Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
  • B02C19/06—Jet mills
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
  • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
  • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
  • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
  • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
  • D21B1/34—Kneading or mixing; Pulpers
  • D21B1/342—Mixing apparatus
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
  • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
  • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
  • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
  • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
  • D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
  • D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
  • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration

Definitions

• the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing nanofibers, in particular nanocellulose from a mixture of substances comprising fibers, in particular cellulose or cellulose.
• microfibers and / or nanofibers using numerous, different terms, such as microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or nanofibrillated fibers or nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC).
• MFC microfibrillated cellulose
• NFC nanofibrillated cellulose
• the processing of fibers, in particular cellulose is carried out by splitting the cell walls and exposing the nanofibers, in particular nano-cellulose. Accordingly, the comminution takes place primarily in the longitudinal direction of the fibers and less by shortening the fibers in the transverse direction.
• microfluidizers are known in the prior art.
• a microfluidizer such as in EP3088605A1
• a first fiber-containing fluid stream is crossed with a second fiber-containing fluid stream in order to cause the cellulose to be broken down into nano-cellulose.
• the fibers are thus guided under high pressure through a microchannel with a fixed internal geometry, in which the cell walls of the fibers are broken open due to shear forces and impact effects.
• Another method for producing nanocellulose can be implemented in the form of a homogenizer, as disclosed, for example, in JP201304142A1.
• a fiber-containing mixture of substances is pressed through a valve seat by means of a high-pressure pump, in order then to be pressed radially through a homogenizing gap which is only a few micrometers wide and then onto a radially arranged impact ring.
• the effect of such a high-pressure homogenizer is based on the shear of the fibers due to the change in speed of the fluid, the impact stress on the impact ring, and on cavitation.
• nanocellulose it is also possible to produce nanocellulose by means of a refiner or else a grinding machine, as disclosed, for example, in WO2013072558A1.
• a refiner two grinding plates corresponding to one another are usually brought together except for one grinding gap and a fibrous mixture of materials is pressed into the center of the grinding plates. The opposite movement of the fully wetted grinding plates enables the fibers to be crushed into nanofibers.
• examples from the paper and pulp industry are primarily used to explain the principle of shredding fibers to nanofiber.
• the device according to the invention and the method associated therewith can be applied analogously not only to vegetable fibers, but also analogously to other fiber-containing substance mixtures with animal origin, such as fibers from sea squirts, or synthetic origin.
• the object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method by means of which a user is able to shred fibers of a simple, energy-efficient and inexpensive to implement Mixture of substances, in particular cellulose, for the production of nanofibers, in particular nanocellulose.
• Another object of the invention is to increase process reliability, to minimize or even to completely avoid blockages, and to be able to process large quantities of fibers, in particular cellulose, containing a mixture of substances.
• the object of the invention is to increase the homogeneity of the processed mixture of substances and / or to ensure continuous production.
• the fibers to be comminuted are provided according to the invention in the form of a mixture of substances with a liquid component, in particular water.
• the mixture of substances can have a distribution of fibers with different diameters and / or lengths.
• fibers which have been comminuted beforehand can be present in the mixture of substances.
• the fibers to be comminuted can in particular have a multiplicity of microfibrils which usually have a diameter of 10 to 100 nm and a length of 0.5 to 10 pm.
• nanofibers are essentially understood to mean elongated components of fibers or microfibrils which have a thickness direction or a diameter in the range from about 5 to 30 nm and have a significantly greater longitudinal extent. This ratio of longitudinal extension to nanofiber thickness can be expressed as an “aspect ratio” and is usually greater than 50.
• the device according to the invention for the production of nanofibers, in particular of nanocellulose, of a substance mixture containing fibers comprises at least one outlet element with an outlet opening for the passage of a fiber-containing one Substance mixture at least one supply device for providing the fiber-containing substance mixture at the outlet element with a predefinable process pressure, and at least one feed device for positioning the outlet element.
• a movable processing body is arranged opposite one another relative to the at least one outlet element, wherein when the substance mixture containing fibers passes through the outlet element, a gap-shaped processing zone is formed between the outlet element and a partial surface of the movable machining element that is exposed to the mixture of substances.
• the method according to the invention uses such a device and comprises the method steps:
• Provision of the mixture of substances which comprises at least one liquid component, preferably water, and fibers, preferably cellulose;
• a shear field is formed at least in the gap-shaped machining zone.
• the predeterminable process pressure produces a change in the speed of the fluid or mixture of substances in the processing zone and allows the mixture of substances to flow continuously, the fibers of which are broken up in the shear field by opening the cell walls.
• long and / or insufficiently shredded or processed Fibers and / or other interference material are removed from the processing zone by the relative movement of the processing body and prevent the device from becoming blocked. In this way, a relatively high amount of substance mixture can be processed and the homogeneity of the substance mixture processed can also be increased.
• the device according to the invention can moreover be produced and operated relatively simply and inexpensively, since complicated components are eliminated. Any wear parts are relatively easy to access and inexpensive to replace, which can significantly increase operating times.
• a comparatively high idle power is required for the movement of mutually movable counter bodies that are completely immersed in the mixture of substances.
• the present invention therefore differs from the prior art in particular in that only a comparatively small partial area of the processing body is acted upon by the mixture of substances, as a result of which a particularly high energy efficiency can be achieved.
• the processed mixture of substances is accelerated very strongly when it exits the processing zone and can easily be collected in a housing that surrounds at least parts of the processing body and / or the exit element. This means that part of the processing body is not in direct contact with the mixture of substances.
• the machining body can therefore be moved with little resistance, which means that the total power consumption can be significantly reduced by the amount of idle power saved.
• the device and the method according to the invention are thus outstandingly suitable for processing mixtures of substances with synthetic and / or organic fibers.
• the proportion of fibers in the material mixture can be selected in a task-specific manner from about 0.1 to about 25% by volume, preferably from 1 to 8% by volume.
• a “passive” Movement of the movable machining body can be initiated in one direction of movement.
• the movable machining body is designed to be drivable in a direction of movement essentially laterally, preferably normally, to an outlet element axis of the outlet element by means of a drive device.
• the exit element axis essentially corresponds to an imaginary longitudinal axis through the exit element in the center of the exit opening.
• the movement takes place essentially laterally, preferably normally, to the outlet element axis of the outlet element and can be initiated and regulated by means of the drive device. In this way, the relative speed and thus the level of the shear forces in the processing zone can be set relatively easily.
• the direction of movement of the processing body is essentially opposite to a direction of flow of the mixture of substances striking the partial surface of the processing body that is exposed to the substance at a predetermined angle.
• the movable processing body is rotationally symmetrical, for example as a disk, cylinder, cone, drum or in the form of a band, such as a chain or band.
• the selection of the geometry of the machining body can be carried out by a person skilled in the art in view of the available space, delivery rates, drive power and the like. In certain cases, band-shaped processing bodies can therefore be advantageous, which are also only partially exposed to the mixture of substances.
• the rotationally symmetrical machining bodies likewise allow a relatively simple, task-related construction and can also be designed to be very dimensionally stable without excessive energy expenditure for having to put up with the movement, since only one part of the fabric is sprayed with the mixture of substances.
• the movable machining body is designed to be rotatable laterally, preferably normally, as a disk relative to the outlet element.
• the at least one infeed device is designed to be movable parallel to an axis of rotation of the disk, in order to set a predeterminable radial distance of the outlet element axis from the axis of rotation.
• This embodiment allows an independent or additional possibility for regulating the relative speed in the machining zone, which can be set relatively easily by the different peripheral speeds depending on the radial distance from the axis of rotation.
• This measure can be provided in addition or also instead of a speed control of the drive device, which offers an effective method for setting the shear forces, in particular in the case of “passively” driven machining bodies.
• the outlet element prefferably has a functional surface which is at least partially circumferential to form a hydrodynamic bearing in the machining zone.
• the outlet element is preferably formed in one piece with the functional surface, but can also be composed of several parts and can be designed, for example, in the form of a replaceable end section of the outlet element.
• an outlet element designed in this way permits the formation of a hydrodynamic bearing, as a result of which the outlet element can be spaced apart from the partial surface exposed to the substance at a predeterminable working distance.
• the partial surface covered with fabric corresponds in its Shape and / or size essentially with the functional surface. This allows in a simple manner to increase the favorable pressures, such as process pressure of the mixture of materials and / or contact pressure of the outlet element, for the formation of the shear forces required for comminuting the fibers, without the outlet element dragging on the processing body. Grinding of the outlet element or the functional surface can be avoided, inter alia, by the formation of a liquid wedge in the processing zone.
• the functional surface has a greater longitudinal extent in the direction of movement than in a transverse direction and / or counter to the direction of movement.
• the functional surface is essentially complementary in shape to the partial surface of the movable machining body that is exposed to the mixture of substances.
• this measure can increase the homogeneity of the mixture of substances leaving the processing zone, which is formed to form the uneven partial agent surface. This can make a decisive contribution to homogenizing the local exit speeds and / or shear forces on the fibers to be processed in the processing zone over the functional surface, which contributes to increasing the quality.
• the at least one outlet element is designed such that it can be aligned in a predeterminable solid angle of the outlet element axis relative to the surface of the movable machining body.
• the advantage of this embodiment is the adjustability and stabilization of the hydrodynamic bearing.
• an angular adjustment of the outlet element in particular in the case of “passively” moving bodies, can be used to adjust the relative speed and / or the shear forces in the machining zone. This option is relatively simple and inexpensive to implement and allows the quality of the processed material mixture to be increased.
• the at least one infeed device prefferably configured to be able to set a working distance and / or a solid angle between the at least one outlet element and the partial surface of the movable machining body that is exposed to the mixture of substances.
• the contact pressure of the outlet element is set in a targeted manner and the outlet speed of the processed material mixture is thus influenced, as a result of which the level of the shear forces in the gap-shaped processing zone can be set in a targeted manner.
• a solid angle of the outlet element axis of at least one outlet element, preferably for forming a necessary liquid wedge of the hydrodynamic bearing is regulated by means of at least one feed device.
• the level of the shear forces in the machining zone can be set in a targeted manner.
• this measure can be used to compensate for worn outlet elements and / or functional surfaces. This allows an improved homogeneity and / or quality of the processed material mixture over the period of use or service life of the wearing parts.
• an end section of at least one outlet element is at least partially movably mounted relative to the opposite partial agent surface.
• the end section of the outlet element can comprise a functional surface, whereby the hydrodynamic bearing is stabilized.
• the end section can essentially be designed to move freely as a type of floating mounting for the outlet element, or it can also be pre-adjustable, which makes it possible to compensate for wear on the outlet element and / or a functional surface. In addition, blockages caused by long and / or insufficiently processed fibers can be avoided.
• At least two outlet elements are arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction and / or radial direction relative to the movable processing body.
• the throughput of substance mixture can be significantly increased by arranging a plurality of outlet elements which each form a processing zone with a common processing body. This is particularly advantageous because, during operation, one or more outlet elements can be “switched on / off” relatively easily, and even maintenance work on individual outlet elements is possible. In addition, this measure can be used to reduce or even completely compensate for any bending moments which are applied to the processing body by the process pressure and / or the contact pressures. This allows a more stable and low-maintenance device. Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one second outlet element is arranged substantially opposite a first outlet element, the first outlet element being assigned to a first surface of the movable machining body and the corresponding second outlet element being assigned to a second surface opposite the first surface.
• the throughput of material mixture can be significantly increased by the formation of a plurality of outlet elements, which each form a processing zone with a processing body.
• the opposite arrangement of two corresponding exit elements can reduce the bending moments up to a complete compensation of the bending moments, e.g. the drive axis of the processing body or the processing body itself can be effected.
• This measure can be of advantage both in the case of strip-shaped machining bodies and also in the case of rotationally symmetrical machining bodies, such as a cylinder or a disk, provided that the partial center surfaces of the corresponding outlet elements are essentially on the first and second surfaces are opposite.
• At least two outlet elements are arranged along the direction of movement and / or machining body which can be moved normally to the direction of movement.
• the outlet elements are staggered in at least one direction, that is to say offset from one another.
• the arrangement of several outlet elements allows higher productivity using only one common machining body. Analogous to the formation of the outlet elements mentioned above, which are arranged opposite one another on first and second surfaces, this advantage can be seen primarily in the fact that the power consumption for driving the movable machining body rises only slightly or is even negligible. As a result, a large amount of substance mixture can be processed simultaneously in a very energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. It is therefore easy to imagine that several outlet elements can be arranged along a cylinder or cone.
• the outlet elements can also be on the first surface, for example one Outer surface of the cylinder, be arranged opposite to each other, whereby a compensation of the bending moments on the drive axis of the machining body can be effected. It is also conceivable to arrange the outlet elements in the circumferential direction of a pane, which has the same effect on the pane.
• At least the movable machining body of the drive device is arranged in a sealed manner by a housing by means of at least one contacting and / or contactless sealing element, preferably a maintenance-free labyrinth seal.
• a housing is advantageous for collecting the processed substance mixture, which shields at least the partial surfaces exposed to the substance, preferably the entire processing body, from the surroundings.
• the housing openings such as the outlet elements or a drive shaft, e.g. simple touching rubber seals are used, or self-sealing, maintenance-free labyrinth seals, as are known to the person skilled in the art. This enables particularly long maintenance intervals and low manufacturing costs.
• the housing is assigned a collecting container for collecting and / or further processing the processed mixture of substances.
• an essentially complete sealing of the housing can be advantageous in order to put the processing space under negative or positive pressure or also to form a protective gas atmosphere therein, as a result of which the quality of the processed material mixture can be influenced in a targeted manner.
• the substance mixture it is possible for the substance mixture to be subjected to a chemical and / or enzymatic and / or mechanical pretreatment, preferably in the course of a refining process, before the substance mixture is made available.
• the separation of the fiber components can be influenced in a targeted manner by chemical and / or enzymatic pretreatment, whereby the comminution to nanofibers, in particular nano-cellulose, can be facilitated.
• Such pretreatment can be carried out in an external device or in a section of the supply device provided for this purpose.
• a mechanical pretreatment for setting a predefinable fiber length or distribution of the fiber lengths and / or diameters is also conceivable, which e.g. can be carried out by refiners known to the person skilled in the art and the associated methods.
• a suitable pretreatment can thus be used to increase the quality of the processed material mixture.
• the quality and homogeneity of the processed material mixture can be increased by processing the material mixture containing fibers several times. It is conceivable to re-feed at least parts, or even the entire amount, of the processed mixture of materials to one pass of the device. In this case, a circulatory system between the collecting container and the supply device can be used very simply to achieve a predefinable fiber diameter and / or length distribution. In certain cases, it can be advantageous to adapt the liquid component of the mixture of substances that has been processed and is intended to be re-supplied, for example by adding water. In this way, a particularly fine disintegration of the fiber components into nanofibers, in particular nano-cellulose, can be achieved with a relatively low expenditure of energy and / or pressure. For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
• Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through an outlet element and a processing body to explain the principle of operation.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section through an outlet element
• FIG 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of possible embodiments of the device with two outlet elements which are distributed in the circumferential direction on a first surface (a) and are arranged opposite one another on a first and second surface (b);
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of machining bodies as cylinders (a), cones (b) or bands (c) with a plurality of outlet elements;
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of exit elements in cross section with a tilt by a solid angle (a), with a movable end section (b), with a complementary functional surface (c), or in a bottom view (d);
• Fig. 6 shows a schematic overview of a possible arrangement of a
• a movable processing body 7 is arranged opposite to the at least one outlet element 11.
• a gap-shaped machining zone 16 is formed between the outlet element 11 and a partial surface 10 of the movable machining body 7 that is exposed to a mixture of substances.
• the substance mixture 2 comprises a liquid component as well as fibers 3, which in particular can consist of cellulose 4 or cellulose.
• the substance mixture 2 is pressed through the outlet element 11 with a predefinable process pressure 15.
• the movable processing body 7 can e.g. are passively set into a relative movement by the exit of the processed substance mixture 2 from the processing zone 16 in a direction of movement 23.
• the processing body 7 can be activated actively by e.g. 6, drive device 20 shown in FIG. 6 can be moved in the direction of movement 23.
• the shear forces which occur in the gap-shaped processing zone 16 are used to comminute the fibers 3, in particular the cellulose 4, to nanofibers 5, in particular nano-cellulose 6.
• FIG. 1 represents a machining body 7 designed as a disk 22.
• the machining body 7 is mounted so as to be rotatable or movable about an axis of rotation 24.
• the outlet element 11 has an outlet element axis 21 which essentially corresponds to an imaginary longitudinal axis through the outlet element 11 in the center of the outlet opening 12.
• the relative speed 27 in the processing zone 16 can be set by the radial distance 25 between the outlet element axis 21 and the axis of rotation 24. From the overview of FIG. 1 with FIGS. 2 to 6 it can be seen that the movable machining body 7 is guided past the outlet element 11 in a direction of movement 23. This relative movement preferably takes place essentially laterally, particularly preferably normal to an exit element axis 21.
• FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, which may be independent.
• the outlet element 11 has a functional surface 13 which is at least partially circumferential around the outlet opening 12.
• the functional surface 13 can be formed in one piece with the outlet element 11.
• the functional surface 13 can be connected to the outlet element 11 as part of an end section 14 or as a separate component, in order to ensure that it can be replaced easily.
• a hydrodynamic bearing 29 can be formed in the processing zone 16.
• the processing zone 16 comprises the functional surface 13 and the corresponding partial surface 10 applied to the opposite substance. The formation of a liquid wedge in the hydrodynamic bearing 29 prevents contact of the outlet element 11 and / or the functional surface 13 with the processing body 7.
• the outlet element 11 has a working distance 17 from the partial surface 10 which is exposed to the mixture of substances.
• a working distance 17 can also be set for the device shown schematically in FIG. 1.
• FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 The design of an infeed device 18 for positioning the outlet element 11 is shown by way of example in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 and can be transferred analogously to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5.
• the delivery device 18 can be used to move the at least one outlet element 11 in the direction of the processing body 7 and / or transversely thereto.
• Such a delivery device 18 can be used in particular for setting the working distance 17.
• 3a and b and FIGS. 4a to c schematically show devices 1 in which two or more outlet elements 11 are arranged relative to a processing body 7.
• 3a shows two outlet elements 11, which are symmetrically spaced apart from the axis of rotation 24 of a first surface 8 of the processing body 7.
• FIGS. 3a and b schematically shows a situation in which two outlet elements are arranged essentially opposite one another and symmetrically to one another on a first surface 8 or a second surface 9 of the machining body 7.
• the machining body 7 as a disk 22, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3a and b, a compensation of any bending moments on the disk 22 and thus the axis of rotation 24 can be compensated.
• the supply of the at least one outlet element 11 can be achieved in each case via a separate supply device 19 or also via a common supply device 19 for providing the substance mixture 2 containing fibers 3.
• supply devices 19 of this type are not shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5.
• the movable machining body 7 can be designed as a rotationally symmetrical body, such as a cylinder or a drum or a cone or a disk 22, as shown schematically in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 3.
• the movable processing body 7 in the form of a band, for example as a chain or band, as can be seen schematically from FIG. 4c.
• a plurality of outlet elements 11 can be assigned to a shared processing body 7.
• the movable machining body 7 can be connected to a drive device 20, as can be seen in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6.
• Such a drive device 20 can be designed, for example, as a hydraulic or pneumatic motor and particularly preferably an electric motor and can have a speed control.
• infeed device 18 can be used to set a working distance 17 and / or a solid angle 26 between the at least one outlet element 11 and the substance mixture Partial surface 10 of the movable processing body can be aligned or positioned. It is also conceivable that a plurality of outlet elements 11 can be positioned together relative to the machining body by means of a common adjusting device 18. It can also be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4 that at least two outlet elements 11 can be arranged in the circumferential direction and / or radial direction relative to the movable machining body 7. The outlet elements 11 can be arranged symmetrically and / or offset from one another on a first surface 8 and / or second surface 9.
• a special embodiment of cylinders, cones, bands or chains in which at least one second outlet element 11 is arranged substantially opposite a first outlet element 11, the first outlet element 11 of a first surface 8 of the movable machining body 7 and the corresponding, second outlet element 11 is arranged on a second surface 9 opposite the first surface 8.
• This situation can be seen for a machining body 7 designed as a disk 22 from FIG. 3b and can be extrapolated by the person skilled in the art to other rotationally symmetrical and / or band-shaped machining bodies 7.
• FIG. 5a illustrates an outlet element 11 whose outlet element axis 21 is arranged at a preferably predeterminable solid angle 26 relative to a normal partial surface 10 of the processing body 7 that is acted upon by the substance mixture.
• Such positioning of the outlet element 11 can be carried out by means of an infeed device 18, as previously explained.
• the formation of a hydrodynamic bearing 29 can also be seen particularly well from this schematic illustration.
• FIG. 5b A further example of an outlet element 11 is shown schematically in FIG. 5b, in which an end section 14 of the outlet element 11 is at least partially movably mounted to the partial surface 10 which is exposed to the medium. On in this way, a type of floating mounting of the end section 14 can be formed when the hydrodynamic bearing 29 is formed, without causing the end section 14 to become jammed or clogged.
• 5c shows a schematic sectional illustration through an outlet element 11, a functional surface 13 surrounding the outlet element opening and a curved machining body 7.
• the functional surface 13 is of essentially complementary shape to the partial surface 10 of the machining body 7 that is exposed to the mixture of substances.
• concave and convex shapes of the functional surface 13 are conceivable, as can be seen particularly well in FIG. 5c.
• FIG. 5d A further possible embodiment of an outlet element 11 and a functional surface 13 is indicated schematically in a bottom view in FIG. 5d.
• the functional surface 13 is designed with a greater longitudinal extension in the direction of movement 23 than in a transverse direction thereto and / or counter to the intended direction of movement 23.
• the movement arrows shown schematically indicate the homogeneous exit of the processing substance mixture 2. If functional surface 13 shaped in this way is used, its shape can be optimized by a person skilled in the art for the particular application and geometry of machining body 7. As previously explained, the processing zone 16 should essentially be formed between the functional surface 13 and the corresponding partial surface 10 exposed to the substance.
• outlet elements 11 shown in FIGS. 5a to d and their combination can be included according to the invention in the description of FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 6 and, for the sake of brevity, is not discussed separately, but rather is referred to the corresponding discussions.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic overview of the device 1 according to the invention.
• only one outlet element 11 is aligned relative to the movable machining body 7.
• the positioning of the outlet element 11 is carried out by means of an infeed device 18.
• the mixture of substances 2 is supplied via a supply device 19.
• Machining body 7 formed is driven by a drive device 20 in a direction of movement 23.
• the device 1 has a housing 28 which is shown in the open state.
• the housing 28 serves to catch the material during processing and can be sealed off at least with respect to the drive device 20 by means of one or more sealing elements 30.
• Such sealing elements 30 can also be seen by way of example in FIG. 3 and can be designed to be touching or contactless.
• the processed mixture of substances 2 can be received in a collecting container 31. It is also conceivable that the supply device 19 is connected to the collecting container 31 in order to implement a circulatory principle.
• the individual method steps can also be automated and preferably controlled via a central, not shown, system controller. Operation on a control panel or touchscreen for monitoring and controlling the system is also being considered.
• the setting of a predefinable distribution of fiber lengths and / or fiber cross-sections and / or their distribution can thus be specified by the user and regulated by means of a system controller.
• the repeated passage of at least parts of the processed substance mixture 2 can also be used to adjust the flomogeneity and / or quality of the nanofibers 5 or nano cellulose 6.
• the consistency of the mixture 2 can have an influence on the quality of the mixture 2 processed.
• suspensions that is to say mixtures of substances 2, with a fiber content of 0.1 to about 10% by volume, preferably 1 to about 8% by volume, can be processed safely and easily.
• Fabric densities up to 25 vol.% And above are also conceivable.
• suitable supply devices 19 which are capable of conveying substance mixtures 2 with such high substance densities while applying a sufficiently high process pressure 15.
• High-pressure feed screw arrangements, for example, are particularly suitable for this.
• All information on value ranges in the objective description is to be understood so that it includes any and all sub-areas, e.g. the information 1 to 10 is to be understood so that all sub-areas, starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, are included, i.e. all sections start with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1, 7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

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• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-05-08 CA CA3095851A patent/CA3095851C/en active Active
  • 2019-05-08 JP JP2020534957A patent/JP6982911B2/ja active Active
  • 2019-05-08 CN CN201980016805.6A patent/CN111801463B/zh active Active
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