US20220228078A1 - Fuel composition for lean burn engine - Google Patents
Fuel composition for lean burn engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20220228078A1 US20220228078A1 US17/609,523 US202017609523A US2022228078A1 US 20220228078 A1 US20220228078 A1 US 20220228078A1 US 202017609523 A US202017609523 A US 202017609523A US 2022228078 A1 US2022228078 A1 US 2022228078A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vol
- carbon atoms
- content
- fuel composition
- hydrocarbons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005224 alkoxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013051 drainage agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDLIPGJLQQTGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(2-methylpropyl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)CNC1=CC=C(NCC(C)C)C=C1 KDLIPGJLQQTGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-di(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)C)C=C1 PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RURPJGZXBHYNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C=NC(C)CN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O RURPJGZXBHYNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYNSBQPICQTCGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzopyrane Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=CCOC2=C1 KYNSBQPICQTCGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical group C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSNYFFJTZPIKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DSNYFFJTZPIKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine.
- a lean burn engine that burns fuel in an air-fuel mixture leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio has been known.
- a fuel for the lean burn engine for example, in Patent Literature 1, a fuel composition for a lean burn engine including one or more types of gasoline selected from the group consisting of alkylate gasoline, catalytically reformed gasoline, light catalytic cracking gasoline, and coker light gasoline is disclosed.
- the upper limit of operable air-fuel ratio (air/fuel) is referred to as lean limit, and through expansion of the lean limit, improvement in fuel efficiency and stabilization of combustion are expected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine, which comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component, with an aromatic content of 25 vol % or less.
- the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 60 vol % relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 vol % or less relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 85 vol % or more.
- a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine is provided.
- the fuel composition of the present embodiment is a fuel composition that comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component (for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 60 vol % or more, more preferably 70 vol % or more, still more preferably 80 vol % or more, and further preferably 85 vol % or more).
- the aromatic content in the fuel composition is 25 vol % or less, preferably 20 vol % or less, more preferably 15 vol % or less, still more preferably 10 vol % or less, further preferably 5 vol % or less, furthermore preferably 3 vol % or less, and particularly preferably 2 vol % or less.
- the fuel composition of the present embodiment comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component with an aromatic content equal to or less than a specific value to expand the lean limit of a lean burn engine, being suitable for use as a fuel composition for a lean burn engine (in particular, for use in ultra-lean burn with a lean limit of 2 or more).
- the content of each component in the fuel composition is a value measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 “Liquid petroleum products-testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography”.
- the aromatic content of the fuel composition may be, for example, 0.1 vol % or more, or may be 0.5 vol % or more.
- the aromatic content of the fuel composition may be 0.1 to 25 vol %, 0.1 to 20 vol %, 0.1 to 15 vol %, 0.1 to 10 vol %, 0.1 to 5 vol %, 0.1 to 3 vol %, 0.1 to 2 vol %, 0.5 to 25 vol %, 0.5 to 20 vol %, 0.5 to 15 vol %, 0.5 to 10 vol %, 0.5 to 5 vol %, 0.5 to 3 vol %, or 0.5 to 2 vol %.
- hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms for example, normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and an aromatic compound having 6 carbon atoms (benzene) may be included.
- the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 30 vol % or less, preferably 20 vol % or less, and more preferably 15 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 0.5 vol % or more, or may be 1 vol % or more, preferably 5 vol % or more, and still more preferably 10 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 0.5 to 30 vol %, 0.5 to 20 vol %, 0.5 to 15 vol %, 1 to 30 vol %, 1 to 20 vol %, 1 to 15 vol %, 5 to 30 vol %, 5 to 20 vol %, 5 to 15 vol %, 10 to 30 vol %, 10 to 20 vol %, or 10 to 15 vol %, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 20 vol % or more, preferably 25 vol % or more, more preferably 30 vol % or more, and still more preferably 35 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 80 vol % or less, preferably 75 vol % or less, and more preferably 70 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 60 vol % or less, 50 vol % or less, or 45 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 80 vol %, 20 to 75 vol %, 20 to 70 vol %, 20 to 60 vol %, 20 to 50 vol %, 20 to 45 vol %, 25 to 80 vol %, 25 to 75 vol %, 25 to 70 vol %, 25 to 60 vol %, 25 to 50 vol %, 25 to 45 vol %, 30 to 80 vol %, 30 to 75 vol %, 30 to 70 vol %, 30 to 60 vol %, 30 to 50 vol %, 30 to 45 vol %, 35 to 80 vol %, 35 to 75 vol %, 35 to 70 vol %, 35 to 60 vol %, 35 to 50 vol %, or 35 to 45 vol %, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 5 vol % or more, preferably 10 vol % or more, more preferably 20 vol % or more, and still more preferably 25 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 30 vol % or more, 35 vol % or more, or 40 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 70 vol % or less, preferably 65 vol % or less, more preferably 60 vol % or less, still more preferably 55 vol % or less, further preferably 50 vol % or less, and furthermore preferably 45 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 5 to 70 vol %, 5 to 65 vol %, 5 to 60 vol %, 5 to 55 vol %, 5 to 50 vol %, 5 to 45 vol %, 10 to 70 vol %, 10 to 65 vol %, 10 to 60 vol %, 10 to 55 vol %, 10 to 50 vol %, 10 to 45 vol %, 20 to 70 vol %, 20 to 65 vol %, 20 to 60 vol %, 20 to 55 vol %, 20 to 50 vol %, 20 to 45 vol %, 25 to 70 vol %, 25 to 65 vol %, 25 to 60 vol %, 25 to 55 vol %, 25 to 50 vol %, 25 to 45 vol %, 30 to 70 vol %, 30 to 65 vol %, 30 to 60 vol %, 30 to 55 vol %, 30 to 50 vol %, 30 to 45 vol %, 35 to 70 vol %, 35 to 65 vol %, 35 to 60 vol %, 35 to 60 vol
- the total amount of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms is, for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 70 vol % or more, more preferably 80 vol % or more, still more preferably 90 vol % or more, and further preferably 93 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the fuel composition of the present embodiment may contain hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, hydrocarbons having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or may be hydrocarbons having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the content of hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, less than 50 vol %, preferably 40 vol % or less, more preferably 30 vol % or less, still more preferably 20 vol % or less, and further preferably 15 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons is, for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 60 vol % or more, more preferably 70 vol % or more, still more preferably 80 vol % or more, further preferably 85 vol % or more, and furthermore preferably 90 mass % or more. Also, the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 100 vol % or less, 98 vol % or less, or 95 vol % or less.
- the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 50 to 100 vol %, 50 to 98 vol %, 50 to 95 vol %, 60 to 100 vol %, 60 to 98 vol %, 60 to 95 vol %, 70 to 100 vol %, 70 to 98 vol %, 70 to 95 vol %, 80 to 100 vol %, 80 to 98 vol %, 80 to 95 vol %, 85 to 100 vol %, 85 to 98 vol %, 85 to 95 vol %, 90 to 100 vol %, 90 to 98 vol %, or 90 to 95 vol %.
- the fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain oxygen-containing compounds.
- the oxygen-containing compounds are organic compounds containing oxygen as a constituent element.
- the oxygen-containing compounds include oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, oxygen-containing aromatic compounds, and oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds.
- One of the oxygen-containing compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds are compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle.
- the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds include compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle such as a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, an ethylene oxide ring, a propylene oxide ring, a pyran ring, a tetrahydropyran ring, a benzofuran ring, and a benzopyran ring.
- compounds having a furan ring are preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect described above more remarkably.
- the compounds having a furan ring include furan, 2-methylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran.
- furan and 2-methylfuran are particularly preferred.
- Oxygen-containing aromatic compounds are compounds that contain oxygen as a constituent element and have an aromatic ring.
- the oxygen-containing aromatic compounds include aromatic compounds having an oxygen atom directly bonded to an aromatic ring (for example, alkoxybenzene, phenols).
- alkoxybenzene include anisole, phenetol, and propyloxybenzene. As alkoxybenzene, anisole and phenetol are preferred from the viewpoint of the range of boiling point.
- oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds examples include alcohols, ethers (for example, ethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, ETBE (ethyl-tert-butyl ether)).
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be, for example, less than 50 vol %, preferably 40 vol % or less, more preferably 30 vol % or less, and still more preferably 25 vol % or less relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- the content thereof may be, for example, 1 vol % or more, 3 vol % or more, 5 vol % or more, or 10 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- the content of the oxygen-containing compound relative to the total amount of the fuel composition may be 0 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 0 to 40 vol %, 0 to 30 vol %, 0 to 25 vol %, 1 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 1 to 40 vol %, 1 to 30 vol %, 1 to 25 vol %, 3 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 3 to 40 vol %, 3 to 30 vol %, 3 to 25 vol %, 5 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 5 to 40 vol %, 5 to 30 vol %, 5 to 25 vol %, 10 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 10 to 40 vol %, 10 to 30 vol %, or 10 to 25 vol %.
- the fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain components other than the above.
- the other components include a cleaning dispersant, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a surface ignition inhibitor, an antifreeze agent, a combustion improver, an antistatic agent, a colorant, a rust inhibitor, a drainage agent, a fuel marker, an odorant, and a friction modifier.
- the total content of these other components may be, for example, 1 vol % or less, preferably 0.5 vol % or less, and more preferably 0.1 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- the total content of the other components may be, for example, 0.001 vol % or more, or 0.002 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- the total content of the other components described above may be 0 to 1 vol %, 0 to 0.5 vol %, 0 to 0.1 vol %, 0.001 to 1 vol %, 0.001 to 0.5 vol %, 0.001 to 0.1 vol %, 0.002 to 1 vol %, 0.002 to 0.5 vol %, or 0.002 to 0.1 vol %.
- a cleaning dispersant a commonly used cleaning dispersant may be used, and, for example, a compound known as a cleaning dispersant for gasoline such as succinimide, polyalkylamine, or polyetheramine may be used.
- the antioxidant include N,N′-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and hindered phenols.
- the metal deactivator include an amine-carbonyl condensation compound such as N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
- the surface ignition inhibitor include an organic phosphorus compound.
- Examples of the antifreeze agent include a polyhydric alcohol or an ether thereof.
- Examples of the combustion improver include an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acid, and a higher alcohol sulfate ester.
- Examples of the antistatic agent include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant.
- Examples of the colorant include an azo dye.
- Examples of the rust inhibitor include an organic carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof, and an alkenyl succinic acid ester.
- Examples of the drainage agent include sorbitan esters.
- Examples of the fuel marker include kilyzanine and coumarin.
- Examples of the odorant include a natural essential oil and a synthetic fragrance.
- Examples of the friction modifier include a mixture of a higher carboxylic acid monoglyceride and a higher carboxylic acid amide compound.
- a fuel composition having a composition shown in the following Table 1 was prepared.
- the composition of the fuel composition is based on the values measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 “Liquid petroleum products-Testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography”.
- the lean limit was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the lean limit was measured by changing the excess air ratio under conditions with a rotation speed of 2000 rpm, an indicated mean effective pressure of 800 kPa, and a minimum spark advance for best torque (MBT).
- the excess air ratio at a point where the fluctuation rate of the indicated mean effective pressure exceeds 3% was presumed as the lean limit.
- the excess air ratio is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture during testing divided by the theoretical air-fuel ratio of the fuel composition, which is the reciprocal of equivalence ratio ⁇ .
- Comparative Example 1 is an example with use of high-octane gasoline, and the oxygen content in Comparative Example 1 indicates the content of the oxygen-containing compound contained in high-octane gasoline.
- “Saturated content” indicates the content (vol %) of saturated hydrocarbons
- “Unsaturated content” indicates the content (vol %) of unsaturated hydrocarbons (excluding aromatic compounds)
- “Aromatic content” indicates the content (vol %) of aromatic compounds
- “Oxygenates content” indicates the content (vol %) of oxygen-containing compounds
- “Total” indicates the total content (vol %) of saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing compounds.
- C4 to C6 hydrocarbon indicates the content (vol %) of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the fuel composition
- n-Paraffin indicates the content (vol %) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
- Isoparaffin indicates the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
- Ole indicates the content (vol %) of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms
- “Subtotal” indicates the total content (vol %) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Example 4
- Saturated content 72.2 45.4 44.3 49.8 55.4
- Unsaturated content 8.0 33.7 54.1 48.7 43.3
- Subtotal 98.2 94.3 94.3 94.3 95.6 Lean limit 2.17 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.30
- Example 6 Example 7
- Example 8 Example 9
- Saturated content 72.1 55.0 57.6 39.8 35.4 Unsaturated content 27.1 43.8 41.3 48.7 43.3
- Aromatic content 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5
- HYDROCARBON n-Paraffin 2.4 11.8 13.4 5.2 5.2
- Isoparaffin 68.5 38.7 40.3 32.4 32.4
- Lean limit 2.32 2.35 2.40 2.26 2.38
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine.
- Conventionally, a lean burn engine that burns fuel in an air-fuel mixture leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio has been known. As a fuel for the lean burn engine, for example, in Patent Literature 1, a fuel composition for a lean burn engine including one or more types of gasoline selected from the group consisting of alkylate gasoline, catalytically reformed gasoline, light catalytic cracking gasoline, and coker light gasoline is disclosed.
-
- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-182579
- In a lean burn engine, the upper limit of operable air-fuel ratio (air/fuel) is referred to as lean limit, and through expansion of the lean limit, improvement in fuel efficiency and stabilization of combustion are expected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a fuel composition for a lean burn engine, which comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component, with an aromatic content of 25 vol % or less.
- In an aspect, the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 60 vol % relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- In an aspect, the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 vol % or less relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- In an aspect, the content of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 85 vol % or more.
- According to the present invention, a fuel composition for a lean burn engine capable of expanding the lean limit of a lean burn engine is provided.
- A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- The fuel composition of the present embodiment is a fuel composition that comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component (for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 60 vol % or more, more preferably 70 vol % or more, still more preferably 80 vol % or more, and further preferably 85 vol % or more).
- In the present embodiment, the aromatic content in the fuel composition is 25 vol % or less, preferably 20 vol % or less, more preferably 15 vol % or less, still more preferably 10 vol % or less, further preferably 5 vol % or less, furthermore preferably 3 vol % or less, and particularly preferably 2 vol % or less.
- The fuel composition of the present embodiment comprises hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms as main component with an aromatic content equal to or less than a specific value to expand the lean limit of a lean burn engine, being suitable for use as a fuel composition for a lean burn engine (in particular, for use in ultra-lean burn with a lean limit of 2 or more).
- In the present specification, the content of each component in the fuel composition is a value measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 “Liquid petroleum products-testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography”.
- The aromatic content of the fuel composition may be, for example, 0.1 vol % or more, or may be 0.5 vol % or more. By containing a slight amount of aromatic compound, the effect of further increasing the heating value per volume while suppressing knocking can be obtained.
- More specifically, the aromatic content of the fuel composition may be 0.1 to 25 vol %, 0.1 to 20 vol %, 0.1 to 15 vol %, 0.1 to 10 vol %, 0.1 to 5 vol %, 0.1 to 3 vol %, 0.1 to 2 vol %, 0.5 to 25 vol %, 0.5 to 20 vol %, 0.5 to 15 vol %, 0.5 to 10 vol %, 0.5 to 5 vol %, 0.5 to 3 vol %, or 0.5 to 2 vol %.
- In the hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and an aromatic compound having 6 carbon atoms (benzene) may be included.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 30 vol % or less, preferably 20 vol % or less, and more preferably 15 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- The content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 0.5 vol % or more, or may be 1 vol % or more, preferably 5 vol % or more, and still more preferably 10 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- More specifically, the content of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 0.5 to 30 vol %, 0.5 to 20 vol %, 0.5 to 15 vol %, 1 to 30 vol %, 1 to 20 vol %, 1 to 15 vol %, 5 to 30 vol %, 5 to 20 vol %, 5 to 15 vol %, 10 to 30 vol %, 10 to 20 vol %, or 10 to 15 vol %, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 20 vol % or more, preferably 25 vol % or more, more preferably 30 vol % or more, and still more preferably 35 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- Also, the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 80 vol % or less, preferably 75 vol % or less, and more preferably 70 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 60 vol % or less, 50 vol % or less, or 45 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- More specifically, the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 20 to 80 vol %, 20 to 75 vol %, 20 to 70 vol %, 20 to 60 vol %, 20 to 50 vol %, 20 to 45 vol %, 25 to 80 vol %, 25 to 75 vol %, 25 to 70 vol %, 25 to 60 vol %, 25 to 50 vol %, 25 to 45 vol %, 30 to 80 vol %, 30 to 75 vol %, 30 to 70 vol %, 30 to 60 vol %, 30 to 50 vol %, 30 to 45 vol %, 35 to 80 vol %, 35 to 75 vol %, 35 to 70 vol %, 35 to 60 vol %, 35 to 50 vol %, or 35 to 45 vol %, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 5 vol % or more, preferably 10 vol % or more, more preferably 20 vol % or more, and still more preferably 25 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Also, the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 30 vol % or more, 35 vol % or more, or 40 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- Also, the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, 70 vol % or less, preferably 65 vol % or less, more preferably 60 vol % or less, still more preferably 55 vol % or less, further preferably 50 vol % or less, and furthermore preferably 45 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- More specifically, the content of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be 5 to 70 vol %, 5 to 65 vol %, 5 to 60 vol %, 5 to 55 vol %, 5 to 50 vol %, 5 to 45 vol %, 10 to 70 vol %, 10 to 65 vol %, 10 to 60 vol %, 10 to 55 vol %, 10 to 50 vol %, 10 to 45 vol %, 20 to 70 vol %, 20 to 65 vol %, 20 to 60 vol %, 20 to 55 vol %, 20 to 50 vol %, 20 to 45 vol %, 25 to 70 vol %, 25 to 65 vol %, 25 to 60 vol %, 25 to 55 vol %, 25 to 50 vol %, 25 to 45 vol %, 30 to 70 vol %, 30 to 65 vol %, 30 to 60 vol %, 30 to 55 vol %, 30 to 50 vol %, 30 to 45 vol %, 35 to 70 vol %, 35 to 65 vol %, 35 to 60 vol %, 35 to 55 vol %, 35 to 50 vol %, 35 to 45 vol %, 40 to 70 vol %, 40 to 65 vol %, 40 to 60 vol %, 40 to 55 vol %, 40 to 50 vol %, or 40 to 45 vol %, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the total amount of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms is, for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 70 vol % or more, more preferably 80 vol % or more, still more preferably 90 vol % or more, and further preferably 93 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Thereby, the effect described above tends to be obtained more remarkably.
- The fuel composition of the present embodiment may contain hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, hydrocarbons having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or may be hydrocarbons having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the content of hydrocarbons having more than 6 carbon atoms may be, for example, less than 50 vol %, preferably 40 vol % or less, more preferably 30 vol % or less, still more preferably 20 vol % or less, and further preferably 15 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons is, for example, 50 vol % or more, preferably 60 vol % or more, more preferably 70 vol % or more, still more preferably 80 vol % or more, further preferably 85 vol % or more, and furthermore preferably 90 mass % or more. Also, the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 100 vol % or less, 98 vol % or less, or 95 vol % or less.
- More specifically, the ratio of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons may be 50 to 100 vol %, 50 to 98 vol %, 50 to 95 vol %, 60 to 100 vol %, 60 to 98 vol %, 60 to 95 vol %, 70 to 100 vol %, 70 to 98 vol %, 70 to 95 vol %, 80 to 100 vol %, 80 to 98 vol %, 80 to 95 vol %, 85 to 100 vol %, 85 to 98 vol %, 85 to 95 vol %, 90 to 100 vol %, 90 to 98 vol %, or 90 to 95 vol %.
- The fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain oxygen-containing compounds.
- The oxygen-containing compounds are organic compounds containing oxygen as a constituent element. Examples of the oxygen-containing compounds include oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, oxygen-containing aromatic compounds, and oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds. One of the oxygen-containing compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- The oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds are compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle. Examples of the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds include compounds having an oxygen-containing heterocycle such as a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, an ethylene oxide ring, a propylene oxide ring, a pyran ring, a tetrahydropyran ring, a benzofuran ring, and a benzopyran ring. As the oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds, compounds having a furan ring are preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect described above more remarkably. Examples of the compounds having a furan ring include furan, 2-methylfuran and 2,5-dimethylfuran. As the compounds having a furan ring, furan and 2-methylfuran are particularly preferred.
- Oxygen-containing aromatic compounds are compounds that contain oxygen as a constituent element and have an aromatic ring. Examples of the oxygen-containing aromatic compounds include aromatic compounds having an oxygen atom directly bonded to an aromatic ring (for example, alkoxybenzene, phenols). Examples of alkoxybenzene include anisole, phenetol, and propyloxybenzene. As alkoxybenzene, anisole and phenetol are preferred from the viewpoint of the range of boiling point.
- Examples of the oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds include alcohols, ethers (for example, ethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, ETBE (ethyl-tert-butyl ether)).
- In the fuel composition of the present embodiment, the content of the oxygen-containing compound may be, for example, less than 50 vol %, preferably 40 vol % or less, more preferably 30 vol % or less, and still more preferably 25 vol % or less relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- In the case where the fuel composition of the present embodiment contains an oxygen-containing compound, the content thereof may be, for example, 1 vol % or more, 3 vol % or more, 5 vol % or more, or 10 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- More specifically, the content of the oxygen-containing compound relative to the total amount of the fuel composition may be 0 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 0 to 40 vol %, 0 to 30 vol %, 0 to 25 vol %, 1 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 1 to 40 vol %, 1 to 30 vol %, 1 to 25 vol %, 3 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 3 to 40 vol %, 3 to 30 vol %, 3 to 25 vol %, 5 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 5 to 40 vol %, 5 to 30 vol %, 5 to 25 vol %, 10 vol % or more and less than 50 vol %, 10 to 40 vol %, 10 to 30 vol %, or 10 to 25 vol %.
- The fuel composition of the present embodiment may further contain components other than the above. Examples of the other components include a cleaning dispersant, an antioxidant, a metal deactivator, a surface ignition inhibitor, an antifreeze agent, a combustion improver, an antistatic agent, a colorant, a rust inhibitor, a drainage agent, a fuel marker, an odorant, and a friction modifier. The total content of these other components may be, for example, 1 vol % or less, preferably 0.5 vol % or less, and more preferably 0.1 vol % or less, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition. Also, the total content of the other components may be, for example, 0.001 vol % or more, or 0.002 vol % or more, relative to the total amount of the fuel composition.
- More specifically, the total content of the other components described above may be 0 to 1 vol %, 0 to 0.5 vol %, 0 to 0.1 vol %, 0.001 to 1 vol %, 0.001 to 0.5 vol %, 0.001 to 0.1 vol %, 0.002 to 1 vol %, 0.002 to 0.5 vol %, or 0.002 to 0.1 vol %.
- As the cleaning dispersant, a commonly used cleaning dispersant may be used, and, for example, a compound known as a cleaning dispersant for gasoline such as succinimide, polyalkylamine, or polyetheramine may be used. Examples of the antioxidant include N,N′-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N′-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and hindered phenols. Examples of the metal deactivator include an amine-carbonyl condensation compound such as N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane. Examples of the surface ignition inhibitor include an organic phosphorus compound. Examples of the antifreeze agent include a polyhydric alcohol or an ether thereof. Examples of the combustion improver include an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acid, and a higher alcohol sulfate ester. Examples of the antistatic agent include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant. Examples of the colorant include an azo dye. Examples of the rust inhibitor include an organic carboxylic acid and a derivative thereof, and an alkenyl succinic acid ester. Examples of the drainage agent include sorbitan esters. Examples of the fuel marker include kilyzanine and coumarin. Examples of the odorant include a natural essential oil and a synthetic fragrance. Examples of the friction modifier include a mixture of a higher carboxylic acid monoglyceride and a higher carboxylic acid amide compound.
- A preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, though the present invention is not limited thereto.
- The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples as follows, though the present invention is not limited thereto.
- As the fuel composition, a fuel composition having a composition shown in the following Table 1 was prepared. The composition of the fuel composition is based on the values measured by the method described in JIS K 2536-2 “Liquid petroleum products-Testing method of components, Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography”. Using the prepared fuel composition, the lean limit was measured by the following method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- <Measurement of Lean Limit>
- With use of the following test engine, the lean limit was measured by changing the excess air ratio under conditions with a rotation speed of 2000 rpm, an indicated mean effective pressure of 800 kPa, and a minimum spark advance for best torque (MBT). The excess air ratio at a point where the fluctuation rate of the indicated mean effective pressure exceeds 3% was presumed as the lean limit. The excess air ratio is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture during testing divided by the theoretical air-fuel ratio of the fuel composition, which is the reciprocal of equivalence ratio ϕ.
- (Test Engine)
- Engine: single cylinder
- Displacement: 563 cc
- Injection method: port injection
- The composition of the fuel composition was changed to the composition shown in Table 1, Table 2 or Table 3, and the lean limit was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1, Table 2 or Table 3. In Example 9, ethanol was used as the oxygen-containing compound, and in Example 10, 2-methylfuran was used as the oxygen-containing compound. Further, Comparative Example 1 is an example with use of high-octane gasoline, and the oxygen content in Comparative Example 1 indicates the content of the oxygen-containing compound contained in high-octane gasoline.
- In the tables, “Saturated content” indicates the content (vol %) of saturated hydrocarbons, “Unsaturated content” indicates the content (vol %) of unsaturated hydrocarbons (excluding aromatic compounds), “Aromatic content” indicates the content (vol %) of aromatic compounds, “Oxygenates content” indicates the content (vol %) of oxygen-containing compounds, and “Total” indicates the total content (vol %) of saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing compounds.
- Further, in the tables, “C4 to C6 hydrocarbon” indicates the content (vol %) of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the fuel composition, “n-Paraffin” indicates the content (vol %) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, “Isoparaffin” indicates the content of isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, “Olefin” indicates the content (vol %) of olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and “Subtotal” indicates the total content (vol %) of normal paraffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and olefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
-
TABLE 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Saturated content 72.2 45.4 44.3 49.8 55.4 Unsaturated content 8.0 33.7 54.1 48.7 43.3 Aromatic content 20.1 21.0 1.9 1.8 1.5 Oxygenates content — — — — — C4 TO C6 50.3 68.7 87.5 88.5 90.0 HYDROCARBON n-Paraffin 34.8 5.2 5.2 10.6 4.0 Isoparaffin 60.7 32.4 32.4 33.3 47.4 Olefin 2.7 56.7 56.7 50.5 44.1 Subtotal 98.2 94.3 94.3 94.3 95.6 Lean limit 2.17 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.30 -
TABLE 2 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Saturated content 72.1 55.0 57.6 39.8 35.4 Unsaturated content 27.1 43.8 41.3 48.7 43.3 Aromatic content 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 Oxygenates content — — — 10.0 20.0 C4 TO C6 93.7 90.1 90.8 78.7 70.0 HYDROCARBON n-Paraffin 2.4 11.8 13.4 5.2 5.2 Isoparaffin 68.5 38.7 40.3 32.4 32.4 Olefin 26.5 44.6 41.7 56.7 56.7 Subtotal 97.4 95.1 95.4 94.3 94.3 Lean limit 2.32 2.35 2.40 2.26 2.38 -
TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Saturated content 40.1 46.6 71.4 Unsaturated content 19.1 13.3 6.7 Aromatic content 37.8 40.0 21.3 Oxygenates content 2.9 — — C4 TO C6 49.9 0.0 11.7 HYDROCARBON n-Paraffin 9.8 0.0 56.0 Isoparaffin 45.5 0.0 43.8 Olefin 33.5 0.0 0.2 Subtotal 88.8 0.0 100.0 Lean limit 1.99 2.01 1.99
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019140862A JP7300923B2 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2019-07-31 | Fuel composition for lean burn engine |
JP2019-140862 | 2019-07-31 | ||
PCT/JP2020/027879 WO2021020181A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-17 | Lean burn engine-use fuel composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20220228078A1 true US20220228078A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
Family
ID=74230255
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/609,523 Pending US20220228078A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-17 | Fuel composition for lean burn engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220228078A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3957707A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7300923B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN114174475B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021020181A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07188678A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Tonen Corp | Gasoline composition |
JP2006083366A (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-30 | Japan Energy Corp | Gasoline composition and method for producing the same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08127783A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-05-21 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Lead-free gasoline |
JP3990053B2 (en) | 1998-08-30 | 2007-10-10 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Unleaded gasoline |
JP4633409B2 (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2011-02-16 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Gasoline composition |
JP4640550B2 (en) | 2007-02-02 | 2011-03-02 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Method for producing fuel composition for lean burn engine |
JP2011241406A (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-12-01 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | Environmentally friendly gasoline composition, and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2019
- 2019-07-31 JP JP2019140862A patent/JP7300923B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-07-17 WO PCT/JP2020/027879 patent/WO2021020181A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-07-17 CN CN202080053241.6A patent/CN114174475B/en active Active
- 2020-07-17 US US17/609,523 patent/US20220228078A1/en active Pending
- 2020-07-17 EP EP20847429.6A patent/EP3957707A4/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07188678A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Tonen Corp | Gasoline composition |
JP2006083366A (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-30 | Japan Energy Corp | Gasoline composition and method for producing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3957707A4 (en) | 2022-12-21 |
WO2021020181A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
EP3957707A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
CN114174475A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
JP2021024875A (en) | 2021-02-22 |
CN114174475B (en) | 2023-09-22 |
JP7300923B2 (en) | 2023-06-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20080244963A1 (en) | Lead-Free Aviation Fuel | |
JP4450618B2 (en) | Ethanol-containing gasoline | |
AU2014206202B2 (en) | High octane unleaded aviation gasoline | |
US11407951B2 (en) | Aviation gasolines containing mesitylene and isopentane | |
US8419811B2 (en) | Fuel composition | |
US20220228078A1 (en) | Fuel composition for lean burn engine | |
JP4634103B2 (en) | Premixed compression self-ignition and spark ignition combined engine fuel | |
JP4634104B2 (en) | Premixed compression self-ignition and spark ignition combined engine fuel | |
JP2021155627A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engine | |
JP2021155626A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engine | |
JP2022032835A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engines | |
JP2022032834A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engines | |
JP2021155625A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engine | |
JPH10121064A (en) | Unleaded gasoline | |
JP5383618B2 (en) | Fuel composition for supercharged engines | |
US9005316B2 (en) | Use of 1,1-diethoxyethane for increasing knocking resistance of automotive gasoline | |
JP2023055488A (en) | Fuel composition for lean-burn engine | |
JP6887359B2 (en) | Gasoline composition for lean burn engine | |
US20200270538A1 (en) | Motor gasoline with improved octane and method of use | |
JP2019065216A (en) | Gasoline composition for lean burn engines | |
US20210380515A1 (en) | Process and system for producing ethylene and at least one of butanol and an alkyl tert-butyl ether | |
JPH06192667A (en) | Gasoline composition | |
JP5383619B2 (en) | Fuel composition for supercharged engines | |
JP2009108129A (en) | Fuel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ENEOS CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OBATA, KEN;NAIKI, TAKETORA;SIGNING DATES FROM 20211020 TO 20211021;REEL/FRAME:058046/0893 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |