EP3857161A1 - Aufschlagzünder - Google Patents
AufschlagzünderInfo
- Publication number
- EP3857161A1 EP3857161A1 EP19759573.9A EP19759573A EP3857161A1 EP 3857161 A1 EP3857161 A1 EP 3857161A1 EP 19759573 A EP19759573 A EP 19759573A EP 3857161 A1 EP3857161 A1 EP 3857161A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- switch
- impact detonator
- operating state
- low
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/02—Electric fuzes with piezo-crystal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
- F41A17/06—Electric or electromechanical safeties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
- F42C1/10—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact without firing-pin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/001—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
- F42C11/006—Electric circuits for fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for fall bombs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/06—Electric fuzes with time delay by electric circuitry
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/40—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an impact detonator as used in ammunition.
- the task of the impact detonator is to respond to the active charge, which is provided in the ammunition, when the ammunition is impacted, and to initiate the ignition of the active charge directly or indirectly.
- Direct means that e.g. B. a detonator is ignited.
- Indirectly means that a switch is activated to connect the detonator with the ignition energy.
- Impacts of a certain ammunition on different surfaces have a large dynamic range in terms of amplitude and frequency, which must be detected completely and reliably, but may only trigger in specified limits.
- dynamic detection means that short, strong impacts must be detected just as reliably as longer, softer impacts, whereby only the impact on certain targets is to trigger the ignition and other obstacles do not trigger the ignition.
- the sensitivity or response of the impact detonator must be set to different targets.
- An impact detonator with an active sensor is proposed, which can convert mechanical energy into electrostatic energy, ie into a sensor voltage.
- a piezo sensor is advantageously proposed, which has mechanical effects on the Converted piezo material into electrical charge, resulting from a dipole formation in the crystal structure.
- a capacitor and a resistor In parallel to the sensor input of the circuit follows a capacitor and a resistor, which together form a high pass to set the lower limit frequency.
- the main function of the capacitor is to convert the charge of the piezo sensor into a voltage.
- the capacity then largely determines the sensitivity.
- the impact detonator has a filter characteristic consisting of a high pass and at least one low pass in a downstream filter circuit, which will be explained later.
- the proposed impact detonator further includes an operating state switch which can convert the impact detonator into one of two operating states, namely an activated and a deactivated operating state. This is done by means of an activation voltage, which can be supplied to the operating status switch. Via this activation voltage, the impact detonator is brought into an activated (armed), without activation voltage in the deactivated (safe) operating state.
- an operating state switch which can convert the impact detonator into one of two operating states, namely an activated and a deactivated operating state. This is done by means of an activation voltage, which can be supplied to the operating status switch. Via this activation voltage, the impact detonator is brought into an activated (armed), without activation voltage in the deactivated (safe) operating state.
- the operating status switch is preferably designed such that the activated state is reached when the activation voltage is applied and the deactivated state of the impact detonator when the activation voltage is not applied. So that this deactivated state of the impact detonator is maintained, i.e. when an activation voltage is not present, a potential coupling is provided in a special embodiment, which uses the existing ground potential to design the input limitation controlled by the operating state switch in such a way that it can become active and thus keeps the impact detonator safely in the deactivated (safe) operating state.
- the activation voltage for the operating state switch can advantageously be buffered. In a preferred embodiment, this is possible by means of a capacitor and a resistor (low pass).
- the capacitor ensures that the applied activation voltage is maintained for a short time when the same disappears.
- the state of the deactivated input limitation is maintained for a short time, which ensures that the active function of the open circuit is retained.
- the electrostatic energy is dissipated via the resistance of the buffer. Entry limit
- the input limitation is preferably designed such that the energy from the active sensor is limited or reduced after a first low-pass filter of the electronic circuit. This is achieved by short-circuiting the voltage in a certain range. As a result of this intended short circuit, the sensor voltage can no longer be supplied to a threshold switch.
- the input signal be short-circuited, preferably by means of a MOSFET component which is connected in parallel with the active sensor or after the first low-pass filter.
- a MOSFET component which is connected in parallel with the active sensor or after the first low-pass filter.
- Such an input limitation can then be limited to positive voltages due to the structural nature of the MOSFET component.
- this MOSFET In the activated operating state, controlled by the operating state switch, this MOSFET is then blocked so that a positive sensor voltage is no longer short-circuited. Accordingly, the full sensor voltage is then applied to the subsequent filter circuits. Negative sensor voltage is always limited by the source-drain diode of the MOSFET. This limitation is independent of the operating status.
- a capacitor and a resistor are arranged parallel to the sensor input of the impact detonator.
- the capacitor converts the electrical charge signal from the sensor into a proportional voltage signal.
- the capacitor voltage varies with the dimensioning of the capacitor capacitance and thus the sensitivity can be adjusted with this.
- the resistor shorts out static voltages and forms a high pass with the capacitor.
- the capacitor and the resistance determine the lower limit frequency in the first order.
- This high-pass characteristic of the circuit is used to adequately dampen low frequencies, such as those that may occur due to physical behavior during the flight of the ammunition, and to compensate for the zero point drift so that they cannot lead to the initiation of the detonator.
- the pre-filtered sensor voltage is fed to a first-order low-pass filter.
- the first low-pass filter is not absolutely necessary, but it is used so that dynamic negative sensor voltages are not short-circuited by the input limitation.
- the output signal of the first low-pass filter then branches into two further low-pass filters
- the output signal of the 1st low-pass filter is routed to 2 parallel low-pass filters with different transmission behavior.
- the 2 parallel low-pass filters detect sensor signals for different target types.
- a threshold switch which blocks the voltage signals of the low-pass filter outputs below a certain threshold. If the voltage signal reaches or exceeds the threshold value, the threshold value switch switches the voltage signals on and passes them on as an ignition voltage for firing the ammunition. The threshold switch prevents ignition by small voltage pulses that are not caused by the impact detonator striking the desired target.
- the threshold switch can also consist of a circuit with discrete components.
- a voltage limitation is also provided in a special embodiment, which limits the ignition voltage. This is advantageous if the ignition voltage passed on by the threshold switch is too high or contains excessive voltage peaks.
- a Zener diode which limits the ignition voltage to the Zener voltage, has proven advantageous.
- a suppressor diode which has a faster response time than the conventional Zener diode can also be used particularly advantageously here.
- the resistor R7 compensates for leakage currents. Further features emerge from the attached drawings. It shows:
- Fig. 1 exemplary circuit diagram of an impact detonator according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the impact detonator according to the invention, the active sensor, which can for example be a piezo sensor, not being shown.
- the sensor is connected to GND at the two points of the sensor voltage U s and supplies electrostatic energy E el .
- This electrostatic energy is supplied in the form of a charge to the capacitor C1 located directly at the input of the sensor voltage U s and converted into a proportional electrical voltage in the capacitor. This voltage, stored charge is used for the further connection of the impact detonator.
- the invention is divided into two operating states, an activated and a deactivated state.
- the operating states are switched using an operating state switch Q2.
- this is designed as an NMOSFET.
- This NMOSFET is used as an electronic switch and can deactivate the input limit Q1 when the activation voltage Ü A is applied .
- a potential coupling R8 is introduced, which holds the ground potential when the activation voltage UA is lost. This deactivates the impact detonator, i.e. brought into a safe state.
- the operating state switch Q2 in FIG. 1 connects the gate of the transistor Q1 to the ground when the operating state switch Q2 is activated.
- the transistor Q1 can no longer become conductive and thus the sensor voltage will no longer be limited to below approximately 3V.
- This operating state switch Q2 is controlled by the igniter electronics or the voltage U A.
- the MOSFET as input limitation Q1 is then no longer blocked by the operating state switch Q2, so that the capacitor C4 is charged when the sensor voltage is positive.
- the capacitor voltage of the C4 exceeds the threshold gate-source voltage of the input limitation Q1 after a short delay due to the resistor R3, this becomes conductive and then short-circuits the voltage to the subsequent filters.
- the threshold switch D1 gets no voltage to switch through. This function is supplied by the active sensor.
- the circuit advantageously does not have to be supplied externally, so that the energy from the active sensor is sufficient to generate the ignition pulse of the ignition voltage U z . If the threshold switch D1 switches through, the energy stored in the low-pass filters C5 + R5 and C6 + R6 is large enough to guarantee a trigger pulse even with an additional trigger delay. A so-called pump effect is not possible.
- the aforementioned pumping effect occurs when shock waves run through the ammunition body during the impact of the ammunition, which is particularly the case with hard targets. These shock waves generate an oscillating signal from the active sensor and thus an oscillating sensor voltage. With conventional impact detonators, the ignition pulse can be interrupted or delayed.
- the input limitation Q1 is preferably also designed as an NMOSFET. In order to keep this sensor voltage safely below the threshold value, the input limitation Q1 is arranged parallel to the sensor voltage U s or after the 1st low-pass filter (drain Q1 on the capacitor C2). If there is now a positive sensor voltage U s , the capacitor C4 is charged between the gate and source. If the NMOSFET exceeds its threshold gate-source voltage, it becomes conductive between drain and source with a very small resistance. The now conductive input limitation shorts the sensor voltage U s down to the threshold gate voltage. A negative sensor voltage U s is also limited by the drain-source diode.
- the sensor voltage U s is thus limited to values between -0.7V and 3.5V.
- the following threshold switch has a higher breakdown voltage (breakover) than the 3.5V, for example 20V.
- this threshold switch D1 is designed as a trigger diode, which works, for example, with a breakdown voltage of 20V. This means that voltage signals of the sensor voltage U s below 20V are not passed through the trigger diode, Voltage signals above 20V, however, do.
- the drain-source diode of the NMOSFET remains active, so that the sensor voltage U s is still limited to 0.7 V in the negative case, regardless of the operating state of the impact detonator.
- the current through the drain-source diode leads to a zero point shift.
- the high pass connected downstream of the sensor input Us consists of the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1. This is followed by a low pass filter C2 + R2, which is arranged between high pass C1 + R1 and threshold switch D1. This low-pass filter C2 + R2 ensures that high frequencies, which likewise should not lead to the ignition of the impact detonator, are also filtered out of the sensor voltage U s . This first low pass is followed by 2 different further low passes.
- the low-pass filter branch (C5, R5 with a small time constant) is for the strong signal components (hard targets) and has a sequential zener diode D2 in the reverse direction. This reduces the voltage supplied to the filter C5, R5 by the Zener voltage of the Zener diode D2.
- the Zener diode D2 also prevents the charge from flowing into the capacitor C5 at a low voltage level, thereby reducing the overall sensitivity, because this part of the charge would be missing in the capacitor C6. Only when the level is sufficiently high does the capacitor C5 charge up to the trigger voltage of the threshold switch D1, which then switches the capacitor voltage on to the output Uz.
- the second low-pass filter C5 + R5 is then assigned to the output signal, ie the ignition voltage U z , and filters high frequencies out of the ignition voltage U z .
- the low-pass filter has a Zener diode D2 sequentially to the resistor R5. The Zener diode D2 reduces the input voltage of the low-pass filter by the Zener voltage.
- the low-pass filter branch (C6, R6) for the weaker signal components has a higher time constant, so that the capacitor C6 can charge up to the trigger voltage of the threshold switch D1 more slowly. This then also switches the capacitor voltage C6 through to the output Uz. There is no voltage-reducing Zener diode in this low-pass filter branch, so even small amplitudes can contribute to the charging of C6.
- One diode (D5 and D6) at the output of each low-pass filter branch decouples the output voltages and prevents the two filters from influencing each other. Dynamic signals are filtered by the two filters and are not fed to the threshold switch D1.
- the voltage limiting D7 of the ignition voltage U such limits the ignition voltage U z ideally to a value which is slightly above the threshold voltage of the threshold D1.
- the first low-pass filter C2 + R2 is not limited in its input voltage, that is to say the sensor voltage U s .
- a hard target or a high ammunition speed also results in a large delay, so that the active sensor delivers a large amount of energy in the form of a charge in a short time, which is converted into a high voltage pulse in the capacitor C1.
- a high voltage shortens the time required to charge the first low-pass capacitor C2 and to switch through the threshold switch D1.
- the ignition pulse is therefore very dynamic. If the target is soft or the ammunition is slower, the trigger pulse, ie the ignition voltage U z . Correct parameterization, i.e. setting the filter, allows the triggering characteristics of the impact detonator to be set within certain limits.
- a voltage limitation D7 is provided.
- a Zener diode or a suppressor diode Voltages above the breakdown voltage of this Zener or suppressor diode are short-circuited via the diode, so that the ignition voltage U z is limited to a maximum voltage.
- a diode D2 is provided in series with the ignition voltage U z , which is intended to protect the electronic circuit of the impact detonator from feedback currents.
- the input limitation (Q1) can be arranged in a simple manner before or after the resistance of the low-pass filter (R2), the connections 21-22 are opened and the connections 22-23 are connected.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned features, rather further embodiments are conceivable.
- a fuse could be provided that only activates the detonation function of the detonator after a programmed time.
- the transmission function could be programmed and / or high and low passes of higher order could be used for more precise adjustment of the impact characteristic, that is to say for setting the dynamics .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018123935.1A DE102018123935A1 (de) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Aufschlagzünder |
| PCT/EP2019/072858 WO2020064246A1 (de) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-08-27 | Aufschlagzünder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3857161A1 true EP3857161A1 (de) | 2021-08-04 |
| EP3857161B1 EP3857161B1 (de) | 2022-12-21 |
Family
ID=67777323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19759573.9A Active EP3857161B1 (de) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-08-27 | Aufschlagzünder |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11262173B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3857161B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102558316B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2019345867B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3114210C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018123935A1 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUE061602T2 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL3857161T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020064246A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20260029486A (ko) * | 2023-09-04 | 2026-03-04 | 관악아날로그 주식회사 | 기폭 회로 및 이를 포함하는 전자 뇌관 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3024554C2 (de) * | 1980-06-28 | 1985-06-05 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Anordnung zur kontaktlosen Übertragung elektrischer Energie auf Flugkörper bei deren Abschuß |
| US4434717A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1984-03-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Hybrid fuse triggering device |
| US5301613A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-04-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Power supply for an electrical circuit mounted on a projectile |
| DE10013939A1 (de) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-27 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Elektrischer Schaltkreis mit Verpolungsschutz |
| US8701559B2 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2014-04-22 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Energy harvesting power sources for detecting target impact of a munition |
| US8091478B1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2012-01-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for electronically discriminating a target |
| DE102009058718B4 (de) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-12-08 | Junghans Microtec Gmbh | Sicherungseinrichtung für einen Zünder eines Geschosses |
| NO2758746T3 (de) * | 2011-09-16 | 2018-01-13 | ||
| US9115970B2 (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-08-25 | Orbital Atk, Inc. | High voltage firing unit, ordnance system, and method of operating same |
| US10775403B2 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2020-09-15 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Acceleration event detection and differential sensory devices and methods |
| SE545639C2 (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2023-11-21 | Saab Ab | Piezoelectric sensor arrangement and a method of discriminating signals |
-
2018
- 2018-09-27 DE DE102018123935.1A patent/DE102018123935A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-08-27 HU HUE19759573A patent/HUE061602T2/hu unknown
- 2019-08-27 EP EP19759573.9A patent/EP3857161B1/de active Active
- 2019-08-27 WO PCT/EP2019/072858 patent/WO2020064246A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-08-27 KR KR1020217009892A patent/KR102558316B1/ko active Active
- 2019-08-27 US US17/276,508 patent/US11262173B2/en active Active
- 2019-08-27 AU AU2019345867A patent/AU2019345867B2/en active Active
- 2019-08-27 PL PL19759573.9T patent/PL3857161T3/pl unknown
- 2019-08-27 CA CA3114210A patent/CA3114210C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220034638A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
| AU2019345867B2 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
| CA3114210C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
| KR20210099552A (ko) | 2021-08-12 |
| PL3857161T3 (pl) | 2023-06-26 |
| AU2019345867A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
| DE102018123935A1 (de) | 2020-04-02 |
| EP3857161B1 (de) | 2022-12-21 |
| US11262173B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
| CA3114210A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
| KR102558316B1 (ko) | 2023-07-20 |
| WO2020064246A1 (de) | 2020-04-02 |
| HUE061602T2 (hu) | 2023-07-28 |
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