EP3744893A1 - Système de fixation de rail - Google Patents

Système de fixation de rail Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3744893A1
EP3744893A1 EP20173601.4A EP20173601A EP3744893A1 EP 3744893 A1 EP3744893 A1 EP 3744893A1 EP 20173601 A EP20173601 A EP 20173601A EP 3744893 A1 EP3744893 A1 EP 3744893A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rail
fastening system
substrate
plate
rail fastening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20173601.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan LIENHARD
Frank Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schwihag AG
Original Assignee
Schwihag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schwihag AG filed Critical Schwihag AG
Publication of EP3744893A1 publication Critical patent/EP3744893A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
    • E01B9/46—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps
    • E01B9/48—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips
    • E01B9/483—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips the clip being a shaped bar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/22—Special sleepers for switches or crossings; Fastening means therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/28—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members
    • E01B9/30—Fastening on wooden or concrete sleepers or on masonry with clamp members by resilient steel clips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
    • E01B9/46—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
    • E01B9/46—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps
    • E01B9/48—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2201/00—Fastening or restraining methods
    • E01B2201/04—Fastening or restraining methods by bolting, nailing or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/06—Height or lateral adjustment means or positioning means for slabs, sleepers or rails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
    • E01B2204/09—Ballastless systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail fastening system for fastening a rail to a substrate, preferably a solid track.
  • the rail fastening system has an angled guide plate which is set up to divert transverse forces from the rail into the ground.
  • angle guide plates It is known to fasten track rails to concrete sleepers using so-called "angle guide plates".
  • the angled guide plates contribute through a form-fitting connection with corresponding recesses, also referred to as “beads”, to the fact that lateral wheel forces are transmitted into the concrete. So describes the DE 101 39 198 A1 such a fastening for a rail element.
  • the angled guide plates referred to therein as “coupling links” each rest with a stop surface on a base plate. At the same time, they engage in corresponding recesses in the concrete sleeper.
  • the slab track is mostly a flat, continuous concrete slab, which instead of a superstructure made of gravel as Serves underground for the tracks.
  • rail pads and intermediate plates are mostly used, which are at least partially flexible. When a wheel of the rail vehicle rolls over it, the running or stock rail deflects due to the flexible mounting, which dampens noise and vibrations.
  • the rail or its rail support plate also referred to as a "sliding chair plate”
  • a height compensation plate it must be ensured that the transverse wheel force continues to be safely transferred into the concrete via the angle guide plate (s).
  • the WO 2007/082553 A1 propose to fix the position of the angled guide plates not via projections and corresponding depressions in the subsurface, but rather by means of support brackets that are attached to the subsurface next to the angled guide plates.
  • a disadvantage of this system is that the support brackets require a separate fastening implemented by screws and dowels. While a total of four screw / dowel fastenings are required per anchoring, the conventional system without a support bracket only requires two fastenings, since the tension clamp and the angle guide plate are fastened simultaneously with one screw. Due to component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances, particularly of the concrete body, it is in the prior art also difficult to evenly distribute the lateral force among the multiple installed fasteners. In this sense the system according to the WO 2007/082553 A1 technically overdetermined.
  • One object of the invention is to provide an improved rail fastening system for fastening a rail to a substrate, preferably a solid roadway, in particular to implement height compensation in a structurally simple manner.
  • the rail fastening system according to the invention is used to fasten a rail to a substrate.
  • the subsurface is preferably a solid roadway, such as a concrete base.
  • the rail fastening system can also be used on other substrates, for example railway sleepers.
  • the rail fastening system has at least one holding member for mounting or bracing the rail on the ground.
  • the rail fastening system is preferably used in pairs; ie two rail fastening systems are preferably provided per anchoring, which brace the rail or a rail support plate in the transverse direction to the left and right against the ground.
  • transverse direction here refers to the direction that is perpendicular to the plane formed by the longitudinal direction of the rail and the direction of gravity.
  • the transverse direction thus corresponds to the main direction of extent of a sleeper in the assembled state.
  • top, bottom, “vertical”, “vertical”, “transverse”, “longitudinal” etc. are clearly defined herein, since the rail and the rail fastening system in the assembled state are usually are used in a clear position.
  • the holding member has: an angled guide plate which is designed to divert transverse forces from the rail into the ground in the assembled state; and a shoulder part, which is designed to abut the angled guide plate in a butt-flush manner, preferably essentially in the transverse direction, and to lie positively in a recess in the base.
  • the shoulder part functions as a modular extension of the rail fastening system, which makes it possible to use holding members of conventional design even in the event of a possible height compensation, for example by using a spacer plate. This means that no further fasteners are required with screws and dowels. Any component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances, especially in the subsurface, can easily be compensated for and are essentially automatically compensated for during the assembly and / or bracing process.
  • the components set out herein can be designed not only in one part but also in several parts, unless one part is expressly indicated. If herein by a positive connection a partial form fit is enough; ie at least parts of the contours or geometries of the components involved correspond to one another.
  • the shoulder part preferably has a recess which is set up and dimensioned for the butt-flush support of the angled guide plate, in particular any projection on the underside thereof, whereby the transverse force is transmitted particularly safely and reliably from the angled guide plate to the shoulder part.
  • the projection or the shape of the underside of the angled guide plate is designed in such a way that, in the case of a substrate with a conventional bead geometry, it lies positively in the corresponding recess of the substrate. In this way, no modifications of any kind have to be made to the holding member in order to be applicable in connection with the shoulder part.
  • the shoulder part preferably has an underside which is set up to rest on a floor of the recess in the base, and an outer (seen in the transverse direction and relative to the rail) side wall which extends obliquely outward from the underside at an angle and to the plant is set up against a corresponding wall of the recess, whereby the form fit is realized in a safe and structurally simple manner.
  • the angle between the underside and the outer side wall is preferably selected such that a transverse force inclined slightly downwards in an angle in the range of 45 ° and 90 °, preferably essentially perpendicular, is on the outer side wall. In this way, the lateral wheel forces transmitted from the rails via the angled guide plate and the shoulder part are safely and reliably diverted into the ground.
  • the shoulder part also has an inner (seen in the transverse direction and relative to the rail) side wall which extends from the underside in one Angle extends obliquely inward, so that the shoulder part has a trapezoidal cross-section (perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the rail).
  • an improvement in the form fit optimizes the fit of the shoulder part and the precision of the bracing.
  • the rail fastening system preferably has a spacer plate for assembly between the rail and the ground.
  • the spacer plate enables any component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances to be compensated for, in particular of the concrete body in the case of a solid roadway.
  • the rail fastening system set out herein allows such height compensation without modifications to the rail fastening system having to be made.
  • the term “between” encompasses both a direct, contacting relationship and an indirect spatial arrangement.
  • the rail fastening system preferably has a rail support plate which is set up to hold the rail, the rail being in contact with the rail support plate in the assembled state, being fastened to it by means of a rail holder and the angled guide plate resting flush against an end face of the rail support plate.
  • the rail pad is, for example, a molded part made of steel.
  • the rail support plate has, for example, a rail holding section which determines the position of the rail on the rail support plate and contributes to holding the rail.
  • the rail is also preferably by one or more rail clamps and / or rail clamps against the Rail support plate clamped.
  • the rail holding section, the rail tensioning clamp and the rail tensioning bracket form an exemplary implementation for a rail holding device which is set up for fastening the rail on the rail support plate.
  • the rail fastening system presented here can also be used to compensate for different types and dimensions of rail pads in terms of height.
  • the rail fastening system preferably has at least one intermediate plate made of a flexible material, preferably with a dynamic stiffness of about 200 kN / mm or less, the intermediate plate being arranged between the substrate and the rail support plate in the assembled state.
  • the intermediate plate improves the mounting of the rail support plate and serves to decouple the impact and sound between the rail and the rail substrate. Such shock and acoustic decoupling is particularly effective and useful in the case of a solid roadway.
  • different types and dimensions of intermediate plates can also be compensated in height by the rail fastening system presented here.
  • the holding member preferably has a tension clamp which is set up to press the rail, preferably by contacting the rail support plate, with a defined force onto the substrate and / or the angled guide plate.
  • the holding member can be designed in such a way that its tensioning clamp engages over the ends of the rail support plate or a rail foot and presses downwards. In this way the rail is held in the vertical direction.
  • the tension clamp is preferably designed with a high vertical fatigue strength, the exact shape, material thickness and spring constant can vary depending on the application.
  • the angled guide plate is preferably set up to define the location and position and to support the tension clamp. In this way, the desired holding forces can be reliably and permanently implemented, and the transverse forces that occur during operation can be reliably derived.
  • the holding member has a dowel and a screw-shaped fastening element which is anchored in the ground by means of the dowel.
  • the holding member is particularly preferably set up in such a way that the dowel can be rotated out of the rail base from above. All components can thus be exchanged easily. This also applies in particular when the anchor is embedded in a concrete substrate. The maintenance of the rail fastening system, the replacement of components, etc. can be carried out without destroying or damaging the subsurface.
  • a rail track with a rail and at least one rail fastening system according to the above description, the rail being mounted by means of the rail fastening system on a substrate, preferably a fixed track.
  • the rail per anchoring is mounted on the ground by means of two rail fastening systems opposite one another in the transverse direction.
  • the rail fastening system is preferably used in pairs, as a result of which the rail or a rail support plate is braced in the transverse direction on the left and right against the ground.
  • the rail is preferably part of a switch.
  • the rail fastening system can be located, for example, in the tongue, intermediate rail and / or frog area of a switch.
  • the rail fastening system is universally adaptable and at the same time ensures reliable power transmission, in particular the transverse force, from the wheel of a rail vehicle into the ground.
  • the rail fastening system shown in Figures 1 and 2 , has a rail support plate 1, also referred to as a "slide chair plate", for holding a rail 2 attached to it.
  • the rail support plate 1 is, for example, a molded part made of steel and, together with other components of the rail fastening system, serves to anchor the rail 2 securely on a substrate 3, which is preferably a solid concrete track.
  • the rail 2 is in the area of a switch. Because of this, the Figure 1 another rail section 2 'is shown in two positions. The rail section 2 'rests on a corresponding section of the rail support plate 1 and is in the transverse direction (the left / right direction in the illustration of FIG Figure 1 ) adjustable. It should be noted that the rail fastening system can also be used outside a switch, in the normal track area. The exact shape of the rail support plate 1 can be adapted to the respective application environment and rail geometry.
  • the rail support plate 1 has a rail holding section 1 a, which determines the position of the rail 2 on the rail support plate 1 and contributes to holding the rail 2.
  • the rail 2 is further braced against the rail support plate 1 by one or more rail tensioning clamps 1b and / or rail tensioning bracket 1c.
  • the rail holding section 1a, the rail tensioning clamp 1b and the rail tensioning bracket 1c form an exemplary implementation for a rail holder which is set up for fastening the rail 2 on the rail support plate 1.
  • An intermediate plate 4, which is part of the rail fastening system, made of a flexible material can be arranged between the rail support plate 1 and the substrate 3.
  • the intermediate plate 4 is, for example, a highly elastic plate made of an elastomer and preferably has a dynamic stiffness of about 200 kN / mm or less.
  • the intermediate plate 4 guarantees optimal storage of the rail support plate 1 and serves to decouple the impact and sound between the rail 2 and the substrate 3.
  • the rail fastening system has a spacer plate 5, also referred to as a "height compensation plate", which is preferably located under the intermediate plate 4 in order to compensate for any height tolerances in the subsurface 3.
  • the spacer plate 5 can be made of a metal or a plastic.
  • the intermediate plate 4 and the spacer plate 5 can also be realized jointly by a single plate, which in this case is also referred to as a "spacer plate” to make it clear that this plate can have different thicknesses depending on the application position to avoid any differences in height of the subsurface 3, which occur in particular in the case of a solid roadway, to be able to compensate.
  • the height compensation by the spacer plate is preferably 5 up to 20 mm.
  • the rail support plate 1 is fixed in its position on the substrate 3 via two holding members 6. On each side in the transverse direction, one of the holding members 6 (more precisely, their angled guide plates 8, described below) is positioned flush in front of an end face of the rail support plate 1.
  • the end faces of the rail support plate 1 and the holding members 6 that are in contact can have corresponding shapes (projections, depressions, etc.) in order to realize a form-fitting connection. In this way, longitudinal wandering of the rail support plate 1 is prevented.
  • the holding members 6 and / or the rail support plate 1 can have other or additional means for form-fitting and / or have a non-positive connection in order to ensure that the rail support plate is securely held on the substrate 3.
  • the holding members 6 each have a tension clamp 7 which overlaps the ends of the rail support plate 1 and press them against the substrate 3 with a defined force. In this way, the rail shim 1 is held in the vertical direction.
  • the tension clamps 7 are designed with optimal tensioning force and a high vertical fatigue strength, the exact shape, material thickness and spring constant can vary depending on the application.
  • the holding members 6 also each have an angled guide plate 8, the undersides of which each have a projection 8a.
  • the projection 8a or the shape of the underside of the angled guide plate 8 is designed in such a way that, in the case of conventional assembly, it would lie positively in the corresponding recess of the subsurface, for example on a sleeper with conventional bead geometry.
  • the angled guide plates 8 are used for the defined guidance and support of the tension clamps 7 and are shaped in such a way that the lateral wheel forces are diverted outwards into the ground 3.
  • the angled guide plates 8 each have a through opening 8b through which a corresponding fastening element 9 passes.
  • the fastening element 9 is designed as a screw which is anchored in the substrate 3 via a dowel 10. All components of the rail fastening system are both braced against one another and anchored on the substrate 3 by tightening the screw-shaped fastening element 9.
  • the angled guide plate 8 is in direct contact with the rail support plate 1.
  • the angled guide plate 8 can be inserted into a frame (not shown) provided for this purpose. for example, in order to be able to equip the rail fastening system with different types of angle guide plates 8 in a modular manner.
  • the rail fastening system In order to be able to safely divert the transverse wheel forces occurring during operation into the subsurface 3 via the angled guide plates 8, even in the case of height compensation by means of a spacer plate 5, intermediate plate 4 and the like, the rail fastening system also has two shoulder parts 11 which are butt-flush on each side in the transverse direction a corresponding angle guide plate 8 are positioned.
  • the shoulder parts 11 lie positively in a corresponding recess 3a in the substrate 3.
  • the shape of the recesses 3a i.e. the bead geometry, generally differs from that of a rail fastening system without height compensation, i.e. in particular from that of a conventional railway sleeper.
  • the shoulder parts 11 each have a recess 11a which are set up and dimensioned for the butt-flush support of the angled guide plates 8.
  • the recess 11a corresponds, for example, approximately to a conventional bead geometry, so that the projection 8a of the angled guide plate in the assembled state lies positively and / or non-positively in the recess 11a.
  • the shoulder parts 11 have an underside 11b (cf. Figure 2 ), which rests on the bottom of the recess 3a of the substrate 3.
  • side walls 11c seen in the transverse direction, extend trapezoidally, that is to say obliquely upwards. These are in flat contact with corresponding walls of the recess 3a, as a result of which a form fit between the recess 3a and the shoulder part 11 is achieved.
  • the form fit, especially the angle between the underside 11b and the outer side wall 11c is selected so that the transverse force F (cf. Figure 1 ) is safely diverted into the subsurface 3 without the anchoring tending to loosen.
  • the transverse force F and the outer side wall 11c preferably form an angle in the range from 45 ° to 90 °, particularly preferably essentially or in the vicinity of 90 °.
  • the shoulder part 11 thus functions as a modular extension of the rail fastening system, which makes it possible to use holding members 6 of conventional design and quality also in the case of height compensation presented here. In particular, no further fastening means using screws and dowels are necessary.
  • two holding members 6 are sufficient, the fastening elements 9 of which at the same time brace and fasten the associated tensioning clamps 7, angled guide plates 8 and shoulder parts 11. Any component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances, in particular in the substrate 3, can easily be compensated and are essentially automatically compensated for during the tensioning process.
  • the rail fastening system presented here is particularly suitable for mounting on a solid roadway made of concrete, the dowels 10 being embedded in the concrete and at any time after installation without dismantling the rail support plate 1 can be turned up and replaced. All components can thus be exchanged easily. It should be pointed out that the rail fastening system can also be used on conventional railway sleepers without a spacer plate 5 and / or an intermediate plate 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
EP20173601.4A 2019-05-29 2020-05-08 Système de fixation de rail Pending EP3744893A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019207929.6A DE102019207929A1 (de) 2019-05-29 2019-05-29 Schienenbefestigungssystem

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3744893A1 true EP3744893A1 (fr) 2020-12-02

Family

ID=70681630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20173601.4A Pending EP3744893A1 (fr) 2019-05-29 2020-05-08 Système de fixation de rail

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20200378069A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3744893A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112012052B (fr)
BR (1) BR102020007741A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019207929A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2736157C1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201610661D0 (en) * 2016-06-17 2016-08-03 Gantry Railing Ltd Rail Fastening Device
DE102018117453A1 (de) 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Schwihag Ag Gleis- Und Weichentechnik Schienenbefestigungssystem

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DE202013103235U1 (de) * 2013-06-12 2013-08-08 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh Schienenbefestigungspunkt und Unterlegplatte für einen solchen Schienenbefestigungspunkt

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DE2600416B1 (de) * 1976-01-08 1977-03-17 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh, 5980 Werdohl Höhenverstellbare Schienenbefestigung
DE10139198A1 (de) 2001-08-16 2003-04-03 Vossloh Werke Gmbh Befestigung einer in einen Schienenweg eingebauten Weiche auf einem Oberbau
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DE102010038442A1 (de) * 2010-07-27 2012-02-02 Strabag Rail Gmbh Elastische Schienendirektbefestigung mit Höhenausgleichsmöglichkeit
DE202013103235U1 (de) * 2013-06-12 2013-08-08 Vossloh-Werke Gmbh Schienenbefestigungspunkt und Unterlegplatte für einen solchen Schienenbefestigungspunkt

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Publication number Publication date
BR102020007741A2 (pt) 2020-12-29
DE102019207929A1 (de) 2020-12-03
CN112012052A (zh) 2020-12-01
RU2736157C1 (ru) 2020-11-12
CN112012052B (zh) 2022-10-04
US20200378069A1 (en) 2020-12-03

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