EP2325128B1 - Lift assembly for people and/or loads with at least one lift cabin - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a particular rope-mechanical elevator installation for persons and / or loads for connecting a plurality of development levels in a building with an elevator shaft having a shaft floor, a shaft ceiling and a shaft opening closable with a shaft door and a lift, which with a drive, a control, a skeleton and at least one elevator car is equipped, wherein the elevator car cabin walls, a car door, a cabin floor and a car ceiling comprises and is arranged on the skeleton.

For vertical transport of people and / or loads in buildings elevator systems are known. The elevator systems consist in principle of the technical component of the elevator and the structural component of the elevator shaft. An elevator with a cable for the vertical transport of persons and / or loads between different vertically superposed planes of a building is inter alia from the document US 1,164,115 known.

In modern elevators, the basic structure, ie the supporting structure, and the actual elevator car are independent elements of the elevator device. The framework is usually designed in the form of a flat frame with a cantilever-shaped receptacle, wherein the elevator car is fixedly mounted on this receptacle and the skeleton in the vertical direction has a greater extent than the elevator car.

To accommodate the necessary for the operation of the elevator installation technology and prescribed as a shelter for service personnel, the elevator shaft extends at its ends on the raw ceiling of the top development level and under the bare floor of the lowest level of access. Therefore, in a building on the floors above and below the development levels additional space, called over- and under-ride, provided be and / or exist in existing buildings. The underride on the one hand is necessary in order to accommodate a part of the elevator, for example, a part of the skeleton when approaching the lowest level of development, on the other serves the underpass as a shelter for service personnel, which at the shaft bottom, ie in the shaft below the elevator, could stop. For the shaft ceiling there are analogous requirements, whereby a crossing is common.

When retrofitting elevators in existing buildings, it is often not possible or only with great effort to realize a subway. The DE 202005 016 050 U1 describes an elevator in which a low altitude underpass can be realized. This is possible because the elevator car is arranged suspended on the supporting structure of the skeleton.

If, in the event of an irregular stop of the elevator, in particular between two levels of access, persons are to get out of the elevator car, there is a risk that these persons will fall through the opened shaft door into the shaft and injure themselves. To avoid this, a fixed covering, a so-called skirt, which closes the shaft opening below the elevator car, is usually provided on the underside of the elevator car. When approaching the lowest level, the apron plunges into the sufficiently dimensioned underpass.

Due to the physical constraints, an elevator installation usually has to be considered early in the planning of a building. The more difficult is the subsequent installation of an elevator system in an existing building, especially if the elevator system is not to open up all floors of a building. Out US 6 202 797 B1 An automatic protective device for lift mechanics has become known. It is about this guard to avoid that a lift mechanic who is in the elevator shaft, can be injured by the moving elevator car. For this purpose, it should be avoided that he, when he stands on the shaft floor, can be crushed by the moving down elevator car as well as that he - when he is on the elevator car - are crushed by their upward movement between the cabin and the shaft ceiling can. For this purpose it is disclosed that the lift mechanic 9 carries a portable device 11 in his uniform 10 or in his overalls with him, which cooperates wirelessly with sensors 25,26 or transmitters, which are mounted below and above the elevator car 17. Firstly, the lift mechanic 6 must always carry this device 11 with him and he must check its function before use. The device 11 is battery-operated and it is conceivable that the battery capacity is running out while the lift mechanic is working in the lift shaft, whereby his protection is no longer guaranteed. EP 1 110 900 A1 shows a manhole safety system, which has the goal to ensure a safe working space in the elevator shaft, when a person resides in it. According to column 3, line 53, a control system is activated, which prevents a lift car ride, except from that position in the lift shaft, which is located near the shaft door, which is equipped with the control system. The control system thus prevents an elevator car from backing down below a certain height to maintain a safety space of a minimum height, as it is valid for engine rooms. As described in column 5 from the last line to column 6, line 4, the control system can be overridden from the interior of the shaft, that is, by deliberate control, the elevator car can continue down into the shaft space, even if the lift fitter on the bottom of the light shaft stops! So a fitter could inadvertently shut down the elevator car in this way and notice too late what is happening and not stop the ride. He would be crushed! WO 97/23399 A shows motorized actuators, which are directly coupled with supports, which are extended if necessary, and then prevent in a vertical position further down the elevator car. However, the solution requires two actuators that are electrically powered and can fail. WO 2006/067542 Finally, a detection device in the form of an infrared curtain, whereby the presence of a person in the danger zone is detected, so that a crossing of the danger zone is prevented when the presence is detected.

The invention is therefore based on the object to perform an elevator system such that it can be retrofitted flexibly in an existing building or individually planable in a newly built building, the service staff is particularly well protected, especially if the Schachtboden must be entered. This necessary protection device should be as simple as possible, the staff should not carry any battery-powered devices with him, yes, no equipment at all for the realization of the protection must contribute. Rather, the protection should inevitably be guaranteed before and with entering the shaft floor absolutely safe and easy.

This object is achieved with a device according to the features of claim 1. The further embodiment of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, therefore, an elevator installation is provided, in which the clear vertical extent of the elevator installation between the shaft floor and the shaft ceiling is lower and / or equal to the distance between a raw ceiling of the uppermost development level and a subfloor of the lowest development level. This makes it possible to flexibly erect the elevator system in an existing building or to start with the planning of the elevator system in a new building at a much later date, in particular after completion of the shell.

It is advantageous that the elevator car can be entered from three sides through shaft openings. This makes it possible to operate the elevator system in buildings with irregular floor plans or complicated geometries.

So that the elevator car does not oscillate in the elevator shaft or even unintentionally touches the walls of the elevator shaft, the elevator car is guided by means of vertical rails arranged in the elevator shaft. The skeleton is connected via a cable to the drive, wherein the cable rests against a deflection roller. In rope-mechanical elevators, the skeleton is attached to a first end of the cable and attached to the other end of the cable a counterweight. The pulley is an element of the drive. It is favorable that the drive is arranged on the rails laterally of a movement space of the elevator car. This makes it possible that the drive does not protrude into the movement space of the elevator car.

It is favorable that, when the elevator car stops in the uppermost access level, the cabin ceiling is positioned at the same level as or above the drive. This makes it possible that the shaft ceiling is located lower or level with the raw ceiling of the uppermost development level.

A further advantage is that the cable is connected in the vicinity of the cabin floor with the skeleton, wherein the environment from the cabin floor, starting from the first third of the vertical extent of the elevator car includes. This makes it possible for the drive to be positionable in the elevator shaft in such a way that when the elevator car stops in the topmost development plane, the car ceiling is positioned above or in the area of the drive.

It is favorable that the framework has a cantilever arm in the region of the cabin ceiling, to which a pull rod is fastened with a first end, wherein a support is provided at a second end of the drawbar. This makes it possible that the loads of the cabin floor and / or the elevator car are removed via the support. Since the skeleton also has a support, the cabin floor is mounted on at least two sides. This makes it possible that the cabin floor has a low height.

An electrical or manual opening of the car door and the landing door is usually possible when the car floor is in the range of about 150 mm above or below the floor level. This makes it possible, during a leveling between cabin floor and access level, to begin the opening process of the car door and shaft door and thus shorten the residence time of the elevator car in a development level. It is favorable that by means of an additional door lock it is possible to open the car door and the landing door exclusively during an upward movement, a movement of the elevator car in the direction of the shaft ceiling. This makes it possible that the apron does not have to be constantly positioned parallel to the shaft door.

It is also advantageous that at least one apron is movably, in particular pivotally, foldably and / or hingedly, arranged on the cabin floor. This is it possible that the apron is released in case of malfunction of the elevator device from a holding device and due to the gravity of the apron or by means of an example electric drive to a position which is substantially parallel to the car door is moved. By the movable apron, as opposed to a rigid apron, can be largely dispensed with an underpass below the lowest level of access. This reduces the construction costs for the installation or retrofitting of a lift.

An emergency release of the trapped passengers can only be done by trained personnel. This ensures that the apron is positioned parallel to the shaft door before opening the cabin door. This makes it possible to avoid a crash of the passengers to be sheltered in the elevator shaft. As a further safety measure, the control is switched off with the triggering of the apron.

It is favorable that the apron is at least indirectly applied to this parallel to the cabin floor at this. This makes it possible that for the apron, which is locked in normal operation with the holding device in a horizontal orientation to the cabin floor and so always rests in a horizontal orientation closely to the cabin floor, no large space below the lowermost He closing level is needed.

It is favorable that the apron is in one or more parts. This makes it possible to cover even in lifts with a small footprint in the emergency exemption a large vertical shaft opening.

In cooperation with the additional door lock, which opens the cabin and landing door only when the level difference between the cabin floor and the floor is less than 25 mm, it is advantageous that a protective strip is fixedly arranged on the cabin floor. This makes it possible to prevent a person waiting for the elevator from moving their feet through the shaft door opening during the leveling and then clamping them between the elevator car and the floor slab.

It is favorable that the protective strip and the skirt extend over the entire width of the shaft opening and are made of a solid material. On the one hand, this design ensures that the skirt covers a resulting opening of the shaft in the entire width of the shaft. By performing in a solid material, a yielding of the protective strip and / or the skirt is avoided in the application.

It is favorable that the protective strip has an angled region, which is oriented to a side of the protective strip facing away from the shaft opening. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of crushing the feet.

It is particularly advantageous that the skirt can be guided by means of a rail positioned in particular laterally of the skirt. This makes it possible to carry out a one-piece or multi-part apron in such a way that it requires no separate release, but is always in a position of use. It is possible to move the skirt at the approach of the elevator to the shaft bottom from a substantially vertical position in a space-saving, in particular horizontal position by means of the rail. When the elevator car moves up again, the apron moves back to the deployed position.

It is favorable that the protective strip is arranged on a side facing the shaft opening between the skirt and shaft opening. This makes it possible to arrange the protective strip as close as possible to the shaft opening, whereby the effectiveness of the protective strip to reduce the risk of crushing the feet, is improved.

To protect the passengers, it is also advantageous to provide devices for hazard prevention. It is particularly favorable that the car door has an additional security. This makes it possible that the car door is not open from the interior of the elevator car at a stop of the elevator car between the floors. Trapped persons can not open the door independently, which prevents the danger of falling.

In order to avoid the injury of service personnel in the elevator shaft during maintenance work, it is favorable that Aufsetzelemente are provided on the cabin ceiling and in the region of the shaft bottom. This makes it possible that the elevator car can not be moved to the shaft ceiling and / or the shaft bottom when the Aufsetzelemente have been brought into working position. It is particularly favorable that the attachment elements can be folded out as supports from a wall of the elevator shaft. This makes it possible to store these in normal operation of the elevator outside of the elevator shaft final shaft floor, whereby the required volume of space between the shaft bottom and the elevator car may be less than usual.

It is advantageous that the control of the operation of the elevator system in a regular driving operation, an inspection trip and an emergency operation is possible. This makes it possible to operate the elevator system in different operating conditions.

To protect the service personnel, it is also advantageous to provide devices for hazard prevention. It is particularly favorable that the shaft bottom can only be entered through the lower shaft opening. It is also favorable that an emergency release of the shaft door of the lower shaft opening is monitored by sensors. This makes it possible that the control of the elevator is switched off when entering the shaft floor for the regular driving operation.

It is particularly favorable that during a downward movement, a movement of the elevator car in the direction of the shaft bottom, during the emergency unlocking of the shaft door of the lower shaft opening, the downward travel is interrupted by a safety gear of the elevator. This makes it possible, during maintenance work on the floor of the hoistway to preclude a downward movement of the elevator in any case.

The control of the lift can be switched off during maintenance work by means of an emergency stop button. It is particularly favorable that in the emergency unlocking of the shaft door of the lower shaft opening the service personnel by means of an optical and / or acoustic signaling to the erection and / or unfolding of the Aufsetzelemente is recollected. In this case, Aufsetzelemente can be used, in which the control can be switched off by the erection and / or unfolding of the Aufsetzelemente for the Regelfahrbetrieb.

In order to avoid injuries to the service personnel traveling on the cabin ceiling for maintenance work, the control of the drive can be influenced by safety devices. It is particularly favorable that the cabin ceiling is accessible only by sensory monitored shaft openings. This makes it possible, when opening one of the shaft openings occlusive shaft doors to change the control to the operating state "inspection trip", whereby the operation of the elevator is locked by indoor and outdoor commands.

It is favorable that by means of an emergency stop button the control for the regular driving operation can be switched off. This makes it possible to prevent an unwanted ride of the elevator during maintenance.

It is also favorable that with the erection and / or unfolding of the Aufsetzelemente on the cabin ceiling, the inspection trip is possible. This makes it possible that for the person on the elevator car always a sufficient shelter is available. Basically, the route of an inspection trip by means of a safety circuit is completed about 2000 mm before the theoretical contact of the elevator car with the shaft ceiling, in case of failure of the control of the inspection trip by means of a second safety switch the inspection trip is switched off. Furthermore, it is possible through these technical protection devices to realize the shaft ceiling in a level with the raw ceiling of the upper development level. This is particularly advantageous for retrofitting, for example in listed buildings, advantageous since a space above the upper development level is not needed.

It is particularly favorable that a person entering the cabin ceiling by means of a visual and / or acoustic signaling to the erection and / or unfolding of the Aufsetzelemente is recollected. Whether during maintenance work on the shaft floor or during inspection trips on the cabin ceiling, is advantageous it is that after resetting all safety switches and closing the shaft doors, the control for the regular driving operation is switched off. As a result, an unwanted resumption of regular driving by the service personnel or by third parties can be avoided.

Moreover, it is advantageous that after actuation of a switch in a control cabinet of the elevator system, the control is reset to normal control operation. This makes it possible that the service personnel can initiate the normal operation of the elevator until all safety measures have been lifted.

Fig. 1

einen Schnitt durch ein Gebäude mit einer Aufzuganlage;

Fig. 2

eine geschnittene und vergrößerte Darstellung eines Abschnitts der in Figur 1 gezeigten Aufzuganlage in der obersten Erschließungsebene;

Fig. 3

eine geschnittene und vergrößerte Darstellung eines Abschnitts der in Figur 1 gezeigten Aufzuganlage in einer beliebigen Erschließungsebene;

Fig. 4

eine geschnittene und vergrößerte Darstellung eines Abschnitts der in Figur 1 gezeigten Aufzuganlage in der untersten Erschließungsebene;

Fig. 5

eine geschnittene und vergrößerte Darstellung eines in Figur 4 gezeigten Aufsetzelements in Ruhestellung;

Fig. 6

eine geschnittene und vergrößerte Darstellung eines in Figur 4 gezeigten Aufsetzelements in Funktionsstellung.

The invention allows for various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and will be described below. This shows in

Fig. 1

a section through a building with an elevator system;

Fig. 2

a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation in the highest development level;

Fig. 3

a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation in an arbitrary development level;

Fig. 4

a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation in the lowest development level;

Fig. 5

a sectional and enlarged view of an in FIG. 4 shown Aufsetzelements in the rest position;

Fig. 6

a sectional and enlarged view of an in FIG. 4 shown Aufsetzelements in functional position.

FIG. 1 shows a section through a building 3 with an elevator system 1. The elevator system 1 consists of an elevator shaft 4 and a lift 9. The Elements of the elevator 9 are an elevator car 13, which is fastened to a skeleton 12, wherein the skeleton 12 is connected via a cable 21 to a drive 10. For operation of the elevator installation 1, the elevator 9 is furthermore equipped with a controller 11, by means of which an upward movement 28 and a downward movement 27 of the elevator car 13 in different operating states is possible. The skeleton 12 of the elevator 9 is guided on a running rail 20 on which the drive is positioned. The elevator installation 1 is installed in a building 3. The elevator installation 1 extends only over three development levels 2 of the five floors of the building 3. The vertical extent of the elevator installation 1 is limited by the shaft floor 5 and the shaft ceiling 6. This vertical extent between the shaft floor 5 and the shaft ceiling 6 is lower and / or equal to the distance between a raw ceiling 18 of the uppermost development level and a subfloor 19 of the lowest development level 2. Such an elevator system 1 can be flexibly erected in an existing building 3, since only the ceilings and floors between the uppermost access level 2 and the lowest level of development must be broken. The floors above and below the development levels 2 remain unaffected by the elevator system 1. The raw ceiling 18 of the uppermost access level 2 and the unfinished floor 19 of the lowest level of development 2 need not be broken for the installation and operation of the elevator installation 1. The development levels 2 are connected to the elevator shaft 4 through shaft openings 8, which can be closed by means of shaft doors 7.

The Figures 2 . 3 and 4 show a sectioned and enlarged view of the in FIG. 1 Here is a cabin floor 16 of the elevator car 13 in the same level as the top of a floor structure 32 in the development level 2. The floor structure 32 includes all structures that are applied to the unprocessed floor 19, such as underfloor heating, screed, hollow floors with piping and Flooring. The space termination of the elevator car 13 is achieved by means of at least one cabin wall 14, the cabin floor 16 and the car ceiling 17. The cabin floor is made of wood or a composite material, in particular Alucobond plate, and has a material thickness of about 20 mm. From the development level 2 is the Elevator car accessible through the shaft opening 8. The elevator car 13 is held by at least one support 26, which is connected via a pull rod 25 to a cantilever arm 24 of the backbone 12. The skeleton 12 is connected via a cable 21 to the drive 10 and is guided in the elevator shaft 4 by means of a running rail 20. The drive 10 is positioned on the running rail 20, but under the raw ceiling 18 of the development level 2. The cable 21 is attached to the skeleton 12 in an environment of the cabin floor 16. The environment comprises starting from the cabin floor 16, the first Drfttel the vertical extent of the elevator car 13. In a disruption of the elevator device 1, the elevator car 13 could be fixed between two levels of access. If persons trapped in the elevator car 13 are released, there is a risk that they will slide through the shaft opening 8 below the elevator car 13 when the shaft door 7 is open and fall into the elevator shaft 4. In order to prevent such a crash, it is possible to release an apron 29 arranged movably on the cabin floor 16 from a holding device and to move it into a position which is substantially parallel to the car door 15. The car door 15 and the landing door 7 are usually opened only when the level difference between the car floor 16 and the upper edge of the floor structure 32 of the development level 2 is less than 25 mm. In order to prevent a person waiting for the elevator 9 from moving their feet through the landing door 7 opening during the leveling and then clamping the foot between the elevator car 13 and the floor structure 32, a fixed protective strip 30 is arranged on the car floor 16 ,

FIG. 2 shows a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation 1 with an elevator shaft 4 and a lift 9, wherein the elevator car 13 is positioned below the shaft ceiling 6 in the uppermost access level 2. FIG. 2 further shows that the shaft opening 8 can be closed by means of the shaft door 7 which is moved in a door guide 35. In the area of the landing door 7, a car door 15 with a car door drive 36 is arranged in the elevator car 13.

FIG. 3 shows a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation 1, wherein the elevator car 13 in the Elevator shaft 4 is positioned in the region of any access level 2. The FIG. 2 shows a rope-mechanical elevator 9. In the rope-mechanical elevator 9, the cable 21, which carries the elevator car 13 and at the other end a counterweight 33 at one end via the skeleton 12, guided over a traction sheave of the drive 10. The cable 21 is not attached to the traction sheave, but is held and moved by the friction. The protective strip 30 has an angled region 31 oriented toward a side of the protective strip 30 facing away from the shaft opening 8, which makes it possible to reduce the crushing risk for the feet. An attachment of the skeleton 12 on the in the FIGS. 1 and 4 shown shaft bottom 5 is attenuated by a buffer 34.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional and enlarged view of a portion of in FIG. 1 shown elevator installation 1, wherein the elevator car 13 is positioned in the elevator shaft 4 in the region of the lowest level of development 2. By the movable apron 29 can be dispensed with, as opposed to a rigid apron, a lower ride. The subfloor 18 of the lowest development level 2 need not be broken and the floor below the lowest level of development 2 remains unaffected. The in FIG. 4 shown Rohboden 18 has only one recess. In order to avoid the injury of service personnel in the hoistway 4 during maintenance, Aufsetzelemente 22 are provided in the region of the shaft bottom 5. The elevator car 13 can not be moved to the shaft bottom 5 when using the attachment elements 22.

The FIGS. 5 and 6 show a cut and enlarged view of an in FIG. 4 The Aufsetzelement 22 arranged in the region of the shaft bottom 5 is as a kind of support from a wall of the elevator shaft 4 from folding. In normal operation of the elevator 9, the attachment element 22 bears against the wall of the elevator shaft 4. If the attachment element 22 is brought into the functional position, the elevator car 13 can not be moved to the shaft bottom 5.

Claims (11)

1. Elevator system for persons and/or loads for connecting several access levels (2) in a building having an elevator shaft (4), which has a shaft floor (5), a shaft ceiling (6) and a shaft opening closable with a shaft door (7) and an elevator which is equipped with a drive (10), a control (11), a basic structure (12) and at least one elevator cabin (13), wherein the elevator cabin (13) comprises cabin walls (14), a cabin door (15), a cabin floor (16) and a cabin ceiling (17), and is arranged on the base structure (12), characterized in that the shaft floor (5) is accessible only through the lower shaft opening, wherein the same is equipped with an emergency release which is sensorically monitored such that, during the emergency release of the shaft door (7) of the shaft opening (8) of the lowest access level (2), the control (11) of the elevator (9) is switched off at any entry of the shaft floor (5) for the normal running mode.
2. Elevator system according to claim 1, characterized in that with a downward travel (27), a movement of the elevator cabin in the direction of the shaft floor (5), during the emergency release of the shaft door (7) of the shaft opening (8) of the lowest access levels (2), the downward travel (27) is interrupted by a fall arrestor of the elevator (9).
3. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the service personnel can be reminded about the erecting and/or folding out of the touchdown element (22) by means of an optical and/or acoustic signaling with the emergency release of a shaft door (7).
4. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control (11) can be switched off by the erecting and/or folding out of the touchdown element (22) for the normal running mode.
5. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cab ceiling (17) is accessible only by means of sensorically monitored shaft openings (8).
6. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control (11) can be switched off for the regular running mode by means of an emergency stop button.
7. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inspection ride is possible on the cab ceiling (17) with the erecting and/or folding out of the touchdown element (22).
8. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event of a failure of the control (11), the inspection drive can be switched off by means of a second safety switch.
9. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a person can be reminded about the erecting and/or folding out of the touchdown element (22) by means of an optical and/or acoustic signal when the cabin roof (17) is entered.
10. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after the reset of all safety switches and the closing of the shaft doors (7), the control (11) for the regular drive mode is switched off.
11. Elevator system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, after actuation of a switch in a control cabinet of the elevator (9), the control (11) is reset to regular drive mode.

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