EP3833920B1 - Behälter, ofen und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung eines pulvergemisches - Google Patents

Behälter, ofen und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung eines pulvergemisches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3833920B1
EP3833920B1 EP19749578.1A EP19749578A EP3833920B1 EP 3833920 B1 EP3833920 B1 EP 3833920B1 EP 19749578 A EP19749578 A EP 19749578A EP 3833920 B1 EP3833920 B1 EP 3833920B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
spacers
foot
head
containers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19749578.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3833920A1 (de
Inventor
Arian Esfehanian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Onejoon GmbH
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Onejoon GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Onejoon GmbH filed Critical Onejoon GmbH
Publication of EP3833920A1 publication Critical patent/EP3833920A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3833920B1 publication Critical patent/EP3833920B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • F27D5/0012—Modules of the sagger or setter type; Supports built up from them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • F27D5/0018—Separating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0068—Containers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a container for storing a powder mixture during heat treatment in a furnace.
  • the invention also relates to a furnace and a method for heat-treating a powder mixture.
  • powder mixtures are heat-treated in the containers mentioned at the beginning (also called saggar).
  • the containers are made of ceramics or mullite materials because these materials have good heat resistance and because the containers are exposed to large temperature gradients in the oven.
  • the chemical resistance and the mechanical strength of mullite containers are low, which means that these containers are particularly sensitive in chemically aggressive atmospheres and in contact with reactive materials and are therefore disadvantageous.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical arrangement of three containers 1 known from the prior art, in each of which a powder bed 4 made of a powder mixture is arranged and which are stacked directly one on top of the other to increase the throughput during the firing process in the furnace, so that on the lower and upper edges of the Container 1 contact points 2 arise. So that on the one hand the process gas required for the reaction can be fed to the powder mixture and on the other hand exhaust gases produced within the container 1 can be discharged and thus an automatic gripping of each individual container 1 is possible after the heat treatment, the containers 1 have recesses 3, which the interior the container 1 open towards the oven.
  • Stacking the containers on top of each other leads to high mechanical compressive stresses in the lower containers and to a limited service life of the containers because they deform and occasionally tear.
  • the amount of powder per container and consequently the throughput per unit of time is therefore limited.
  • the combination of pressure, temperature and chemical influences on the containers occasionally leads to at least partial sticking at the contact points, which poses major problems when removing the containers, particularly with a robot.
  • a multi-part sagger is known in which four side parts are arranged around a rectangular base element of corrosion-resistant material, which form the walls of the sagger.
  • the side parts are connected via corner parts made of a different material. Individual broken elements can be replaced on such a sagger.
  • the corner parts have upward extensions so that the saggers can be stacked and cannot slip.
  • a annealing material carrier with several base plates arranged one above the other is known.
  • the base plates are spaced apart from one another by tube sections which are each threaded onto column rods below and above a base plate, which penetrate the base plates.
  • the CN 108120305A shows a transport trolley for lumpy material to be burned with several flat steel frames stacked on top of one another. This is not suitable for powder mixtures.
  • the object of the present invention to specify a container, an oven and a method with which the aforementioned problems are at least partially eliminated.
  • the throughput per unit of time should be increased and the automatic removal of the containers should be simplified.
  • the service life of the containers and the effectiveness of the heat treatment of the powder mixture should be increased.
  • several receptacles are provided for the detachable attachment of spacers, which, in the assembled state, allow several containers to be stacked one on top of the other without contact.
  • Non-contact stacking means that two containers arranged one above the other do not touch and do not form direct contact points, which avoids the risk of sticking during the firing process in the furnace.
  • the spacers that are in contact with each other are made of a material that is chemically more stable than the containers, so that no sticking occurs at the contact points.
  • the mass of the containers is no longer supported by the containers below due to the contactless stacking, but because the spacers take on the supporting function, the mass to be supported of each container is reduced to its own weight and the mass of the powder mixture. As a result, the amount of powder mixture per container can be significantly increased, which leads to a significant increase in throughput per unit of time. Furthermore, the lower total mass of a container to be carried leads to a lower mechanical load and consequently to a significant increase in the service life of the container. Finally, the storage of the containers at a distance from one another results in a comparatively larger gap between two containers in each case, through which any exhaust gases caused by the reaction can be better discharged and through which the process gas can be better guided to the powder mixture.
  • the distance allows for more effective heat transfer within the furnace.
  • the releasable connection between the container and the spacer remains in place until either the container or the spacer is damaged or worn out. In this case, a simple manual or automatic exchange is possible thanks to the detachable connection.
  • the container is delimited by a lateral wall with a lower edge and an upper edge, which has a plurality of receptacles for receiving the spacers, which pass through the wall from the lower edge to the upper edge.
  • the spacers in the mounted state protrude beyond the wall of the container at the upper edge and at the lower edge and can be locked within the receptacles.
  • the container has a rectangular cross-section and the receptacles are placed in the corners of the wall.
  • the recordings can be closed in the radial direction, with which the recordings are completely introduced into the wall of the container and open the wall only at the upper edge and at the lower edge.
  • the receptacles can have lateral openings with an opening width in the radial direction.
  • the receptacles can have any desired cross section, in particular an angular, rectangular or round cross section. If the receptacles are designed as bores with a round cross section, the opening widths of the side openings are smaller than the inner diameter of the bores.
  • the feet or the foot sections and the heads or the head sections are arranged on the sections of the supports projecting beyond the wall. Due to the spacers/supports extending through the entire wall, the containers rest exclusively on the spacers, so that the lowest spacers carry the mass of all the containers and spacers arranged above them.
  • a first preferred embodiment provides that the support of a spacer is designed in two pieces and has a lower support part with a foot and can be inserted into the bore at the lower edge of the wall.
  • An upper support part has a head and can be inserted into the bore at the upper edge of the wall.
  • the lower and upper support parts can be releasably connected to one another within the bore for locking the spacer.
  • a threaded connection with corresponding threaded sections or a bayonet connection can be provided to connect the support parts within the bore.
  • the supports of the spacers can be designed in one piece and can be locked within a bore.
  • a spacer with a post, an enlarged foot and a head section or a spacer with a post, an enlarged head and a foot section can be locked within the bore, preferably by a cotter pin, a snap connection or comparable fastening means.
  • a spacer with a one-piece support, a head and a foot can have a screw connection via corresponding threaded sections on the support and on the head and/or on the foot for detachable and at the same time captive mounting in the bore.
  • the bores can also have lateral openings which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bores and continuously open the wall of the bore laterally.
  • Such bores are used for the detachable connection of spacers, the supports of which each have two parallel guide surfaces which are connected to one another via part-cylindrical sliding surfaces, so that the supports can be inserted through the lateral openings of the bores into the bores and here by rotating the supports about the longitudinal axis are stored in a form-fitting manner.
  • the opening width of the lateral opening of the bores is adapted to the distance between the sliding surfaces of the supports.
  • the supports When assembled, the supports are mounted in a form-fitting manner within the bores and the part-cylindrical sliding surfaces rest against the inner walls of the bores.
  • spacers can also be used, the one-piece supports of which are permanently connected to the feet and heads.
  • the spacers in particular the supports and/or the heads and/or the feet are preferably made of high-strength and dense high-performance ceramics, in particular aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), which preferably has a porosity of less than 5%.
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • the spacers are designed to be significantly more stable chemically and mechanically than the containers made of ceramic or mullite material.
  • a first embodiment of the invention is in the Fig. 2a, b shown.
  • the containers 10 shown here have a bottom 11 and a wall 12, so that the containers 10 are shell-shaped for receiving a powder mixture.
  • the wall 12 has a lower edge 13 and an upper edge 14 and receptacles in the form of bores 15 penetrate between them.
  • the bores 15 serve to accommodate a spacer 16 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is designed in two pieces and has a support 17 consisting of a lower support part 18 and an upper support part 19 .
  • the lower support part 18 is connected to a foot 20 while the upper support part 19 is connected to a head 21 .
  • the lower support part 18 is inserted into a bore 15 from below.
  • the upper support part 19 is inserted at the upper edge 14 into the bore 15 until the upper and lower support parts 18, 19 abut one another.
  • the support parts 18, 19 can be releasably connected to one another via suitable releasable connecting means, for example via a screw connection or via a bayonet connection.
  • suitable releasable connecting means for example via a screw connection or via a bayonet connection.
  • Figure 2b shows a stack of three containers 10 according to the invention, between which compared to the prior art, a greater distance A for the supply of Process gas and is designed to remove reaction-related gases. Furthermore, it is already in Figure 2b It can be clearly seen that the total mass of all containers 10 is carried by the spacers 16 because they completely penetrate the bores 15 of the containers 10 . The lowest container 10 therefore only carries its own mass and therefore not the mass of the containers 10 arranged above it.
  • the Figures 3a and b show further alternative configurations of containers 10 with spacers 16, which are arranged in a laterally closed bore 15.
  • the spacer 16 is inserted at the lower edge 13 into the bore 15 until the foot 20 arranged on the support 17 strikes the bottom 11 of the container 10 .
  • the support 17 of the spacer 16 overhangs the top edge 14 of the containers 10 and thus forms a head portion 22 because the support 17 is not connected to a separate and enlarged head there.
  • the spacer 16 is in this position according to Figure 3a with a cotter pin 23 and according Figure 3b fastened with a locking connection 24.
  • the head section 22 of the support 17 engages in a recess 25 in the base 20, so that lateral displacement is prevented by a positive plug connection.
  • the transverse bores for receiving the cotter pin 23 within the wall 12 and/or within the support 17 are so large that no force is exerted on the wall of the container 10 in the stacked state.
  • the cotter pin 23 only prevents the spacer 16 or the support 17 from slipping out of the receptacle when a container 10 is lifted.
  • the support 17 can also be inserted into the bore 15 of the container 10 at the upper edge 14 so that the spacer 16 has a head 21 and a foot portion which protrudes at the lower edge 13 of the container 10.
  • the functioning of this alternative embodiment is analogous to the functioning according to FIG Figures 3a and 3b .
  • the Fig. 4a-h show one to the Fig. 2a, b and 3a, b alternative embodiment of containers 10 with a side opening 35 formed as a bore 15 Recording.
  • the Figure 4a shows a top view of a container 10 in the wall 12 of which a bore 15 has been made.
  • the bore 15 is open to the side and has an opening width B that is smaller than the diameter D of the bore 15 .
  • a support 17 of a spacer 16 can be inserted laterally, as in the Figures 4f and 4g is shown.
  • the illustrated spacer 16 has a head 21 and a foot 20 which are connected by the support 17 together.
  • the support 17 has parallel guide surfaces 26 which are connected to one another via part-cylindrical sliding surfaces 27 .
  • the guide surfaces 26 are so far apart that they allow the insertion of the support 17 into the bore 15, which is particularly true in the Figures 4b and 4c is shown.
  • the spacer 16 is locked within the bore 15 by rotating the support 17 about the longitudinal axis ( Fig. 4d, e ).
  • parallel wrench flats 34 are formed on the head 21, which form a contact surface for a screwing tool.
  • laterally open bores 15 allows the use of one-piece spacers 16 which not only have a one-piece support 17 but are also integrally connected to the head 21 and the foot 20.
  • the spacers 16 can be introduced into the receptacles and locked in place manually or automatically by means of a robot.
  • Fig. 4h shows a detailed view of stacked containers 10, which are each connected to a spacer 16 with lateral guide surfaces 26, which rest in laterally open bores 15 and are locked therein by a positive fit.
  • FIG 5a the automatic loading of a furnace 28 with containers 10 and the automatic removal of the containers 10 is shown by a robot 29, 30 in each case.
  • a robot 29, 30 On the left side of the oven 28 there is a first robot 29 which stacks several containers 10 filled with a powder mixture on top of one another.
  • Three stacked containers 10 are then of a suitable Transport device 31 introduced into the furnace 28 in the transport direction 32 .
  • the powder mixture is treated with heat in accordance with the specified processes before each container 10 is picked up individually by another robot 30 on the right-hand side of the furnace 28 and fed to further transport.
  • Figure 5b shows a cross section of the furnace 28 in the transport direction 32 and illustrates the advantages of the spaced storage of the containers 10, because there is a larger distance A between them due to the spacer 16, so that process gases are effectively supplied and any reaction gases are effectively fed out through a corresponding opening 33 on the bottom or on the wall of the furnace 28 can be discharged. Furthermore, the comparatively larger distance A results in a more effective heat treatment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
EP19749578.1A 2018-08-07 2019-07-02 Behälter, ofen und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung eines pulvergemisches Active EP3833920B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018119131.6A DE102018119131A1 (de) 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 Behälter, Ofen und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Pulvergemisches
PCT/DE2019/100614 WO2020030211A1 (de) 2018-08-07 2019-07-02 Behälter, ofen und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung eines pulvergemisches

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3833920A1 EP3833920A1 (de) 2021-06-16
EP3833920B1 true EP3833920B1 (de) 2022-06-08

Family

ID=67543972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19749578.1A Active EP3833920B1 (de) 2018-08-07 2019-07-02 Behälter, ofen und verfahren zur wärmebehandlung eines pulvergemisches

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11604029B2 (hu)
EP (1) EP3833920B1 (hu)
JP (1) JP7411635B2 (hu)
KR (1) KR20210041602A (hu)
CN (1) CN112840173B (hu)
DE (1) DE102018119131A1 (hu)
HU (1) HUE059880T2 (hu)
PL (1) PL3833920T3 (hu)
WO (1) WO2020030211A1 (hu)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4342810A1 (de) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-27 FRIES PLANUNGS- UND MARKETINGGESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Behälter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018129272A1 (de) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Rödental GmbH Transportwanne für Durchlaufofen
DE102022124350A1 (de) * 2022-09-22 2024-03-28 Onejoon Gmbh Stützeinheit für eine Tragplatte zum Aufbau eines Etagengestells, Etageneinheit mit solchen Stützeinheiten und Etagengestell für die Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken

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US1384468A (en) * 1920-03-26 1921-07-12 Ray Y Cliff Saggar
US2453511A (en) * 1946-05-08 1948-11-09 Ohio Steel Foundry Co Furnace tray basket
US2710746A (en) * 1951-02-02 1955-06-14 Paul S Menough Annealing tray
US4008997A (en) * 1975-07-14 1977-02-22 Leco Corporation Sagger
DE3063135D1 (en) * 1979-08-14 1983-06-16 Acme Marls Ltd A base for a kiln car
JPH0825066B2 (ja) * 1990-06-12 1996-03-13 アイダエンジニアリング株式会社 プレス機械の材料打抜加工方法およびプレス機械のスライド駆動装置
US5176465A (en) * 1990-08-27 1993-01-05 Holsted Carl A Device for interlocking separate component housing structures
WO1992019778A1 (de) * 1991-04-26 1992-11-12 Klefisch Gmbh Glühgutträger
US5411153A (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-02 Unfried; Greg J. Storage rack assembly system
AT408054B (de) * 1995-12-22 2001-08-27 Guenther Sikora Konstruktionssystem zum aufbau von dreidimensionalen gebilden
US5971174A (en) * 1997-05-12 1999-10-26 Strock; Douglas J. Stackable modular display rack
DE29920156U1 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-01-13 LOI Thermprocess GmbH, 45138 Essen Chargiergestell für einen Wärmebehandlungsofen
JP2000344580A (ja) 1999-06-02 2000-12-12 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 焼成用匣鉢
DE19957906A1 (de) * 1999-12-01 2001-06-28 Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbund-Bauteils sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines solchen
JP2003306387A (ja) 2002-04-11 2003-10-28 Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd 焼成用セッター及びその製造方法
JP5192770B2 (ja) 2007-10-12 2013-05-08 株式会社トクヤマ セラミック成形体の保持具
DE202014100848U1 (de) 2014-02-25 2014-05-12 Imerys Kiln Furniture Hungary Brennkapselanordnung
CN107088656B (zh) * 2016-02-18 2019-06-28 大同特殊钢株式会社 粉末填充装置、烧结磁体制造设备和烧结磁体制造方法
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4342810A1 (de) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-27 FRIES PLANUNGS- UND MARKETINGGESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Behälter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020030211A1 (de) 2020-02-13
KR20210041602A (ko) 2021-04-15
JP7411635B2 (ja) 2024-01-11
JP2021533327A (ja) 2021-12-02
US11604029B2 (en) 2023-03-14
CN112840173A (zh) 2021-05-25
CN112840173B (zh) 2023-08-25
DE102018119131A1 (de) 2020-02-13
PL3833920T3 (pl) 2022-11-21
EP3833920A1 (de) 2021-06-16
US20210302101A1 (en) 2021-09-30
HUE059880T2 (hu) 2023-01-28

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