Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine.
• a lean burn engine that burns fuel in an air-fuel mixture leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio has been known.
• a fuel for the lean burn engine for example, in Patent Literature 1, a fuel composition for a lean burn engine including one or more types of gasoline selected from the group consisting of alkylate gasoline, catalytically reformed gasoline, light catalytic cracking gasoline, and coker light gasoline is disclosed.
• Patent Literature 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-182579
• the upper limit of operable air-fuel ratio (air/fuel) is referred to as lean limit, and through expansion of the lean limit, improvement in fuel efficiency and stabilization of combustion are expected.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine.
• One aspect of the present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine, which comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component, with an aromatic content of 25 vol% or less.
• the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 60 vol% relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 vol% or less relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 85 vol% or more.
• a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine is provided.
• the fuel composition of the present embodiment is a fuel composition that comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component (for example, 50 vol% or more, preferably 60 vol% or more, more preferably 70 vol% or more, still more preferably 80 vol% or more, and further preferably 85 vol% or more).
• the aromatic content in the fuel composition is 25 vol% or less, preferably 20 vol% or less, more preferably 15 vol% or less, still more preferably 10 vol% or less, further preferably 5 vol% or less, furthermore preferably 3 vol% or less, and particularly preferably 2 vol% or less.
• the fuel composition of the present embodiment comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component with an aromatic content equal to or less than a specific value to expand the lean limit of a lean burn engine, being suitable for use as a fuel composition for a lean burn engine (in particular, for use in ultra-lean burn with a lean limit of 2 or more).
• the content of each component in the fuel composition is a value measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 "Liquid petroleum products-testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography”.
• the aromatic content of the fuel composition may be, for example, 0.1 vol% or more, or may be 0.5 vol% or more.
• the aromatic content of the fuel composition may be 0.1 to 25 vol%, 0.1 to 20 vol%, 0.1 to 15 vol%, 0.1 to 10 vol%, 0.1 to 5 vol%, 0.1 to 3 vol%, 0.1 to 2 vol%, 0.5 to 25 vol%, 0.5 to 20 vol%, 0.5 to 15 vol%, 0.5 to 10 vol%, 0.5 to 5 vol%, 0.5 to 3 vol%, or 0.5 to 2 vol%.
• hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms for example, normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and an aromatic compound having 6 carbon atoms (benzene) may be included.
• the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 30 vol% or less, preferably 20 vol% or less, and more preferably 15 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 0.5 vol% or more, or may be 1 vol% or more, preferably 5 vol% or more, and still more preferably 10 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 0.5 to 30 vol%, 0.5 to 20 vol%, 0.5 to 15 vol%, 1 to 30 vol%, 1 to 20 vol%, 1 to 15 vol%, 5 to 30 vol%, 5 to 20 vol%, 5 to 15 vol%, 10 to 30 vol%, 10 to 20 vol%, or 10 to 15 vol%, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 20 vol% or more, preferably 25 vol% or more, more preferably 30 vol% or more, and still more preferably 35 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 80 vol% or less, preferably 75 vol% or less, and more preferably 70 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 60 vol% or less, 50 vol% or less, or 45 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 80 vol%, 20 to 75 vol%, 20 to 70 vol%, 20 to 60 vol%, 20 to 50 vol%, 20 to 45 vol%, 25 to 80 vol%, 25 to 75 vol%, 25 to 70 vol%, 25 to 60 vol%, 25 to 50 vol%, 25 to 45 vol%, 30 to 80 vol%, 30 to 75 vol%, 30 to 70 vol%, 30 to 60 vol%, 30 to 50 vol%, 30 to 45 vol%, 35 to 80 vol%, 35 to 75 vol%, 35 to 70 vol%, 35 to 60 vol%, 35 to 50 vol%, or 35 to 45 vol%, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 5 vol% or more, preferably 10 vol% or more, more preferably 20 vol% or more, and still more preferably 25 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 30 vol% or more, 35 vol% or more, or 40 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 70 vol% or less, preferably 65 vol% or less, more preferably 60 vol% or less, still more preferably 55 vol% or less, further preferably 50 vol% or less, and furthermore preferably 45 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 5 to 70 vol%, 5 to 65 vol%, 5 to 60 vol%, 5 to 55 vol%, 5 to 50 vol%, 5 to 45 vol%, 10 to 70 vol%, 10 to 65 vol%, 10 to 60 vol%, 10 to 55 vol%, 10 to 50 vol%, 10 to 45 vol%, 20 to 70 vol%, 20 to 65 vol%, 20 to 60 vol%, 20 to 55 vol%, 20 to 50 vol%, 20 to 45 vol%, 25 to 70 vol%, 25 to 65 vol%, 25 to 60 vol%, 25 to 55 vol%, 25 to 50 vol%, 25 to 45 vol%, 30 to 70 vol%, 30 to 65 vol%, 30 to 60 vol%, 30 to 55 vol%, 30 to 50 vol%, 30 to 45 vol%, 35 to 70 vol%, 35 to 65 vol%, 35 to 60 vol%, 35 to 55 vol%, 35 to 50 vol%, 35 to 45 vol%, 40 to 70 vol%, 40 to 65 vol%, 40 to 60 vol%, 40
• the total amount of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms is, for example, 50 vol% or more, preferably 70 vol% or more, more preferably 80 vol% or more, still more preferably 90 vol% or more, and further preferably 93 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the fuel composition of the present embodiment may contain hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, hydrocarbons having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or may be hydrocarbons having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the content of hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, less than 50 vol%, preferably 40 vol% or less, more preferably 30 vol% or less, still more preferably 20 vol% or less, and further preferably 15 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
• the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons is, for example, 50 vol% or more, preferably 60 vol% or more, more preferably 70 vol% or more, still more preferably 80 vol% or more, further preferably 85 vol% or more, and furthermore preferably 90 mass% or more. Also, the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 100 vol% or less, 98 vol% or less, or 95 vol% or less.
• the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 50 to 100 vol%, 50 to 98 vol%, 50 to 95 vol%, 60 to 100 vol%, 60 to 98 vol%, 60 to 95 vol%, 70 to 100 vol%, 70 to 98 vol%, 70 to 95 vol%, 80 to 100 vol%, 80 to 98 vol%, 80 to 95 vol%, 85 to 100 vol%, 85 to 98 vol%, 85 to 95 vol%, 90 to 100 vol%, 90 to 98 vol%, or 90 to 95 vol%.
• the fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain oxygen-containing compounds.
• the oxygen-containing compounds are organic compounds containing oxygen as a constituent element.
• the oxygen-containing compounds include oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, oxygen-containing aromatic compounds, and oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds.
• One of the oxygen-containing compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
• the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds are compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle.
• the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds include compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle such as a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, an ethylene oxide ring, a propylene oxide ring, a pyran ring, a tetrahydropyran ring, a benzofuran ring, and a benzopyran ring.
• compounds having a furan ring are preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect described above more remarkably.
• the compounds having a furan ring include furan, 2-methylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran.
• furan and 2-methylfuran are particularly preferred.
• Oxygen-containing aromatic compounds are compounds that contain oxygen as a constituent element and have an aromatic ring.
• the oxygen-containing aromatic compounds include aromatic compounds having an oxygen atom directly bonded to an aromatic ring (for example, alkoxybenzene, phenols).
• alkoxybenzene include anisole, phenetol, and propyloxybenzene. As alkoxybenzene, anisole and phenetol are preferred from the viewpoint of the range of boiling point.
• oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds examples include alcohols, ethers (for example, ethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, ETBE (ethyl-tert-butyl ether)).
• the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be, for example, less than 50 vol%, preferably 40 vol% or less, more preferably 30 vol% or less, and still more preferably 25 vol% or less relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
• the content thereof may be, for example, 1 vol% or more, 3 vol% or more, 5 vol% or more, or 10 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
• the content of the oxygen-containing compound relative to the total amount of the fuel composition may be 0 vol% or more and less than 50 vol%, 0 to 40 vol%, 0 to 30 vol%, 0 to 25 vol%, 1 vol% or more and less than 50 vol%, 1 to 40 vol%, 1 to 30 vol%, 1 to 25 vol%, 3 vol% or more and less than 50 vol%, 3 to 40 vol%, 3 to 30 vol%, 3 to 25 vol%, 5 vol% or more and less than 50 vol%, 5 to 40 vol%, 5 to 30 vol%, 5 to 25 vol%, 10 vol% or more and less than 50 vol%, 10 to 40 vol%, 10 to 30 vol%, or 10 to 25 vol%.
• the fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain components other than the above.
• the other components include a cleaning dispersant, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a surface ignition inhibitor, an antifreeze agent, a combustion improver, an antistatic agent, a colorant, a rust inhibitor, a drainage agent, a fuel marker, an odorant, and a friction modifier.
• the total content of these other components may be, for example, 1 vol% or less, preferably 0.5 vol% or less, and more preferably 0.1 vol% or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
• the total content of the other components may be, for example, 0.001 vol% or more, or 0.002 vol% or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
• the total content of the other components described above may be 0 to 1 vol%, 0 to 0.5 vol%, 0 to 0.1 vol%, 0.001 to 1 vol%, 0.001 to 0.5 vol%, 0.001 to 0.1 vol%, 0.002 to 1 vol%, 0.002 to 0.5 vol%, or 0.002 to 0.1 vol%.
• a cleaning dispersant a commonly used cleaning dispersant may be used, and, for example, a compound known as a cleaning dispersant for gasoline such as succinimide, polyalkylamine, or polyetheramine may be used.
• the antioxidant include N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and hindered phenols.
• the metal deactivator include an amine-carbonyl condensation compound such as N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
• the surface ignition inhibitor include an organic phosphorus compound.
• Examples of the antifreeze agent include a polyhydric alcohol or an ether thereof.
• Examples of the combustion improver include an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acid, and a higher alcohol sulfate ester.
• Examples of the antistatic agent include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant.
• Examples of the colorant include an azo dye.
• Examples of the rust inhibitor include an organic carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof, and an alkenyl succinic acid ester.
• Examples of the drainage agent include sorbitan esters.
• Examples of the fuel marker include kilyzanine and coumarin.
• Examples of the odorant include a natural essential oil and a synthetic fragrance.
• Examples of the friction modifier include a mixture of a higher carboxylic acid monoglyceride and a higher carboxylic acid amide compound.
• a fuel composition having a composition shown in the following Table 1 was prepared.
• the composition of the fuel composition is based on the values measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 "Liquid petroleum products-Testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography ".
• the lean limit was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
• the lean limit was measured by changing the excess air ratio under conditions with a rotation speed of 2000 rpm, an indicated mean effective pressure of 800 kPa, and a minimum spark advance for best torque (MBT).
• the excess air ratio at a point where the fluctuation rate of the indicated mean effective pressure exceeds 3% was presumed as the lean limit.
• the excess air ratio is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture during testing divided by the theoretical air-fuel ratio of the fuel composition, which is the reciprocal of equivalence ratio ⁇ .
• Comparative Example 1 is an example with use of high-octane gasoline, and the oxygen content in Comparative Example 1 indicates the content of the oxygen-containing compound contained in high-octane gasoline.
• “Saturated content” indicates the content (vol%) of saturated hydrocarbons
• “Unsaturated content” indicates the content (vol%) of unsaturated hydrocarbons (excluding aromatic compounds)
• “Aromatic content” indicates the content (vol%) of aromatic compounds
• “Oxygenates content” indicates the content (vol%) of oxygen-containing compounds
• “Total” indicates the total content (vol%) of saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing compounds.
• C4 to C6 hydrocarbon indicates the content (vol%) of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the fuel composition
• n-Paraffin indicates the content (vol%) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
• Isoparaffin indicates the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
• Ole indicates the content (vol%) of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
• “Subtotal” indicates the total content (vol%) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Example 1 Example 2
• Example 3 Example 4
• Example 5 Saturated content 72.2 45.4 44.3 49.8 55.4 Unsaturated content 8.0 33.7 54.1 48.7 43.3
• n-Paraffin 34.8 5.2 5.2 10.6 4.0 Isoparaffin 60.7 32.4 32.4 33.3 47.4 Olefin 2.7 56.7 56.7 50.5 44.1
• Subtotal 98.2 94.3 94.3 94.3 95.6 Lean limit 2.17 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.30
• Example 6 Example 7
• Example 8 Example 9
• Example 10 Saturated content 72.1 55.0 57.6 39.8 35.4 Unsaturated content 27.1 43.8 41.3
• 48.7 43.3 Aromatic content 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5

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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-07-31 JP JP2019140862A patent/JP7300923B2/ja active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-07-17 US US17/609,523 patent/US20220228078A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-07-17 WO PCT/JP2020/027879 patent/WO2021020181A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2020-07-17 CN CN202080053241.6A patent/CN114174475B/zh active Active
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