Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
  • E04D11/002—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
  • A01G9/033—Flat containers for turf, lawn or the like, e.g. for covering roofs
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
  • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
  • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to a roof, in particular a pitched roof, i.e. a roof having an inclination angle of more than 15°, comprising a roof surface, e.g. a decking, a water-resistant, ideally waterproof, and preferably root- resistant layer covering the roof surface, typically to prevent water from penetrating the roof surface, a drainage layer, a substrate, such as perlite, lava, bims, compost, or a composition containing one or more of these components, and a vegetation layer.
• the invention further relates to a strip, e.g. in the form of a roll, of a flexible material for use in the present roof and to a device, such as a plug or a flat structure, e.g. a textile sheet or a grid, for attaching, e.g. in a green roof or on an embankment, a vegetation layer to a flexible layer.
• Green roofs also known as vegetation roofs, are booming worldwide. Due to ongoing urbanization, environmental issues, the urban heat island effect, etc., the demand for more green in, in particular, cities is increasing. Roofs are a suitable place to meet the demand for more vegetation. Subsidy schemes are available in more and more cities to encourage homeowners to invest in a green roof. These subsidies are often based on the water retention capacity of the roof (typically expressed in liters of water retainable per square meter). Building a vegetation roof is a labor-intensive process because such roofs are composed of several layers.
• WO 2009/156742 relates to "A modular green roof building element .. [that] can be used to modify an existing roof to turn it into a green roof.
• a green roof building element has walls .. which contain the growing medium in which vegetation of the green roof can grow and a floor which is water permeable but impermeable to the growing material so that water can drain through the soil (or other growing medium) out on to the roof and drain away in the usual fashion.
• a number of modular green roof building elements .. are positioned next to each other on the roof, spaced away from the roof, for example by legs.
• Optigriin Anti-Slip System S is used on roofs with a 15-45° roof pitch. It comprises a suitable construction according to static requirements, a waterproofing and root- resistant membrane covering the construction, a structured storage Fleece SSV 800, an anti-slip safety net N25/35, anti-slip sills, extensive substrate having a thickness of at least 60 mm, and a vegetation mat.
• US 2015/334926 relates to a green or living wall including a waterproof layer to protect the surface from water and other materials from the living wall, and several plant support components extending horizontally in parallel to each other across the wall.
• the components include a tubular wall filled with a growth media formed of hydromix and/or potting substrate, one or more layers of a water retaining material and an out support layer. Plants are planted on the plant support components with their plants being imbedded into the growth media.
• the architectural surface may be oriented vertically, horizontally, or at an angle, and filler material may be used to shape the plant support components into various three-dimensional shapes.
• the roof according to the present invention is characterized by a flexible layer extending above the water-resistant layer and beneath the vegetation layer, which flexible layer comprises a plurality of pockets and wherein the substrate is contained in the pockets.
• the flexible layer comprises adjacent strips, preferably with overlapping sides and/or preferably having a width in a range from 0,5 to 1,5 meter and, in case of a pitched roof, preferably extending substantially vertically, with the pockets extending substantially horizontally.
• the roof according to the present invention can be installed in a straightforward manner, e.g. if the flexible layer is in the form of continuous strips, by attaching the flexible layer, e.g. the strips, with one side to the roof surface at the ridge or the lower rim of the roof and then rolling the flexible layer out towards the lower rim or the ridge of the roof, respectively.
• the roof and flexible layer with pockets according to the present invention intrinsically provide good resistance to shear forces. Shear forces generally cause major complications in the construction and installation of green roofs. Further, the flexible layer can be installed with the substrate already contained in the pockets, which saves labor, reduces or avoids the risk of spilling at the construction site, and which facilitates precisely defining the amount and/or the composition of the substrate. Further, the pockets facilitate a more homogenous distribution of the substrate over the roof.
• the flexible layer extends from the ridge of a pitched roof or from near, e.g. less than half meter from the ridge of a pitched roof and to or to near, e.g. less than half meter from the lower rim of the roof or from or near a first edge of a flat roof to or near a second edge of a flat roof.
• the flexible layer is attached, e.g. directly, to the water-resistant layer, preferably by means of hook-and-pile fasteners (Velcro).
• the hooks are attached, e.g. adhered, to or integrated in the water-resistant layer.
• the hooks can be provided in the form of strips or patches, e.g. having the hooks on one side and an adhesive layer on the other side to adhere the strips or patches to the water-resistant layer.
• the piles which, in this context include loops and tangled fibers, e.g. in a nonwoven textile, are attached to or part of the bottom side of the flexible layer.
• the bottom layer of the flexible layer provides the piles, e.g. is made from a nonwoven textile, and thus can be fastened directly to the hooks on or in the water-resistant layer.
• the invention also relates to a layer, in particular a strip, e.g. a long strip on a roll or a sheet, of water-resistant, in particular waterproof material, such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber), TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), or PVC (polyvinyl chloride), for use in the roof described in this specification, comprising strips or patches of hooks for hook-and-pile fastening of the flexible layer described in this specification to the roof.
• a layer in particular a strip, e.g. a long strip on a roll or a sheet, of water-resistant, in particular waterproof material, such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber), TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin), or PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
• EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber
• TPO thermoplastic polyolefin
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• the upper rim of the flexible layer e.g. the upper rims of adjacent strips, has been fastened to the roof by means of a beam or profile secured to the roof at or near the ridge, preferably to a load bearing element of the structure, such as a ridge beam, a main beam or one or more rafters.
• one or more anchors are secured to the beam or profile for securing a safety line.
• the vegetation layer is fixed to the substrate layer by plugs that have been inserted, e.g. thrusted, through the vegetation layer, through the walls of the pockets and into the substrate material, or by a flat structure, such as a textile sheet or a grid carrying protrusions, such as barbs, hooks, nails or pins, that has been integrated into the vegetation layer.
• a flat structure such as a textile sheet or a grid carrying protrusions, such as barbs, hooks, nails or pins, that has been integrated into the vegetation layer.
• protrusions such as barbs, hooks, nails or pins
• the roots of the vegetation layer such as a vegetation mat, e.g. a sedum mat, have grown through the (walls of) the pockets and into the substrate.
• the invention also relates to a strip of a flexible material e.g. for use in the roof described above, comprising a plurality of pockets for receiving substrate or containing substrate.
• the pockets extend laterally, e.g. obliquely or perpendicularly, across the strip or strips, i.e. horizontally (when installed on a roof) or from one of the long sides to the other of the long sides.
• the pockets contain substrate and/or the strip is rolled up. Rolls of the strip can be stored and transported efficiently.
• the strip is provided in sheets comprising a plurality of pockets for receiving substrate or containing substrate.
• the sheets have a length and a width in a range from 40 to 140 centimeters, preferably in a range from 50 to 120 centimeters, and/or a length to width ratio in a range from 1 to 2, preferably in a range from 1,4 to 1,8.
• These configurations allow staggered laying patterns and flexible laying patterns, facilitating shaping the green roof around features on the roof, such as chimneys, and to keep the surface area between the green roof and the rim of the roof limited, preferably providing a (near) perfect fit.
• the flexible material comprises a backing layer, which, when the flexible material is installed on a roof, faces the roof surface, and a further layer attached, e.g. by stitching, gluing or sealing, e.g. welding, to the backing layer and forming the pockets.
• the flexible material comprises a backing layer and a further layer attached to the backing layer and forming the pockets.
• the further layer comprises folds forming the pockets.
• the further layer is longer than the backing layer and the excess material defines the pockets.
• the backing layer has a thickness of at least 1 millimeter, preferably at least 3 millimeters.
• the backing layer functions as a retention layer, e.g. providing a water retention of at least 1 liter per square meter, preferably at least 2 liters per square meter, preferably at least 5 liters per square meter.
• the flexible layer comprises an anti-root barrier, preferably as its bottom surface.
• the further layer is wider than the backing layer and the excess material defines the ends of the pockets.
• the backing layer and/or the further layer are made from a textile material, preferably from a nonwoven.
• Suitable nonwovens for the backing layer include needled nonwoven (geo)textiles, also known as needle felt, made e.g. from polyolefin, e.g. polypropylene, fibers or filaments.
• the backing layer functions also as the drainage layer.
• Suitable nonwovens for the further or upper layer include calendered fleece made e.g. from polyolefin, e.g. polypropylene. In general, nonwovens that allow roots from the vegetation layer to penetrate and thus reach the substrate are preferred.
• the backing layer and the further layer are made from the same (type of polymer), e.g. PP or PE.
• Suitable substrates include perlite, lava, bims, crushed ceramic tiles, compost, or a composition containing one or more of these components.
• the substrate is granular and/or porous and/or contains no or a limited amount of organic material, e.g. less than 35 wt%, preferably less than 25 wt%, e.g. less than 10 wt%, preferably optimum for sufficient and fast growth of the vegetation, because these properties improve retention of water and nutrients for the vegetation layer and improve the ratio of the weight of the dry substrate to the weight of the wetted substrate.
• the substrate in the flexible layer provides a water retention of at least 10 liters per square meter of the layer, preferably at least 20 liters per square meter.
• the substrate serves as a substantial buffer for water and helps reduce peak loads on sewage, for instance during heavy rain. Water retention can be adjusted to a specific design by selecting the height of and the amount of substrate in the pockets.
• the (filled) pockets have a thickness in a range from 3 to 15 centimeters, preferably in a range from 4 to 8 centimeters, a width in a range from 0,5 to 1,5 meters, preferably in a range from 0,8 to 1,3 meters, which width is preferably at least 90%, preferably at least 95% of the strip, and/or a length in a range from 10 to 40 centimeters, preferably in a range from 15 to 30 centimeters and/or the strip comprises at least 5 pockets, preferably at least 10 pockets, preferably at least 15 pockets, and/or wherein the backing layer has a thickness of at least 5 millimeters, preferably at least 8 millimeters (to facilitate doubling as a drainage layer).
• adjacent pockets of a module and/or the pockets of adjacent modules abut or are less than 4 centimeter, preferably less than 2 centimeters apart.
• the vegetation comprises plug plants, e.g. extensive plants, such as sedum, or semi- extensive plants, such as grasses, herbs (chives, thyme, lavender, etc.), and perennials, extending through the walls of the pockets and into the substrate.
• plug plants instead of a fully grown layer of vegetation, such as a sedum mat, the vegetation layer matures/grows on the roof, which in turn enables more efficient use of (existing) nurseries for vegetation.
• a plug plant is provided for every 200 to 600 square centimeter of top surface of the modular units, reducing the required surface area in the nursery with a factor of at least 10, preferably at least 20. Factors up to 60 or more are possible, in particular in case of small diameter plug plants.
• the invention also relates to a device, such as a plug or a flat structure, e.g. a textile sheet or a grid, for attaching, e.g. in a green roof or on an embankment, a vegetation layer to a flexible layer extending beneath the vegetation layer and comprising a plurality of pockets, the device comprising one or more elements pressing on or integrated in the vegetation layer and one or more protrusions configured to be inserted, e.g. thrusted or turned, through the walls of the pockets and into the substrate material to fix the device and thus the vegetation layer to the flexible layer.
• a device such as a plug or a flat structure, e.g. a textile sheet or a grid, for attaching, e.g. in a green roof or on an embankment, a vegetation layer to a flexible layer extending beneath the vegetation layer and comprising a plurality of pockets, the device comprising one or more elements pressing on or integrated in the vegetation layer and one or more protrusions configured to be inserted,
• the plugs comprise flat portion, such as a spoked ring or plate, to rest on top of the vegetation layer.
• the device comprises a textile sheet or a grid and the vegetation layer has been integrated, e.g. has been cultivated and/or grown on and/or into the textile sheet or a grid.
• the vegetation layer can be delivered, e.g. in layers or on rolls, at the building site with the protrusions, e.g. barbs, hooks, nails or pins, already firmly bonded to and/or integrated in the vegetation layer.
• a casing mat that is made of a double fabric and is filled with sand, bentonite, concrete etc. and has a bottom layer and a top layer woven with the bottom layer at least on the edges running in the warp direction and can be filled to form edge beads.
• JP 2003268773 relates, in a machine translation, to "Greening of walls and rooftops of artificial structures such as concrete buildings and highways" and a vegetative bag wherein "a plurality of partitions are provided at one or a fixed width in the center from the mouth of the bag to the bottom, and the partitions are propagated. Make a continuous pocket into which the material is inserted.
• the culture soil is accommodated in two or more differentiated bags formed by the partition, and the mouth is closed with a suture or a stapler.”
• US 2017/354104 relates to a device for growing plants, having a panel assembly on which a one or a plurality of nutrient flow channels is supported to provide nutrient flow passages from an inlet at an upper region to an outlet at a lower region of the support panel.
• a plurality of grow pockets is supported on an opposite side face of the support panel, the grow pockets in alignment with the nutrient flow channels.
• Each grow pocket has a plant access opening.
• DE 202012 104 884 U1 relates to a vertical greening system, comprising a support profile which can be fastened to a load-bearing wall by means of anchoring elements.
• DE 202004 020 122 U1 relates to a bag for growing vegetation on roofs has upper and lower layers made from a porous material, e.g. cloth. It is filled with a plant growth medium and tapers towards its edges.
• Figures 1A to 1C are an isometric view, a top view, and a side view of a strip comprising pockets for receiving substrate.
• Figure 2 is an isometric view of roll of a strip as shown in Figures 1A-1C that is being unwound and filled with substrate from hoppers.
• Figure 3 is a side view of a strip as shown in Figures 1A-1C that has been filled with substrate and closed by stitching.
• Figure 4 is a cross-section of a green roof according to the present invention.
• Figures 5A and 5B are perspective views of a first embodiment of a plug for attaching a vegetation layer to a substrate layer.
• Figures 6A and 6B are perspective views of a second embodiment of a plug for attaching a vegetation layer to a substrate layer.
• Figures 7A to 7C are isometric views of a pitched roof, a hip and valley roof, and a flat roof.
• Figures 8A and 8B are a top view and a side view of a grid on- and into which a vegetation layer can be grown.
• Figure 9 is a cross-section of a green roof according to the present invention comprising the grid shown in Figure 8.
• Figure 10 is an isometric of an existing pitched roof, where tiles are replaced with green roof sheets according to the present invention.
• Figure 11 is an isometric of a green roof element used in the roof of Figure 10.
• Figure 12 show a flexible layer for use in the element of Figure 11.
• Figure 13 is an isometric view of a pitched roof with prefab elements covered with a waterproof layer and green roof elements.
• Figures 1A to 1C show a strip 1 of a flexible material for use in a green roof.
• the strip 1 has a width in a range from 0,8 to 1,2 meter, e.g. a width of 1,05 meter, and comprises a lower or backing layer 2 and an upper layer
• the backing layer is made from a relatively thick nonwoven, in this example from a polypropylene needle felt and the upper layer is made from a polypropylene calendered fleece, which is longer and wider than the backing layer.
• the fleece 3 is attached to the backing layer 2 by straight stitches 5 extending across the backing layer, from one of the long edges to the other long edge, creating folds 6 in the upper layer, and a stitch or stitches 7 attaching one of the long edges of the upper layer to one of the long edges of the backing layer.
• the stitches 5, 7 thus define oblong, parallel, and adjacent pockets 4 that are closed at one of the long edges of the strip and open at the other long edge of the strip. To facilitate storage and transport, the strip is wound up to form a roll.
• the pockets are filled with a substrate 10, in this example perlite. Filling can be carried out manually or automatically. In the example shown in Figure 2, a roll of the strip 1 is unwound with the open ends of the pockets
• the strip is guided beneath hoppers 11 containing the substrate or components of the substrate and the material is allowed to flow into the pockets until they are filled.
• the pockets are full, as shown in Figure 3, they are closed 'in line', e.g. by stitching, and the strip is the wound up to again form a roll and ready for storage or transport to a building site.
• rolls containing the dry and lightweight substrate are lifted the top or to a lower rim of the roof, a short side of the strip is secured to the roof, and the roll is unrolled from the top of the roof downwards, from the lower rim upwards, or over the (flat) roof.
• FIG 4 shows, in cross-section, a roof 15 comprising a construction 16, e.g. rafters, a ridge beam, and boards covering the sides of the roof and providing a roof surface, a water-resistant layer, such as a layer 20 of bitumen or rubber, e.g. ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, covering the roof surface, strips of double-sided adhesive tape or, preferably, Velcro 21, and the flexible layer 1 of strips having pockets 4 as described above.
• a water-resistant layer such as a layer 20 of bitumen or rubber, e.g. ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, covering the roof surface, strips of double-sided adhesive tape or, preferably, Velcro 21, and the flexible layer 1 of strips having pockets 4 as described above.
• EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
• Short sides of the strips 1 were fastened to the roof by means of one or more profiles 25 secured to the roof construction 16 at or near the ridge by long screws 26 extending in a load bearing element, e.g. the ridge beam or a rafter of the roof, and unrolled downwardly over the Velcro strips 21.
• a load bearing element e.g. the ridge beam or a rafter of the roof
• a vegetation mat e.g. a sedum mat 30 was rolled out over the flexible layer 1.
• plugs 31 were inserted through the vegetation mat 30 and the upper nonwoven layer of the pockets 4 and into the substrate.
• Suitable plugs 31 are illustrated in Figures 5A to 6B and comprise a pointed tip 32 one or more protrusions, such as hooks 33, barbs, or a helix 34, configured to be inserted, e.g. thrusted or turned, through the walls of the pockets 4 and into the substrate to fix the plugs 31 and thus the vegetation layer to the flexible layer 1.
• the plugs 31 comprise flat portion, such as a spoked ring 35 or plate, to rest on top of the vegetation layer 30.
• Figure 7A shows a pitched roof 15 having a dormer 40, a tilt window 41, a chimney 42, and a ventilation duct 43.
• Figure 7B shows a hip and valley roof 15, which inherently has substantial consequences for the shape of strips.
• Figure 7C shows a flat roof.
• the strips have been tailormade to a specific roof, with the required features, such as openings, recesses, and cut off portions, already defined in the strips and pockets at a location remote from the building site.
• Figures 8A and 8B show a grid 50 on- and into which a vegetation layer can be grow, comprising barbs 51.
• Figure 9 shows, in cross-section, a green roof according to the present invention comprising the grid 50 shown in Figure 8.
• FIG 10 shows an existing pitched roof 15, where tiles 60 mounted on battens 61 are replaced with green roof elements 63 according to the present invention and shown in more detail in Figure 11.
• the green roof elements 63 comprise, similar to the embodiments described above, a flexible layer 1 with a backing or bottom layer 2 made from a relatively thick nonwoven, in this example a needle felt, and an upper layer made from a calendered fleece 3 attached to the backing layer, e.g. by straight stitches extending over the backing layer, from one of the short edges to the other short edge, creating pockets 4, and a stitch along a short end to close the pockets at that end.
• the pockets are filled with a substrate, in this example perlite, and backing and fleece are stitched together at the remaining end, thus closing the pockets completely and defining oblong, parallel, adjacent, and abutting pockets, filled with substrate, in this example three pockets in each sheet.
• the flexible layer with the pockets has a length of 100 centimeter and a width of 60 meter, which dimensions facilitate handling of the sheets on the roof.
• the top surfaces of the pockets 4 are provided with openings, e.g. slits, and plug plants, in particular sedum plugs 20, are inserted through the openings and into the substrate.
• the flexible layers, with pockets containing substrate and carrying plug plants, are thus ready for stacking on a pallet and for storage and transport to a building site.
• Figures 10 and 11 further show sheets 65 of waterproof and root-proof material, such as EPDM, comprising strips, e.g. three parallel strips 66, or patches of hooks for hook-and-pile fastening of a flexible layer 1.
• the backing of the flexible layer of a green roof element can be touch fastened to the sheets of waterproof material.
• the strips of hooks and the nonwoven backing together provide hook-and-pile (Velcro) fastening.
• the sheets 65 are attached, e.g. adhered, to a support panel, e.g. a panel of plywood or MDF (hidden from view by the sheet on top of it). At least two edges 67 of the waterproof sheet extend beyond the edges of the support panel. Also, along these edges the sheet is detached from, i.e. does not adhere to the support panel over a pre determined margin, e.g. 5 to 10 cm.
• the tiles are removed from an existing roof and the support panels with the sheets of waterproof material are fastened to the battens on the roof, by folding away the sheet along the margin mentioned above and e.g. nailing, stapling, or screwing the panel to the battens beneath.
• the edges of the sheet are folded back to overlap the sheet on an adjoining support panel and sealed together, e.g. by means of heating or an adhesive, at regions of overlap, e.g. along a long and a short side of each sheet, to provide waterproof seams and thus a waterproof layer covering the roof surface.
• the flexible layers are taken from the stack, lifted onto the roof, and placed on the roof such that adjoining units abut and hook-and-pile fastening to the roof is established, as illustrated in Figure 10.
• Figure 12 illustrates the flexibility of the layer containing the substrate.
• the flexible layer is suitable for attaching to a water-resistant layer on an irregularly shaped (spot on a) roof, e.g. a curved of wavy roof.
• Figure 13 shows a pitched roof 15 provided with prefab construction and/or insulations elements 70, which in turn are covered with a waterproof layer 20 and a flexible layer 1 containing substrate attached to the waterproof layer by hook-and-pile fastening.
• the invention is not limited to the described embodiments and can be varied within the framework of the claims.
• the flexible layer having pockets filled with a substrate is also very suitable for supporting vegetation, such as sedum, on embankments.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-04-26 EP EP21721095.4A patent/EP3983623A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-04-26 WO PCT/EP2021/060864 patent/WO2021214344A1/en unknown

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