EP3862633B1 - Support de combustion pour bois de feu pour cheminées ouvertes et fermées, méthode de fabrication et utilisation - Google Patents

Support de combustion pour bois de feu pour cheminées ouvertes et fermées, méthode de fabrication et utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3862633B1
EP3862633B1 EP20196578.7A EP20196578A EP3862633B1 EP 3862633 B1 EP3862633 B1 EP 3862633B1 EP 20196578 A EP20196578 A EP 20196578A EP 3862633 B1 EP3862633 B1 EP 3862633B1
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Prior art keywords
stand
firewood
section
wood
connecting piece
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EP20196578.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3862633A1 (fr
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Christian Peter Schmid
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/193—Grates; Irons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B20/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for portability or transportability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/06—Grates with solid bars having bars at different levels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a firewood stand for burning fireplaces for optimized burning of firewood, a method for producing the stand and the use of the stand.
  • Fires are still used today for cooking, baking, roasting and grilling. However, fires are also important for generating warmth as well as creating a soothing, cozy atmosphere.
  • Firewood i.e. dried wood, is still often used for firing, which is prepared to a desired, maximum length. Thicker diameter firewood is usually split lengthwise, resulting in split wood.
  • fires are made both outside, for example in the garden, and inside buildings, typically in a stove or an open fireplace in a living room. To do this, firewood is simply stacked on top of each other and burned. Alternatively, grates for fireplaces are proposed, on which firewood can be arranged for firing.
  • the combustion of wood takes place in different steps. First, residual moisture evaporates at a temperature of up to approx. 100°C. Then, at 120°-150°C, the ingredients begin to convert into gases, causing the wood to decompose. This gas development accelerates between 150°-300°C, with pyrolysis starting at 225°C and the gas mixture igniting, which leads to strong heat development. Therefore it is for optimal combustion It is important that sufficient oxygen can be supplied during this phase. Combustion peaks at around 300°C, with the greatest amount of heat being released. The flames can reach a temperature of up to 1200°C. In the last phase, the so-called burn-out phase, when the volatile components, ie wood gases, are burned, charcoal remains resp. embers back. This charcoal burns slowly, with almost no flame and no soot. During this process, the temperature of the charcoal is between 500°C and 800°C, and the color of the glowing charcoal indicates its temperature.
  • the US-A-2,98,165 discloses a grate for burning at least two cylindrical logs of synthetic wood.
  • the grate comprises a base having first and second inclined sections, each section being at a predetermined angle to the horizontal and joined together to form a V-shape; a support device designed to support the ground at a specified height; a vertical divider adapted to maintain a constant spacing between two logs supported by the first and second inclined sections; means for supporting a third log disposed above and equidistant from the two logs, the latter means being removably supported by the vertical spacer means; and means for adjusting the vertical spacer.
  • the upper inclined section can be separated from the lower one.
  • a collapsible grate set comprising a pair of opposed support frames.
  • a lower grate and an upper grate each contain a plurality of elongated log receiving members.
  • the elongate members of the lower and upper grids are detachably mounted on the first support frame and the second support frame.
  • Each elongate member of the lower and upper grates defines a pair of slots that receive the first support frame and the second support frame, respectively.
  • the slots open downward and extend along the longitudinal axis, with the first support frame and the second support frames extend through the slots across the axis so that the lower and upper grates support the first and second support frames in an upright position. Due to the construction of the grate set, it cannot be adjusted in length and the logs cannot extend beyond the side support frames.
  • the grate should preferably be able to be dismantled, stored, transported and reassembled in a simple and space-saving manner. It should also be possible to adjust the same grate for different lengths of firewood and different sized open and closed fireplaces, so that it can be used in a variety of ways.
  • the combustion stand (1) according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the invention according to the invention have surprising advantages. So the burn-off stand (1), also called burn-off stand, frame for fireplace wood or split wood, fireplace wood stand, split wood stand, stove stand, Size Adjustable Steel Fire Wood Log Rack, Steel fireplace Implement or Steel Fire Wood Stand , not only be produced in an extremely simple manner with few components, it can also - if the at least one connecting piece (3) is reversibly connected to the stand elements - simply be adjusted to the appropriate length of firewood.
  • the size of the burn-off stand (1) is thus adjustable, i.e. the size of the longitudinal, i.e. typically horizontal, extent of the burn-off stand (1) is adjustable.
  • the burn-off stand (1) allows optimal layering of the firewood, for example the split wood, on the wood support areas (2a, 2b), which, like horizontal arms or arms sloping towards the connection area (2c), extend from the connection areas (2c) - and thus from the at least one connecting piece (3) - point away.
  • This will turn the firewood up at least two spaced layers are arranged one on top of the other, resulting in a distance that is optimized in many respects between the pieces of wood.
  • this leads to a sufficient supply of ambient air at all times, and thus oxygen, which mixes well with the combustible gases originating from the firewood.
  • the air-gas mixture obtained in this way allows good circulation around the firewood, which not only results in an even, essentially complete burning of the firewood with minimal fine dust pollution, but also optimal utilization of the calorific value of the wood. In addition, this also allows the emergence of an often desired orange-yellow flame with optimal charm.
  • the foot areas (2d) of the stand element (2) i.e. the feet of the burning stand (1), also allow air to circulate from below around the firewood, which also contributes to optimal combustion.
  • the resulting embers and burned-off pieces of coal can fall under the lower wood support areas (2b), which means that the firewood arranged on the lower wood support areas (2b) is also heated from below, which - together with the improved air supply through the stand - optimizes combustion. If the wood support areas (2a, 2b), i.e.
  • the combustion stand (1) can also be dismantled into essentially flat parts, i.e. into the two stand elements (2) and the at least one connecting piece (3), which can be stored, transported and reassembled easily and in a space-saving manner.
  • the firewood stand (1) according to the invention for open, in particular outdoor, and closed, in particular indoor, fireplaces is particularly suitable for the optimized burning of firewood.
  • the firewood is burned optimally and the proportion of soot and fine dust particles is minimized, which means that the calorific value of the wood can be optimally exploited.
  • the parts (21, 22) are in one piece, i.e. formed from a bar by moulding, in particular by bending, they can be manufactured in a simple manner. As a result, different parts do not have to be connected to one another, for example by means of welding. Forming, e.g. bending straight bars, is also state of the art. The expert knows about it.
  • the at least one connecting piece (3) also known as the connecting rod, of the consumable stand (1) connects the two side stand elements (2) reversibly, and typically slidably, with one another, so that the distance between the two stand elements (2) can be varied, for example at each Use can be reset.
  • the at least one connecting piece (3) is not fixed, e.g. by welding - to the lateral parts (21, 22) and/or to at least one spacer (4), but the at least one connecting piece (3) is inserted between the two parts (21, 22) of the stand elements (2) without further fixing inserted and can also be removed again.
  • the desired positive fit is achieved by suitably dimensioning the distance.
  • the form-fitting, reversible connection enables the vertical frame elements to be shifted horizontally and smoothly, and thus allows the distance between the frame elements to be perfectly adjusted to the length of split wood used.
  • the at least one connecting piece (3) preferably connects the two stand elements (2) to one another.
  • the maximum width of the combustion stand (1) can thus also be set with the length of the connecting piece or pieces (3).
  • the two stand elements (2) of the consumable stand (1) - if it is standing on a horizontal surface - are preferably arranged vertically and the at least one connecting piece (3) is preferably arranged at right angles to the stand elements (2), and thus horizontally. If two or more connecting pieces (3) are used, the number of spacers (4) is also adjusted. If the spacer (4) is in the form of a tube into which the connecting piece (3) is inserted typically a tube, ie spacer (4), is used for each connecting piece (3) per part (21, 22).
  • n + 1 spacers (4) are advantageously used with n connecting pieces (3), so that the spacers between the bottom and top spacers (4) for both the connecting piece (3) above it as the lower and serves as an upper spacer (4) for the connecting piece (3) underneath.
  • the two or more connecting pieces (3) advantageously have the same length.
  • Two or more connecting pieces (3) increase the stability, in particular the lateral stability, of the combustion stand (1). This can be the case in particular with large combustion stands (1), ie with lengths of, for example, 80 cm and more, in particular 1 meter and more.
  • the upper (2a) and the lower (2b) wooden support area, the connecting area (2c) and the foot area (2d) of the stand elements (2) are arranged in one plane - and thus flat.
  • This arrangement is not only advantageous in carrying out the method according to the invention and in the use according to the invention, but also enables a particularly space-saving packaging of the burn-off stand (1) for sale, respectively. for temporary storage and transport of the combustion stand (1) after it has been dismantled.
  • the rod from which the parts (21, 22) of the stand elements (2) are formed preferably have a square, rectangular or round cross-section. If the bar is made of steel, square steel or round steel is preferably used.
  • the side length of the square or rectangular cross section can be 8 mm, for example, and the outer diameter of the round cross section can be 10 mm, for example.
  • the cross section of the rod used for the respective combustion stand (1) can also deviate from these dimensions.
  • the at least one spacer (4) and the at least one connecting piece (3) also have a square, rectangular or round cross section. If, for example, the connecting piece (3) consists of an 8 ⁇ 8 mm square bar, it is advantageous if the distance between the two connecting areas (2c) of the parts (21, 22) is 8.01 mm. If, in addition, two or more spacers (4) are arranged one above the other, they are also arranged, in particular welded, at a distance of 8.01 mm from one another between the two connecting areas (2c). This creates a square resp. rectangular opening of 8.01 ⁇ 8.01 mm, into which the connector 8 ⁇ 8 mm can be positively inserted. there is It is extremely advantageous if the opening obtained does not contain any welding residue.
  • the combustion stand (1) with the individual components is preferably made of heat-resistant, in particular fire-resistant, material.
  • the stand elements (2) and thus the parts (21, 22), the at least one connecting piece (3) and the at least one spacer (4) per stand element (2) are preferably made of steel, in particular stainless steel, very particularly preferably V2A or V4A stainless steel, manufactured.
  • V2A stainless steel is a very commonly used stainless steel alloy. It is also known under the designation V2A steel, chromium-nickel steel, stainless steel 1.4301 CrNi, chromium steel, RSH steel (rust, acid and heat-resistant steel) or 304, 309, 310, 316 or 321 steel famous. These materials are very easy to machine and polish. They are also particularly well suited for welding and have good corrosion resistance.
  • V4A steel is based on V2A steel and also contains molybdenum and is therefore also resistant to chlorides.
  • the kindling and/or the firelighter or firelighters are placed on the firewood and/or in the upper area—for example in the upper third—of the stacked firewood and ignited.
  • This procedure can be carried out with the combustion stand according to the invention and manufactured according to the invention (1) can be carried out particularly well and optimizes the burn-up in such a way that the emission of fine dust and the development of soot is optimized to a minimum.
  • the reduced development of soot is noticed immediately when the fireplace is separated from the living area by a pane of glass. This is because the soot settles much more slowly on the glass pane, which means that the view of the fire and the beautiful flame pattern is clouded by the soot much more slowly.
  • four identical rods with a cross section of 8 ⁇ 8 mm and a length of 360 mm are each formed into two parts (21, 22), the parts (21, 22) being identical, with one 90 mm long upper (2a) and a 130 mm long lower (2b) wood support area, the connecting area (2c) having a length of 95 mm and the foot area (2d) having a length of 45 mm.
  • the upper (2a) wood support area forms an angle of 100° with the connection area (2c)
  • the connection area (2c) with the lower (2b) wood support area forms an angle of 85°
  • Each two of these parts (21, 22) are symmetrically connected to each other at the connection areas (2c) of the parts (21, 22) with two spacers in the form of a cuboid with a cross section of 8 ⁇ 8 mm and a length of 16 mm. in particular welded together, whereby the stand elements (2) with the two parts (21, 22) are obtained.
  • the spacers (4) are arranged one above the other at a distance of 8 mm at the connection areas (2c) in such a way that a connection piece (3) with a cross section of 8 ⁇ 8 mm fits positively into the resulting square opening between the two lateral connection areas (2c). and the lower and upper spacers (4) can be inserted.
  • the opening obtained advantageously has the dimensions of approx.
  • the combustion stand (1) with an exemplary height of 14 cm, a depth of, for example, 20 cm or 28 cm and a variable, reversibly adjustable width of - depending on the length of the at least one connecting piece (3) - for example 20 cm for the smallest split wood dimension up to 120 cm for long wood, in particular 25 or 33 cm (commercially available split wood lengths).
  • the depth of the combustion stand (1) can be adjusted by the specific selection of the combustion stand (1) with a depth that is optimized for the respective furnace.
  • the burn-off stand (1) according to the invention is used according to the invention for burning firewood on open and closed hearths.
  • the firewood for burning with the burning stand (1) according to the invention, in the method according to the invention and in the use according to the invention is preferably hardwood, in particular beech wood, ash wood, oak wood and/or birch wood, and/or has a length of 15 to 105 cm and is preferred a preferred cross section of 5 cm to 25 cm, with split wood lengths of 20 cm, 25 cm, 33 cm or even 1 m outdoors being preferred in specialist shops.
  • the firewood preferably has a water content of less than 15-20% by weight, based on the wood including the residual water.
  • firewood also includes, among other things, firewood, fuel wood, split logs, ready-to-use logs, logs, split wood or logs. Suitable firewood is stored beforehand, dried, especially air-dried, and is available from specialist retailers, among other places.
  • Firewood is preferably placed parallel to the at least one connecting piece (3) on the burning stand (1), in particular on the lower level (2b) and as close as possible to the elements (2c).
  • kindling and/or kindling aids such as bio-kindling cubes and/or wood shavings soaked in wax, to kindle the firewood.
  • kindling is preferably placed crosswise in several layers, for example on the top layer of firewood.
  • suitable kindling aids whereby only kindling aids can also be used.
  • kindling is understood to mean finely cut or split firewood and/or branches and twigs with a small diameter, so-called firewood.
  • kindling advantageously has a length of 10 cm to 40 cm and a maximum cross-section of about 5 cm and less.
  • kindling in the form of a log preferably a maximum diameter of 2 cm.
  • kindling wood preferably has a water content of less than 15-20% by weight, based on the wood including the residual water.
  • Particularly suitable kindling wood is coniferous wood, in particular pine wood and spruce wood, although other types of wood such as beech wood can also be used.
  • Suitable kindling and suitable kindling aids are known to those skilled in the art and are available from specialist retailers, among other things.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Ensemble de chenets pour bois de chauffage (1), destiné à des foyers ouverts et fermés, pour optimiser la combustion de bois de chauffage, comprenant deux éléments de chenet (2) latéraux, qui sont assemblés l'un avec l'autre par au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3), caractérisé en ce que
    - les éléments de chenet (2) sont constitués chacun de deux parties (21, 22) placées en symétrie spéculaire et écartées par au moins un espaceur (4), les deux parties (21, 22) étant assemblées l'une avec l'autre par au moins un espaceur (4), l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3) étant placée par complémentarité de forme entre les deux parties (21, 22) de l'élément de chenet (2) et au moins un espaceur (4) faisant office de délimitation inférieure de l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3), et
    - chaque partie (21, 22) de l'élément de chenet (2) étant façonnée en monobloc à partir d'une barre et comprenant
    o une zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) et une zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b),
    o une zone d'assemblage (2c), laquelle assemble la zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) avec la zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b), ainsi
    o qu'une zone basse (2d), laquelle est placée sur la zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b), au vis-à-vis de la zone d'assemblage (2c) et qui s'éloigne de la zone d'appui du bois (2a) supérieure,
    les deux parties (21, 22) étant assemblées l'une avec l'autre sur les zones d'assemblage (2c) par l'intermédiaire de l'au moins un espaceur (4) et l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3) assemblant l'un avec l'autre de manière réversible les deux éléments de chenet (2) latéraux, de sorte que la distance entre les deux éléments de chenet (2) puisse être réglée.
  2. Ensemble de chenets (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    - l'au moins un espaceur (4) est un tube, dans lequel l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3), est insérée de préférence de manière réversible, ou
    - pour au moins deux espaceurs (4), les espaceurs (4) présentent la forme d'une barre ronde ou d'un parallélépipède, lesquels font office de délimitation inférieure et supérieure de l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3), les espaceurs (4) étant placés en superposition avec un écart mutuel, de telle sorte que l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3) soit insérée par complémentarité de forme entre les espaceurs (4) et les deux parties (21, 22).
  3. Ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) et la zone d'appui inférieure (2b), la zone d'assemblage (2c), ainsi que la zone basse (2d) des éléments de chenet (2) sont placées dans un plan et donc à plat.
  4. Ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'assemblage (2c) est placée à la verticale et
    - la zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) et/ou la zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b) est placée
    o à l'horizontale, ou
    o en décroissant vers la zone d'assemblage (2c), suite à quoi, la zone d'appui du bois (2a, 2b) forme de préférence un angle d'inclinaison par rapport à l'horizontale de jusqu'à 15°, notamment de jusqu'à 10°,
    et
    - la zone basse (2d)
    o est placée à la verticale ou
    o présente un angle d'inclinaison par rapport à la verticale de jusqu'à 30°, notamment de jusqu'à 20°, la zone basse (2d) étant de préférence recourbée vers l'intérieur et ainsi dans le prolongement de la zone d'assemblage (2c).
  5. Ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la barre, dans laquelle sont façonnées les parties (21, 22) des éléments de chenet (2) présente une section transversale carrée, rectangulaire ou ronde.
  6. Ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de chenet (2), l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3) et l'au moins un espaceur (4) par élément de chenet (2) sont fabriqués en acier, de préférence en acier inoxydable, notamment en acier inoxydable V2A ou V4A.
  7. Procédé de fabrication de l'ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que
    - pour chaque élément de chenet (2), l'on façonne les parties (21, 22) à partir d'une barre en une zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) et une zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b), en une zone d'assemblage (2c), laquelle assemble la zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) avec la zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b), ainsi qu'en une zone basse (2d),
    - l'on assemble l'une avec l'autre les parties (21, 22) avec chaque fois au moins un espaceur (4) et l'on obtient ainsi les deux éléments de chenet (2),
    - l'on insère l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage (3) par complémentarité de forme entre les deux parties (21, 22) des deux éléments de chenet, au moins un espaceur (4) faisant office de délimitation inférieure de l'au moins une pièce d'assemblage, pour obtenir ainsi l'ensemble de chenets (1).
  8. Utilisation de l'ensemble de chenets (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 pour la combustion de bois de chauffage dans des foyers ouverts et fermés.
  9. Utilisation selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le foyer
    - est un foyer d'intérieur, notamment un foyer fermé, tel qu'un poêle-cheminée, une cheminée ou un poêle scandinave, ou une cheminée à foyer ouvert, dans une pièce de séjour, ou
    - est un foyer d'extérieur, notamment un foyer ouvert, tel que par exemple un foyer de jardin, une cheminée de jardin, un brasero ou un foyer public.
  10. Utilisation selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce que du petit-bois et/ou des allume-feu sont placés sous, entre et/ou sur le bois de chauffage, le bois de chauffage étant posé sur la zone d'appui du bois supérieure (2a) et/ou la zone d'appui du bois inférieure (2b) de l'ensemble de chenets (1) et l'ensemble de chenets (1) étant posé dans le foyer, la petit-bois et/ou l'allume-feu étant allumés par exemple à l'aide d'une allumette et le cas échéant, pendant la combustion du bois de chauffage, du bois de chauffage supplémentaire pouvant être posé sur l'ensemble de chenets (1).
  11. Utilisation selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le bois de chauffage est du bois feuillu, notamment du hêtre, du frêne, du chêne et/ou du bouleau et/ou présentant une longueur de 15 à 105 cm et de préférence une section transversale de 5 cm à 25 cm.
EP20196578.7A 2020-02-05 2020-09-17 Support de combustion pour bois de feu pour cheminées ouvertes et fermées, méthode de fabrication et utilisation Active EP3862633B1 (fr)

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EP3862633B1 true EP3862633B1 (fr) 2022-12-28

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029078A (en) * 1976-08-30 1977-06-14 Eller Robert E Andiron for controlled burning of logs
US4373508A (en) * 1979-10-12 1983-02-15 Northcraft Richard D Adjustable means for supporting combustible material
US5067476A (en) * 1990-08-02 1991-11-26 Majco Building Specialties, L.P. Artificial log assembly including combustable log members
US20110000476A1 (en) * 2009-07-01 2011-01-06 Kleve Robert B Log supporting and guiding apparatus for improved burning
NL1037173C2 (nl) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-07 Jan Joseph Dumoulin Inrichting geschikt voor het ondersteunen van langwerpige aanmaakelementen voor het aanmaken van een vuur.
US20130306049A1 (en) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-21 Custom Fire Grates, LLC Collapsible dual-tier fire grate kit

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