 4143156 A1 EP4143156 A1 EP 4143156A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carried out
- compound
- formula
- nitration
- hydrogenation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/08—Preparation of nitro compounds by substitution of hydrogen atoms by nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/22—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07C235/42—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/44—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C235/46—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuous process for the synthesis of paracetamol.
- Paracetamol also called acetaminophen, corresponds to A- (4-hydroxyphenyl) 0 acetamide. This compound is used both as an analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (anti fever), and is among the most common drugs used and prescribed in the world.
- Figure 1 summarizes the main chemical pathways for the synthesis of paracetamol with their intermediates.
- This last route which is among the most widely used, involves nitration of phenol with the formation of para-nitrophenol and is followed by reduction and acetylation of the latter to form paracetamol.
- this synthetic route suffers from a fundamental flaw which is that the step of nitration of phenol to obtain the p-nitrophenol of interest - which is the precursor of paracetamol - has a low yield.
- the product of the reaction in the ortho position of the phenyl ring can present a proportion of up to 66%, this constituting the normal result of having two equivalent attachment positions resulting in o-nitrophenol for only a position for the para position.
- o-nitrophenol is promoted by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and one of the two oxygen atoms of the NCh group.
- the inventors have now developed a new process for the synthesis of paracetamol which is carried out continuously and which enables its production to be carried out in less than 3 hours, simultaneously with a considerable reduction in the quantity of associated waste due to its very high efficiency.
- this process consists of a continuous flow of integrated reactions in which a succession of reactors are interconnected. Each reactor allows a specific and essential step to be carried out to achieve the final product.
- a first object of the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of paracetamol, in which the process comprises a step A of nitration, or nitrosation, of a compound of Formula 1 with a nitration agent, or a nitrosation agent suitable for get a compound of Formula 2: x
- nitration step A • a protective group chosen from a benzyl or an acetate, and in which X represents a nitro group or a nitroso group, said nitration step A being carried out continuously:
- the nitration agent being sodium nitrite
- the nitration agent being sodium nitrite
- the nitrosating agent being sodium nitrite.
- the inventors have found that the continuous nitration or nitrosation reaction of phenol, optionally protected on the hydroxyl function by an acetate or benzyl group, leads respectively to the para-nitro or para-nitroso compound, with excellent regioselectivity.
- the continuous flow reaction thus makes it possible to limit the formation of the ortho isomer, as well as that of other impurities such as, for example, polymerization products.
- the continuous process can be carried out in combination with microwave and / or ultrasonic irradiation, allowing an improved reaction efficiency in terms of reaction speed and the efficiency of the reaction. reduction in the formation of impurities such as the ortho isomer.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which step A is a nitration step, R being as defined above, and X being a nitro group, to obtain a nitro compound in which the compound of Formula 2 has the structure of a compound of Formula 2a:
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which step A is a nitrosation step, R being as defined above 1, and X being a nitroso group, to obtain a nitroso compound in which the compound of Formula 2 has the structure of a compound of Formula 2b:
- a nitroso compound which represents an intermediate which can be used in the preparation of paracetamol.
- nitrosation reaction is very efficient in terms of kinetics, and typically leads to a total conversion only after 10 minutes of reaction, and this with an excellent regioselectivity of 90% in favor of the para compound relative to the secondary product. ortho.
- This nitrosation route is particularly advantageous because the concomitant formation of polymers is very limited.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A, or the nitrosation step A is carried out under an inert atmosphere, or in the open air.
- inert atmosphere is meant that the nitration or nitrosation is carried out in a reactor under nitrogen or under argon. Conversely, “in the open” means that no precaution has been taken in this direction.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the compound of Formula 1 is phenol, R being a hydrogen atom, to obtain p-nitrophenol as compound of Formula 2, X being a nitro group, or p-nitrosophenol as a compound of Formula 2, X being a nitroso group.
- the phenol is not protected on the hydroxyl function. This represents an advantage in terms of production cost, phenol being a commodity.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out with a nitration agent chosen from HNO3 and NaNC, to obtain a compound of Formula 2 in which X is a nitro group.
- Nitric acid can be used in the presence of an acid such as sulfuric acid, but also in the absence of said acid.
- nitric acid is introduced into the reactor in the form of an aqueous solution.
- Sodium nitrite leads to the nitro compound when used in combination with an oxidizing agent, especially nitric acid.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A comprises: a) feeding a reactor with a solution, in particular aqueous, of the compound of Formula 1, in particular in a concentration of about 0.4 M, and with the nitration agent, in solution, in particular aqueous, in particular at a concentration of about 0.3 to 0.4 M, to obtain a reaction medium, b ) formation of the compound of Formula 2.
- the raw materials, namely the compound of Formula 1, in solution, and the reactants, namely the nitration agent, in solution, are continuously introduced into a reactor, through inlet routes.
- the nitration reaction then takes place within the reactor, resulting in the formation of the product of Formula 2, in which X represents a nitro group.
- reaction mixture comprising the nitrated product (crude product) can then be discharged from the reactor through an outlet.
- the reactor is perfectly agitated, allowing a homogeneous distribution of the materials within the reactor.
- the rate of introduction or injection of the reactants is identical to the rate of evacuation or extrusion of the reaction crude, thus allowing a constant volume within the reactor.
- the reagents are in particular introduced into the reactor at a rate of 5 to 20 ml / minute, in particular about 10 ml / minute or about 15 ml / minute.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out with an initial ratio of nitration agent / compound of Formula 1 of 1.1 to 1.6, preferably from 1.2 to 1.5.
- an initial ratio of nitration agent / compound of Formula 1 of 1.1 to 1.6, preferably from 1.2 to 1.5.
- from 1.1 to 1.6 is also meant the following ranges: from 1.1 to 1.5, from 1.1 to 1.4, from
- the "initial ratio” refers to the ratio with which the nitration agent and the compound of Formula 1 are introduced into the reactor. At this point, the reagent and the raw material have not yet been involved in the nitration reaction.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage A of nitration, or of nitrosation is carried out with an initial concentration of compound of Formula 1, in particular of phenol, included from 0.2 to 0.6M, in particular from 0.25 to 0.5 M.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage A of nitration, or of nitrosation is carried out with an initial concentration of nitration agent, in particular of FINCb, or the NaNC respectively, between 0.25 to 0.8M, in particular between 0.3 to 0.7M.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out at a temperature of 70 to 110 ° C, preferably 80 to 100 ° C. .
- the kinetics of the reaction may be too low to be compatible with an industrially viable process.
- side products like polymers or polynitro products can be formed.
- the hydroxyl function can also be nitrated, to form O-nitrophenol as a by-product.
- 70 to 110 ° C is also meant the following ranges: from 70 to 100 ° C, from 70 to 90 ° C, from 70 to 80 ° C, from 80 to 110 ° C, from 90 to 110 ° C, from 100 to 110 ° C, from 80 to 100 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out under microwaves, the microwave nitration being carried out in a microwave continuously with a wave generator of 2.45 GHz, or 915 MHz.
- microwaves are notably equipped with a 2.45 GHz or 915 MHz wave generator. In an industrial process, a frequency of 915 MHz is desirable.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out in microwaves, the nitration in microwaves being carried out in a microwave continuously with a power included from 200 to 1000 W.
- the commercially available microwaves have in particular a power of 200 to 1000 W.
- from 200 to 1000 W is also meant the following ranges: from 200 to 800 W, from 200 to 600 W, from 200 to 400 W, from 400 to 1000 W, from 600 to 1000 W, from 800 to 1000 W, from 400 to 800 W.
- the power being in particular about 450 W, or about 850 W.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out in the presence of a cooling means making it possible to control the temperature.
- Nitration reactions are exothermic. Equipping the reactor with cooling means makes it possible to control this exothermic energy.
- the reactor can, for example, be equipped with a double jacket allowing the circulation of a cooling liquid.
- controlling the temperature means ensuring that the temperature of the reaction medium remains sufficiently low, below 110 ° C, preferably below 90 ° C, to avoid the formation of by-products, such as for example the ortho isomer, and polymers
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out in a reactor equipped with a wave generator with integration of a cooling system. .
- a microwave reactor equipped with cooling means is used.
- a tube is integrated into the microwave reactor, in order to circulate a heat transfer fluid, maintained at the desired temperature by means of a cryostat.
- a cooled tubular continuous reactor: "DOWNSTREAM” cavity from the company SAIREM can be used.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitration step A is carried out in at least two microwave reactors in series, preferably at least three microwave reactors. microwave in series and particularly preferably at least four microwave reactors in series.
- reactors are configured in series.
- the raw materials, namely the compound of Formula 1, in solution, and the reactants, namely the nitration agent, in solution, are introduced into the first reactor, in which the nitration reaction takes place, with non-conversion. total.
- the reaction medium leaves the first reactor continuously, and is injected into the next reactor, in which the nitration reaction continues to take place.
- the conversion at the end of the first reactor can be 60%
- the conversion at the end of the second reactor can be 90%
- a total conversion can be observed in the third reactor.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, comprising, between each reactor in series, a cooling step so as to adjust the temperature to a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C, preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the reaction medium is cooled between 2 reactors in series. This operation makes it possible to inject a cooled mixture into the following reactor, which leads to better control of the exothermic phenomena of the reaction.
- Figure 3 shows schematically this configuration with several microwave reactors in series, where each pair of microwave reactors is interconnected by a cooling circuit.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitrosation step A is carried out in an acidic medium, in particular in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. .
- an aqueous solution of the nitrosating agent i.e. sodium nitrite
- the mixture thus obtained is injected into the reactor.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which step A of nitrosation comprises: a) feeding a reactor with a solution of the compound of Formula 1, in particular aqueous , and with NaNCh in solution, in particular aqueous in an acid, in particular in hydrochloric acid, to obtain a reaction medium, b) the formation of the compound of Formula 2.
- the reagent, namely NaNCh, in solution, and the starting material, namely the compound of Formula 1, in solution are in particular introduced into the reactor at a rate of 5 to 20 ml / minute, in particular about 10 ml / minute or about 15 ml / minute.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, comprising a nitrosation step A, in which a reactor is supplied with an aqueous solution of the compound of Formula 1, and with NaNCf in solution. aqueous in an acid, in particular in hydrochloric acid.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the nitrosation step A is carried out at a temperature below 10 ° C, in particular comprised from -5 to 5 ° C, especially at a temperature of about 0 ° C. Above 10 ° C, the reaction can exhibit high kinetics, which can lead to runaway of the exothermic reaction. In addition, under these conditions, side products such as poly-nitroso products can be formed.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which step A of nitrosation is carried out in the presence of a cooling means making it possible to control the temperature.
- Nitrosation reactions are exothermic. Equipping the reactor with cooling means makes it possible to control this exothermic energy.
- the reactor can, for example, be equipped with a double jacket allowing the circulation of a cooling liquid.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage A of nitration, or of nitrosation leads to the formation of the compound of Formula 2, in particular p-nitrophenol or p-nitrosophenol, in particular p-nitrosophenol, with a regioselectivity greater than 60%, in particular greater than 80%, in particular in which the ortho isomer / compound of Formula 2 ratio is less than 2/8, and in particular is d 'about 1/9.
- regioselectivity greater than 60% is also meant a regioselectivity greater than 70%, greater than 80%, and greater than 90%. Said regioselectivity can for example be determined by NMR, or by HPLC.
- the crude reaction product can be carried directly to the reactor of the next step, i.e. the hydrogenation step. It is however more advantageous to purify said crude reaction product, for example by aqueous washing or by crystallization.
- purification in aqueous medium makes it possible to hydrolyze the acetate group to yield 4-nitrophenol, or 4 -nitrosophenol respectively.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which said process further comprises, after step A of nitration or nitrosation, a step B of hydrogenation of the compound of Formula 2, to obtain:
- R and X being as defined above, said hydrogenation step B being carried out continuously or in batch, preferably continuously, in the presence of hydrogen, a solvent and a catalyst.
- the hydrogenation step makes it possible to reduce the nitro group, or the nitroso group, to an amine.
- R represents a benzyl group
- this reaction is accompanied by hydrogenolysis of said benzyl group, to obtain p-aminophenol.
- R represents an acetate group
- O-acetyl-4-aminophenol is obtained, since the acetate group is inert, and is not deleted under the hydrogenation conditions.
- Hydrogenation Step B is performed in the presence of a catalyst which can catalyze a reduction of a nitro or nitroso compound to an amine.
- the catalyst is preferably a heterogeneous catalyst, which makes it possible to keep said catalyst within the reactor.
- the reactor can, for this purpose, be equipped with a filtration system, for example a frit, at the outlet, to prevent the catalyst from being discharged with the streams of the reaction crude leaving the reactor.
- the frit has in particular a porosity of 2 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out from a compound of Formula 2 wherein X is a nitro group, the compound of Formula 2 being a compound of Formula 2a:
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out from a compound of Formula 2 in which X is a nitroso group, the compound of Formula 2 being a compound of Formula 2b:
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the compound of Formula 2 is p-nitrophenol, R being a hydrogen atom, and X being a nitro group.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the compound of Formula 2 is p-nitrosophenol, R being a hydrogen atom, and X being a nitroso group.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the compound of Formula 2 is in admixture with the ortho isomer, in particular in which the ortho isomer / compound of Formula 2 ratio is less than 2/8, and in particular is approximately 1/9.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst chosen from Pd / C, Pt / C and Fe / HCl, According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of Siliacat Pd (0) as catalyst.
- Siliacat® type catalyst is preferably used, in particular Siliacat Pd (0).
- Siliacat Pd (0) is a catalyst consisting of Pd trapped in a sol-gel system. Specifically highly dispersed (uniformly in the range 4.0-6.0nm) Pd nanoparticles, encapsulated in an organosilica matrix. The structure of the catalyst is shown below.
- This catalyst is marketed by several companies, including the company Dichrom GmbH in Germany and the company Silicycle in Canada.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a solvent chosen from ethanol or methanol, in particular ethanol.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 130 ° C, in particular of 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
- from 50 to 130 ° C is also meant the following ranges: from 60 to 130 ° C, from 70 to 130 ° C, from 80 to 130 ° C, from 90 to 130 ° C, from 110 to 130 ° C , 60 to 110 ° C, 80 to 100 ° C, 70 to 90 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out at a pressure of hydrogen ranging from 10 to 50 bars, in particular ranging from 15 to 30 bars, in particular about 20 bars.
- from 10 to 50 bars is also meant the following ranges: from 15 to 50 bars, from 25 to 50 bars, from 35 to 50 bars, from 10 to 40 bars, from 10 to 30 bars from 15 to 30 bars.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the starting compound of Formula 2 is introduced into the reactor at a concentration of from 0.5 to 1.5 M, in particular of about 1 M, and at a rate of 5 to 20 ml / minute, in particular 10 or 15 ml / minute.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out in at least two reactors in series, preferably at least three reactors in series and particularly preferably three or five reactors in series.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which at least two of the consecutive reactors are of different size.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which at least two of the consecutive reactors are of different size, and are of increasing size.
- At least one of the reactors is larger in size than the size of the previous reactor, at least one of the reactors being the next reactor.
- the fluid flow rate is constant and identical between each reactor.
- the reactor fluid outlet is located at the top of the reactor, as shown in Figure 4, and as long as the previous reactor is not filled to the height of the outlet, the liquid does not leave the reactor. Then the outgoing flow is equal to the incoming flow.
- the size ratio between the preceding reactor and the following reactor being between 1.1 to 3, in particular from 1.5 to 3.
- the present invention relates to a process in which hydrogenation step B is carried out in 3 consecutive reactors, of increasing size, in particular with a size ratio of approximately 1: 1.5: 3.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which at least two of the consecutive reactors are of different size, and are of decreasing size.
- At least one of the reactors is smaller in size than the size of the previous reactor.
- the raw material concentration namely the compound of Formula 2
- the reactor having a smaller size can more easily be stirred than a reactor of a larger size. This facilitates the dispersion of the catalyst in the reaction medium, which is important when the load of said catalyst is higher.
- the second reactor has a volume R2 of between RI and 0.5 RI and the third reactor has a volume R3 of between 0.8 RI and 0.4 RI.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which stage B of hydrogenation is carried out:
- the 3 reactors in series are of increasing size, as defined above.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain the amine compound with a good yield, in particular with a yield greater than 80%, in particular greater than 95%
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which hydrogenation step B is carried out:
- the 3 reactors in series are of increasing size, as defined above.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain the amine compound with a good yield, in particular with a yield greater than 80%, in particular greater than 95%, in particular greater than 98%
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which said process further comprises, after hydrogenation step B, a step C of acylating p-aminophenol to obtain paracetamol: said acylation step C being carried out continuously or in batch, preferably continuously.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which step C of acylation is carried out with acetic anhydride as acylating agent.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which acylation step C is carried out with acetic acid as acylating agent, said acylation step C being carried out. in microwaves, in batch, or continuously.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which acylation step C is carried out with an initial acetic anhydride / p-aminophenol ratio of 1.0 to 1.6, preferably 1.1 to 1.4.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, in which the acylation step C is carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 100 ° C, preferably at about 80 ° C. .
- from 60 to 100 ° C is also meant the following ranges: from 60 to 90 ° C, from 60 to 80 ° C, from 60 to 70 ° C, from 70 to 100 ° C, from 80 to 100 ° C, 90 to 100 ° C, and 70 to 80 ° C.
- the acylation step C is preferably carried out at the same temperature as the hydrogenation step B.
- the hydrogenation reaction is carried out at 80 ° C.
- the fluid leaving the hydrogenation reactor can be directly injected, hot, into the acylation reactor.
- the acylation reaction can be completed within a few minutes, especially in less than 10 minutes, or 5 minutes. Under these conditions, it is not necessary to heat the medium further, the temperature of the fluid being sufficiently high.
- the present invention relates to a method as defined above, comprising:
- the nitration agent being sodium nitrite, in the presence of an oxidizing agent, in particular in the presence of HN0 3, said nitrosation step A being carried out continuously, the nitrosating agent being sodium nitrite, R and X being as defined above,
- acylation step C • a step C of acylation of 4-aminophenol, to obtain paracetamol, said acylation step C being carried out continuously or in batch, preferably continuously.
- the three steps A, B and C are preferably all carried out continuously.
- step C is to be carried out only if the paracetamol is not already obtained at the end of step B of hydrogenation.
- the present invention relates to a method as defined above, comprising:
- stage B of hydrogenation of the p-nitrophenol compound, to obtain p-aminophenol • a stage B of hydrogenation of the p-nitrophenol compound, to obtain p-aminophenol: said stage B of hydrogenation being carried out continuously in three reactors in series, and
- the present invention relates to a method as defined above, comprising:
- step B of hydrogenation of the p-nitrosophenol compound, to obtain p-aminophenol said hydrogenation step B being carried out continuously in three reactors in series, and
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, comprising, between at least one step A, B, or C, a purification step, in particular by aqueous washing.
- the synthetic intermediates, obtained at the end of stages A of nitration / nitrosation and / or B of hydrogenation, as well as the final product, obtained at the end of stage C of acylation can be purified, in order to 'improve the impurity profile of the process. It can be for example a simple aqueous washing, to remove the residues of acids and salts at the end of stage A or C, or of filtration or of a bed of carbon or of zeolite to remove the catalyst residues at the end of step B. Alternatively, more purifying purifications can be implemented such as for example crystallizations or distillations or continuous liquid / liquid extraction.
- the present invention relates to a process as defined above, further comprising a stage D of purification of paracetamol, in particular by continuous distillation, continuous liquid-liquid extraction and or by crystallization, in particular by continuous crystallization.
- the final product of the process of the present invention paracetamol
- the purification aims in particular to remove residues of the ortho isomer which may be present in the crude product.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the preparation of paracetamol comprising the successive steps: 1) synthesis of p-nitrophenol from phenol
- steps 1, 2 and 3 are carried out continuously and in that step 1) is carried out in a microwave.
- the inventors have been able to obtain a nitration regioselectivity of the phenol in the para position of greater than 60%.
- a subject of the invention is also a process for preparing paracetamol comprising the successive steps:
- Figure 1 represents different chemical pathways for the production of paracetamol.
- Figure 2 illustrates the change in the temperature of the mixture over time of the reaction mixture when it passes through the circuit formed by several microwave reactors in series, each pair of microwave reactor is interconnected by a circuit cooling.
- Figure 3 shows schematically an installation for performing the first step where the phenol / HNO 3 mixture is introduced into an installation with several microwave reactors in series, where each pair of microwave reactors is interconnected by a cooling circuit.
- Figure 4 shows schematically an installation for performing the second hydrogenation step where several hydrogenation reactors are connected in series.
- Figure 5 shows a flowchart of the process for the continuous synthesis of paracetamol, comprising a nitration step.
- Figure 6 shows a flowchart of the process for the continuous synthesis of paracetamol, comprising a nitrosation step.
- Figure 7 shows the conversion of a hydrogenation reaction in a system of 3 reactors in series, according to Example 5.2.
- the nitration reaction is carried out by mixing phenol and nitric acid.
- This reaction is carried out in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid or boron trifluoride.
- a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, perchloric acid or boron trifluoride.
- this reaction is carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid.
- the ratio between the concentration of nitric acid and phenol also had a strong influence on the regioselectivity and the obtaining of p-nitrophenol rather than o-nitrophenol. .
- the use of excess nitric acid promotes the formation of o-nitrophenol. Under such conditions, the inventors were able to obtain up to 82% of p-nitrophenol (for 18% of o-nitrophenol).
- the ratio between the HNO3 / Phenol ratio within the starting mixture is between 1.1 and 1.6, preferably between 1.2 and 1.5.
- the concentration of the starting phenol mixture is between 0.2 and 0.6M, preferably between 0.25 and 0.5M.
- the concentration of the starting mixture of HNO3 is between 0.25 and 0.8M, preferably between 0.3 and 0.7M.
- the proportion of water in the starting mixture is between 40 and 95% (by volume relative to the volume of the mixture at this point), preferably between 50 and 90%.
- the residence time of the mixture in the microwave reactor is such that the mixture is brought to a temperature between 70 and 110 ° C, preferably between 80 and 100 ° C. . Changing to a higher temperature affects the regioselectivity and tends to increase the proportion of o-nitrophenol.
- the inventors have been able to show that it is possible to further increase the regioselectivity by increasing the residence time of the mixture in the microwave reactor, but without increasing the temperature. To do this, the inventors have placed microwave reactors in series between which cooling circuits are interposed.
- step 1) is carried out in at least two consecutive microwave reactors, preferably at least three consecutive microwave reactors and particularly preferably at least four consecutive microwave reactors , with a cooling circuit between each microwave reactor so as to bring the mixture to a temperature between 20 and 40 ° C, preferably between 20 and 30 ° C.
- the residence time within all microwave reactors is between 2 and 20 minutes, preferably between 2 and 15 minutes.
- each of the microwave reactors (optionally apart from the first) comprises a supply of nitric acid.
- Figure 2 illustrates the change in temperature (° C) over time (minutes) of the reaction mixture as it passes through the circuit formed by microwave reactors (MW) interconnected via a cooling circuit.
- Figure 3 shows schematically an installation for performing the first step where the phenol / HNO3 mixture is introduced into a first microwave reactor (MO) in which it passes before passing through a first cooling circuit before circulating in a second, third and then fourth microwave reactor to form the vast majority of p-nitrophenol with, each time, a passage via a cooling circuit between each microwave reactor.
- MO first microwave reactor
- cooling as quickly as possible should be carried out, typically between 0.5 and 3 minutes, preferably between 1 and 2 minutes.
- step 1) it is possible to simply separate the 2 isomers o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol.
- Such purification can be carried out by an intermediate step (between steps 1 and 2) of steam stripping of the o-nitrophenol (cf. US Pat. No. 3,933,929), filtration and washing with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at 70. % then by water (cf. patent EP 0626366), solubilization (using the difference in solubility in various solvents of the two isomers, N-pentane to remove GO-Nitrophenol), ultrafiltration (Yudiarto et al, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 19, p: 103-112, 2000), HPLC (SMB (Simulated Moving Bed) or VARICOL type).
- the p-nitrophenol is purified at the end of step 1) and prior to step 2).
- step 2) without purification and separate p-aminophenol from o-aminophenol at the end of step 2).
- step 2) is carried out by adding dihydrogen under pressure in the presence of a catalyst of Pd / C, Pt / C, Fe / HCl or equivalent.
- the mixture corresponds to the choice of p-nitrophenol in aqueous medium in the presence of an acid (preferably sulfuric acid because it gives better yields than hydrochloric acid in particular) or to p-nitrophenol in solution.
- an acid preferably sulfuric acid because it gives better yields than hydrochloric acid in particular
- alcohol preferably ethanol or methanol.
- the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol is carried out in solution of alcohol, preferably in ethanol.
- the concentration of the alcohol mixture is advantageously between 70% and 95% (by volume relative to the volume of the mixture upstream of the hydrogenation reactor), preferably between 80% and 90%.
- the catalyst used is Pt / C. This is indeed the one that gives the best returns.
- the catalyst charge within the hydrogenation reactor is greater than or equal to 1% (by weight relative to the weight of the mixture within the reactor), preferably greater than or equal to 2% and, particularly preferably, it is equal to 5%.
- the pressure within the hydrogenation reactor is advantageously greater than 20 bars.
- the pressure within the hydrogenation reactor is between 20 and 100 bars, preferably between 20 and 50 bars.
- the temperature of the mixture in the hydrogenation reactor is advantageously above 80 ° C.
- the temperature of the mixture within the hydrogenation reactor is between 80 and 180 ° C, preferably between 100 and 150 ° C.
- step 2) is carried out in at least two consecutive hydrogenation reactors, preferably at least three consecutive hydrogenation reactors and particularly preferably at least four consecutive hydrogenation reactors.
- an on-line analysis of the mixture is carried out between each hydrogenation reactor in order to monitor the kinetics of the reaction and, therefore, to monitor the possible deactivation of the catalyst in order to change it when necessary.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of an installation for carrying out the second step where the mixture comprising p-nitrophenol in solution in ethanol is introduced into a first hydrogenation reactor comprising solid catalyst (Pt / C) and into which is injected hydrogen under pressure before passing through a second, third and then fourth hydrogenation reactor to form the vast majority of p-aminophenol.
- a first hydrogenation reactor comprising solid catalyst (Pt / C) and into which is injected hydrogen under pressure before passing through a second, third and then fourth hydrogenation reactor to form the vast majority of p-aminophenol.
- this second step also has a large number of advantages over conventional processes. Indeed, it guarantees high productivity with a small size due to its continuous operation, it offers great safety due to the small volume required for the reactors, it allows the use of catalysts to the maximum of their lifetime.
- step 2 At the end of step 2), and preferably in the case where the p - nitrophenol would not have been purified at the end of step 1) and prior to step 2).
- the p-aminophenol is purified at the end of step 2).
- Such a separation can be carried out simply by a person skilled in the art with regard to his general knowledge, for example by using the differences in solubility between these 2 isomers.
- the third step of acylation of p-aminophenol to paracetamol it is carried out by adding to the mixture, and leaving the (last) hydrogenation reactor, an acylating agent.
- acylating agent are contemplated both acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
- the acylating agent / p-aminophenol ratio within the mixture, and after the addition of the acylating agent is between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4.
- the mixture comprises alcohol as a solvent, preferably ethanol or methanol.
- the acylation reaction is then carried out by heating, preferably heating the mixture to a temperature between 20 and 90 ° C and for a time between 0.5 and 10 minutes, and particularly preferably by heating the mixture. at a temperature between 20 and 60 ° C and for a time between 1 and 4 minutes.
- acylating agent is acetic acid
- the temperatures used and the reaction time must then be increased.
- the acylation reaction carried out by heating a temperature between 50 and 130 ° C and for a time between 1 and 40 minutes, and particularly preferably by heating at a temperature between 60 and 100 ° C and for a time between 10 and 20 minutes.
- step 3 uses acetic acid and is carried out in microwaves.
- this step 3 does not use any additional solvent (in addition to acetic acid).
- the p-aminophenol / acetic acid ratio is between 1/5 and 1/10, preferably between 1/6 and 1/9.
- the residence time of the mixture in the microwave reactor is such that the mixture is brought to a temperature between 80 and 120 ° C, preferably between 90 and 110 ° C.
- the residence time within all of the microwave reactors is between 1 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes.
- the paracetamol is continuously purified.
- this purification step can be carried out by a simple distillation aimed at removing the solvent.
- this purification step can include a washing step, with purified water, in particular under inert gas, argon or equivalent.
- the reactor is then adjusted so as to obtain a temperature of 160 ° C for one minute and 30 seconds before carrying out cooling to 55 ° C, before initiating a new stage of heating at 120 ° C for one minute and 30 seconds followed by further cooling to 55 ° C.
- the results of HPLC analyzes have shown that a conversion of phenol to nitrophenol is obtained with a yield of 99.35% overall, but above all with a proportion of nearly 60% of p-nitrophenol (and about 40% of o-nitrophenol).
- the experiments are carried out in a continuous microwave (SAIREM) with a 2.45GHz wave generator and 450W power with coaxial / waveguide transition equipped with a cooler.
- SAIREM continuous microwave
- a continuous hydrogenation reactor (total volume 400ml), separated into different zones each equipped with stirrers, the pure solvent is introduced with the Pt / C catalyst.
- the temperature in the reactor is controlled and maintained at the desired temperature by several thermostatic baths which heat or cool the different zones of the continuous reactor.
- the hydrogen pressure is kept constant at the desired pressure in each zone.
- the p-nitrophenol is then introduced continuously into the solvent at a certain rate and concentration.
- Samples are taken at the outlet to measure conversion and selectivity.
- reaction volume in each zone reaction volume in each zone
- catalyst load in each zone catalyst load in each zone
- temperature and Pressure LL in each zone overall flow rate
- the tests are carried out in the reactor type VAPOURTEC R2 + and R3 with a volume of 10 ml, which is supplied by peristaltic pumps. The samples are then recovered at the outlet of the VAPOURTEC to be analyzed by HPLC.
- the solution of p-aminophenol (0, 3M in methanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 5 ml / min and at room temperature.
- the solution of acetic anhydride (0, 3M in methanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 5 ml / min at room temperature.
- the total flow rate is 10 ml / min with a passage time of 1 min in the VAPOURTEC.
- the analyzes showed a conversion of p-aminophenol of 99.9%, with a selectivity of 98.7% for paracetamol.
- the p-aminophenol solution (0.14M in ethanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 5 ml / min and at a temperature of 60 ° C.
- the acetic anhydride solution (0.14M in ethanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 5ml / min at 60 ° C.
- the total flow rate is 10 ml / min with a passage time of 1 min in the VAPOURTEC.
- the analyzes showed a conversion of p-aminophenol of 99.9%, with a selectivity of 98.9% for paracetamol.
- the p-aminophenol solution (0.14M in ethanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 3.3 ml / min and at room temperature.
- the acetic anhydride solution (0.14M in ethanol) is injected into the VAPOURTEC at a flow rate of 3.3 ml / min at room temperature.
- the total flow rate is 6.6 ml / min with a passage time of 1.5 min in the VAPOURTEC.
- the analyzes showed a conversion of p-aminophenol of 99.9%, with a selectivity of 98.9% for paracetamol.
- Microwave conversion test The microwave used was the MONOWAVE 300 (ANTON PAAR) and whose magnetron power is 850 watt. For this, the power is adapted to the desired temperature.
- the various reagents are introduced into a 10 ml reactor with stirring which is placed in the microwave chamber. After the cycle is complete, the reactor is cooled before taking a sample and performing HPLC analysis.
- p-aminophenol is introduced into a solution of acetic anhydride in water (30/70) at a concentration of 7.77 M.
- the reactor is then introduced into the microwave for 10 seconds. and at a temperature of 40 ° C.
- p-aminophenol is introduced into a solution of acetic acid at a concentration of 5M.
- the reactor is then introduced into the microwave for 20 minutes and at a temperature of 100 ° C.
- the reactions were carried out in a tubular borosilicate reactor of 500 mL inserted in a cavity of the "AVOCAD" type (SAIREM company) and coupled to a microwave generator GMS 450 capable of delivering a maximum power of 450 W thanks to a transmission by window. quartz.
- the total irradiated volume is 160 mL.
- the reaction is carried out by microwave irradiation with a power of 250 W, with a microwave generator operating at 2.45 GHz.
- the para-nitrophenol was obtained with a productivity of 25 g / h, and an o / p ratio of 20/80.
- the reaction in batch mode was carried out on a single closed reactor.
- the reactor is preloaded with a solution of 6.95 g of / i-nitrophenol in 100 mL of EtOH and 0.208 mg of SiliaCat P (0) (reagents purchased from Aldrich and catalyst from SiliCycle).
- the reactor was then purged with dinitrogen (3 purges, 5-7 bar) then pressurized with hydrogen (LL Alphagaz, Air Liquide) at 15 bar.
- Stirring is set at 1000 rpm or rpm (revolutions per minute rotation per minute).
- Example 2 The same conditions as those used in Example 2 were used, using the Siliacat Pd (0) catalyst (SiliCycle, Quebec Canada, Ref RD-R815-SiliaCat® PdO), at a rate of 0.5 mol%.
- the reaction in batch mode is carried out on a single closed reactor.
- the reactor is preloaded with a solution of 6.95 g of / nitrophenol in 100 mL of EtOH and 9.75 mg of Pt / C (Sigma Aldrich).
- the reactor is then purged of nitrogen (3 purges, 5-7 bar) then pressurized with hydrogen (LL Alphagaz, Air Liquide) at 15 bar.
- Stirring is set at 1000 rpm and the reactor is heated to 80 ° C. by its jacket for lh20.
- the reactor is inerted by a nitrogen purge and the reaction medium is analyzed by HPLC (reverse phase, C18 column). Analysis shows a 92% conversion of? -Nitrophenol to /; - aminophenol with no trace of reaction co-product.
- Example 5.1 The same device used in Example 5.1 is reused to carry out the reaction on a cascade of two perfectly stirred continuous reactors.
- the exit channel of the first reactor always fitted with a 5 ⁇ m filter candle in order to conserve the catalytic charge of the constant autoclave is connected to the inlet of a second reactor in any point similar to the first.
- the two reactors are loaded with 20 mg of Pt / C 10% w / w (Sigma Aldrich).
- a 50% conversion is simulated in the first reactor (2.72 g of / i-aminophenol for 3.48 g of / i-nitrophenol) and a conversion of 75% is simulated in the second reactor (4 g of p-aminophenol for 1.8 g of / i-nitrophenol).
- the cascade is supplied with a solution p-nitrophenol in ethanol (0.3 M) at a flow rate of 3 mL / min (passage time, 30 minutes per reactor) for 5 hours.
- the second reactor draw-off valve is adjusted so as to have an outlet flow rate approximately equal to the inlet flow rate. No event occurs within 5 hours of reaction. Samples are taken every 4 minutes. HPLC analyzes show that the conversion oscillates between 70 and 83% for 20 minutes before stabilizing around 80% without formation of a co-product.
- a third reactor is connected to the cascade. Similarly, this reactor is loaded with 20 mg of Pt / C, and an initial conversion of 90% is simulated (4.9 g of /> - aminophenol for 695 mg of /> - nitrophenol). Under the conditions described above (80 ° C, 1000 rpm, 15 bar; 12 bar; 10 bar), the cascade is supplied for 4 hours at a flow rate of 4 mL / min (passage time 25 minutes). No event occurs. At the reactor outlet, samples are taken every 4 minutes. HPLC analyzes show that the conversion oscillates between 80 and 96% for 20 minutes before stabilizing at 95% for 4 hours.
- Example 6.1 The same ratios as used in Example 6.1 were tested continuously. However, after 5 minutes of residence time in the continuous reactor, the aqueous solution of phenol was added, and after a residence time of 5 minutes the nitrosophenol was obtained continuously.
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FR2004184A FR3109580B1 (fr) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Procédé de synthèse du paracétamol en continu |
FR2012032A FR3109581B1 (fr) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-11-23 | Procédé de synthèse du paracétamol en continu |
PCT/EP2021/061000 WO2021219647A1 (fr) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Procede de synthese du paracetamol en continu |
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FR3134996A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-03 | Ipsomedic | Cascade de réacteur Gaz - Liquide – Solide et Liquide-Solide pour la réalisation de réactions chimiques en flux continu sous pression ou haute pression |
FR3138327B1 (fr) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-06-21 | Thales Sa | Système de chauffage en flux continu de molécules chimiques pour des réactions de chimie organique et catalyse |
CN117924092B (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2025-03-04 | 棓诺(苏州)新材料有限公司 | 一种2-烯丙基-4-硝基苯酚的制备方法 |
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WO1999023061A1 (fr) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-05-14 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Procede de production de composes nitres aromatiques |
FR1602746A (fr) * | 1968-12-31 | 1971-01-18 | ||
GB1421118A (en) * | 1971-11-16 | 1976-01-14 | Albright & Wilson | Electrolytic reduction of nitrosophenols |
FR2185063A5 (fr) | 1972-05-15 | 1973-12-28 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | |
FR2638741B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-12-28 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de preparation de nitrophenols |
JP2801391B2 (ja) | 1989-12-27 | 1998-09-21 | 三井化学株式会社 | p―アセチルアミノフェノールの製造法 |
DE69418768T2 (de) | 1993-04-30 | 1999-10-21 | Hoechst Celanese Corp., Somerville | Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-acylierten Aminophenolen |
FR2705672B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-07-21 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procédé de préparation de nitrophénols. |
RU2076096C1 (ru) * | 1995-05-30 | 1997-03-27 | Российский научный центр "Прикладная химия" | Способ получения п-нитрозофенола |
CN1207267C (zh) * | 1999-06-14 | 2005-06-22 | 安徽八一化工集团有限公司 | 由对硝基苯酚制备对氨基苯酚的液相加氢新工艺 |
US6969775B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2005-11-29 | The Texas A&M University System | Method of producing organic compounds in presence of oxyethylene ether catalyst and in a solvent minimized environment |
CN1193982C (zh) * | 2003-02-11 | 2005-03-23 | 中国石化集团南京化工厂 | 制备对乙酰氨基苯酚的方法 |
JP5494904B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-03 | 2014-05-21 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | モノニトロ化法とその製造反応装置 |
EP2266949B1 (fr) | 2009-06-10 | 2013-05-29 | Gregoria, Liberata | Synthèse quantitative haute efficacité rapide de paracétamol |
CN103113254B (zh) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-04-16 | 河北工业大学 | 从硝基苯直接合成对乙酰氨基苯酚的工艺 |
EP2975018A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | DSM Fine Chemicals Austria Nfg GmbH & Co KG | Procédé de nitrosation de phénol |
EP2975026A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | DSM Fine Chemicals Austria Nfg GmbH & Co KG | Procédé de nitrosation d'un composé organique |
CN104356007A (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-18 | 辽宁世星药化有限公司 | 对氨基苯酚的生产方法 |
CN106631709B (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2020-01-10 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 一种羟基酪醇的提取及硝基化的方法 |
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FR3109581B1 (fr) | 2023-03-10 |
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BR112022021899A2 (pt) | 2022-12-13 |
JP2023523344A (ja) | 2023-06-02 |
FR3109581A1 (fr) | 2021-10-29 |
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