EP3850155B1 - Führungsplatte und schienenbefestigungspunkt - Google Patents

Führungsplatte und schienenbefestigungspunkt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3850155B1
EP3850155B1 EP19766016.0A EP19766016A EP3850155B1 EP 3850155 B1 EP3850155 B1 EP 3850155B1 EP 19766016 A EP19766016 A EP 19766016A EP 3850155 B1 EP3850155 B1 EP 3850155B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
guide plate
rail
sleeper
width
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19766016.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3850155A1 (de
Inventor
Dimitre ILIEV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vossloh Fastening Systems GmbH
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Vossloh Fastening Systems GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Vossloh Fastening Systems GmbH filed Critical Vossloh Fastening Systems GmbH
Publication of EP3850155A1 publication Critical patent/EP3850155A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3850155B1 publication Critical patent/EP3850155B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a guide plate for laterally guiding a rail in a rail fastening point formed on a sleeper.
  • the guide plate has an upper side on which a support surface for supporting a spring element is formed. Furthermore, such a guide plate has an underside, via which the guide plate is supported on the sleeper in use.
  • a support surface is also present on an end face of a support section of the guide plate, via which the guide plate is supported on a shoulder provided on the sleeper during use.
  • the guide plate also has a guide section which is formed in the longitudinal direction of the guide plate opposite to the support section and on the front side of which there is a guide surface on which a longitudinal side of the rail is supported in use in order to guide the rail laterally, the guide surface with its Narrow sides each collide in a corner area with one of the longitudinal side surfaces that delimit the guide plate on its longitudinal sides.
  • Such guide plates are in various configurations, for example from the DE 102 54 679 B4 known.
  • a known guide plate is in addition to the initially specified features of a guide plate in the corner regions adjacent to the end portions of the guide surface of the guide plate each in the longitudinal direction of the guide plate from the Guide surface protruding locking projection formed, which is intended to grab during use under the respective guide surface associated longitudinal side of the rail.
  • U1 discloses a rail fastening anchor comprising a head with two lugs for fastening a resilient clamp and a leg in the form of an I-beam with an extended portion and a shoulder.
  • the heel of the anchor has a wedge-shaped constriction.
  • an additional stiffening rib is provided on the leg between the extended section and the heel.
  • a fastening anchor to be embedded in the respective subsurface is also known, which has projections which engage under the rail foot when installed.
  • a guide plate is also shown in this prior art. However, this is conventionally shaped and has no projections that would be suitable to counteract a displacement of the guide plate in the manner of a bolt.
  • the rail attachment point in which the guide plate is used, is usually erected on top of a cuboid sleeper on which a contact surface for the rail is provided, which is laterally delimited in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper by a respective supporting shoulder.
  • Rail fastening points in which rails for rail vehicles are fastened to a sleeper, and the components required for their manufacture are used in practice by the millions.
  • a guide plate is arranged in a rail fastening point, as a rule on each longitudinal side of the rail to be fastened.
  • the guide plates not only ensure that the rail retains its correct position on the track when a rail vehicle drives over it, but also serve as a support for a spring element that is clamped against the sleeper carrying the rail and exerts an elastic hold-down force on the rail respective guide plate assigned longitudinal side section of the rail foot, through which the rail is held on the sleeper.
  • Support shoulders are provided on the sleeper in order to divert the transverse forces acting against the guide plate when driving over the rail held in the respective rail fastening point into the sleeper.
  • the respective guide plate is supported against one of these shoulders on its side opposite the rail.
  • the precise positioning and support of the guide plate can be supported by the fact that on the underside of the guide plate, typically in the area of the transition to the support surface of the guide plate resting against the support shoulder, a guide section is formed which is angular in side view and which is formed into a guide section molded into the sleeper , In the width direction of the threshold extending groove engages.
  • Guide plates shaped in this way are referred to in technical jargon as "angled guide plates”.
  • the sleepers on which the respective rail is fixed and which as such are part of the respective rail attachment point usually carry two mutually parallel rails which together form a track on which a rail vehicle rolls with its rail wheels. In this way, the sleepers form the true-to-track parallel course of the rails on a track and distribute the when driving over the rails Rail vehicle loads occurring on the substructure supporting the sleepers. In conventional track systems, this substructure is usually designed as a ballast bed, on or in which the sleepers lie loosely.
  • the rails in track systems which are unavoidably assembled from individual sections for production reasons, have been continuously welded. In this way, so-called "joint gaps" between the mutually associated end faces of the sections are avoided.
  • the permanent welding means that the rails cannot expand to compensate for the consequences of their thermal expansion associated with heating. This leads to the development of high axial pressure forces in the rails, especially in the summer months. If these forces become too great, the track buckles laterally in places. In such a track warp, the sleepers are typically displaced 10-50 cm laterally from their proper alignment. At the same time, the rails are twisted in the rail bearing surface of the sleeper.
  • the guide plate is subjected to high loads that can go so far that the guide plate is no longer in the position prescribed for its function.
  • driving over a kinked section of road is only possible with great caution or not at all.
  • thermally induced track distortions can be counteracted by lateral stiffening of the track grid formed from the sleepers and the rails.
  • the tendency to buckle can be reduced by using specially shaped sleepers, so-called "Y-steel sleepers", which ensure particularly high resistance to lateral deformation of the track.
  • Y-steel sleepers which ensure particularly high resistance to lateral deformation of the track.
  • Increasing the transverse displacement resistance of the sleepers can also counteract the risk of track warping.
  • the frictional resistance between the ballast bed and sleeper can also be increased by appropriate coatings on the sleeper or design measures, such as special profiling of the sleeper flanks.
  • the task was to design a guide plate in such a way that, when used in a rail fastening point, it counteracts twisting of the rail with optimum resistance and the associated risk of track warping occurring at high outside temperatures.
  • a rail fastening point should also be specified, which offers an optimized resistance to twisting of the rail and the risk of track warping that occurs at high outside temperatures.
  • the invention has achieved this object by a guide plate having at least the features specified in claim 1.
  • a rail fastening point that achieves the above-mentioned object has at least the features mentioned in claim 12 .
  • a locking projection protruding from the guide surface in the longitudinal direction of the guide plate is formed in the end sections of the guide surface adjoining the corner regions and is intended to grip under the longitudinal side of the rail assigned to the guide surface during use.
  • the guide surface has a greater width than the support surface in the width direction of the guide plate, so that when the support surface is projected into the guide surface, the end sections of the guide surface, in which the locking projections are formed, protrude laterally beyond the support surface.
  • the distance between the locking projections in the width direction of the guide plate is at least 70%, in particular at least 80%, of the width of the guide surface.
  • the locking projections prevent the end sections of the guide surface of the guide plate from being lifted off during assembly of the guide plate.
  • the rail twists they ensure that the guide plate is evenly loaded and that high rigidity counteracts deformation of the rail, so that high resistance to twisting of the rail as a result of strong heating is guaranteed.
  • the locking projections With regard to the effect of the locking projections, it has proved to be important that these are formed only in the corner areas of the guide surface and that there is a spacing between them without a projection which, in use, grips under the rail. In this way it is ensured in a rail fastening point according to the invention that the rail is also supported between the locking projections over a long distance without intervening material of the guide plate on the sleeper.
  • the lever effect in supporting the rail is optimally utilized by arranging the locking projections as far apart as possible.
  • a particularly practical embodiment of the invention provides that the locking projections border on the corner area assigned to them, in which the guide surfaces collide with a respective longitudinal side surface of the guide plate.
  • the locking projections each extend at most over the width of the end section of the guide surface assigned to them, so that a sufficiently large distance between the locking projections remains free.
  • the guide surface of the guide section has a greater width than the support surface of the support section in the manner according to the invention, so that when the support surface is projected into the guide surface, the guide surface with the end sections, in which the locking projections are formed, protrudes laterally beyond the support surface.
  • the support section that carries the support surface is narrower than the guide section of the guide plate that carries the guide surface.
  • optimized geometric conditions result if the following applies to the ratio BF/BS of the width BF of the guide surface to the width BS of the support surface of the guide plate according to the invention: 1.2 ⁇ BF /BS ⁇ 1.6, where ratios BF/BS are at least 1.3 or at least 1.4 or at most 1.5 as particularly practical.
  • Such inventively designed guide plates have compared to conventional guide plates, for example in the DE 102 54 679 B4
  • the type shown has a three to sixfold increase in resistance to twisting as a result of linear expansion of the rail at increased outside temperatures.
  • the guide section of a guide plate according to the invention can also be widened to such an extent that the guide surface carried by the guide section has a width that exceeds the width of the support surface of the guide plate.
  • this allows the rail foot to be supported laterally on the respective guide plate over a significantly greater length than is the case in a conventional rail fastening point.
  • a width of the guide section of the guide plate that goes beyond the contact surface of the sleeper has the advantage that the locking projections then arranged in the end sections that protrude laterally beyond the sleeper can also easily grip under the longitudinal side of the rail assigned to the guide plate when the rail is directly ie without a plate element arranged between the rail and the sleeper, on which the sleeper is seated.
  • the width of the guide surface is less than or equal to the width of the contact area of the sleeper, at least one intermediate plate can be arranged between the rail and the sleeper, through which the rail is held at a height distance above the contact area of the sleeper that is at least equal the height of the latch protrusions is such that the latch protrusions are below them assigned long side of the rail can grab.
  • two or more plates, which are stacked one on top of the other can also be used instead of an intermediate plate.
  • the guide plate has a significantly larger lever than conventional guide plates, via which the guide plate can counteract any twisting of the rail about the relevant vertical axis as a result of thermal expansion of the rail.
  • two locking projections are provided in a vertical plane on the end face of a guide plate according to the invention that has the guide surface in the region of the end sections with which the guide surface protrudes beyond the support surface when the support surface is projected into the guide surface acting form-fitting lock formed, which prevents relative movement between the rail and guide plate in the direction of gravity. In this way it is ensured that the surface contact between the guide section of the guide plate and the associated longitudinal side of the rail foot is guaranteed.
  • the locking projections provided according to the invention also prevent the guide section, which is advantageously present on a guide section which is widened in relation to the support section in the manner explained above, from occurring Lift off the end sections of the guide surface when installing the guide plate.
  • the locking projections ensure that the guide plate is evenly loaded and that deformation of the rail is countered by high rigidity, so that high resistance to twisting of the rail as a result of strong heating is guaranteed.
  • the design of a guide plate according to the invention counteracts the risk of track warping and a lasting impairment of the function of the rail fastening point, which exists in the prior art as a result of thermal expansion of the rails.
  • the particular advantage of designing a guide plate according to the invention is that the conventional guide plates installed in the field can be exchanged for guide plates according to the invention with simple means on stretches of track where there is a risk of track warping. All other components of the rail fastening point already present in the field can continue to be used, so that existing routes that are at risk of warping can be upgraded according to the invention in a resource-saving and particularly economical manner by using guide plates according to the invention.
  • the guide plate designed according to the invention can be fixed to the sleeper in any known manner in order to absorb the forces acting on it during use and to divert them into the sleeper. It has proven to be particularly suitable for this if the guide plate has, in a manner known per se, a support section on its side opposite the guide section, which has a support surface on its end face which rests against a shoulder provided on the sleeper and whose width is smaller than the width of the guide surface.
  • the width of the support portion at its face bearing the support surface is advantageously at most equal to the width of the shoulder in its area coming into contact with the support surface. In this way, optimum support on the shoulder of the sleeper provided for this purpose is achieved with minimal use of material for shaping the guide plate.
  • a guide plate designed according to the invention is in a manner known per se, such as that from the above-mentioned DE 102 54 679 B4 known guide plates, seen in plan view, formed mirror-symmetrically with respect to their longitudinal axis aligned transversely to the longitudinal extension of the rail.
  • This proves to be particularly useful when the guide plate according to the invention is to be used in an otherwise conventionally designed rail fastening point, in which a spring element designed as a W-shaped tension clamp is placed on the guide plate, as is also the case, for example, in DE 102 54 679 B4 shown and used millions of times in the field.
  • Temporary changes in the vertical position of the rail can occur, for example, as a result of elastic sagging of the rail when a rail vehicle drives over the respective rail fastening point or as a result of the rail being twisted about its longitudinal axis as a result of thermal expansion occurring at high outside temperatures.
  • An optimal effect of the locking projections is achieved when the underside of the locking projections meets the lower boundary edge of the end face of the guide plate that has the guiding surface and the height of the locking projections is at most half the height, in particular at most one third, of the height of the guiding surface.
  • the locking projections can have an inclined surface on their upper side, on which the rail foot is supported and which points in the direction of the free Face of the locking projections falls. It has proven particularly useful here that the sloping surface encloses an angle of inclination of at most 45° with a plumb line dropped onto the guide surface, with an angle of inclination of 40° +/- 2° having proven to be particularly useful in order to avoid overloading the locking projections.
  • a guide plate designed according to the invention can have a reinforcing rib in a region of its upper side adjoining the end face provided with the guide surface, which reinforcement rib extends over the width of the guide surface.
  • a stiffening rib is formed on the upper side in the edge region of those side sections which connect the guide section to the support section.
  • Optimum dimensional stability of the guide plate as a whole results when the reinforcing rib and the stiffening ribs are present and the stiffening ribs each support the reinforcing rib at the end that is assigned to them.
  • the reinforcing ribs can each merge into one of the stiffening ribs at their lateral ends.
  • a particularly effective support of the rail in a rail fastening point according to the invention can be achieved in that the guide plate designed according to the invention is designed in the manner of an angled guide plate.
  • the angular shoulder provided on the underside of the guide plate designed according to the invention and extending in the width direction of the guide plate engages in a corresponding groove formed in the upper side of the sleeper and thus enlarges the area in which the guide plate is supported on the sleeper .
  • a rail S is attached, which is part of a track for rail vehicles, not shown here, in which two rails S are usually guided in parallel.
  • the rail fastening points 1 provided for fastening the rails S of the track are designed according to the pattern of the rail fastening point 1 in a section of track that tends to warp at high outside temperatures, while conventionally designed rail fastening points of the type generally specified at the beginning can be used in the other sections of the route.
  • the rail attachment point 1 comprises a sleeper 2 which is aligned transversely to the longitudinal extension LS of the rail S and on one end section of which the rail attachment point 1 is erected.
  • the second rail of the track, to which the rail S fastened in the rail fastening point 1 belongs, is fastened in the same way on the opposite end section, which is not shown here.
  • the cuboid, overall conventionally shaped sleeper 2 is made in a manner known per se from a concrete material and is mounted in a manner also known in a ballast bed, not shown here.
  • the Riser 2 has a top 3 and two longitudinal sides 3′, 3′′, each of which meets the top 3 in a longitudinal edge LK′, LK′′.
  • a contact surface 4 On the upper side 3 of the sleeper 2 there is a contact surface 4 on which the components of the rail fastening point 1 sit.
  • the contact surface 4 In the longitudinal direction LB of the sleeper 2, which is aligned transversely to the longitudinal extent LS of the rail S, the contact surface 4 is delimited by a shoulder 5, 6, each of which has a flat supporting surface inclined from the contact surface 4 relative to the vertical on its end face assigned to the contact surface 4 13 has.
  • a groove 7 , 8 is formed in each of the edge regions of the contact area 4 that meet with the respective shoulder 5 , 6 and extends over the width BB of the contact area 4 of the sleeper 2 , measured transversely to the longitudinal extent LS .
  • the rail S stands with the underside UF of its rail foot SF on an elastic intermediate layer 9 which is embedded in the contact area 4 of the sleeper 2 in the middle between the shoulders 5.6. In this way, the rail S is supported on the sleeper 2 in an elastically yielding manner in the direction of gravity SR, as is known per se.
  • the rail attachment point 1 also includes two identical guide plates 10 formed in one piece from a plastic material that has been tried and tested for this purpose, one of which is arranged on one of the longitudinal sides of the rail S in each case.
  • mirror-symmetrically shaped guide plates 10 are designed in the manner of angled guide plates and have an angled shoulder 11 on their underside, with which they rest on the contact surface 4 of the sleeper 2 on, with which they sit in the respectively assigned groove 7.8 of the threshold 2.
  • the shoulder 11 is in the area of a support section 12 of the guide plates 10 formed, via which the guide plates 10 are each supported on the shoulder 5 , 6 of the sleeper 2 associated with the respective guide plate 10 .
  • the support section 12 of the guide plates 10 has on its end face assigned to the shoulders 5.6 a supporting surface 13 which extends over the width of the support section 12 and which is inclined according to the inclination of the support surface of the assigned shoulder 5.6, so that when the Rail attachment point 1, the support surface 13 of the guide plates 10 is flat against the support surface of the associated shoulder 5.6.
  • the width BS of the support surface 13, which corresponds to the width of the support section 12, is at most equal to the width BB of the contact surface 4 of the sleeper, so that the support section 12 does not protrude beyond the width of the shoulders 5, 6, but rather its support surface 13 extends over the entire surface of the support surface of the respective shoulder 5.6 is present.
  • the guide plates 10 On their side facing the rail S and opposite the support section 12, the guide plates 10 each have a guide section 14, which has a planar guide surface 15 on its end face assigned to the rail S, which has a rectangular basic shape that is elongated in the width direction of the guide plate 10.
  • the rail foot SF lies tightly against the guide surface 15 with its respective longitudinal side 16 , 17 .
  • the guide surface 15 abuts with its narrow sides in a corner region 15a, 15b of the guide surface 15 with one of the longitudinal side surfaces on the longitudinal sides 16, 17, which delimit the guide plate 10 on its longitudinal sides to the outside.
  • the guide surface 15 extends completely over the front width of the guide section 14. Its width BF is equal to the width BB of the contact area 4 of the threshold 2, so that the guide surface 15 with its end sections 18, 19 abutting on the corner regions 15a, 15b, each extending over the full width BB of the contact area 4 and, as a result, over the upper side 3 of the sleeper 2 between the longitudinal edges LK', LK".
  • a locking projection 20,21 is formed on the end sections 18,19 of the guide surface 15 of the guide section 14 adjacent to the respective corner area 15a, 15b, which protrudes perpendicularly from the guide section 14 in relation to the guide surface 15 and has its underside flush with the underside of the guide plates 10 is aligned.
  • the locking projections 20, 21 are each formed in the lower half of the corner regions 15a, 15b of the guide surface 15 of the guide section 14.
  • Your maximum height HR corresponds to about one third of the maximum height HF of the guide surface 15 in the area between the locking projections 20,21.
  • the height HR and the height HF are dimensioned such that when the rail fastening point 1 is fully assembled, the locking projections 20,21 engage under the longitudinal side 16,17 assigned to the respective guide plate 10 and thus act against the underside UF of the rail foot SF.
  • the distance BA, measured in the width direction, between the locking projections 20, 21 is at least 80% of the total width BF of the guide surface 15.
  • the locking projections 20,21 of the guide plates 10 each have an inclined surface 22, starting from the edge where the top of the respective locking projection 20,21 meets the guide surface 15, in the direction of the free end face of the locking projections 20,21 falls off.
  • the angle ⁇ included between the inclined surface 22 and a perpendicular to the guide surface 15 is about 40° in a side view of the guide plates 10, so that the edge between its respective longitudinal side 16,17 and its underside UF on the locking projections 20,21 seated rail S can slide along the inclined surfaces 22 during a lowering movement directed in the direction of gravity SR.
  • the guide section 14 merges into the support section 12 of the guide plates 10 on the longitudinal sides of the guide plates 10 via a stiffened side section 23 , 24 .
  • the side surfaces of the support sections 23, 24 have a continuous, discontinuous course and thus convert the width BF of the guide surface 15 into the width BS of the support surface 13.
  • the reinforcing rib 25 merges into a respective stiffening rib 26 , 27 which extends along the edge area of the respective side section 23 , 24 on the upper side of the guide plates 10 and whose height decreases in the direction of the support section 12 .
  • a groove 28 extending over the width of the support section 12 is formed in the upper side of the guide plates 10 .
  • a through opening 29 leading from the top to the bottom of the guide plates 10 is formed in the guide plate 10 at a central point.
  • a guide rib 30 running from the reinforcing rib 25 in the direction of the support section 12 is provided on the upper side of the guide plates 10, which is arranged centrally in relation to the width of the guide plates 10 and borders the through-opening 29 laterally.
  • the groove 28 and the guide rib 30 serve as guide elements by which the alignment of a spring element 31 designed as a conventional W-shaped tension clamp and seated on the guide plates 10 in the rail attachment point 1 is secured.
  • the spring elements 31 are supported in a known manner with their holding arms on the side of the rail foot SF assigned to them and by means of each clamped against the sleeper 2 by a conventional sleeper screw 32 .
  • the sleeper screws 32 are passed through the middle loop of the spring element 31 and the through-opening 29 , screwed into a dowel, not shown here, embedded in the sleeper 2 and supported with their screw heads against the middle loop of the spring element 31 .
  • an insulating element 33 known for this purpose from the prior art can be arranged between the holding arms of the spring elements 31 and the rail foot SF.
  • the guide plates 10 oppose a sideways movement of the rail S with a significantly higher resistance than conventional guide plates. This is achieved by the width of the guide sections 14 extending up to the width BB of the contact surface 4 of the sleeper 2, the correspondingly increased width BF of the guide surface 15 and the correspondingly enlarged operating lever, with which the guide plates 10 counteract a vertical axis erected perpendicularly to the contact surface 4 a lateral force emanating from the rail S can act.
  • the high resistance to twisting is supported by the high rigidity that is ensured in the guide plates 10 due to their lateral stiffening by the stiffening ribs 26,27.
  • the locking projections 20, 21 ensure that proper contact between the rail S and the guide plates 10 is also guaranteed when the rail S is tense due to the rail attachment made in the slide attachment point 1 or when the rail S moves around its position due to thermal expansion Twisted longitudinal axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
EP19766016.0A 2018-09-13 2019-09-09 Führungsplatte und schienenbefestigungspunkt Active EP3850155B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018122426.5A DE102018122426B9 (de) 2018-09-13 2018-09-13 Führungsplatte und Schienenbefestigungspunkt
PCT/EP2019/073988 WO2020053145A1 (de) 2018-09-13 2019-09-09 Führungsplatte und schienenbefestigungspunkt

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3850155A1 EP3850155A1 (de) 2021-07-21
EP3850155B1 true EP3850155B1 (de) 2023-05-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19766016.0A Active EP3850155B1 (de) 2018-09-13 2019-09-09 Führungsplatte und schienenbefestigungspunkt

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20220106741A1 (es)
EP (1) EP3850155B1 (es)
CN (1) CN112771228B (es)
DE (1) DE102018122426B9 (es)
EA (1) EA202190478A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2949686T3 (es)
PL (1) PL3850155T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2020053145A1 (es)

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US20220106741A1 (en) 2022-04-07
WO2020053145A1 (de) 2020-03-19
CN112771228A (zh) 2021-05-07
EA202190478A1 (ru) 2021-10-15
ES2949686T3 (es) 2023-10-02
EP3850155A1 (de) 2021-07-21
CN112771228B (zh) 2023-07-14
PL3850155T3 (pl) 2023-09-04
DE102018122426B4 (de) 2022-01-05
DE102018122426A1 (de) 2020-03-19
DE102018122426B9 (de) 2022-04-07

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