EP4052815B1 - Secondary cooling method for continuous cast strand - Google Patents

Secondary cooling method for continuous cast strand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4052815B1
EP4052815B1 EP20882570.3A EP20882570A EP4052815B1 EP 4052815 B1 EP4052815 B1 EP 4052815B1 EP 20882570 A EP20882570 A EP 20882570A EP 4052815 B1 EP4052815 B1 EP 4052815B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
strand
spray
cooling
water
spray nozzles
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EP20882570.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4052815A4 (en
EP4052815A1 (en
Inventor
Kenichi Osuka
Satoshi Ueoka
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B22D11/1246—Nozzles; Spray heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a secondary cooling method for a continuously cast strand.
  • Molten steel poured from a tundish (not shown) into a mold 3 is subjected to primary cooling in the mold 3 to form a flat plate-shaped strand 5 having a solidifying shell.
  • the strand 5 travels downward through a vertical zone 7 keeping the flat plate-shape to a curved zone 11.
  • the strand 5 is bent in a bending unit 9 on the entrance side of the curved zone 11 while guided by a plurality of rolls (not shown) such that a constant radius of curvature is maintained.
  • the strand 5 is bent back (straightened) in a straightening unit 13 while the radius of curvature is gradually increased.
  • the strand 5 exiting the straightening unit 13 has a flat plate shape again and travels to a horizontal zone 15. After completion of solidification in the horizontal zone 15, the strand 5 is cut to a prescribed length by a gas cutting machine 17 disposed on the exit side of the continuous casting machine 1.
  • the strand 5 is subjected to secondary cooling using water sprays (water-fluid sprays or water-air binary fluid mixture mist sprays) in a region extending from the vertical zone 7 to the horizontal zone 15 in order to complete solidification of a central portion of the strand 5.
  • water sprays water-fluid sprays or water-air binary fluid mixture mist sprays
  • the surface temperature is adjusted to over the embrittlement temperature range to avoid the occurrence of transverse cracking.
  • the speed of casting may be increased for the purpose of improving the production efficiency.
  • the strand is straightened while the central portion of the strand is unsolidified, and the solidification is completed by performing intensive cooling in the horizontal zone 15 in the final stage of the continuous casting.
  • the cooling capacity in the intensive cooling zone is unstable, temperature variations occur on the surface of the strand, and surface cracking occurs due to thermal stress caused by the temperature variations.
  • intensive cooling is performed in the final stage of the continuous casting process, the solidification completion position in the central portion of the strand is unsteady due to any uneven cooling, and this affects the interior quality of the strand. Therefore, to achieve a high cooling capacity stably in the intensive cooling zone, it is desirable that the cooling water maintains a nucleate boiling state on the surface of the strand.
  • a plurality of guide rolls 19 are disposed, and the cooling water is sprayed between the guide rolls 19 (see Fig. 5 ).
  • the high cooling capacity is maintained because the cooling water is continuously supplied from the nozzles.
  • heat is removed only by contact with the guide rolls 19 and retained water, so that the cooling capacity is low. Therefore, when the strand travels from a directly sprayed region X to a non-directly sprayed region Y, the surface temperature of the strand increases greatly (recuperation). In this case, even when the strand enters a next directly sprayed region X between rolls, the nucleate boiling state is not obtained rapidly, and the boiling state varies unstably in the casting direction, so that large temperature fluctuations occur.
  • a similar unstable transition of the boiling state can occur also in the width direction of the strand, so that a large temperature difference occurs also in the width direction of the strand.
  • These temperature fluctuations cause thermal stress to be generated on the surface of the strand, and surface cracking thereby occurs.
  • the solidification completion position becomes unsteady in the width direction of the strand. In this case, the internal quality deteriorates, and this results in problems in quality.
  • Patent Literature 1 proposes a technique for increasing the uniformity of the cooling capacity by specifying the ratio of the length of regions directly sprayed with water in the casting direction to the distance between guide rolls.
  • Patent Literature 2 proposes a technique in which coolant guide plates are disposed between guide rolls so as to be close to the surface of the strand in order to spread the cooling water over the surface of the strand.
  • Patent Literature 1 With the technique in Patent Literature 1, the uniformity of cooling in the casting direction is improved by increasing the area of the regions sprayed directly with water. However, no mention is made of the boiling state in the directly sprayed regions, and it is unclear whether nucleate boiling is achieved and maintained stably under the intensive cooling conditions described above.
  • the spray pattern of the spray water used in the width direction of the strand is not described, it can be inferred that the water is sprayed as two elliptical streams.
  • the spray width and the water volume density of the spray water at the edges in the width direction are smaller than those at the center, so that the intended uniformity of the cooling capacity cannot be achieved.
  • the spray nozzles each have a plurality of spray ports.
  • the shape of the nozzles is complicated, and the risk of nozzle clogging increases, so that it is likely that an ideal spray thickness cannot be obtained.
  • the guide plates are disposed very close to the surface of the strand, the risk of collision is high, and there may be a possibility that flaws are formed on the surface of the strand and the guide plates are damaged.
  • small-diameter water supply ports are disposed near the strand. Therefore, even when no collision or damage occurs, the water supply ports may be clogged with scale pieces during continuous use. The damage to the guide plates or clogging of the water supply ports may cause the water film formed to be non-uniform. In this case, the nucleate boiling state cannot be achieved, and this causes non-uniformity of cooling. Therefore, to obtain uniformity of the cooling capacity, it is important to maintain the soundness of the facility.
  • the guide plates are disposed so as to block the spaces between the rolls, they cannot be easily detached and attached for inspection. Therefore, to perform the uniform cooling claimed, a high facility management cost is required.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the foregoing problems, and it is an object to provide a secondary cooling method for a continuously cast strand in which the nucleate boiling state can be achieved stably in both the casting direction of the strand and the width direction thereof, so that the facility can be easily maintained and the uniformity of the cooling capacity can be improved.
  • JP 5 094154 B2 , JP 2006 315044 A , and JP 5 146006 B2 relate to the secondary cooling method of the continuously cast strand.
  • the spray nozzles having a quadrangular spray pattern are arranged in the width direction of the strand in the secondary cooling zone of the continuous casting machine.
  • the values of the water volume density of the cooling water at the two points A and B that are spaced apart in the casting direction by a distance L are 50% of the maximum value in the water volume distribution in the casting direction.
  • the guide rolls and the spray nozzles are disposed such that the relation between the distance L and the center-to-center distance P satisfies L/P ⁇ 0.70.
  • the strand is cooled while the nucleate boiling state is maintained in the range between the points A and B, and this allows the nucleate boiling to be achieved and maintained stably over a wide area of the surface of the strand, so that a high-quality strand can be produced stably.
  • a secondary cooling method for a continuously cast strand in an embodiment is used in a continuous casting machine 1 having a secondary cooling zone including a vertical zone 7, a bending unit 9, a curved zone 11, a straightening unit 13, and a horizontal zone 15 that are disposed in this order from the upstream side in a casting direction (see Fig. 4 ).
  • the secondary cooling method includes cooling a strand 5 using spray nozzles 21 having a quadrangular spray pattern.
  • the spray nozzles 21 are arranged in the width direction of the strand between guide rolls 19 having a radius d (unit: mm) in part or all of the horizontal zone 15 in the secondary cooling zone.
  • the guide rolls 19 are arranged in the casting direction with a center-to-center distance P (unit: mm).
  • the values of the water volume density of the cooling water at two points A and B that are spaced apart in the casting direction by a distance L are 50% of the maximum value in the water volume distribution in the casting direction.
  • the guide rolls 19 and the spray nozzles 21 are disposed such that the relation between the distance L and the center-to-center distance P satisfies formula (1) below, and the strand 5 is cooled while a nucleate boiling state is maintained in the range between the point A and the point B.
  • the spray nozzles 21 used have a quadrangular spray pattern as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the reason that the spray nozzles 21 having the quadrangular spray pattern are used is as follows.
  • an exposed portion of the surface of the strand (the surface to be cooled) has an elongated rectangular shape (long in the width direction of the strand and short in the casting direction).
  • the spray nozzles 21 having the quadrangular spray pattern are arranged in the width direction of the strand. In this manner, the cooling water can be sprayed directly onto the surface to be cooled uniformly without unsprayed areas, and nucleate boiling occurs uniformly, so that no local recuperation occurs.
  • Widthwise water volume density distributions of spray nozzles 21 adjacent in the width direction of the strand overlap each other to form a lapping portion. It is desirable that lapping margins of the spray regions of the adjacent spray nozzles 21 are set such that the water volume density in the lapping portion is from 50% to 100% of the maximum value of the water volume density when the water is sprayed from one spray nozzle.
  • the water volume density in the lapping portion is less than 50% of the maximum value, the water volume density in the lapping portion is insufficient, and the nucleate boiling state is not obtained during cooling, so that temperature unevenness occurs in the width direction. If the water volume density in the lapping portion is more than 100%, the lapping region is too large. In this case, streams of the cooling water from adjacent spray nozzles 21 interfere so much with each other, and the expected water volume density distribution is not obtained when the cooling water is actually sprayed, so that it is highly feared that cooling may be nonuniform.
  • the values of the water volume density of the cooling water at the two points A and B that are spaced apart in the casting direction by a distance L are 50% of the maximum value in the water volume distribution in the casting direction.
  • the guide rolls 19 and the spray nozzles 21 are disposed such that the relation between the distance L and the center-to-center distance P satisfies L/P ⁇ 0.70.
  • the cooling water impinging on the strand flows from the directly sprayed portions so as to spread outward.
  • the flow in the casting direction is dammed in the gaps between the strand and the guide rolls. Then flows in the width directions of the strand are formed, and the cooling water is drained. Therefore, when the water volume density is large, if the area of the non-directly sprayed portions is excessively small, the flows near the rolls and the directly sprayed portions may interfere with each other. It is therefore desirable that the relation between the distance L between the two points A and B and the center-to-center distance P satisfies L/P ⁇ 0.90.
  • the thickness of the sprays does not change in the width direction of the strand, and the L/P can fall within the specified range in the entire region in the width direction.
  • the spray thickness in the directly sprayed portions is small at edge portions in the width direction of the strand, so that it is difficult to allow the value of L/P to fall within the prescribed range over the entire region in the width direction of the strand.
  • the water volume density is an important factor. If the water volume density is insufficient, even when the strand 5 enters a range directly sprayed with the cooling water, the nucleate boiling state is not achieved immediately. In this case, the temperature of the strand 5 is reduced by film boiling, and then transition to nucleate boiling occurs.
  • the cooling rates differ at different widthwise positions (the widthwise central portion of the strand and the corners of the strand). Since the transition point from film boiling to nucleate boiling is influenced by the surface quality, the starting points of nucleate boiling vary in the width direction of the strand. Therefore, large temperature variations occur in the width direction, and surface cracking due to thermal stress or variations in the internal solidification completion positions in the width direction occur. This may cause surface and internal defects.
  • the inventors have conducted studies on the water volume density that allows the nucleate boiling state to be rapidly achieved and maintained in the portions directly sprayed with the cooling water and found that the water volume density must be at least 400 (L/m 2 )/min.
  • the reason that the water volume density must be at least 400 (L/m 2 )/min is as follows.
  • the cooling water on the surface of the strand is in the film boiling state, and a vapor film is formed.
  • the volume density of the sprayed water is less than 400 (L/m 2 )/min, the water volume density is small. In this case, the vapor film is not broken immediately by the impingement of the cooling water, and the film boiling state is maintained until the surface temperature of the strand is reduced to some extent. After then the surface temperature decreases, and the transition from film boiling to nucleate boiling occurs. Then the cooling proceeds rapidly.
  • the boiling state is uniform irrespective of the position on the surface of the strand, and no temperature unevenness occurs.
  • the water volume density in the intensive cooling zone is in the range of from 400 (L/m 2 )/min to 2000 (L/m 2 )/min inclusive.
  • the water volume density within the range of from 400 (L/m 2 )/min to 2000 (L/m 2 )/min inclusive under some operation conditions (such as the surface temperature of the strand, the impact pressure of the cooling water, etc.), and the water volume density is set such that the nucleate boiling state is obtained.
  • the prescribed water volume density is not achieved for some reason such as a malfunction in the facility, e.g., water leakage from piping, and the nucleate boiling state is not achieved immediately after the strand enters the intensive cooling section, it is necessary to increase the water volume while the boiling state is monitored to thereby achieve and maintain the nucleate boiling state reliably.
  • a camera is installed in each section, and the amount of the cloud of spray generated is monitored by visual observation or measurement using a transmissometer. Specifically, the threshold of the amount of the cloud of spray generated at which film boiling changes to nucleate boiling is determined by experiments in advance. Then whether or not the amount of the cloud of spray generated exceeds the threshold is checked to determine whether the nucleate boiling state is achieved in a prescribed section. When the nucleate boiling state is not achieved, the volume of the cooling water is increased. In this manner, the nucleate boiling state can be achieved and maintained reliably.
  • the fluid temperature and the solid temperature are locally equal to each other at the point of contact.
  • the temperature of water in the liquid state can rise only to its boiling point under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, when nucleate boiling is achieved, the surface temperature of the strand is considered to be about 100°C.
  • contact-type thermometers each having a small probe to check whether the temperatures are stable at around 100°C.
  • sprays of water having a quadrangular spray pattern are used in the region in which intensive cooling is performed in the secondary cooling zone, and the spray angle and the spray height are set such that the length of the portions directly sprayed with the cooling water between the guide rolls 19 is 70% of the spacing between the adjacent rolls. Then the cooling is performed while the nucleate boiling state is maintained in the portions directly sprayed with the cooling water. In this case, large temperature fluctuations on the surface of the strand can be prevented. Therefore, surface and internal defects such as surface cracking and variations in the solidification completion positions can be prevented, and a high-quality strand 5 can be produced stably.
  • the center of the nozzle spray port is denoted as point C.
  • the angle (spray angle) ⁇ unit: degrees
  • the angle between straight line CA and straight line CB is desirably set to 100 degrees or less in order to maintain the uniformity of the water volume distribution.
  • points A and B Two points at which the volume of the cooling water sprayed from the spray nozzle 21 is 50% of the maximum value in the water volume distribution in the casting direction are denoted as points A and B. Then it is necessary that the spray angle ⁇ be set such that the distance L between the points A and B (hereinafter referred to as a directly sprayed portion length L) satisfies formula (1). The conditions that must be satisfied by the spray angle ⁇ will be described.
  • the spray angle ⁇ is set within the range of formula (2).
  • P P / 2 ⁇ L / 2 d tan 180 ⁇ ⁇ 4 180 ⁇ 4 tan ⁇ 1 3 P 20 d ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 100
  • the directly sprayed portion length L for a given spray angle ⁇ can be expressed by formula (6).
  • the lower limit of the height h can be expressed by formula (7).
  • the upper limit of the height h is the position at which the straight lines CA and CB are in contact with the guide rolls 19, and therefore formula (8) holds.
  • formula (6) By substituting formula (6) into formula (8) and transforming the resulting formula with respect to the height h, the upper limit of the height h is expressed by formula (9). Therefore, the range of the height h is expressed by formula (3) . [Math.
  • the directly sprayed portion length L is 70% or more of the spacing P between the guide rolls.
  • the range of the directly sprayed portions can be sufficiently large, and local fluctuations in the surface temperature of the strand can be prevented.
  • a strand 5 was produced using the cooling device (see Figs. 1 and 2 ) in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the machine length of the continuous casting machine 1 is 45 m, and thermometers for measuring the temperature distribution on the surface of the strand and a gas cutting machine 17 are disposed at a machine end.
  • Slabs were produced using guide rolls 19 with various radii, various spacings between the guide rolls 19, spray nozzles 21 with various spray angles, various pitches of the spray nozzles in the strand width direction, various installation heights of the spray nozzles, various casting speeds, and various water volume densities. Then temperature unevenness during cooling, the surface quality of the cast slabs, internal defects, and the cost of production were evaluated.
  • the thicknesses of all the cast slabs were set to 235 mm.
  • Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2 slabs were cast using the conditions of a conventional technique and the technique of the present invention, respectively.
  • water sprays having an elliptic spray pattern (see Fig. 3 ) were used.
  • the produced slab was inspected, and surface cracking due to the temperature fluctuations was found on the surface of the slab.
  • the nucleate boiling state could not be achieved rapidly over the entire width of the strand. Therefore, the strand could not be cooled efficiently, and the casting speed was limited to 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the solidification completion position in the central inner portion of the strand was unsteady, and the deviation of centerline segregation and internal defects such as internal cracking were found.
  • the temperature fluctuations in the casting direction could be reduced, and the boiling state could be achieved rapidly and maintained in the width direction of the strand.
  • the cast slab was inspected. Then no surface defects and no internal defects were found, and the high quality slab could be produced highly efficiently.
  • Example 2 the same facility arrangement as that in Example 1 was used, and the water volume density of the cooling water was set to 2000 (L/m 2 )/min. In this case, the temperature fluctuations in the casting direction could be reduced, and the boiling state could be achieved rapidly and maintained in the width direction of the strand. The cast slab was inspected. Then no surface defects and no internal defects were found, and the high quality slab could be produced highly efficiently.
  • Example 4 the nozzles used had a larger spray angle (100°) than that in Example 1.
  • the cast slab was inspected. Then no surface defects and no internal defects were found, and the high quality slab could be produced highly efficiently, as in Example 3.
  • Example 3 the spray height was changed with respect to the condition in Example 1.
  • the range of the spray height h determined from formula (3) is 97 to 101 mm.
  • the spray heights h were set to the lower and upper limits, respectively, and these conditions satisfy L/P ⁇ 0.70. The cast slabs were inspected. Then no surface defects and no internal defects were found, and the high quality slabs could be produced highly efficiently.
  • Comparative Example 5 the same spray nozzles 21 as those in Example 1 were used, and the water volume density was reduced to 350 (L/m 2 )/min. In this case, the nucleate boiling state could not be achieved stably, as in Comparative Example 4. The cast slab was inspected, and surface cracks and internal defects were found.
  • Example 7 the same spray nozzles 21 as those in Example 1 were used, and the radius d of the guide rolls 19 and their spacing P were changed to 80 mm and 250 mm, respectively.
  • Example 7 the nozzle installation height was adjusted to 85 mm to allow all the cooling water to be sprayed onto the strand.
  • the water volume density was adjusted to the intended value, 400(L/m 2 )/min, and L/P was 0.74 and satisfied to be equal to or more than 0.70. Therefore, the temperature fluctuations on the surface of the strand could be reduced, and the nucleate boiling state could be achieved rapidly and maintained.
  • the cast slab was inspected. Then no surface defects and no internal defects were found, and the high quality slab could be produced highly efficiently.
  • Example 1 the spray nozzles 21 were disposed between the support rollers in the secondary cooling zone and arranged on straight lines (no staggered arrangement) with a spacing of 250 mm (width pitch: 250 mm) so as to be parallel to the rolls.
  • Example 7 the spray nozzles 21 were arranged with a spacing of 210 mm. Under any of these conditions, the water volume density in the lapping portions was within the range of from 50% to 100% of the maximum value, and no defects were found as described above.
  • Comparative Example 7 only the width pitch of the spray nozzles 21 in Example 1 was changed to 275 mm, and the water volume density in the lapping portions was 40% of the maximum value, so that the nucleate boiling state could not be achieved stably.
  • temperature unevenness in the width direction was found along the arrangement of the spray nozzles 21 and was clearly noticeable even by visual inspection. Moreover, vertical cracking considered to be due to the temperature unevenness in the width direction was found on the surface of the slab.
  • spray nozzles 21 are disposed such that the water volume density in the lapping portions is in the range of from 50% to 100% of the maximum value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
EP20882570.3A 2019-10-29 2020-10-28 Secondary cooling method for continuous cast strand Active EP4052815B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019195833 2019-10-29
PCT/JP2020/040435 WO2021085474A1 (ja) 2019-10-29 2020-10-28 連続鋳造鋳片の二次冷却方法

Publications (3)

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EP4052815A1 EP4052815A1 (en) 2022-09-07
EP4052815A4 EP4052815A4 (en) 2022-10-19
EP4052815B1 true EP4052815B1 (en) 2023-08-30

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EP (1) EP4052815B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP7052931B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102631495B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN114641356B (zh)
TW (1) TWI770652B (zh)
WO (1) WO2021085474A1 (zh)

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JP3779194B2 (ja) 2001-10-31 2006-05-24 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造における二次冷却方法
KR100843920B1 (ko) * 2001-12-26 2008-07-03 주식회사 포스코 연속주조시 주편의 표면응고속도 균일화방법
JP2005103628A (ja) * 2003-10-01 2005-04-21 Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd 連続鋳造ブルームの均一冷却方法およびその冷却水注水ノズル
JP2006315044A (ja) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-24 Nippon Steel Corp 連続鋳造におけるスプレー冷却方法
JP5094154B2 (ja) * 2007-02-19 2012-12-12 株式会社神戸製鋼所 連続鋳造機における鋳片冷却方法
JP5146006B2 (ja) * 2008-02-26 2013-02-20 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造における二次冷却方法
JP5708340B2 (ja) * 2011-07-21 2015-04-30 新日鐵住金株式会社 連続鋳造鋳片の冷却方法
JP5598614B2 (ja) * 2011-11-15 2014-10-01 新日鐵住金株式会社 連続鋳造機の二次冷却装置及び二次冷却方法
JP5817689B2 (ja) * 2012-09-10 2015-11-18 新日鐵住金株式会社 連続鋳造の二次冷却方法
JP5825250B2 (ja) * 2012-12-25 2015-12-02 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 熱延鋼帯の冷却方法および冷却装置
JP6079387B2 (ja) * 2013-04-02 2017-02-15 新日鐵住金株式会社 連続鋳造鋳片の冷却方法及び冷却装置
WO2015037093A1 (ja) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-19 新日鐵住金株式会社 噴射ノズル及び連続鋳造の二次冷却方法
KR101585797B1 (ko) * 2014-10-16 2016-01-25 주식회사 포스코 주편 냉각방법
JP6369571B2 (ja) * 2015-01-15 2018-08-08 新日鐵住金株式会社 鋳片の連続鋳造方法
KR102092618B1 (ko) * 2016-01-29 2020-03-24 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 연속 주조 주편의 이차 냉각 방법 및 이차 냉각 장치
JP6747142B2 (ja) 2016-07-28 2020-08-26 日本製鉄株式会社 連続鋳造の二次冷却方法及び二次冷却装置
JP6631554B2 (ja) * 2017-02-17 2020-01-15 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 連続鋳造における鋳片の２次冷却方法および鋼の連続鋳造方法

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KR102631495B1 (ko) 2024-01-30
WO2021085474A1 (ja) 2021-05-06
EP4052815A4 (en) 2022-10-19
CN114641356B (zh) 2024-04-05
TWI770652B (zh) 2022-07-11
CN114641356A (zh) 2022-06-17
KR20220069059A (ko) 2022-05-26
JP7052931B2 (ja) 2022-04-12
EP4052815A1 (en) 2022-09-07
JPWO2021085474A1 (ja) 2021-12-09
TW202133967A (zh) 2021-09-16

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