EP3922774A1 - Adapter for a quick change system and quick change system comprising such an adapter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adapter (2) for a quick change system for changing attachments on a construction machine, the coupling elements (4, 5) arranged between two side walls (3) at a predetermined distance from one another for connecting the adapter (1) to a quick changer (2 ) contains. In order to provide improved protection against damage, the rear ends (19) of the two side cheeks (3) protrude to the rear with respect to a back cover (20) arranged between the side cheeks (3).

Description

The invention relates to an adapter for a quick-change system. The invention also relates to a quick-change system with such an adapter.

Quick change systems consisting of a quick hitch and an associated adapter are used for easy and convenient changing of different attachments on construction machines. With such a quick-change system, e.g. swivel spoons, grippers, scissors, compressors, magnets, hydraulic hammers or other attachments can be coupled or uncoupled from a driver's cab, e.g. to a boom of an excavator, in a few seconds and with a high level of safety.

From the DE 10 2018 128 479 A1 a generic quick change system is known. This has an adapter with two bolt-shaped coupling elements arranged between parallel sidecars at a predetermined distance from one another for connecting the adapter to a quick changer. The quick changer belonging to the adapter contains claw-shaped first receptacles for the first bolt-shaped coupling element on one side and has second receptacles on the other side with two locking elements movable between an unlocking position and a locking position for releasably holding the second coupling element. Since the attachments that can be coupled with such a quick-change system are usually on the ground before coupling and often have to be moved over uneven or rocky ground to pick them up, there is a risk that parts of the adapter or quick-change device will be damaged in the process. For example, a protective cover provided on the adapter can be damaged relatively quickly when moving and picking up an attachment. Even when large parts of a concrete foundation or a boulder are picked up, especially in a backhoe, the materials are supported on catch hooks or other protruding parts of the quick coupler, which can lead to safety-related damage.

The object of the invention is to create an adapter and a quick-change system with an adapter of this type, which offer improved protection against damage.

This object is achieved by an adapter with the features of claim 1 and by a quick-change system with the features of claim 11. Appropriate configurations and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

In the case of the adapter according to the invention, the rear ends of the two side cheeks protrude to the rear with respect to a back cover arranged between the side cheeks. Even if the attachment tools provided with such an adapter are put down in such a way that the rear ends of the side parts of the adapter come to rest on the ground, the back cover is protected by the protruding ends of the side cheeks. This can prevent damage to the back cover. The rear ends of the side cheeks also protrude from fastening elements with which the back cover is fastened to a cross piece arranged between the side cheeks. This also protects the fastening elements from damage.

The crosspiece arranged between the side cheeks not only serves to fasten the back cover, but also ensures improved stability of the adapter. The crosspiece is expediently arranged in a form-fitting manner in corresponding recesses in the area of the rear ends of the side cheeks via end-side projections. This enables a stable connection between the side walls and the crosspiece.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the rear ends of the side cheeks have a recessed step on their underside. This avoids cracking during welding and corrosion problems.

One or more depressions or recesses can expediently be provided on the outside and / or inside of the side walls. In these depressions or recesses, nameplates, safety warning signs or electronic components, such as RFID charging systems, tool trackers, NFC chips, electronic transmitters and receivers, data carriers and the like, can be accommodated so that they are protected from damage. In the bolt-shaped coupling elements, for example, corresponding Depressions for receiving electronic components can be provided. In the two side cheeks, aligned openings for the implementation of securing straps, securing chains or other securing means can also be arranged.

The back cover arranged between the two side cheeks can have at least one recess in a further advantageous manner. Access to the locking mechanism and a hydraulic unit of the adapter can be made possible via this recess. The recess is expediently arranged in such a way that the operator can see the locking mechanism and can thus visually check the correct locking even in the attached state. The back cover can be designed in such a way that its upper end is supported on the bolt-shaped rear coupling element. The back cover can have recesses or a gap on the underside so that water or dirt can run off to the outside.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the front ends of the two side cheeks protrude far enough from the front coupling element that the ratio between the distance A of the front ends to the center point of the front coupling element and the diameter D of the front coupling element is at least 1.25. As a result, the front ends of the side parts protrude from the catch hooks in the folded-in position and the catch hooks are thus protected from damage by concrete slabs, rubble, boulders or other cargo.

The invention also relates to a quick-change device which comprises an adapter described above and a quick-changer that can be coupled to it.

Figur 1

ein Schnellwechselsystem mit einem Schnellwechsler und einem Adapter in einer zum Teil geschnittenen Seitenansicht;

Figur 2

einen Adapter des in Figur 1 gezeigten Schnellwechselsystem in einer Seitenansicht;

Figur 3

einen Adapter des in Figur 1 gezeigten Schnellwechselsystem in eine Perspektivansicht und

Figur 4

eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A von Figur 1.

Further special features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1

a quick-change system with a quick-change system and an adapter in a partially sectioned side view;

Figure 2

an adapter of the in Figure 1 shown quick change system in a side view;

Figure 3

an adapter of the in Figure 1 quick change system shown in a perspective view and

Figure 4

a sectional view along the line AA of Figure 1 .

In Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of a quick change system with a quick changer 1 that can be mounted on an excavator, for example, and an adapter 2 that can be attached to an attachment for easy and convenient changing of different attachments on construction machines, in particular excavators, is shown in a partially sectioned side view. With such a quick-change system, swivel spoons, grippers, scissors, magnets, compressors, hydraulic hammers or other mechanical or hydraulic attachments can be easily and conveniently coupled or uncoupled from a driver's cab to an excavator stick or another attachment of an excavator or other construction vehicle.

The attachable to an attachment and in the Figures 2 and 3 The adapter 2 shown separately contains two mutually parallel side walls 3, between which a front bolt-shaped coupling element 4 and a rear bolt-shaped coupling element 5 spaced a predetermined distance apart for releasable connection to the quick changer 1 are arranged. The two bolt-shaped coupling elements 4 and 5 can be inserted into corresponding passages 6 in the side cheeks 4 and fixed there.

The also in Figure 3 The quick coupler 1 shown in a partial section contains a carrier 7 designed as a welded construction or cast part, the first receptacles 8 open on one side for receiving and holding the front bolt-shaped coupling element 4 on one side and on the other side as well as downwardly open second receptacles 9 for receiving and holding the rear bolt-shaped coupling element 5 on the other side.

In the embodiment shown, the quick changer 1 contains two spaced apart receptacles 8 for the front coupling element 4 on one side of the carrier 7 and two receptacles 9 for the rear coupling element 5 on the other side. The first receptacles 8, which are open on one side, are claws - or fork-shaped. The second receptacles 9, which are open to the other side and downward, have a curved lower one Contact surface 10 for the contact of the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6. A locking device with two bolt-shaped locking elements 11 which can be moved between an extended locking position and a retracted unlocking position is provided on the second receptacles 9. The two bolt-shaped locking elements 11 are displaceably guided within the carrier 7 and are moved by a cylinder between a retracted unlocking position for releasing or coupling the adapter 2 or an attachment and an in Figure 1 shown extended locking position movable. In the extended locking position, the downwardly open second receptacles 9 are closed on the underside by the locking elements 11, which are arranged displaceably in guide bores in the carrier 7, so that the bolt-shaped locking elements 11 engage under the second bolt-shaped coupling element 5.

The carrier 7 contains on its upper side two parallel side parts 12, in which continuous openings 13 are provided for fastening bolts (not shown) for fastening the quick coupler 1 to an excavator stick or a coupling of an excavator or a connector of another construction vehicle.

In order to couple an attachment with the aid of the quick coupler 1, the quick coupler 1, which is usually arranged on an excavator stick and a coupling of an excavator, is first moved in such a way that the front coupling element 4 arranged on the adapter 2 or directly on the attachment is in the claw or fork-shaped receptacles 8 on one side of the quick changer 1 is retracted. Then the quick changer 1 with the locking elements 11 still retracted is pivoted around the front bolt-shaped coupling element 4 in such a way that the rear coupling element 5 on the adapter or attachment comes to rest on the contact surfaces 10 of the downwardly open receptacles 9 on the other side of the quick changer 1. The locking elements 11, which are slidably arranged in guide bores in the carrier 7 of the quick changer 1, can then be extended hydraulically, for example, so that the two locking elements 11 on the quick changer 1 engage under the rear bolt-shaped coupling element 5 and the attachment is thus held on the quick changer 1.

In order to prevent an attachment coupled to the quick coupler 1 from moving inadvertently when the If the locking element 11 detaches from the quick changer 1 and then possibly falls down in a raised position of the quick changer, an additional catching device 14 is provided on the carrier 2. The catching device 14 is designed to encompass the coupling element 4 which is arranged on the adapter 2 or the attachment and which engages with the first receptacles 8. The catching device 14 is designed in such a way that an attachment is caught in a catching position in the event of an unintentional release from the coupling position through engagement of the coupling element 4 and is thereby held on the quick coupler.

In the embodiment shown, the catch device 14 comprises two separate catch hooks 15, which are not rigidly arranged on the carrier 2 of the quick changer 1, but are articulated on the carrier 1 via a type of hinge so that they can pivot about a transverse axis 16. The two catch hooks 15 are arranged on the two rear receptacles 8 and designed in such a way that they grip around the front coupling element 4 on the adapter 2 or an attachment and the attachment in an unintentional release of the quick coupler 1 by engagement of the coupling element 4 on the catch hook 15 Catch position can catch. Due to the pivotable arrangement, the catch hook 15 can move between a folded-down receiving position and an in Figure 1 move the folding position shown.

Out Figure 1 it can also be seen that a control element 17 designed for actuation by the first coupling element 4 is also provided on the catch hook 15. Via the control element 17, the catch hook 15 can be moved by the coupling element 4 when engaging in the receptacle 8 from a folded-down receiving position into the position shown in FIG Figure 1 Folded position shown can be moved. The control element 17 also ensures that the catch hook 15 can only be moved into the folded-down position that enables a change process if the coupling element 4 is correctly positioned in the catch hook 15. In the embodiment shown, the control element 17 is a projection protruding in the direction of the first receptacle 8 with an upper control surface which, in the folded-in position of the catch hook 15, is flush with the inner contour of the receptacle 8 and in the folded-down position of the catch hook 15 in relation to the inner contour of the receptacle 8 protrudes inside.

The catch hook 15 is designed in such a way that it encloses the coupling element 4 in a semicircle at approximately 180 °. In this way, a particularly secure mounting can be achieved in every position of the quick changer 1. In the folded-in position of the catch hook 15, the receptacle 8 is completely enclosed at the rear by the catch hook 15.

The above-described catching device 14 represents an additional safety device by means of which an attachment can be safely caught and held even if the lock is inadvertently released. The catching device 14 is independent of the locking device 11 and not coupled to it.

How out Figure 1 As can be seen, the two side cheeks 3 of the adapter 2 are designed in such a way that the front end 18 of the side cheeks 3 facing the excavator protrudes in the area of the front coupling element 4 over the catch hook 15 in the folded position and the rear end 19 of the side cheeks 3 facing away from the excavator in the area of the rear coupling element 5 via a also in Figure 3 Protective cover 20 shown protrudes. The protective cover 20, which consists of a bent sheet metal, is fastened by means of screws or other fastening elements 21 to a transverse piece 22 arranged between the two side walls 3. The side cheeks 3 have a recessed step 23 on the underside of their rear ends 19. As a result, an improved weld can be achieved.

Out Figure 2 it can be seen that the front ends 18 of the side parts 3 protrude so far with respect to the front coupling element 4 that the ratio A / D between the distance A of the front ends 18 to the center point of the front coupling element 4 and the diameter D of the front coupling element 4 is at least 1, 25 is. As a result, the front ends 18 of the side parts 3 protrude from the catch hooks 15 in the folded position and the catch hooks 15 are thus protected from damage by concrete slabs, boulders, boulders or other cargo.

This in Figure 4 The cross-piece 22 shown in section is arranged in a form-fitting manner via end-side projections 24 in corresponding recesses 25 of the side cheeks 3. As a result, stresses on the weld seams of the bolt-shaped coupling element 5 can be avoided and the parallelism of the side parts 3 can be ensured. How out Figure 3 As can be seen, two recesses 26 arranged next to one another are present in the protective cover 20. A visual check of the two locking elements 11 is made possible via the two recesses 26 even when the adapter 2 is coupled, so that the correct locking can also be checked visually from the driver's cab of an excavator. Also in the area of the front ends 18 there is one between the two side walls 3 Cover 27 is provided. This is screwed to two retaining webs 28 on the inside of the two side walls 3.

On the outside of the side cheek 3 of the adapter 2 there is a recess 29 for receiving an identification in the form of a nameplate, a brand emblem, a safety identification or the like. In this recess 29, the marking is protected from damage. A recess 30 is also provided on the inside of the side wall 3. Electronic components such as RFID charging systems, tool trackers, NFC chips, electronic transmitters and receivers, data carriers and the like can also be installed in this recess 30 or similar recesses. Even if the adapter 2 slides with its side cheek 3 over the floor during transport, the markings necessary for any safety instructions in the recesses 29 or recesses 30 remain protected. In the upper region of the side cheeks 3, passages 31 which are aligned with one another are also arranged. Securing belts, securing chains or other securing elements for transport or for transport securing can be guided through these passages 31. A further opening 32 is provided in the side parts 3 between the passage 6 for the coupling element 4 and the front end 18. Through the openings 32, impacts acting on the front ends 18 of the side cheeks 3 can be cushioned and the formation of burrs and sharp edges can be avoided. This can minimize the risk of cuts. A recess 32 is arranged on the end face of the bolt-shaped coupling element.

How out Figure 3 As can be seen, a holder 33, which is provided with through openings, for plug-type or socket-type coupling elements 35 is attached to the bolt-shaped coupling element of the adapter 2. When coupling the quick changer 1, a connection with corresponding counter elements on the quick changer 1 can take place via these coupling elements 34.

List of reference symbols

1. 1 quick coupler
2. 2 adapters
3. 3 side bolsters
4. 4 First coupling element
5. 5 Second coupling element
6. 6 pass
7. 7 carriers
8. 8 First shot
9. 9 Second shot
10. 10 contact surface
11. 11 locking element
12. 12 side panel
13. 13 opening
14. 14 Interception device
15. 15 catch hooks
16. 16 transverse axis
17. 17 control
18. 18 Front end
19. 19 Back end
20. 20 protective cover
21. 21 fastener
22. 22 cross piece
23. 23 gradation
24. 24 approach
25. 25 recess
26. 26 recess
27. 27 cover
28. 28 retaining bar
29. 29 deepening
30. 30 recess
31. 31 passage
32. 32 breakthrough
33. 33 deepening
34. 34 Bracket
35. 35 coupling element

Claims (11)

Adapter (2) for a quick change system for changing attachments on a construction machine, which contains coupling elements (4, 5) arranged between two side walls (3) at a predetermined distance from one another for connecting the adapter (1) to a quick changer (2), thereby characterized in that the two side cheeks (3) with their rear ends (19) protrude to the rear opposite a back cover (20) arranged between the side cheeks (3) and that the rear ends (19) of the side cheeks (3) opposite fastening elements (21) protrude, with which the back cover (20) is attached to a cross piece (22) arranged between the side cheeks (3). Adapter (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the crosspiece (22) is arranged in a form-fitting manner in corresponding recesses (25) in the region of the rear ends (19) of the side cheeks (3) via end extensions (24). Adapter (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rear ends (19) of the side cheeks (3) have a recessed step (23) on their underside. Adapter (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one or more depressions (29) and / or recesses (30) for receiving labels or electronic components are provided on the outside and / or inside of the side walls (3) are. Adapter (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a recess (33) for receiving labels or electronic components is provided in at least one coupling element (4, 5). Adapter (2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that aligned openings (31) for the passage of securing means are arranged in the two side walls (3). Adapter (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one recess (26) is provided in the back cover (20). Adapter (2) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two side cheeks (3) with their front ends (18) protrude far enough from the front coupling element (4) that the ratio A / D between the distance A of front ends (18) to the center point of the front coupling element (4) and the diameter D of the front coupling element (4) is at least 1.25. Adapter (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the side cheeks (3) have at least one opening (32) between their front ends (18) and the front coupling element (4). Quick change system with a quick changer (1) and an adapter (2) which can be coupled to the quick changer (1), characterized in that the adapter (2) is designed according to one of Claims 1 to 9. Quick change system according to claim 10, characterized in that the two side cheeks (3) of the adapter (2) with their front ends (18) protrude far enough from the front coupling element (4) that they opposite the catch hooks (15) arranged on the quick changer (1) protrude in their folded position.

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