WO2008018847A1 - Procede pour reduire ou maintenir le poids corporel d'un humain dans un etat stable au moyen d'une therapie de regime - Google Patents

Procede pour reduire ou maintenir le poids corporel d'un humain dans un etat stable au moyen d'une therapie de regime Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008018847A1
WO2008018847A1 PCT/UA2006/000056 UA2006000056W WO2008018847A1 WO 2008018847 A1 WO2008018847 A1 WO 2008018847A1 UA 2006000056 W UA2006000056 W UA 2006000056W WO 2008018847 A1 WO2008018847 A1 WO 2008018847A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
vol
combustion
fuel composition
spark ignition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2006/000056
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Erih Vladimirovich Vel'd
Aleksandr Gennadievich Derevyanko
Original Assignee
Veld Erich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Veld Erich filed Critical Veld Erich
Publication of WO2008018847A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008018847A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fuels, which are used in internal combustion engines with spark ignition.
  • Known fuel composition (patent RU2044033, MPKCL1 / 18, publ. 09/20/1995), in which gasoline compound 5-20% of waste from the production of isopropyl alcohol, namely a mixture of 70-80% diisopropyl ether, 10-15% isopropyl alcohol, 8- 10% propylene polymerization products and up to 3% water.
  • gasoline compound 5-20% of waste from the production of isopropyl alcohol namely a mixture of 70-80% diisopropyl ether, 10-15% isopropyl alcohol, 8- 10% propylene polymerization products and up to 3% water.
  • the main component of this fuel remains petrol.
  • propylene which is the starting material for the production of isopropyl alcohol, is obtained by cracking or pyrolysis of petroleum products.
  • a known fuel composition (patent EP0064253, MPKC10L1 / 02, published April 27, 1982), in which 5 ethers (methyl tert-butyl, isopropyl tert-butyl, sec-butyl tert-butyl) are used in an amount of 5 -40% and alcohols (methyl - up to 15%, isopropyl - up to 20%, sec-butyl - up to 20%, tert-butyl - up to 85%), except ethyl alcohol. All of the above components are synthetic products of the chemical industry.
  • gasoline remains the main component in all of the known fuels discussed above, none of them can be classified as alternative, that is, those that are produced by more than 50% from renewable (plant) raw materials.
  • the alcohols and esters used are synthetic products, the feedstock for the synthesis of which remains oil and natural gas.
  • a fuel composition for internal combustion engines with spark ignition (patent for utility model UA13086, IPC C10L1 / 00, publ. 15.03.2006), containing 50-90 about. % absolute ethyl alcohol, 5-15 vol. % simple ether and 10-30 vol. % hydrocarbon mixture.
  • Any ether can be used as an ether: tert-C4-C 5 OC 1 -C2, i.e. methyl tert-butyl, ethyl tert-butyl, ethyl tert-amyl and others, and a stable gas is used as a mixture of hydrocarbons gas or direct distillated gasoline with any octane rating.
  • Such a fuel composition was developed for use in conventional large-volume internal combustion engines (3 liters or more) without modification. She refers to alternative types of motor fuel, since more than 50% of it is ethyl alcohol, which is produced from renewable plant materials.
  • the extremely high octane rating of this fuel composition, as for gasoline, 130-132 according to the cold-plasma method, is not an obstacle, since the combustion temperature of the mixture is lower than the combustion temperature of gasoline (360 0 C in the exhaust manifold of an engine that runs on this fuel, in comparison with 500-550 0 C - on gasoline).
  • the main disadvantage is the loss of engine power when running on fuel with a high content of ethyl alcohol due to the low heat of combustion and the relatively high heat of vaporization of it as the main component, which significantly affects the dynamics of acceleration of a car, especially equipped with a small engine.
  • the basis of the invention is the task of increasing engine power when operating on a fuel composition that contains more than 50 vol. % ethanol, both due to both the most complete combustion of the fuel, and due to the reduction of the combustion time, which allows the use of the specified alternative fuel in conventional internal combustion engines with spark ignition without any modifications.
  • the fuel composition for internal combustion engines with spark ignition containing 50-90 vol. % absolute ethyl alcohol, 10-30 vol. % liquid mixture of hydrocarbons and 5-15 vol. % ether, according to the proposed solution, additionally contains up to 1 vol. % of the combustion promoter.
  • cyclohexyl nitrate or 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate can be used as a combustion promoter.
  • nitrites are used as a combustion promoter.
  • alcohols C 4 -C b In the third embodiment, a mixture of cyclohexyl nitrate or 2-ethylhexyl nitrate with nitrites of alcohols C4 - Sat is used as a combustion promoter.
  • nitro derivatives of hydrocarbons are effective promoters for diesel fuel, where they are used as additives in small quantities to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel.
  • the mechanism of influence of the ignition promoters which are used to increase the cetane number of diesel fuel by lowering the ignition threshold of the fuel mixture during compression, and the mechanism of influence of the combustion promoters, which are proposed for use in motor fuels with a high content of ethyl alcohol, are significantly different, the ignition promoters cannot be effective in high-octane motor fuel, which is made on the basis of renewable raw materials.
  • combustion promoters that do not affect the octane number, and promoters that reduce the octane number of ethanol-based fuel.
  • the existence of combustion promoters that do not affect the octane number confirms that the mechanism of influence of ignition promoters for diesel fuel and the mechanism of influence of combustion promoters in high-octane fuel are significantly different.
  • Engine power when running on fuel promoted by either the first type of promoter or the second type of promoter, or a mixture thereof increases to a certain limit, which may even exceed the power when working on gasoline.
  • Small concentrations of combustion promoters namely less than 1 vol. %, in which they are used in the proposed fuel composition, cannot significantly affect the heat of combustion of the fuel composition as a whole, but increase the completeness of combustion of fuel, reduce the time of combustion of fuel, and, as a result, increase engine power.
  • the proposed combustion promoters are divided into two types: almost not affecting the octane number of ethanol-based fuel (see paragraph 2 of the claims - the first type), and lowering lower the octane number (see paragraph 3 of the claims - second type).
  • the first type of promoters (claim 2) that increase engine power when running on fuel with their addition, but having a small effect on the octane number 5 include high-boiling nitrates (esters of nitric acid and Cb-Cs alcohols) or dialkyl peroxides, temperature boiling which exceeds the upper limit of the boiling range of the main components of the fuel.
  • cyclohexyl nitrate has a boiling point of 80 0 C at 20 mm Hg, which corresponds to approximately 180 0 C at 760 mm Hg.
  • the second type promoter (p. 3 of the claims) reducing the octane number while increasing power include nitrites (nitric acid esters) Cs-C alcohols used, provided that the boiling point is in the middle of fuel boiling range.
  • nitrites nitric acid esters
  • amyl nitrite has a boiling point of 104 0 C, and the main components of the fuel composition boil in the range from 54 0 C (methyl tert-butyl ether) to 150 0 C (the end of the boiling of gasoline).
  • the proposed fuel composition is made by direct mixing.
  • the sequence of adding components does not matter.
  • Example 2 absolute ethyl alcohol (0.2% water) - 54.46% vol. Methyl tert-butyl ether - 14.85% vol. Gas stable gasoline - 29.70% vol.
  • the octane number by the motor method is 90.7.
  • the octane number of the initial mixture containing 55 vol. % ethyl alcohol, 15 vol. % MTBE and 30 vol. % of stable gasoline by the motor method exceeds 100 units.
  • Example 3 absolute ethyl alcohol (0.2% water) - 54.78 vol.% Methyl tert-butyl ether - 14.94 vol. .% stable gasoline - 29.88% vol. amyl nitrite - 0.40% vol.
  • the octane number according to the motor method is 87.7.
  • the octane number of the initial mixture, which contains 55 vol. % ethyl alcohol, 15 vol. % MTBE and 30 vol. % of stable gasoline by the motor method exceeds 100 units.
  • Example 4 absolute ethyl alcohol (0.2% water) - 54.67 vol.% Methyl tert-butyl ether - 14.91 vol.% Gas stable gasoline - 29.82 vol.% Isoamyl nitrite - 0.60 vol.%
  • the octane number according to the motor method is 85.6.
  • the octane number of the initial mixture containing 55 vol. % ethyl alcohol, 15 vol. % MTBE and 30 vol. % of stable gasoline by the motor method exceeds 100 units.
  • Example 5 absolute ethyl alcohol (0.2% water) - 54.56% vol. Methyl tert-butyl ether - 14.88% vol. Gas stable gas - 29.76% vol. Butyl nitrite - 0.80% vol.
  • the octane number according to the motor method is 84.3.
  • the octane number of the initial mixture, which contains 55 vol. % ethyl alcohol, 15 vol. % MTBE and 30 vol. % of stable gasoline by the motor method exceeds 100 units.
  • the octane number according to the motor method is 86.2, which according to the research method is approximately 95-96 units and corresponds to the performance of A95 gasoline.
  • Example 7 absolute ethyl alcohol (0.2% water) - 54.61 vol.% Methyl tert-butyl ether - 14.90 vol.% Gas stable gas - 29.79 vol.% Cyclohexyl nitrate - 0.50 vol.% Butyl nitrite - 0.20 vol.%
  • the octane number according to the motor method is 90.1, which corresponds to the performance of A98 gasoline.
  • the ⁇ content decreases to 0.2% at idle and to 1.5% in acceleration mode, while the CO content increases to 14–18%, which directly indicates an increase in the completeness of fuel combustion.
  • the same indicator for gasoline is 1.5-2% ⁇ at idle and 6-8% ⁇ in acceleration mode. Under conditions of low combustion temperature, the content of NO, in comparison with work on gasoline, also decreases by 3-10 times.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour réduire ou maintenir le poids corporel d'un humain dans un état stable au moyen d'une thérapie de régime. Elle concerne le domaine de la médecine et vise notamment le traitement de l'excès pondéral grâce au régime; elle est destinée aux personnes souffrant d'un excès pondéral. Le procédé pour réduire ou maintenir le poids corporel d'un humain dans un état stable au moyen d'une thérapie de régime consiste à limiter la quantité d'aliments consommés par la personne compte tenu d'un calcul qui met en correspondance l'équilibre métabolique optimal d'une personne et ses besoins journaliers en aliments. On soustrait ensuite la modification journalière de la masse corporelle, qui est déterminée par la division de la réduction planifiée de la masse corporelle, en gramme, par le nombre de jours prévus pour maigrir. Les besoins optimaux mis en correspondance avec l'équilibre métabolique optimal d'une personne et ses besoins journaliers en aliments sont mesurés en unités 'Light', déterminés par la formule suivante: Lopt = N x P x (1,15 - 0,005 x F) x D, N étant le coefficient d'optimisation P - la masse de la personne, en kg, F - l'âge de la personne, en années, D - le coefficient de résistance au régime. La sélection de la quantité nécessaire d'aliments et du menu se fait par la conversion de la valeur énergétique totale des produits au moyen de coefficients.
PCT/UA2006/000056 2006-08-07 2006-10-17 Procede pour reduire ou maintenir le poids corporel d'un humain dans un etat stable au moyen d'une therapie de regime WO2008018847A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA200608843A UA82149C2 (uk) 2006-08-07 2006-08-07 Паливна композиція для двигунів внутрішнього згоряння з іскровим запалюванням
UAA200608843 2006-08-07

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WO2008018847A1 true WO2008018847A1 (fr) 2008-02-14

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RU (1) RU2371469C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA82149C2 (fr)
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207076A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-06-10 Texaco Inc. Gasoline-ethanol fuel mixture solubilized with ethyl-t-butyl ether
DE3033220A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-01 Maurizio Milano Gianoli Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch
RU2165534C1 (ru) * 2000-10-24 2001-04-20 Пискунов Семен Евсеевич Способ работы двигателя внутреннего сгорания (варианты)
CN1611583A (zh) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-04 翟雁萍 含汽油的混合燃料
UA13086U (en) * 2005-09-19 2006-03-15 Nat Traditions Of Bukovyna Ltd A fuel composition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207076A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-06-10 Texaco Inc. Gasoline-ethanol fuel mixture solubilized with ethyl-t-butyl ether
DE3033220A1 (de) * 1980-09-04 1982-04-01 Maurizio Milano Gianoli Treibstoff- bzw. brennstoffgemisch
RU2165534C1 (ru) * 2000-10-24 2001-04-20 Пискунов Семен Евсеевич Способ работы двигателя внутреннего сгорания (варианты)
CN1611583A (zh) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-04 翟雁萍 含汽油的混合燃料
UA13086U (en) * 2005-09-19 2006-03-15 Nat Traditions Of Bukovyna Ltd A fuel composition

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RU2371469C2 (ru) 2009-10-27
UA82149C2 (uk) 2008-03-11
RU2007101366A (ru) 2008-07-20

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