EP3943581B1 - Lubricants with tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition - Google Patents

Lubricants with tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3943581B1
EP3943581B1 EP21191946.9A EP21191946A EP3943581B1 EP 3943581 B1 EP3943581 B1 EP 3943581B1 EP 21191946 A EP21191946 A EP 21191946A EP 3943581 B1 EP3943581 B1 EP 3943581B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
oil composition
ppm
titanium
detergent
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EP21191946.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3943581A1 (en
Inventor
Kristin FLETCHER
William Lam
Kongsheng Yang
Jeremy Styer
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Afton Chemical Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M127/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a non- macromolecular hydrocarbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M129/50—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/02—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00 having means for introducing additives to lubricant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/141—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to lubricant compositions containing one or more oil soluble tungsten-containing additives and methods for using such lubricating oil compositions to reduce low speed pre-ignition events.
  • Pre-ignition is a form of combustion that results of ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber prior to the desired ignition of the air-fuel mixture by the igniter.
  • Pre-ignition has typically been a problem during high speed engine operation since heat from operation of the engine may heat a part of the combustion chamber to a sufficient temperature to ignite the air-fuel mixture upon contact. This type of pre-ignition is sometimes referred to as hot-spot pre-ignition.
  • BMEP brake mean effective pressure
  • LSPI low speed pre-ignition
  • the additive composition is effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with a same lubricating oil composition without the one or more tungsten-containing compounds.
  • the disclosure provides a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine.
  • the method includes lubricating a boosted internal combustion engine with a lubricating oil composition according to the invention.
  • the one or more tungsten-containing compound(s) may be present in an amount that provides from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm by weight tungsten to the lubricating oil composition, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition may include one or more components selected from friction modifiers, antiwear agents, dispersants, antioxidants, and viscosity index improvers.
  • the lubricating oil composition may have a sulfated ash content of less than about 1 wt.%, and the SASH may be less than 0.8%.
  • oil composition lubrication composition
  • lubricating oil composition lubricating oil
  • lubricant composition lubricating composition
  • lubricating composition lubricating composition
  • fully formulated lubricant composition lubricant
  • lubricant crankcase oil
  • crankcase lubricant engine oil
  • engine lubricant motor oil
  • motor lubricant are considered synonymous, fully interchangeable terminology referring to the finished lubrication product comprising greater than 50 wt.% of a base oil plus a minor amount of an additive composition.
  • additive package As used herein, the terms "additive package,” “additive concentrate,” “additive composition,” “engine oil additive package,” “engine oil additive concentrate,” “crankcase additive package,” “crankcase additive concentrate,” “motor oil additive package,” “motor oil concentrate,” are considered synonymous, fully interchangeable terminology referring the portion of the lubricating oil composition excluding greater than 50 wt.% of the base oil stock mixture.
  • the additive package may or may not include the viscosity index improver or pour point depressant.
  • the metal ratio is one and in an overbased salt, MR, is greater than one.
  • MR overbased salts
  • the overbased detergent has a TBN of greater than 225 mg KOH/g.
  • the overbased detergent may be a combination of two or more overbased detergents each having a TBN of greater than 225 mg KOH/g.
  • total metal refers to the total metal, metalloid or transition metal in the lubricating oil composition including the metal contributed by the detergent component(s) of the lubricating oil composition.
  • soluble oil-soluble
  • dispenser dispensers
  • soluble dissolvable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in the oil in all proportions.
  • the foregoing terms do mean, however, that they are, for instance, soluble, suspendable, dissolvable, or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert their intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed.
  • additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if desired.
  • alkyl refers to straight, branched, cyclic, and/or substituted saturated chain moieties of from about 1 to about 100 carbon atoms.
  • a gasoline engine may be a spark-ignited engine.
  • An internal combustion engine may also be used in combination with an electrical or battery source of power.
  • An engine so configured is commonly known as a hybrid engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may be a 2-stroke, 4-stroke, or rotary engine.
  • Suitable internal combustion engines include marine diesel engines (such as inland marine), aviation piston engines, low-load diesel engines, and motorcycle, automobile, locomotive, and truck engines.
  • lubricants of the present description may be suitable to meet one or more industry specification requirements such as ILSAC GF-3, GF-4, GF-5, GF-6, PC-11, CI-4, CJ-4, ACEA A1/B1, A2/B2, A3/B3, A3/B4, A5/B5, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, E4/E6/E7/E9, Euro 5/6,Jaso DL-1, Low SAPS, Mid SAPS, or original equipment manufacturer specifications such as Dexos TM 1, Dexos TM 2, MB-Approval 229.51/229.31, VW 502.00, 503.00/503.01, 504.00, 505.00, 506.00/506.01, 507.00, 508.00, 509.00, BMW Longlife-04, Porsche C30, Ford Citro ⁇ n Automobiles B71 2290, B71 2296, B71 2297, B71 2300, B71 2302, B71 2312, B71 2007, B71 2008, Ford WSS-M2C153-H
  • tractor hydraulic fluids are all-purpose products used for all lubricant applications in a tractor except for lubricating the engine.
  • These lubricating applications may include lubrication of gearboxes, power take-off and clutch(es), rear axles, reduction gears, wet brakes, and hydraulic accessories.
  • boosted internal combustion engines of the present disclosure include turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines.
  • the boosted internal combustion engines include spark-ignited, direct injection and/or port-fuel injection engines.
  • the spark-ignited internal combustion engines may be gasoline engines.
  • the combustion chamber or cylinder walls of a spark-ignited direct injection engine or port fuel injected internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger or a supercharger is operated and lubricated with the lubricating oil composition whereby the low-speed pre-ignition events in the engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition may be reduced.
  • An overbased detergent has a TBN of greater 225 mg KOH/gram, or as further examples, a TBN of 250 mg KOH/gram or greater, or a TBN of 300 mg KOH/gram or greater, or a TBN of 350 mg KOH/gram or greater, or a TBN of 375 mg KOH/gram or greater, or a TBN of 400 mg KOH/gram or greater.
  • the overbased detergent may have a metal to substrate ratio of from 1.1:1, or from 2:1, or from 4:1, or from 5:1, or from 7:1, or from 10:1.
  • the total detergent may be present at up to 10 wt.%, or up to 8 wt.%, or up to 4 wt.%, or greater than 2 wt.% to 8 wt.%, or from 4 wt.% to 8 wt.%, based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the disclosure including the additive composition has a total amount of calcium in the lubricating oil composition from the at least one overbased detergent alone, or in combination with at least one low-based/neutral detergent ranges from greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 1800 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Useful antioxidants may include diarylamines and high molecular weight phenols.
  • the lubricating oil composition may contain a mixture of a diarylamine and a high molecular weight phenol, such that each antioxidant may be present in an amount sufficient to provide up to 5%, by weight, based upon the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the antioxidant may be a mixture of 0.3 to 1.5% diarylamine and 0.4 to 2.5% high molecular weight phenol, by weight, based upon the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a suitable class of dispersants may be high molecular weight esters or half ester amides.
  • the molybdenum compound may be an acidic molybdenum compound. Included are molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, and other alkaline metal molybdates and other molybdenum salts, e.g., hydrogen sodium molybdate, MoOCl 4 , MoO 2 Br 2 , Mo 2 O 3 Cl 6 , molybdenum trioxide or similar acidic molybdenum compounds.
  • the compositions can be provided with molybdenum by molybdenum/sulfur complexes of basic nitrogen compounds as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • Suitable pour point depressants may include a polymethylmethacrylates or mixtures thereof. Pour point depressants may be present in an amount sufficient to provide from 0 wt.% to 1 wt.%, 0.01 wt.% to 0.5 wt.%, or 0.02 wt.% to 0.04 wt.% based upon the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Suitable rust inhibitors may be a single compound or a mixture of compounds having the property of inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metal surfaces.
  • Non-limiting examples of rust inhibitors useful herein include oil-soluble high molecular weight organic acids, such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, and cerotic acid, as well as oil-soluble polycarboxylic acids including dimer and trimer acids, such as those produced from tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
  • oil-soluble high molecular weight organic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, and cerotic acid
  • oil-soluble polycarboxylic acids including dimer and trim
  • a suitable crankcase lubricant may include additive components in the ranges listed in the following table.
  • Table 2 Component Wt. % (Broad) Wt. % (Typical) Dispersant(s) 0.0-10% 1.0 -8.5%
  • Fully formulated lubricants conventionally contain an additive package, referred to herein as a dispersant/inhibitor package or DI package, that will supply the characteristics that are required in the formulations.
  • DI package a dispersant/inhibitor package
  • Suitable DI packages are described for example in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,204,012 and 6,034,040 for example.
  • additives included in the additive package may be dispersants, seal swell agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, lubricity agents, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, viscosity index improvers, and the like.
  • these components are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally used in conventional amounts with the additives and compositions described herein.
  • LSPI Low Speed Pre-Ignition
  • TGDi gasoline direct injection
  • stage A when LSPI is most likely to occur, the engine is operated at about 2000 rpm and about 18,000 kPa brake mean effective pressure (BMEP).
  • stage B when LSPI is not likely to occur, the engine is operated at about 1500 rpm and about 17,000 kPa BMEP. For each stage, data is collected over 25,000 engine cycles.
  • R-1 was a lubricating oil composition formulated with the base DI package and an overbased calcium detergent in an amount sufficient to provide about 2400 ppm Ca to the lubricating oil composition. More detailed formulation information for reference oil R-1 is given below.
  • Sulfated ash (SASH) content in the fully formulated lubricating oil composition was calculated by summing the SASH attributed to metallic elements that contribute to SASH in the lubricant composition according to the following factors that were multiplied by the amount of each metallic element in the lubricant composition according to: http://konnaris.com/portals/0/search/calculations.htm.
  • Reference oils, R-1 and R-2 are included as reference oils to demonstrate the current state of the art.
  • Reference oil R-1 was formulated from about 80.7 wt.% of a Group III base oil, 12.1 wt.% of HiTEC ® 11150 PCMO Additive Package available from Afton Chemical Corporation and 7.2 wt.% of a 35 SSI ethylene/propylene copolymer viscosity index improver.
  • HiTEC ® 11150 passenger car motor oil additive package is an API SN, ILSAC-GF-5, and ACEA A5/B5 qualified DI package.
  • Comparative formulation C-1 contained as the only detergent an overbased calcium detergent at an amount to provide 1600 ppm by weight of Ca to the lubricating oil composition.
  • Comparative formulation C-2 contained an overbased calcium detergent at an amount to provide 2400 ppm by weight of Ca to the lubricating oil composition.
  • Formulation C-2 also contained a reaction product of titanium isopropoxide and neodecanoic acid in an amount to provide about 300 ppm by weight of titanium to the lubricating oil composition.
  • R-1 and R-2 are included as reference oils to demonstrate the current state of the art.
  • Formulations R-1 and R-2 both contain calcium-containing detergents having a high calcium content.
  • R-1 and R-2 meet all performance requirements for ILSAC GF-5.
  • Comparative examples C-1 and C-2 are lubricant compositions that were provided to show the effect on the LSPI Ratio caused by SASH and/or increased titanium content.
  • each of the different sources of titanium used in the lubricating oil compositions were effective for reducing the LSPI Ratio.
  • compositions 1-7, 1-8, and 1-9 also included overbased and low-based/neutral calcium detergents.
  • the tested amounts of detergents and titanium and the results of the tests for these compositions are shown in Table 6.
  • Table 6 R-1 R-2 C-1 C-3 I-7 ⁇ I-8 ⁇ I-9 ⁇ OB Ca, ppmw 2400 2600 1600 1350 1325 1300 1325 LB/N Ca, ppmw 0 0 0 125 125 125 125 Total Ca, ppmw 2400 2600 1600 1475 1450 1425 1450 Ti, ppmw 0 100 0 0 25 100 300 LSPI Ratio 1 1.18 0.22 0.24 0.03 0.07 0.01 Sulfated Ash, wt.% 1.05 1.11 0.76 0.723 0.727 0.74 0.773 ⁇ : not according to the invention
  • a comparison of formulation C-3 with the results obtained with formulations 1-7,1-8, and 1-9 shows that adding titanium to a composition having both overbased and low-based/neutral calcium detergents provides a significant reduction in the LSPI Ratio.
  • Comparative formulation C-2 contained an amount of overbased calcium sulfonate that delivered 1600 ppm of calcium to the lubricating oil composition and an oil soluble tungsten-containing compound (VanLube TM W-324 available from Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC) in an amount to provide about 100 ppm by weight of tungsten to the lubricating oil composition.
  • an oil soluble tungsten-containing compound VanLube TM W-324 available from Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC
  • Inventive formulation I-1 contained an amount of overbased calcium sulfonate that delivered 1600 ppm of calcium to the lubrication oil composition and an oil soluble tungsten-containing compound (VanLube TM W-324 available from Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC) in an amount sufficient to provide about 300 ppm by weight of tungsten to the lubricating oil composition.
  • the amounts of tungsten and results are shown in the following table.
  • Table 7 R-1 C-1 C-2 1-1 OB Ca, ppmw 2400 1600 1600 1600 Tungsten, ppmw 0 0 100 300 LSPI Ratio 1.000 0.218 0.213 0.087
  • R-1 is included as a reference oil to demonstrate the current state of the art.
  • R-1 meets all performance requirements for ILSAC GF-5.
  • Comparative examples C-1 and C-2 are lubricant compositions provided to show the effect on the LSPI Ratio caused by tungsten at 100 ppm by weight of the total lubricating oil composition.
  • each amount/value or range of amounts/values for each component, compound, substituent or parameter disclosed herein is to be interpreted as also being disclosed in combination with each amount/value or range of amounts/values disclosed for any other component(s), compounds(s), substituent(s) or parameter(s) disclosed herein and that any combination of amounts/values or ranges of amounts/values for two or more component(s), compounds(s), substituent(s) or parameters disclosed herein are thus also disclosed in combination with each other for the purposes of this description.

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PCT/US2016/042334 WO2017011689A1 (en) 2015-07-16 2016-07-14 Lubricants with titanium and/or tungsten and their use for improving low speed pre-ignition
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EP3322785A1 (en) 2018-05-23
CA2991788A1 (en) 2017-01-19
RU2719479C2 (ru) 2020-04-17
US20170015928A1 (en) 2017-01-19
BR112017028384A2 (pt) 2018-08-28
KR102140386B1 (ko) 2020-07-31
KR20180053295A (ko) 2018-05-21
EP3322785C0 (en) 2024-05-08
CA2991788C (en) 2021-01-26
WO2017011689A1 (en) 2017-01-19
MX2018000153A (es) 2018-03-26
CN107820514B (zh) 2021-06-01
US10550349B2 (en) 2020-02-04
CN107820514A (zh) 2018-03-20
BR112017028384B1 (pt) 2021-11-16
RU2018104033A (ru) 2019-08-05
JP6763012B2 (ja) 2020-09-30
EP3943581A1 (en) 2022-01-26
RU2018104033A3 (ru) 2019-12-24

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