Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
  • C09D11/033—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the solvent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
  • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
  • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
  • C09D11/36—Inkjet printing inks based on non-aqueous solvents
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
  • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
  • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the related-art electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, and redox capacitors, typically employ paper, non-woven fabric, and porous films as separators to prevent short circuits between positive and negative electrodes.
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-277386 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-173001 (Patent Document 2), for example, lately disclose electrochemical devices that include an integrated separator electrode.
• Such an integrated separator electrode is obtained by forming an electrode mixture layer and a particle layer sequentially on an electrode substrate.
• the integrated separator electrode is typically produced by applying a particle-containing liquid composition onto the electrode mixture layer.
• the electrode mixture layer used in the integrated separator electrode is an absorbing medium having a porous structure.
• the particle-containing liquid composition is applied onto the electrode mixture layer, particles contained in the liquid composition are inserted into the electrode mixture layer while the liquid composition is absorbed by the electrode mixture layer.
• Insertion of particles into the electrode mixture layer is inhibited by increasing a contact angle of the liquid composition with respect to the electrode mixture layer, which increases the resistance of the integrated separator electrode. In this case; however, the coffee ring effect occurs, which increases instability of the resistance of the integrated separator electrode.
• an aspect of the invention is to provide a liquid composition capable of improving electrically insulating resistance of the integrated separator electrode while preventing the occurrence of the coffee ring effect.
• An aspect of this disclosure provides a liquid composition that includes
• a surface tension with respect to air at 25oC is 25 mN/m or more and less than 50 mN/m, a 90% diameter is 2.5 ⁇ m or less, and a median diameter is 1 ⁇ m or less.
• Another aspect of this disclosure provides a liquid composition that includes
• D 50A+B ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of the liquid composition
• D 90A+B ( ⁇ m) represents a 90% diameter of the liquid composition
• D 50A ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of a first dispersion liquid obtained by removing the solvent B from the liquid composition
• D 50B ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of a second dispersion liquid obtained by removing the solvent A from the liquid composition
• the liquid composition satisfies the following formulas: 1 ⁇ D 50B /D 50A , 1 ⁇ D 50A+B /D 50A ⁇ 1.1, and D 90A+B ⁇ 5 ( ⁇ m).
• Still another aspect of this disclosure provides a liquid composition that includes
• the liquid composition being produced by adding the solvent B to the dispersion liquid,
• liquid composition has a surface tension with respect to air at 25oC of 25 mN/m or more and less than 50 mN/m, and a 90% diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m or less, and
• the dispersion liquid has a median diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an example of a liquid ejecting device
• FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an integrated separator electrode
• FIG. 2B is a schematic top view illustrating an example of an integrated separator electrode.
• a liquid composition according to the present embodiment contains particles, resin, a solvent A, and a solvent B differing from the solvent A.
• the solvent A is a solvent having a function of dispersing particles in a liquid composition.
• the solvent B is a solvent configured to compensate for an insufficient function of the solvent A.
• Examples of the solvent B other than those having the function of dispersing particles may include solvents having a high boiling point configured to prevent nozzles of a liquid ejecting head from drying, solvents configured to adjust the viscosity and surface tension suitable for discharging from the liquid discharge head, and solvents configured to prevent the absorption of particles into the electrode mixture layer.
• a surface tension of the liquid composition according to the present embodiment with respect to air at 25oC is 25 mN/m or more and less than 50 mN/m.
• the surface tension of the liquid composition with respect to air at 25oC is less than 25 mN/m, the resistance of the integrated separator electrode is reduced, whereas when the surface tension of the liquid composition with respect to air at 25oC is 50 mN/m or more, the coffee ring effect occurs.
• a 90% diameter of the liquid composition according to the present embodiment is 2.5 ⁇ m or less and preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
• the 90% diameter of the liquid composition exceeding 2.5 ⁇ m reduces the dispersibility of the liquid composition.
• a median diameter of the liquid composition according to the present embodiment is 1 ⁇ m or less and preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less.
• the median diameter of the liquid composition exceeding 1 ⁇ m reduces the Brownian motion of the particles, which reduces dispersion stability of the liquid composition.
• the 90% diameter represents a minimum value of a particle size at the 90% point (minimum 90% diameter) of the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution
• the median diameter represents a minimum value of a particle size at the 50% point (minimum median diameter) of the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution, respectively, as measured by laser diffraction.
• the 90% diameter is used as an indicator of the presence or absence of coarse particles due to poor dispersion or an indicator of re-aggregation due to excessive dispersion; that is, the 90% diameter is used as an indicator of dispersibility.
• the median diameter is used as an indicator of dispersion stability because the median diameter is sensitive to a microscopic dispersion environment. In other words, when the median diameter is large, particles tend to settle, making it difficult to maintain dispersion.
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment may be produced by adding a solvent B to a dispersion liquid containing particles, resin, and a solvent A.
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment may further contain a surfactant, pH regulator, anticorrosive agent, antiseptic agent, antifungal agent, antioxidant, anti-reductive agent, vaporization promoter, chelating agent, or the like.
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment may be prepared by using known dispersion devices.
• dispersion devices include agitators, ball mills, bead mills, ring-type mills, high-pressure dispersers, rotary high-speed shearing devices, ultrasonic dispersion devices, and the like.
• the particles may be organic or inorganic particles; however, it is preferable that the particles be inorganic in consideration of heat resistance.
• the particles be electrically insulating particles in consideration of electrical insulation.
• Examples of materials forming inorganic particles include, for example, aluminum oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, and the like.
• inorganic oxides such as aluminum oxide and silica, are preferable for producing the integrated separator electrode because inorganic oxides exhibit high electrical insulation and high heat resistance.
• aluminum oxide is further preferable because aluminum oxide functions as a scavenger for "junk" chemical species, which causes capacity fading within lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
• aluminum oxide has excellent wettability for electrolyte, thus increasing the absorption rate of electrolyte and improving the cycle performance of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
• Examples of materials forming the organic particles include, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polystyrene, melamine resin, and the like.
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• polyester polypropylene
• polyethylene polyethylene
• chitin chitosan
• cellulose carboxymethylcellulose
• CMC carboxymethylcellulose
• polystyrene melamine resin
• the number average molecular weight of resin is normally 1000 to 100000, and is preferably 1000 to 10000, and further preferably 1000 to 5000, in order to prevent the increase in viscosity of the liquid composition.
• the resin is a polymeric dispersant having dispersible groups and adsorptive groups.
• the resin is preferably a polymeric dispersant that has ionic groups with polarity opposite to the polarity of the charged particles as adsorptive groups.
• ionic groups include, for example, sulfonic acid groups and their salts (e.g., potassium salts, sodium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts), carboxyl groups and their salts (e.g., potassium salts, sodium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts), primary, secondary, tertiary amino groups and their salts.
• sulfonic acid groups and their salts e.g., potassium salts, sodium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts
• carboxyl groups and their salts e.g., potassium salts, sodium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts
• primary, secondary, tertiary amino groups and their salts e.g., sodium salts, lithium salts, ammonium salts
• the ionic groups may be either anionic groups or cationic groups, but may be preferably anionic groups in consideration of dispersibility of the inorganic particles.
• anionic groups may include salts of carboxyl groups, salts of sulfonic acid groups, salts of phosphate groups, and the like.
• the ionic groups are usually present on the side chains or both ends of the polymeric dispersant; however, ionic groups may preferably be present on the side chains of the polymeric dispersant in order to inhibit the increase in viscosity of the liquid composition.
• the dispersible groups to be used may be any dispersible groups having a structure to be soluble in a solvent A and a solvent B.
• oligoether groups may be preferable from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity.
• the oligoether group is a group obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from an end of a polymer of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
• the molecular weight of the polymer of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol is preferably 100 to 10,000, and further preferably 100 to 5,000.
• the molecular weight of the polymer of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol is 100 or more, the particle dispersibility is improved, and when the molecular weight is 10,000 or less, the increase in the viscosity of the liquid composition can be inhibited.
• the unbonded end of the oligoether group may include a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or the like.
• the particle dispersibility may be improved even when solvents with high polarity are used as the solvent A and the solvent B.
• Examples of commercially available polymeric dispersants include DISPERBYK-103, DISPERBYK-118, DISPERBYK-2155 (produced by BYK-Chemie), NOPCOSPERSE-092, SN-SPERSE-2190, SN-DISPERSANT-9228 (produced by SAN NOPCO LIMITED), ESLEAM AD-3172M, ESLEAM 2093, MALIALIM AKM-0513, MALIALIM HKM-50A, MALIALIM HKM-150A, MALIALIM SC-0505K, MALIALIM SC-1015F, and MALIALIM SC-0708A (produced by NOF CORPORATION).
• the mass ratio of the polymeric dispersant to the particles is normally 0.01% to 10%, and is preferably 0.1% to 10%, in view of the particle dispersibility.
• a resin a polymeric dispersant and a binder may be combined.
• binders examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic resin, and the like.
• the binder may be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid composition.
• a precursor of the binder may be used instead of the binder.
• Examples of a precursor of the binder include monomers and the like.
• a liquid composition containing monomers and optionally further containing a polymerization initiator is applied onto the absorbing medium, which is then heated or illuminated to cause monomer polymerization to form a binder.
• a solvent A is preferably a lactam, alcohol, sulfoxide, ester, or ketone.
• lactams include, for example, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, and the like.
• alcohols include an isopropyl alcohol, butanol, diacetone alcohol, and the like.
• sulfoxides include dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like.
• esters include, for example, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and the like.
• ketones include diisobutyl ketone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, diacetone alcohol, and the like.
• a solvent B is preferably an ether, glycol, ester, alcohol, or lactam.
• ethers include propylene glycol monopropyl ether, and the like.
• glycols include propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like.
• esters include ethyl lactate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and the like.
• alcohols include cyclohexanol, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, and the like.
• lactams include, for example, 2-pyrrolidone, and the like.
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment contains particles, resin, a solvent A, and a solvent B differing from the solvent A.
• D 50A+B ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of the liquid composition according to the present embodiment
• D 90A+B ( ⁇ m) represents a 90% diameter of the liquid composition according to the present embodiment
• D 50A ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of a first dispersion liquid obtained by removing the solvent B from the liquid composition according to the present embodiment
• D 50B ( ⁇ m) represents a median diameter of a second dispersion liquid obtained by removing the solvent A from the liquid composition according to the present embodiment
• the liquid composition satisfies the following formulas: 1 ⁇ D 50B /D 50A ; 1 ⁇ D 50A+B /D 50A ⁇ 1.1; and D 90A+B ⁇ 5.
• D 50B /D 50A is equal to or less than 1, the difference in the particle dispersibility between the solvent A and the solvent B is reduced, such that the particles are readily inserted into the electrode mixture layer.
• D 50A+B /D 50A When D 50A+B /D 50A is equal to or less than 1, the difference in particle dispersibility between the solvent A and the solvent B is reduced, such that the particles are readily inserted into the electrode mixture layer.
• D 50A+B /D 50A is equal to or greater than 1.1, the dispersibility of the liquid composition is poor, the particles tend to aggregate, and the difference between the nozzle size of the liquid ejecting head and the particle size is reduced, allowing the nozzles to easily become clogged.
• the D 90A+B is 5 or more ( ⁇ m)
• the difference between the nozzle size of the liquid ejecting head and the particle size is reduced, allowing the nozzles to easily become clogged.
• a dispersion liquid which is obtained by removing a solvent A (solvent B) from the liquid composition, indicates a dispersion liquid that includes (1) a solution having a solvent B (solvent A) and resin, and (2) particles dispersed by the resin present in the solution.
• particles, resin, solvent A, and solvent B are the same as those described in "PROPERTY 1 OF LIQUID COMPOSITION".
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment may further contain a surfactant, pH regulator, anticorrosive agent, antiseptic agent, antifungal agent, antioxidant, reducing agent, vaporization promoter, chelating agent, or the like.
• the liquid composition according to the present embodiment may be prepared by using known dispersion devices.
• dispersion devices include agitators, ball mills, bead mills, ring-type mills, high-pressure dispersers, rotary high-speed shearing devices, ultrasonic dispersion devices, and the like.
• Examples of application methods of a liquid composition include, for example, dip coating, spray coating, spin coating, bar coating, slot die coating, doctor blade coating, offset printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, liquid ejecting, and electrophotographic printing by a liquid development system.
• the liquid ejecting method is preferable in consideration of controllability of ejecting positions.
• Examples of an ejecting system of the liquid composition used in the liquid ejecting method include a system of applying mechanical energy to a liquid composition, a system of applying thermal energy to a liquid composition, and the like. Among these, a system of applying mechanical energy to a liquid composition is preferable.
• liquid ejecting method when used, a technique utilizing a known liquid ejecting principle of a liquid ejecting device may be applied.
• solvents A and B contained in the liquid composition it is preferable to use a solvent having resistance to a flow passage installed in the liquid ejecting device, and a solvent having resistance to nozzles of the liquid ejecting head.
• FIG. 1 An example of a liquid ejecting device is illustrated in FIG. 1.
• a cartridge 20 containing the liquid composition is housed in a carriage 18 within a main body housing 12. In this manner, the liquid composition is supplied from the cartridge 20 to a recording head 18a mounted on the carriage 18. The recording head 18a is enabled to eject the liquid composition.
• the recording head 18a mounted on the carriage 18 is guided and moved along guide shafts 21 and 22 by a timing belt 23, which is driven by a main scanning motor 24.
• the absorbing medium is disposed by a platen 19 at a position facing the recording head 18a.
• a reference numeral 16 represents a gear mechanism
• a reference numeral 17 represents a sub-scanning motor
• a reference numeral 26 represents a main scanning motor.
• a method of using a liquid composition includes applying the liquid composition onto an absorbing medium.
• absorbing medium means a medium capable of absorbing a liquid composition.
• absorbing media include, for example, porous films.
• Examples of a negative electrode active material include a carbon material capable of releasing or absorbing lithium ions, such as metallic lithium, lithium alloy, carbon, graphite, and the like, a conductive polymer doped with lithium ions, and the like.
• Examples of a positive electrode active material include graphite fluoride represented by the general formula (CF x ) n , metal oxides such as CoLiO 2 , MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 , CuO, Ag 2 CrO 4 , and TiO 2 , and metal sulfides such as CuS.
• Examples of the electrode substrate include copper foil, aluminum foil, and the like.
• absorbing medium include, for example, a substrate used in a reflective display device, and an electrode layer used in a printed electronics.
• An integrated separator electrode means an electrode having an electrode mixture layer and a particle layer sequentially formed on an electrode substrate.
• FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate examples of an integrated separator electrode. Note that FIGS. 2A and 2B are a cross-sectional view and a top view, respectively.
• An integrated separator electrode 30 includes an electrode mixture layer 32 and a particle layer 33.
• the electrode mixture layer 32 and the particle layer 33 are sequentially formed on an electrode substrate 31, and the liquid composition according to the present embodiment is used for forming the particle layer 33.
• the use of the integrated separator electrode 30 eliminates a process of winding or laminating the electrode and separator separately in producing an electrochemical device, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency of the electrochemical device.
• electrochemical devices examples include lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, magnesium ion secondary batteries, magnesium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, and sodium secondary batteries.
• the electrochemical device may be applied to a battery installed in a vehicle, a smartphone, or the like.
• a laser diffraction particle size analysis instrument Mastersizer 3000 (made of Malvern Panalytical) was used to measure the particle size distribution of the liquid composition or dispersion liquid.
• D 50A and D 90A respectively represent a median diameter and a 90% diameter of a dispersion liquid, which is obtained by removing a solvent B from the liquid composition
• D 50B and D 90B respectively represent a median diameter and a 90% diameter of a dispersion liquid, which is obtained by removing a solvent A from the liquid composition
• D 50A+B and D 90A+B respectively represent a median diameter and a 90% diameter of the liquid composition.
• a liquid composition having a solid content of 30% was obtained by mixing 60% of the dispersion liquid, 30% of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (solvent A), and 10% of propylene glycol (solvent B).
• the liquid composition had a D 50A+B of 1 ⁇ m or less and a D 90A+B of 2 ⁇ m or less.
• Example 1-1 a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Example 1-1 (see Table 1), except that the amounts of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and propylene glycol added were changed to 20% and 20%, respectively.
• EXAMPLE 1-3 EXAMPLE 1-3
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 1-1 to 1-4 except that diisobutyl ketone was used as solvent A, 2-pyrrolidone was used as solvent B, and a multifunctional comb-shaped polymer SC-0708A (produced by NOF CORPORATION) having ionic groups on a main chain and polyoxyalkylene chains on graft chains was used as resin (see Table 1).
• a multifunctional comb-shaped polymer SC-0708A produced by NOF CORPORATION
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 4-1 to 4-4 except that propylene glycol was used as solvent B (see Table 2).
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 10-1 to 10-4 except that propylene glycol was used as solvent B (see Table 2).
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 6-1 to 1-4 except that water was used as solvent A, and a multifunctional comb-shaped polymer HKM-50A (produced by NOF CORPORATION) having ionic groups on a main chain and polyoxyalkylene chains on graft chains was used as resin (see Table 3).
• a multifunctional comb-shaped polymer HKM-50A produced by NOF CORPORATION
• ionic groups on a main chain and polyoxyalkylene chains on graft chains was used as resin (see Table 3).
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 4-1 to 4-4 except that ethylene glycol diacetate was used as solvent A, and hexylene glycol was used as solvent B (see Table 6).
• a liquid composition was obtained in the same manner as Examples 39-1 to 39-4 except that diisobutyl ketone was used as solvent A (see Table 7).
• a slurry for a negative electrode material layer was obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material SCMG-XR s (produced by SHOWA DENKO K.K.), water, and resin. The obtained slurry was applied on a copper foil acting as a negative electrode substrate, which was then dried to form the negative electrode material layer. The obtained negative electrode material layer was used as an absorbing medium. PREPARATION OF INTEGRATED SEPARATOR CATHODE
• a liquid ejecting device EV2500 and a liquid ejecting head MH5421F (produced by Ricoh) were used to discharge a liquid composition (ink) onto an absorbing medium, and then the liquid composition was dried to form a particle layer, thereby obtaining an integrated separator cathode.
• an appropriate discharge condition was set so that a mass per unit area of the particle layer was 1 mg/cm 2 .
• the mass per unit area in this case indicates a mass per unit area of the particle layer formed on the absorbing medium.
• a microdepth gauge was used to compare the thickness before and after formation of the particle layer to calculate the thickness of the particle layer. Note that wherever necessary, the particle layer was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ELECTRICALLY INSULATING RESISTANCE OF INTEGRATED SEPARATOR CATHODE
• the particle layer was visually observed to check the presence/absence of the coffee ring effect.
• Tables 1 to 7 indicate the thickness of the particle layer, the measurement results of the electrically insulating resistance of the integrated separator cathode, and the evaluation results of the coffee ring effect.
• Tables 1 to 7 indicate that the use of the liquid compositions of Examples increased the electrically insulating resistance of the integrated separator electrode, and did not cause the coffee ring effect.
• a liquid composition capable of improving electrically insulating resistance of an integrated separator electrode and capable of preventing the occurrence of the coffee ring effect is provided.

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