EP3986700A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung sphärischer thermoplastischer polymerpartikel - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung sphärischer thermoplastischer polymerpartikelInfo
- Publication number
- EP3986700A1 EP3986700A1 EP20734150.4A EP20734150A EP3986700A1 EP 3986700 A1 EP3986700 A1 EP 3986700A1 EP 20734150 A EP20734150 A EP 20734150A EP 3986700 A1 EP3986700 A1 EP 3986700A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic polymer
- particles
- aqueous solution
- value
- spherical shape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/10—Making granules by moulding the material, i.e. treating it in the molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
- C08J3/16—Powdering or granulating by coagulating dispersions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L31/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L31/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08L31/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
- B29B2009/125—Micropellets, microgranules, microparticles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
- B29B2009/166—Deforming granules to give a special form, e.g. spheroidizing, rounding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing particles of a thermoplas tables polymer, wherein the particles spherical shape and a particle size distribution with egg nem d [4.3] value of more than 10 pm and a dgo, 3 value of more than 20 have pm.
- the invention further relates to spherical particles of a thermoplastic polymer, obtained or obtainable by this process, as well as spherical particles of a thermoplastic polymer per se, the particles having a particle size distribution with ad [4,3] value of more than 10 pm and a dgo , 3 value of more than 20 pm.
- the invention relates to the use of spherical shape having Direction particles ei nes thermoplastic polymer, preferably in the form of a powder, preferably having a particle size distribution with a d [4.3] value of more than 10 pm and a dgo, 3 value of more than 20 pm, for additive manufacturing processes.
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide a method with which a powder with spherical particles of a thermoplastic polymer can be provided.
- the object is achieved with a method for producing particles of a thermoplastic polymer, the particles having a spherical shape, comprising
- thermoplastic polymer in a molten state
- aqueous solution of at least one surface-active substance where the aqueous solution of the at least one surface-active substance has a temperature in the range from 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 150 to 250 ° C;
- thermoplastic polymer iii) dispersing the at least one thermoplastic polymer according to (i) in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance according to (ii) to obtain an aqueous solution comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer;
- the particle size distribution was determined by means of the Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction spectrometer from Malvern Panalytical GmbH, 71083dorfberg. This measuring method is known to the person skilled in the art.
- the expression “d [4,3] -value” describes the mean particle size with the so-called De Brouckere diameter d [4,3], whereby the particle size obtained is weighted by volume, ie particles with a large diameter are more strongly included in the signal .
- the "dgo, 3- value” and the "d 5 o, 3-value” are used to describe a particle size distribution of a Parti kelensembles, each 90 or 50% by volume of the particles have a size smaller than the respectively specified values.
- the method for producing particles of a thermoplastic polymer comprises (i):
- thermoplastic polymer (1.2) melting the at least one thermoplastic polymer to obtain the min least one thermoplastic polymer in the molten state; wherein melting is preferably carried out by heating the at least one thermoplastic polymer to a temperature above the glass transition temperature Tg, more preferably above half the melting temperature Tm.
- Melting according to (i.2) is preferably carried out in an extruder or by means of extrusion.
- thermoplastic polymer also includes proportionally melted variants in which at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, further preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight of the at least one thermoplastic polymer are melted.
- the upper temperature limit for melting and further processing of the thermoplastic polymer depends on the respective polymer. The person skilled in the art is aware that it must be selected so that the viscosity is low enough to be able to convey the polymer in question through pipes into the dispersing machine and to be able to comminute the polymer to the desired drop fineness in the flow field of the dispersing apparatus. On the other hand, it must not be chosen too high so that any undesired change in the molar mass / molar mass distribution is avoided. In no case should it be so high that the polymer decomposes.
- Step (iii) preferably comprises steps (iii.1) and (iii.2):
- thermoplastic polymer (111.2) dispersing the at least one thermoplastic polymer according to (i) or (iii.1) in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance according to (ii) or (iii.2), to obtain an aqueous solution comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer.
- Steps (iii1.) And (iii.2) take place sequentially and / or simultaneously, i.e.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer obtained in accordance with (i) is preferably added continuously or discontinuously, preferably continuously, in the molten state to that of the aqueous solution provided in accordance with (ii) at least one surface-active substance, the dispersing in accordance with (iii.2) being continuous or discontinuously, preferably continuously.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer in the molten state is advantageously divided up directly and without phase inversion by the shear forces acting during dispersing and distributed accordingly evenly in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance.
- the aqueous solution obtained according to (iii) comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer is in the form of a dispersion with the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance as continuous phase and the thermoplastic polymer as the disperse phase.
- the molten thermoplastic polymer is dispersed in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance according to (iii) under the action of mechanical force, ultrasound and / or High pressure homogenization to obtain an aqueous solution comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer.
- the molten thermoplastic polymer is preferably dispersed in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance in a dispersing device known to the person skilled in the art, such as stirrers, static mixers, dynamic dispersing machines such as rotor-stator dispersing machines such as toothed ring dispersing machines, colloid mills and dynamic continuous mixers, and rotor-rotor Dispersing machines.
- a dispersing device known to the person skilled in the art, such as stirrers, static mixers, dynamic dispersing machines such as rotor-stator dispersing machines such as toothed ring dispersing machines, colloid mills and dynamic continuous mixers, and rotor-rotor Dispersing machines.
- the dispersion can also take place by means of ultrasound or with the aid of a high-pressure homogenizer.
- the particles having a spherical shape, dispersing takes place according to
- the cooling takes place according to
- the separation according to (v) can be carried out using methods which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example by filtration or centrifugation or a mixture of filtration and centrifugation or successive filtration and centrifugation or centrifugation and filtration.
- the particles separated according to (v) or (vi), which have a spherical shape have a particle size distribution with ad [4,3] value of more than 20 miti , preferably of more than 50 ⁇ m, more preferably of more than 70 gm and / or, preferably and, a dgo , 3 value of more than 50 gm, preferably of more than 100 gm.
- the classification of the particle size distribution of the powder containing the spherical particles obtained after the optionally optional drying can be carried out, for example, by means of sieving or by air classification or by a combination of both methods. It is also possible to narrow the particle size distribution before the To carry out separation according to (iv) or the subsequent optional drying according to (v) in the suspension, for example by wet sieving or separation in a gravitational or centrifugal field or a combination of both methods.
- the particles separated or dried according to (v) and having a spherical shape have a particle size distribution with ad [4,3] value in the range of>
- the dio, 3-value is preferably in the range of 2 to 80 gm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 gm, more preferably in the range 8 gm to 40 wt.
- the drying which is optionally carried out after the separation, takes place by means of methods which are known to the person skilled in the art and which have no influence on the particle shape and particle size distribution.
- the particles separated off according to (v), which represent the dry material are dried. Suitable methods for drying such dry material are preferably selected from the group consisting of heating, freeze drying, supercritical drying, microwave drying, vacuum drying, adsorption drying, condensation drying and the use of heating gases.
- Devices selected from the group consisting of paddle dryers, belt dryers and (drying) suction filters are preferably used for drying.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester, polyether ester, polyester ester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether amide, polybutadiene styrene and ethylene vinyl acetate, more preferably from the group consisting of made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); Polyamide, polyamide copolymer, and polyester, more preferably at least TPU is included.
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- polyamide, polyamide copolymer, and polyester more preferably at least TPU is included.
- further compounds such as, for example, catalysts and / or customary auxiliaries and / or additives can be used.
- Usual auxiliaries are, for example, fillers, flame retardants, nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, lubricants and mold release aids, dyes, pigments and optionally stabilizers, for example to protect against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and Plasticizers.
- Usual auxiliaries and Examples of additives can be found in the “Plastics Handbook” (“Kunststoffhandbuch”; 7, “Polyurethane”, Carl Hanser Verlag, 1st edition 1966, pages 103-113).
- TPU Thermoplastic polyurethane
- a TPU is based on the following components:
- At least one compound (C1) having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups at least one compound (C1) having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups
- the molar ratio of the at least one diol (D1) to the at least one isocyanate (11) is usually in the range from 1: 3 to 3: 1.
- the molar ratio of the at least one diol (D1) to at least one isocyanate (11) is preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in the range from 1: 1.2 to 1: 1.8, more preferably in Range from 1: 1, 4 to 1: 1, 6.
- the at least one compound (C1) can be any compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups.
- the isocyanate-reactive groups are preferably hydroxyl or amino groups.
- the at least one compound (C1) can be added to modify the properties of the TPU. Any compound can be used as long as it is capable of giving a thermoplastic polyurethane with the mixture of the at least one diol (D1) and the at least one isocyanate (11).
- the at least one compound (C1) can be a polyol, but also a polymer with at least two hydroxyl groups or at least two amino groups other than a polyol, for example a hydrophobic polymer or oligomer comprising silicon.
- the at least one compound (C1) having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups is a polyol.
- Polyols are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in "Kunststoffhandbuch, 7, Polyurethane", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition 1993, section 3.1.
- Polyols, which are preferably used, are polymeric compounds which have hydrogen atoms which are reactive towards isocyanates. All suitable polyols can be replaced here, for example polyether polyols or polyester polyols or mixtures of two or more thereof, preferably polyether diols or polyester diols, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
- Suitable polyether diols are, for example, polyether diols based on tetrahydrofuran (TH F), ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) or mixtures thereof, for example copolymers such as block copolymers.
- TH F tetrahydrofuran
- EO ethylene oxide
- PO propylene oxide
- any suitable polyester diol can be used, polyester diol also here including polycarbonate diols. At least one polyester diol is preferably used.
- the at least one isocyanate (11) is preferably at least one polyisocyanate (11).
- Aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, can be used as polyisocyanate (11).
- aromatic diisocyanates should be mentioned by way of example: 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, mixtures of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2.2 '-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), mixtures of 2,4 and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, urethane-modified liquid 4,4'- and / or 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylethane, mixtures of monomeric metandiphenyl diisocyanates and other highly polycyclic homologues of methanediphenyl diisocyanate (polymeric M DI), 1,2 and 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate.
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- Aliphatic diisocyanates are customary aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, for example tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methylpentamethylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 2-ethylbutylene-1,4 -diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, i PDS), 1,4 and / or 1,3 bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI),
- 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate 1-methyl-2,4- and / or -2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4 '- and / or 2,2'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H 12M DI).
- the isocyanate (11) comprises at least hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate.
- the polyisocyanate can be used pure or in the form of a composition, for example as an isocyanate prepolymer. Furthermore, a mixture comprising polyisocyanate and at least one solvent can be used, suitable solvents being known to the person skilled in the art.
- Polyisocyanate prepolymers can be obtained by reacting the above-described polyisocyanates in excess, for example at temperatures in the range from 30 to 100 ° C., preferably at more than 80 ° C., with polyols to preserve the prepolymer.
- polyisocyanates for the preparation of the prepolymer, preference is given to using polyisocyanates and commercially available polyols based on polyesters, based on, for example, adipic acid, or on polyethers, based on, for example, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
- Polyols are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in "Kunststoffhand buch, 7, Polyurethane", Carl Hanser Verlag, 3rd edition 1993, section 3.1.
- Polyols, which are preferably used are polymeric compounds which have hydrogen atoms which are reactive towards isocyanates.
- Particularly preferred polyols are polyether polyols.
- chain extenders or crosslinking agents can optionally be added to the polyols in the preparation of the polyisocyanate prepolymers.
- Preferred chain extenders are ethanediol, butanediol, hexanediol and monoethylene glycol, more preferably at least 1,4-butanediol or monoethylene glycol.
- the ratio of the organic polyisocyanates to polyols and chain extenders is preferably selected so that the isocyanate prepolymer has an NCO content in the range from 2 to 30% by weight, more preferably in the range from 6 to 28% by weight, more preferably in Range from 10 to 24% by weight.
- any diol can be used as the diol (D1) which functions as a chain extender.
- the diol (D1) is preferably selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic compounds with a molecular weight in the range from 0.05 kg / mol to 0.499 kg / mol, preferably difunctional compounds, for example diamines and / or alkanediols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkylene part, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and / or decaalkylene glycols with 3 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular ethylene 1,2-glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and preferably corresponding oligo- and / or polypropylene glyco
- the aqueous solution provided according to (ii) comprises at least one surface-active substance.
- the surfactant is cationic, anionic, or neutral.
- Substances known to the person skilled in the art are used as surface-active substances. For example, US Pat. No. 8,604,101 B2 is to be mentioned here, which describes corresponding surface-active substances in columns 7 (line 58) to 13 (line 64).
- the surface-active substance is therefore selected in the context of the present invention from the group consisting of polymeric surface-active substances which have a number-average molecular weight of more than 2000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 2200 to 10 6 g / mol; low molecular weight surface-active substances with number average molecular weights of up to 2000 g / mol, preferably of up to 1500 g / mol; and mixtures of two or more of these surfactants.
- the low molecular weight surface-active substances are also known as emulsifiers.
- the polymeric surface-active substances also include protective colloids, in particular water-soluble polymers, as described in US
- the at least one surface-active substance is selected from the group of polyvinyl alcohols, preferably the optionally at least partially saponified polyvinyl acetates, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 60% saponified polyvinyl acetates, more preferably at least Poval 40-80 E is included.
- Poval 40-80 E is a polyvinyl acetate with a degree of saponification in the range of 78-81% and a viscosity of 37-45 mPa s (4% solution at 20 ° C according to DIN 53015 / JIS K 6726), non-volatile components 97.5 +/- 2.5, pH value 5 to 7.
- the at least one surface-active substance is in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range from 0, 5 to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the aqueous solution of the at least one surface-active substance according to (ii).
- the spherical shape of the particles of the thermoplastic polymer is characterized by a spherical shape, spherical comprising sphere and ellipsoid, spherical being preferred.
- the invention further relates to spherical particles of a thermoplastic polymer, obtained or obtainable by the process described above.
- the invention relates also spherical shape having particles of a thermoplastic polymer having a particle size distribution with a d [4.3] value of more than 10 pm and a dgo, 3 value of more than 20 pm.
- the at least one thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester, polyether ester, polyester ester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether amide, polybutadiene styrene and ethylene vinyl acetate, more preferably from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); Polyamide, polyamide copolymer, and polyester, more preferably at least TPU is included.
- thermoplastic polymer in particular the TPU
- further compounds such as, for example, catalysts, and / or customary auxiliaries and / or additives can be used, as already mentioned with regard to the process.
- Usual auxiliaries are, for example, fillers, flame retardants, nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, lubricants and mold release aids, dyes, pigments and optionally stabilizers, for example to protect against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, Reinforcing agents and plasticizers.
- thermoplastic polyurethanes are known to the person skilled in the art.
- a TPU is based on the following components: at least one compound (C1) having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups; at least one isocyanate (11); at least one diol (D1), reference being made to the description in the section on the process for details on these components.
- the invention also relates to the use of a spherical particle of a thermoplastic polymer, preferably in the form of a powder comprising particles of a thermoplastic polymer having a spherical shape, preferably having a particle size distribution with ad [4,3] value of more than 10 pm and a dgo, pm 3 value of more than 20, for additive manufacturing processes, preferably selected from the group consisting of powder bed Fusion (powder bed fusion), Hoch Anthonyssinterung (high speed sintering tering) and multi-beam fusion (Multi Jet fusion), or Powder coating or powder sintering (powder slush or slush molding).
- Invention is directed.
- thermoplastic polymer i) providing at least one thermoplastic polymer in a molten state
- aqueous solution of at least one surface-active substance wherein the aqueous solution of the at least one surface-active substance has a temperature in the range from 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 150 to 250 ° C;
- thermoplastic polymer dispersing the at least one thermoplastic polymer according to (i) in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance according to (ii), to obtain an aqueous solution comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer; iv) cooling the aqueous solution obtained according to (iii) comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer to a temperature below the solidification point of the thermoplastic polymer, to obtain a suspension comprising an aqueous solution and particles of the thermoplastic polymer suspended therein in the solid state, the particles having a spherical shape exhibit;
- thermoplastic polymer while maintaining the at least one thermoplastic polymer in the molten state; wherein melting preferably takes place by heating the at least one thermoplastic polymer to a temperature above the glass transition temperature Tg, more preferably above the melting temperature Tm.
- thermoplastic polymer 3.
- dispersing of the melted thermoplastic polymer in the aqueous solution of the surface-active substance according to (iii) under the action of mechanical force, ultrasound and / or high pressure homogenization takes place to obtain an aqueous solution comprising dispersed thermoplastic polymer.
- melting according to (i.2) takes place in an extruder or by means of extrusion.
- thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester, polyether ester, polyester ester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyether amide, polybutadiene styrene and ethylene vinyl acetate, more preferably from the group consisting of made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); Polyamide, polyamide copolymer, and polyester, further preferably comprises at least TPU.
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- the at least one surface-active substance is selected from the group of polyvinyl alcohols, preferably the optionally at least partially saponified polyvinyl acetates, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 60% saponified Polyvinyl acetates, further preferably at least Poval 40-80 E comprises.
- thermoplastic polymer having spherical shape obtained or obtainable by the process according to one of embodiments 1 to 12.
- a particle of a thermoplastic polymer having a spherical shape preferably in the form of a powder comprising particles of a thermoplastic polymer having a spherical shape, preferably having a particle size distribution with ad [4,3] value of more than 10 ⁇ m and a dgo , 3 value of more than 20 pm, for additive manufacturing processes, preferably selected from the group of powder bed fusion, high-speed sintering and multi-jet fusion, or for powder coating processes o- the one for powder sintering (powder slush or slush molding).
- thermoplastic polymer to be emulsified was continuously metered into an extruder (Collin E16T extruder) in the form of granules solid at room temperature (23 ° C) by means of a differential metering screw and melted there at a temperature above Tg, preferably above Tm.
- the molten thermoplastic polymer was continuously fed into a dispersing device with the aid of the extruder.
- a continuous phase which contained at least one surface-active substance (emulsifier) in water, was continuously metered into the dispersing device by means of a pump via a heat exchanger.
- the aqueous emulsifier solution was heated to a temperature in the range from 150 to 250 ° C. in the heat exchanger.
- the polymer melt was emulsified as a disperse phase at a temperature in the range from 150 to 250 ° C, preferably in the range from 170 to 220 ° C in the continuous phase, so that small melt droplets of the thermoplastic polymer were created, which were caused by the at least one surface-active substance in the solution can be stabilized against coalescence.
- the emulsion with the molten droplets of the thermoplastic polymer contained therein was cooled with the aid of a cooling device to a temperature below the solidification point Tg of the thermoplastic polymer, the droplets of the thermoplastic polymer solidifying. This gave a suspension with finely divided, spherical thermoplastic polymer particles in the continuous phase.
- Polymer 1 was melted according to the procedure from reference example 1 at a temperature of 220 ° C. and further processed according to the procedure from reference example 1: surface-active substance 1 was used in a concentration of 2.7% by weight, the continuous phase thus had the following Composition on:
- the aqueous emulsifier solution was heated to a temperature in the range of approx. 170 ° C in the heat exchanger.
- a dynamic continuous mixer DLM / S-007 from IN-DAG, D-Borsfleet was used as the dispersing device.
- the polymer melt was emulsified as a dispersed phase at a temperature in the range from 170 to 220 ° C in the continuous phase, the conditions in the dispersing device being as follows:
- the particle size distribution of the dispersed thermoplastic polymer in the suspension was measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction spectrometer.
- Fig. 1 Darge. 2 shows an image of the spherical TPU particles generated by means of scanning electron microscopy.
- the spherical particles obtained regardless of their size, have a spherical shape and do not show any unevenness on the surface.
- Example 2 Formation of spherical TPU particles with carbon black additives
- a melt consisting of 62% by weight of polymer 1 and 38% by weight of carbon black was in an aqueous continuous phase consisting of 97.27% by weight of fully demineralized water, 2.7% by weight .-% surfactant 1 and 0.03 wt .-% defoamer 1, dispersed and then cooled.
- a dynamic continuous mixer DLM / S-007 from IN-DAG, D-Borsfleet was used as the dispersing device.
- the polymer melt was fed to the dispersing device at a temperature of 225 ° C. and dispersed in the continuous phase, the conditions in the dispersing device being as follows:
- the suspension obtained after cooling was sieved through a sieve with a square mesh size of 400 ⁇ m and then dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. in a vacuum.
- the particle size distribution of the dispersed thermoplastic polymer in the suspension was measured with a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction spectrometer.
- Example 1 shows the density distribution and the total volume distribution of the spherical TPU particles produced according to Example 1;
- Example 2 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the spherical TPU particles produced according to Example 1;
- Example 3 shows the density distribution and the total volume distribution of the spherical TPU particles produced according to Example 2;
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19180876 | 2019-06-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/066966 WO2020254498A1 (de) | 2019-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung sphärischer thermoplastischer polymerpartikel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3986700A1 true EP3986700A1 (de) | 2022-04-27 |
Family
ID=67105698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20734150.4A Withdrawn EP3986700A1 (de) | 2019-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung sphärischer thermoplastischer polymerpartikel |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11897169B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3986700A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2022537409A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20220020970A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114051509A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020254498A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3812416A1 (de) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-28 | Acondicionamiento Tarrasense | Verfahren zur herstellung von pulverförmigen polymeren |
| CN113462147B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-01-13 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种3d打印用尼龙弹性体粉末的制备方法 |
| US11732106B2 (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-08-22 | Xerox Corporation | Spherical particles comprising nanoclay-filled-polymer and methods of production and uses thereof |
| CN116987295B (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2024-01-23 | 北京易加三维科技有限公司 | 用于粉末床熔融的tpu球形粉体的制备方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3060510A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1962-10-30 | Koppers Co Inc | Process for converting fusible materials, solid at ordinary temperatures, into spherical granules |
| US3468986A (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1969-09-23 | David J Watanabe | Method for producing a solid particulate material |
| AU416984B2 (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1971-09-14 | Imperial Chemical Industries Of Australia And New Zealand Limited | Process forthe manufacture of spherical polymeric particles |
| US4863646A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1989-09-05 | Shinto Paint Co., Ltd. | Method of producing fine particles of thermoplastic resin |
| JP3217188B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-21 | 2001-10-09 | 住友精化株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂の微粒子化方法 |
| JP3781151B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-12 | 2006-05-31 | 大日本インキ化学工業株式会社 | 粉体スラリー塗料の製造方法 |
| US6168733B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2001-01-02 | Eastman Chemical Company | Method for forming discrete pellets from viscous materials |
| US20020146509A1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-10-10 | Kodokian George K. | Micronization process and polymer particles produced therefrom |
| JP2005097480A (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 粉末成形用パウダー |
| CA2667890C (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2015-01-27 | Surmodics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Spheronized polymer particles |
| CN101910265A (zh) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-12-08 | 日本聚氨酯工业株式会社 | 粉末状热塑性聚氨酯树脂组合物,使用其的具有双层结构的片材状聚氨酯树脂模制品及其制造方法 |
| US8604101B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2013-12-10 | Basf Se | Process for producing aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic polyesters |
| DE102013113320B4 (de) * | 2013-12-02 | 2019-11-14 | Timur Ünlü | Verwendung einer pulverförmigen Zusammensetzung aus thermoplastischem Polyurethan und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers |
| ES2872373T3 (es) * | 2014-01-17 | 2021-11-02 | Lubrizol Advanced Mat Inc | Métodos de uso de poliuretanos termoplásticos en la sinterización selectiva por láser y sistemas y artículos de los mismos |
| JP6552727B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-04 | 2019-07-31 | サビック グローバル テクノロジーズ ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ | 粉末組成物、粉末組成物からの物品およびコーティングの調製方法、およびそれから調製される物品 |
| EP3365156B1 (de) * | 2015-10-22 | 2024-03-27 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Verfahren zur herstellung eines selektiven sinteradditivs und darin verwendetes pulver |
| EP3523021A1 (de) | 2016-10-07 | 2019-08-14 | Basf Se | Sphärische mikropartikel |
| WO2018106525A1 (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-14 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process for the manufacture of thermoplastic polymer particles, thermoplastic polymer particles made thereby, and articles made therefrom |
| KR20180103666A (ko) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-19 | (주)엘지하우시스 | 열가소성 폴리우레탄 시트 및 이의 제조방법 |
| EP3890946A4 (de) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-08-10 | Jabil Inc. | Vorrichtung, system und verfahren zur generativen fertigung, um dem druckmaterial und der druckausgabe bestimmte eigenschaften zu verleihen |
| US11868124B2 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2024-01-09 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of forming polymer microspheres for use in additive manufacturing |
| CN113423752A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-09-21 | 亨茨曼国际有限公司 | 用于基于粉末的增材制造的可交联热塑性粉末 |
| US11597805B2 (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2023-03-07 | Xerox Corporation | Method for producing sulfone polymer micro-particles for SLS 3D printing |
-
2020
- 2020-06-18 JP JP2021576017A patent/JP2022537409A/ja active Pending
- 2020-06-18 US US17/596,628 patent/US11897169B2/en active Active
- 2020-06-18 KR KR1020227001623A patent/KR20220020970A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2020-06-18 CN CN202080044840.1A patent/CN114051509A/zh active Pending
- 2020-06-18 EP EP20734150.4A patent/EP3986700A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-06-18 WO PCT/EP2020/066966 patent/WO2020254498A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2022537409A (ja) | 2022-08-25 |
| KR20220020970A (ko) | 2022-02-21 |
| WO2020254498A1 (de) | 2020-12-24 |
| CN114051509A (zh) | 2022-02-15 |
| US11897169B2 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
| US20220250283A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
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