EP3683178A1 - Mast with elevator and staff security, in particular crane mast for a rotating tower crane - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mast (1), in particular a crane mast for a tower crane, with an ascent (2), an elevator (3) which can be moved within the mast cross section (4), and with a personal protection system (5) by means of which access is possible to the ascent (2) is released or prevented, the personal protection system (5) having a warning device (6) which generates a warning signal (7) when access to the ascent (2) is released.

Description

The invention relates to a mast, in particular a crane mast for a tower crane, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In general, an elevator that can be moved within the mast cross section has advantages in practice. These can be seen in particular in the fact that the elevator and mast or crane are completely coordinated, so that there are no questions and responsibilities for users for the safety-compliant design of critical transfers between the elevator and mast or crane. The internal arrangement of the elevator also saves time in assembling and disassembling the elevator compared to an external elevator. The wind loads for the mast or tower crane due to the internal elevator are comparatively lower than for an external elevator arranged outside the mast.

On the other hand, an elevator arranged inside the mast raises questions or danger points for people who are inside the mast and who can come into contact with the elevator. Safety lifts have established a safety distance of 0.5 m from moving parts for construction lifts. Such a safety distance can hardly be realized if the The crane mast has a corner dimension of only 1.6 m and the elevator should be able to transport at least one, if not two, people. This is where the invention comes in to prevent possible injuries to people who are staying and moving within the mast.

A crane mast with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is for example from the EP 2 724 973 B1 known. According to this document, access to at least one crane ladder and / or to at least one crane driver elevator is secured by an access control system, a controller being provided which controls the drive of the crane driver elevator as a function of the access control system of at least one crane ladder. For example, access to the crane ladder or the crane elevator is secured via one or more access doors. Such an access door can be located both at the lower entry area and at the upper entry area for the elevator. It is described as particularly advantageous that the energy supply to the crane driver lift is deactivated as soon as access to the crane lift is released.

The invention has for its object to provide a mast of the type mentioned, which is safe and simple.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a mast with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

The mast according to the invention, in particular a crane mast for a tower crane, has an ascent, an elevator which can be experienced within the mast cross section, and a personal protection system by means of which access to the ascent is enabled or prevented. However, the elevator is not used, for example, exclusively to be able to quickly transport a crane operator from the foot of the mast to a crane operator's cabin provided at the upper end or head of the mast. According to the invention, the personal protection system has a warning device which generates a warning signal when access to the ascent is enabled. With the help of such a warning signal, people who are in stay near the mast or within the mast cross-section, informed that access to the ascent is open. This warning signal applies especially to a person who wants to use the ascent and is informed that the elevator can also be moved at the same time, so that a stay within the mast cross section should be carried out with special care and attention. The warning signal of the warning device thus does not interrupt the power supply of the elevator, as in the prior art mentioned at the outset, but rather informs one or more persons that an ascent and at the same time a movement of the elevator is possible, so that further actions must be carried out with particular care. The warning signal is therefore an additional signal that clearly indicates to users and thus potentially endangered people that a person could be on the ascent.

The warning device advantageously generates an acoustic and / or visual warning signal, the warning signal preferably being able to be generated at the elevator and / or at the lower and upper access to the ascent. This ensures that the warning signal can be heard at any time and at any relevant location on the mast. At the same time, "unskilled" use of the ascent and the elevator is largely ruled out.

According to a further development, the personal protection system has at least one access device which enables access to the ascent and blocks the travel path for the elevator or which blocks access to the ascent and releases the travel path for the elevator. The access device is advantageously designed in the sense of a double action so that it automatically blocks the travel path for the elevator when the access to the ascent is released and automatically releases the travel path for the elevator when the access to the ascent is blocked. This enables either access to the ascent or the travel path for the elevator. Conversely, either blocking access to the ascent or blocking the travel path for the elevator is possible.

According to a preferred development, the access device is a blocking plate which, from its position which has released access to the ascent and thereby blocks the travel path for the elevator, into its access to the ascent blocking and thereby releasing the travel path for the elevator and vice versa, preferably pivotable. This ensures in a simple and safe manner that either access to the ascent or the travel route is cleared for the elevator. Conversely, it is ensured that either access to the ascent or the travel path for the elevator is blocked. Blocking the access to the ascent thus automatically releases the travel path for the elevator, conversely, releasing the access to the ascent automatically blocks the travel path for the elevator. A pivotable locking plate is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and is a simple way to enable or block access to the ascent or the travel path for the elevator.

According to another preferred development of the invention, the locking plate is pivotally attached to the ascent or to an elevator door and is provided with a limit switch which, connected to the warning device, triggers the warning signal as soon as the locking plate releases access to the ascent and blocks the path for the elevator Position is pivoted and actuated the limit switch at least in this position. The limit switch thus easily detects the position of the locking plate. As soon as the limit switch is actuated, it automatically triggers the warning signal via the warning device.

Advantageously, a lower floor module is provided at the lower access to the ascent and an upper floor module for the elevator at the upper access to the ascent, and an access device is arranged both above the lower floor module and below the upper floor module. This ensures that the ascent is secured in both directions, i.e. from bottom to top or from top to bottom.

According to another development, the top and bottom of the elevator have a sensitive device which forms a collision protection and which causes the elevator to stop as soon as there is an obstacle in the travel path of the elevator. An emergency stop can therefore be triggered in particular if the Access device designed as a locking plate is pivoted into the travel path for the elevator and thereby blocks the latter.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Mast mit einem Aufstieg, einem Aufzug und einem Personenschutzsystem in dessen den Zugang zum Aufstieg blockierenden Stellung;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Draufsicht gemäß Fig. 1 mit dem Personenschutzsystem in dessen den Zugang zum Aufstieg freigebenden Stellung;

Fig. 3

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem unteren Etagenmodul vorgesehene Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem unteren Etagenmodul vorgesehene Anordnung gemäß Fig. 2;

Fig. 5

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem oberen Etagenmodul vorgesehene Anordnung in ihrer den Zugang zu dem Aufstieg blockierenden Stellung;

Fig. 6

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem oberen Etagenmodul vorgesehene Anordnung in ihrer den Zugang zu dem Aufstieg freigebenden Stellung;

Fig. 7

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem unteren Etagenmodul vorgesehenen Anordnung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform; und

Fig. 8

eine schematische, teilweise Vorderansicht der an einem oberen Etagenmodul vorgesehenen Anordnung gemäß d er weiteren Ausführungsform.

Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, with all of the features described and / or illustrated individually or in any combination forming the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of how they are summarized in the claims or their relationship. Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic plan view of a mast with an ascent, an elevator and a personal protection system in its position blocking access to the ascent;

Fig. 2

a schematic plan view according to Fig. 1 with the personal protection system in its position allowing access to the ascent;

Fig. 3

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on a lower tier module according to Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 4

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on a lower tier module according to Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 5

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on an upper floor module in its position blocking access to the ascent;

Fig. 6

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on an upper floor module in its position releasing access to the ascent;

Fig. 7

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on a lower floor module according to a further embodiment; and

Fig. 8

is a schematic, partial front view of the arrangement provided on an upper floor module according to the further embodiment.

In Fig. 1 a schematic plan view of a mast 1 is shown. The mast is particularly but not exclusively a crane mast for a tower crane. The mast 1 has an ascent 2, an elevator 3, which within the mast cross section 4 (in Fig. 1 only indicated schematically) along the arrows A (see 3, 4 and 7 ) upwards and B (see 5, 6 and 8th ) can be moved downwards, and a personal protection system 5 by means of which access to the ascent 2 is enabled or prevented.

The term "ascent" is used here in a general, comprehensive sense and includes an upward and downward movement.

The elevator 3 is preferably, but not exclusively, a crane driver's elevator with which a crane driver can be quickly transported from one foot of the mast to its head, for example to a crane driver's cabin (not shown in more detail).

The personal protection system 5 has a warning device 6 which generates a warning signal 7 when access to the ascent 2 is enabled. The warning device 6 generates, for example, an acoustic and / or optical warning signal 7, which in the Fig. 2 , 4th , 6 to 8 is only indicated schematically. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the warning signal 7 on the elevator 3 (see 5, 6 and 8th ) and / or at the bottom and at the top access to the ascent 2. Several warning devices 6 can therefore be provided. The lower entrance to ascent 2 is in the 1 to 4 , 7 , the upper entrance to climb 2 in the 5, 6 and 8th shown.

The personal protection system 5 has at least one access device 10 which enables access to the ascent 2 and blocks the route to the elevator 3 (see Fig. 2 , 4th , 6 to 8 ) or blocks access to ascent 2 and clears the route for elevator 3 (see Fig. 1 , 3rd and 5 ).

According to another embodiment, not shown in detail, the access device can also be designed such that when the ascent is released, the travel path of the elevator is not necessarily or automatically blocked and vice versa. In such embodiments, it could therefore be possible that the ascent is released and the route for the elevator is not blocked and thus also released, or that the ascent is blocked and the route for the elevator is not released and thus also blocked. In this embodiment, therefore, releasing the ascent is not necessarily coupled with blocking the travel path for the elevator, and blocking the ascent is not necessarily coupled with releasing the travel path for the elevator. In preferred embodiments shown in the figures, however, releasing the ascent automatically closes the travel path for the elevator, or blocking the ascent automatically releases the travel path for the elevator.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the access device 10 is a locking plate 11. The locking plate 11 is from its position which enables access to the ascent 2 and thereby blocks the travel path for the elevator 3 into its position which blocks the access to the access 2 and thereby the travel path for the elevator 3 releasing position and vice versa, preferably pivotable. Moving the locking plate 11 from its position blocking access to ascent 2 to its position releasing access thus automatically leads to a position blocking the travel path for elevator 3.

According to the 1 and 2 the locking plate 11 is pivotable on the ascent 2 or according to the 7 and 8 attached to an elevator door 21 described below and each provided with a limit switch 12. The limit switch 12 is connected to the warning device 6 (not shown in more detail) and triggers the warning signal 7 as soon as the locking plate 11 has been pivoted into its position which enables access to the ascent 2 and blocks the travel path for the elevator 3 and at least in this position Limit switch 12 actuated. According to a preferred embodiment, the limit switch 12 is already actuated and the warning signal 7 is triggered as soon as the locking plate 11 blocks its access to the ascent Has left the position before the locking plate has completely assumed its position blocking the travel path for the elevator.

1 to 4 , 7 make it clear that a lower tier module 13 is provided at the lower entrance to the ascent 2. Further clarify the 5, 6 and 8th an upper tier module 14 at the upper access to the ascent 2.

The term "floor module" is here, in contrast to the usual technical language, understood in a general, comprehensive sense and encompasses the entire area in which the elevator can be entered or exited, including all related control and safety devices.

As continues in the 1 to 8 shown an access device 10 is arranged both above the lower floor module 13 and below the upper floor module 14. As explained above, the storey modules form the lower or upper stopping point for the elevator 3, at which the elevator can be left or climbed.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the elevator 3 has on its upper side 15 and on its lower side 16 a sensitive device 17 which forms a collision protection. The sensitive device 17 is only in the 3 and 4 indicated by dashed lines. It is clear that such a sensitive facility is also suitable for those in the 1 and 2 and 5 to 8 elevators 3 shown. The sensitive device 17 causes the moving elevator 3 to stop as soon as there is an obstacle in the travel path of the elevator.

A split platform 20 is provided on the lower and on the upper tier module 13, 14, but is only arranged in the area of the ascent 2. No platform is provided in the area of the elevator 3. The elevator 3 can thus move freely from the lower floor module 13 to the upper floor module 14 and vice versa. The transition between the area of the ascent 2 and the area of the elevator 3 is separated by an elevator door 21 on each of the two floor modules 13, 14, so that people on the platform 20 are not in contact with the moving elevator 3 can come. The handling of the elevator doors can be designed in such a way that the latter can only be opened when the elevator is in the idle state on the relevant module.

According to the in the 7 and 8 shown, further embodiment of the invention, the access device 10, for example in the form of a locking plate 11, is attached to the elevator door 21 or to a frame or fastening part thereof. As already with regard to the 1 to 6 described, the locking plate 11 is also according to the in the 7 and 8 shown double arrows D can be pivoted and thus transferred from a position that releases access to the ascent and blocks the travel path for the elevator into a position that blocks access to the ascent and releases the travel path for the elevator and vice versa. As in the 7 and 8 indicated, the locking plate 11 at the upper end of the elevator door 21 (see Fig. 7 ) or at the lower end of the elevator door 21 (see Fig. 8 ) be attached so that the elevator door can serve in the sense of a double effect on the one hand to block or release access to the elevator, and on the other hand can also serve as fastening means for the locking plate or the access device. In the 7 and 8 the position releasing the ascent and thus blocking the travel path for the elevator is shown in solid lines. It is clear that the locking plate 11 can also be moved into the position blocking the ascent and thus releasing the travel path for the elevator, which is only shown in FIG Fig. 7 is shown in dashed lines. The respective limit switches are in the 7 and 8 omitted for simplicity.

It is pointed out that the locking plate or generally the access device can also be attached as a roof to a storey door, also called a storey door, which can be folded down. A barrier plate designed in this way either blocks the ascent or the travel path for the elevator, unless the ladder and the travel path are too far apart. In the latter case, only the travel path for the elevator would then be blocked or released, without this having any direct effects on the release or blocking of the ascent. In this respect, the access device can also be arranged above the lower storey door and below the upper storey door.

The elevator is usually guided on a guide element 22 within the mast 1 (see 1 and 2 ). A control device 23 is also provided on the respective floor module. The control device 23 can be used to open the respective elevator door 21 and to "call" the elevator 3. The control device 23 is only in the 1 and 2 shown and in the 3 to 8 omitted for the sake of clarity.

A hatch 24 is provided in each platform 20. Each hatch 24 can consist of a right and a left part, which can be folded up according to the arrows C (see Fig. 3 ). In a state covering the platform 20, both parts of the hatch 24 are in a horizontal plane; in the open state both parts of the hatch are folded up in the direction of arrows C and are parallel to each other in a vertical position (in Fig. 3 indicated by dashed lines). If the crane operator does not want to take the elevator from the foot of the mast up to the head of the mast or vice versa, he can open the hatch in the respective platform and ascend or descend via the ladder 2, for example in the form of a ladder.

Usually the elevator 3 cannot move to the lowest point of the mast 1; rather, it stops at the lowest platform, in the present exemplary embodiment at the lower tier module 13. This is in the 3 and 4 indicated, in each of which a ladder part is shown below the lower tier module 13, via which, for example, a crane operator can reach the platform 20. In this respect, the crane operator usually climbs onto the lowest platform and from there into the elevator using part of the ladder. Using the elevator, the crane operator then moves in the direction of the mast head and usually gets out on the upper platform in the area of the upper floor module 14 directly below a crane driver's cabin, not shown in any more detail. The crane operator ultimately uses part of the ladder the last meters in altitude to the crane operator's cabin. This is in the 5 and 6 indicated, in each of which a conductor part leads from the upper tier module 14 further up.

The described invention is used in particular when a person wants to use the ascent 2 and at the same time the elevator 3 can be moved. In this case, there is a risk that a person will move away from the ascent into the area of the elevator and come into contact with the moving elevator, which can lead to injuries to the person.

As a rule, the access device 10 designed as a locking plate 11 is now positioned in such a way that the path via the ascent, ie the path via the ladder, is blocked (see Fig. 1 , 3rd and 5 ). The hatch on the relevant floor module can be opened so that a person can access the platform at any time. The elevator door on the relevant floor module is usually closed. To be able to use the ascent, the locking plate must be pivoted away from the ladder and the area of the elevator. Now the ascent 2 is released and the route for the elevator 3 is blocked (see Fig. 2 , 4th and 6 ). The locking plate is located above the elevator (see Fig. 2 and 4th ) or below the elevator (see Fig. 6 ).

The position of the locking plate 11 is monitored by the respective limit switch 12. As soon as the locking plate 11 has left its position blocking the ascent 2, the limit switch 12 uses the warning device 6 to generate the warning signal 7, for example the sound of a siren or horn and / or the induction of an optical signal, for example by the lighting up of a warning lamp. This informs the crane operator, a person in the elevator or the person on the ascent that a special situation has occurred and there is a risk of injury.

As previously indicated, the warning signal 7 can be generated at the lower and at the upper access to the ascent, ie in the area of the floor modules, and at the elevator. Due to the aforementioned sensitive device 17 on the top and on the bottom of the elevator, the latter is stopped immediately by means of an emergency stop when the elevator approaches the barrier plate or hits it. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the locking plate including swivel hinge, bracket and limit switch is clamped onto the ladder of the ascent.

The position of the access device 10, that is to say the locking plate 11, is thus queried via the limit switch 12. As soon as the locking plate leaves its position blocking the ascent, the warning signal sounds or the optical signal is triggered.

This creates a mast, in particular a crane mast for a tower crane, which is safe and simple to set up and operate.

Claims (8)

Mast, in particular crane mast for a tower crane, with
an ascent (2),
an elevator (3) which can be moved within the mast cross section (4) and with a personal protection system (5) by means of which access to the ascent (2) is enabled or prevented,
characterized,
that the personal protection system (5) has a warning device (6) which generates a warning signal (7) when access to the ascent (2) is enabled. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the warning device (6) generates an acoustic and / or optical warning signal (7). Mast according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the warning signal (7) can be generated at the elevator (3) and / or at the lower and upper access to the ascent (2). Mast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the personal protection system (5) has at least one access device (10) which enables access to the ascent (2) and blocks the travel path for the elevator (3) or which blocks access to the ascent ( 2) blocked and the travel path for the elevator (3) released. Mast according to Claim 4, characterized in that the access device (10) is a locking plate (11) which, from its position which enables access to the ascent (2) and thereby blocks the travel path for the elevator (3), into its access to the ascent (2) blocking and thereby releasing the travel path for the elevator (3) and vice versa, preferably pivotable. Mast according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking plate (11) is pivotally attached to the ascent (2) or to an elevator door (21) and is provided with a limit switch (12) which, connected to the warning device (6), the warning signal (7 ) triggers as soon as the locking plate (11) is pivoted into its position which allows access to the ascent (2) and blocks the path for the elevator (3) and actuates the limit switch (12) at least in this position. Mast according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a lower floor module (13) is provided at the lower access to the ascent (2) and an upper floor module (14) for the elevator (3) is provided at the upper access to the ascent (2) and an access device (10) is arranged both above the lower tier module (13) and below the upper tier module (14). Mast according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elevator (3) has on its upper side (15) and its underside (16) a sensitive device (17) forming a collision protection, which brings the emergency elevator (3) to an emergency stop, as soon as there is an obstacle in the path of the elevator (3).

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