EP3666860A1 - Anti-flaking agent and lubricant composition comprising the same - Google Patents

Anti-flaking agent and lubricant composition comprising the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3666860A1
EP3666860A1 EP19206606.6A EP19206606A EP3666860A1 EP 3666860 A1 EP3666860 A1 EP 3666860A1 EP 19206606 A EP19206606 A EP 19206606A EP 3666860 A1 EP3666860 A1 EP 3666860A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
dimethyl
flaking
alkyl
poly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19206606.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Satoshi Noyama
Makoto Hayama
Daming Dong
Keiji Nakayama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd filed Critical Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd
Publication of EP3666860A1 publication Critical patent/EP3666860A1/en
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
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    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel anti-flaking agent which can be contained in a lubricant applicable to a metal surface of e.g. a rolling bearing.
  • the present invention also relates to a lubricant composition containing the anti-flaking agent.
  • a peculiar early abnormal flaking involving formation of white etching area occurring on the rolling surface of a rolling bearing has been a problem since the mid-1980s because it reduces the fatigue life of the rolling bearing.
  • Such flaking is called white flaking, white band flaking, brittle flaking, hydrogen brittle flaking, or hydrogen embrittlement flaking.
  • Patent Literature 1 introduces a hydrogen hypothesis, for example. Specifically, the hypothesis is as follows: when grease is used under a high load, the grease decomposes to generate hydrogen; the hydrogen penetrates into the steel material of the rolling bearing and reacts with carbide at the grain boundaries; and as a result, the steel material becomes brittle.
  • Patent Literature 1 reports that, when a grease composition contains a specific compound containing at least one sulfur atom such as a thiazole derivative, a sulfurized oil and/or fat, or a sulfurized olefin, it is possible to deal with the problem of white band flaking, that is, the intrusion of hydrogen generated by decomposition of the lubricant into the metal.
  • a specific compound containing at least one sulfur atom such as a thiazole derivative, a sulfurized oil and/or fat, or a sulfurized olefin
  • Patent Literature 2 reports an additive which is a passivating oxidizer such as a nitrite, where the additive is added to the grease to oxidize the metal surface and suppress the catalytic activity of the surface, thereby suppressing the generation of hydrogen due to the decomposition of the lubricant.
  • Patent Literature 3 reports a technique of combining a passivating oxidizer with an organic sulfonate.
  • Patent Literature 4 reports a technique of allowing grease to contain a specific amount of an azo compound.
  • Patent Literature 5 reports a technique that suppresses the generation of hydrogen from grease by using a phenyl ether-based synthetic oil as the base oil of the grease.
  • the present inventors considered that the suppression of triboplasma generation could prevent white band flaking of e.g. a rolling bearing.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an anti-flaking agent capable of suppressing white band flaking of e.g. a rolling bearing, and a lubricant composition containing the anti-flaking agent.
  • the present inventors measured the amount of hydrogen generated using a candidate compound for a base oil accounting for a large percentage of the lubricant composition or the grease composition, and have found that a compound having a specific volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm or less can effectively suppress hydrogen generation. Based on this knowledge, the present inventors have completed an invention which can effectively prevent white band flaking of e.g. a rolling bearing.
  • the present invention provides the following anti-flaking agent.
  • the anti-flaking agent and lubricant composition of the present invention can prevent white band flaking effectively (20% or less as compared with n -hexadecane).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus, used in Examples, for generating hydrogen gas by triboplasma.
  • the specific volume resistivity represents a ratio between a DC electric field (V/m) applied to the sample at 25°C and a current per unit cross-sectional area applied to the sample at that time, and is equal to the resistance between opposing faces of a cubic sample with one side being 1 cm.
  • the specific volume resistivity can be measured based on the testing methods of electrical insulating oils specified in JIS C2101.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ is a coefficient representing the relationship between the electric charge in the substance and the force given thereby.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ was measured at 25°C with E4991B Impedance Analyzer (Keysight Technologies).
  • the "Hansen solubility parameters" are each an index indicating the solubility of a certain solute in a certain solvent, and include three components: the dispersion term ( ⁇ D), the polar term ( ⁇ P), and the hydrogen bond term ( ⁇ H).
  • the dispersion term ( ⁇ D) represents the effect due to the dispersion force
  • the polar term ( ⁇ P) represents the effect due to the force between dipoles
  • the hydrogen bond term ( ⁇ H) represents the effect due to the hydrogen bond force. Details of the definitions and calculation methods for the Hansen solubility parameters are described in the following literature: Charles M. Hansen, "Hansen Solubility Parameters: A Users Handbook," CRC Press, 2007 .
  • white band flaking refers to a peculiar early abnormal flaking involving formation of white etching area.
  • the term "white band flaking” is synonymous with a term called e.g. white flaking, white band flaking, brittle flaking, hydrogen brittle flaking, or hydrogen embrittlement flaking in the art.
  • the life can be estimated based on the life calculation formula defined in the standards (ISO281, JIS B-1518).
  • the lifetime is reached in a shorter time than the calculated lifetime. In the actual market, it has been reported that the life is reached at about 1/10 to 1/20 of the calculated life.
  • White band flaking is one type of internal origin damage, and shows a specific phenomenon in which a white band is observed when the metal structure after the occurrence is etched with a nital solution.
  • the compound used in the present invention is a compound having a specific volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm or less.
  • the present inventors have found that a compound having such a physical property can suppress hydrogen generation by plasma.
  • the experimental methods and results are described in detail in the Examples section, the present inventors systematically examined the influence of the carbon chain length of ester on the amount of hydrogen generated. Then, as regards the length of the carbon chain derived from the dibasic fatty acid constituting the ester with methanol (R 2 OOC-R 1 -COOR 2 ) (that is, R 1 ), no hydrogen was generated when the number of carbon atoms was 6 or less.
  • the present inventors examined the influence of the length of the carbon chain derived from the alcohol constituting the ester with sebacic acid (that is, R 2 ) on the amount of hydrogen generated. Then, it was found that the specific volume resistivity increased as the number of carbon atoms of R 2 increased. This tendency was also observed in the case of monoesters.
  • the present inventors have also found that a specific aromatic compound can effectively suppress hydrogen generation even when the compound has a specific volume resistivity exceeding 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm.
  • the compound of the present invention is at least one selected from the group consisting of
  • the compound (A) preferably has a specific volume resistivity of 5.0 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm or less.
  • the compound (A) is preferably liquid at 25°C.
  • the compound (A) preferably has a dielectric constant ⁇ of 3.0 or more at 500 MHz (25°C) and 1 GHz (25°C).
  • the compound (A) preferably has a Hansen solubility parameter polar term ⁇ p of 3.5 or more.
  • ⁇ p is expressed by the following formula, and ⁇ p increases as the dielectric constant ⁇ increases.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ of oil affects electron wave absorption, and it is said that the larger the dielectric constant ⁇ and the larger the dielectric loss tangent, the more effectively electron waves can be absorbed, which can be a countermeasure against electron wave noise.
  • ⁇ p 2 12108 V 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ + n D 2 n D 2 + 2 ⁇ 2
  • ⁇ p is preferably 4.0 or more.
  • the Hansen solubility parameter polar term ⁇ p is preferably 20 or less.
  • ⁇ p is preferably 3.5 or more, and the reason is as follows. Such a value makes it possible to achieve a conductivity to an extent sufficient to prevent charging and a high dielectric constant, and it is therefore considered that white band flaking can be suppressed through suppression of triboplasma generation.
  • the compound (A) include polyvalent esters, glycols, sulfur-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, antistatic agents, ionic liquids, liquid crystals, SP compounds, NS compounds, and fatty acid amine salts.
  • the polyvalent ester is selected from diesters, triesters, and tetraesters.
  • a polyvalent ester having 15 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
  • a diester having 15 or less carbon atoms is more preferable.
  • preferable is a diester of a linear or branched aliphatic monoalcohol having 6 or less and preferably 4 or less carbon atoms with a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dibasic acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic dibasic acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic dibasic acid having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • a specific example of the diester is a diester in which the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propalol, butanol, or hexanol, and the dibasic acid is malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, dihydromuconic acid, 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid, or cis -4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.
  • the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propalol, butanol, or hexanol
  • the dibasic acid is malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, dihydromuconic acid, 1,4-
  • a diester in which the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n -propalol, or n -butanol, and the dibasic acid is malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, or maleic acid.
  • diethyl malonate, dibutyl malonate, and dihexyl malonate are preferable.
  • triesters include tributyl trimellitate.
  • tetraesters include full esters of pentaerythritol with carboxylic acid.
  • a tetraester with pentaerythritol mainly containing 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n -heptanoic acid, or n -octanoic acid as the carboxylic acid.
  • glycols which can be used in the present invention include alkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, and alkyl ethers thereof.
  • alkylene glycols include tetraethylene glycol and tripropylene glycol.
  • polyalkylene glycols include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, poly(oxyethylene)glycol, poly(oxypropylene)glycol, poly(oxybutylene)glycol, and poly(oxypropylene, oxybutylene)glycol.
  • alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols include tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • alkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols examples include polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers (for example, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether), polybutylene glycol alkyl ethers, and poly(oxypropylene, oxybutylene)glycol alkyl ethers.
  • the alkyl ether has 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl, and may be monoether or diether.
  • the sulfur-containing compound which can be used in the present invention is a compound containing a sulfur atom in one molecule, which is usually used as a building block in a solvent or organic synthesis.
  • Specific examples include dimethyl sulfoxide, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, diethyl sulfoxide, dibutyl sulfoxide, butyl sulfide, butyl disulfide, propyl sulfide, propyl disulfide, phenyl sulfide, and bis(2-hydromethoxy)disulfide.
  • dimethyl sulfoxide and 2,2'-thiodiethanol are preferable.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound which can be used in the present invention is a compound containing a phosphorus atom in one molecule, which is usually used as an extreme pressure agent or antiwear agent for lubricating oil.
  • Specific examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphine, triethyl phosphine, tributyl phosphine, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • trimethyl phosphate is preferable.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound which can be used in the present invention is a compound containing a nitrogen atom in one molecule, which is usually used as a building block in a solvent or organic synthesis.
  • Specific examples include formamide, N -methylformamide, N -ethylformamide, N - tert -butylformamide, tetramethylurea, tetraethylurea, and tetrabutylurea.
  • formamide, N -methylformamide, N - tert -butylformamide, tetramethylurea, and tetraethylurea are preferable.
  • the antistatic agent can be anionic, cationic, amphoteric, or nonionic, and examples thereof include poly(oxyethylene)alkylamines, poly(oxyethyl ene)alkylamides, poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ethers, poly(oxyethylene)alkyl phenyl ethers, glycerin aliphatic esters, sorbitan aliphatic esters, alkylsulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium sulfates, quaternary ammonium nitrates, alkylbetaines, alkyl imidazolines, alkylalanines, polyvinyl benzyl, and polyacrylic, which are described in page 1238 of "16918 Chemical Products, Year 2018 Edition," published by The Chemical Daily Co., Ltd.
  • amine derivatives include amine derivatives, succinic acid derivatives, partial esters of poly(oxyalkylene)glycol and polyhydric alcohol, ammonium compounds of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, polyalkyl sulfones, and neutralized salts of alkyl aryl sulfonic acid and alkyl amine.
  • the ionic liquid is a molten salt which is liquid at room temperature, also called a room temperature molten salt.
  • the ionic liquid which can be used in the present invention include ones in which the anion of the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide, (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)(heptafluoropropylsulfonyl)imide, bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid)imide, nitrogen trioxide, p -toluenesulfonic acid, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether sulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoromethanecarboxylic acid, biscyanoimide, tris(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid)methide, tris(
  • Rf1-SO 2 )(Rf2-SO 2 )N - formula 1 (Rf3)(Rf3)(Rf3)PF 3 - formula 2 (In formula 1, Rf1 and Rf2 may be the same as or different from each other, and represent F, CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , or C 4 F 9 .
  • Rf3 may be the same as or different from each other, and represents CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , or C 4 F 9 .)
  • Examples of the anion represented by formula 1 include bis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide, (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) (heptafluoropropylsulfonyl)imide, and bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide.
  • Examples of the anion represented by formula 2 include tris(perfluoroalkyl)trifluorophosphate and bis(perfluoroalkyl) (trifluoromethyl)trifluorophosphate.
  • Examples of the cation constituting the ionic liquid include imidazoliums, pyridiniums, pyrazoliums, piperidiniums, pyrrolidiniums, morpholines, piperazines, pyrroles, phosphoniums, quaternary ammonium salts, and isoxazoliums, and examples thereof include imidazoliums such as ethylmethylimidazolium, hexylmethylimidazolium, methyloctylimidazolium, and butyldimethylimidazolium; pyridiniums such as butyl-4-methylpyridinium; piperidiniums such as methoxyethyl-methyl piperidinium; pyrrolidiniums such as methoxyethyl-methyl pyrrolidinium; phosphoniums such as octyltriethylphosphonium and triethyloctylphosphonium; and isox
  • the ionic liquid which can be used in the present invention is preferably an ionic liquid in which the anion is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and the cation is 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, an ionic liquid in which the anion is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and the cation is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium, an ionic liquid in which the anion is bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and the cation is triethyloctylphosphonium, and an ionic liquid in which the anion is (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) (heptafluoropropylsulfonyl)imide and the cation is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium.
  • the liquid crystal compound is a compound which, in a certain temperature range, is liquid in appearance and simultaneously exhibits birefringence characteristic of an optically anisotropic crystal.
  • the liquid crystal compound is classified into a smectic liquid crystal, a nematic liquid crystal, a cholesteric liquid crystal, and a discotic liquid crystal depending on its molten state, and any of these liquid crystal compounds can be used in the present invention.
  • liquid crystal compound used in the present invention include (1) Schiff base liquid crystals, (2) azo-based and azoxy-based liquid crystals, (3) benzoate-based liquid crystals, (4) biphenyl-based and terphenyl-based liquid crystals, (5) cyclohexyl carboxylic acid ester-based liquid crystals, (6) phenylcyclohexane-based and biphenylcyclohexane-based liquid crystals, (7) pyrimidine-based and dioxane-based liquid crystals, (8) cyclohexyl cyclohexane ester-based liquid crystals, (9) cyclohexyl ethane-based liquid crystals, (10) cyclohexane-based liquid crystals, (11) tolan-based liquid crystals, (12) cholesteric liquid crystals, (13) triazine-based liquid crystals, (14) COS-based liquid crystals, (15) CCN-based liquid crystals, and (16) discotic liquid crystals, (15
  • a cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal compound categorized as (4) is excellent in chemical stability but has a slightly narrow temperature range of liquid crystal phase, and is desirably mixed with other liquid crystal compounds.
  • the compound is a nematic liquid crystal having a high dielectric anisotropy and is often used for a liquid crystal display.
  • cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal examples include 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-butylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-hexylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-heptylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-nonylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-undecylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4'-dodecylbiphenyl, 4-butoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-ethoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-propoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-pentoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-hexoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-heptoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-octoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-nonaloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-decyloxy-4
  • the SP compound which can be used in the present invention is a compound containing a sulfur atom and a phosphorus atom in one molecule, which is usually used as an extreme pressure agent or an antiwear agent for lubricating oil.
  • Specific examples include alkylated triphenyl phosphorothioates and ZnDTP. Among these, alkylated triphenyl phosphorothioates are preferable.
  • the NS compound which can be used in the present invention is a compound containing a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom in one molecule, which is usually used as a metal corrosion prevention agent for lubricating oil.
  • Specific examples include dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, molybdenum dithiocarbamate, and ZnDTC. Among these, dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives and molybdenum dithiocarbamate are preferable.
  • the fatty acid amine salt which can be used in the present invention is a compound which is usually used as a corrosion inhibitor for lubricating oil.
  • Specific examples include oleic acid dicycloamine salt, lauric acid amine salt, myristic acid amine salt, palmitic acid amine salt, stearic acid amine salt, linoleic acid amine salt, arachidonic acid amine salt, and linolenic acid amine salt.
  • oleic acid dicycloamine salt is preferable.
  • the compound (B) is a compound in which the percentage of the number of carbon atoms having an aromatic ring structure is 40% or more, preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more among all the carbon atoms constituting the compound.
  • the percentage of the number of carbon atoms having an aromatic ring structure among all the carbon atoms constituting the molecule can be obtained by calculation.
  • the total number of carbon atoms is 13
  • the number of carbon atoms having an aromatic ring structure is 12. Therefore, the value obtained by dividing 12 by 13 is the percentage.
  • an alkyl compound or an alkenyl compound having two or more aromatic rings is preferable.
  • Specific examples include diphenylmethane, diphenylpropane, and diphenylethylene.
  • Phenyl ethers having three or more aromatic rings are also preferable, and phenyl ethers such as pentaphenyl ether, tetraphenyl ether, and alkyl tetraphenyl ethers, alkyl benzenes, and alkyl naphthalenes are preferable.
  • the anti-flaking agent of the present invention may contain any substance as long as it does not negatively affect the anti-flaking effect of the compound (A) or (B) described above.
  • the content of the compound is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and further preferably 3% by mass or more relative to the total mass of the anti-flaking agent of the present invention.
  • the content thereof is more than 0.1% by mass, preferably more than 1% by mass, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and further preferably 4% by mass or more as in the case of the compound.
  • the total amount thereof is preferably 2% or more and more preferably 4% or more.
  • the upper limit of the percentage of the compound in the anti-flaking agent of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the upper limit is preferably less than 40% by mass and more preferably 10% by mass or less based on the total mass of the anti-flaking agent.
  • the upper limit is preferably 10% by mass or less and more preferably 3% by mass or less from an economical viewpoint.
  • the flash point of the compound of the present invention is preferably 70°C or lower because there is a risk of ignition by plasma generated due to friction of the lubrication portion.
  • the flash point can be measured based on JIS K2265.
  • the compound can be used alone as a lubricant composition, can also be used as a lubricant or a base oil of a grease, or can be mixed with a conventional base oil as a lubricant or a base oil of a grease to form a lubricant composition.
  • the conventional base oil one having a specific volume resistivity exceeding 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm can be used.
  • One containing a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 or more carbon atoms in total is preferable, and specific examples thereof include mineral oils and synthetic oils.
  • the mineral oil it is possible to use a paraffinic mineral oil, a naphthenic mineral oil, or a mixture thereof. It is preferable to contain a highly refined mineral oil (that is, a mineral oil which has been subjected to dewaxing treatment to reduce wax component precipitation at low temperature, thereby lowering its pour point as compared with the pour point of unrefined mineral oils (-5°C to -20°C, measured according to JIS K 2269)).
  • Examples of synthetic oils include synthetic hydrocarbons, ester oils, ether oils, glycol oils, silicone oils, and fluorinated oils.
  • Examples of synthetic hydrocarbon oils include poly alpha olefins ("PAOs") and polybutene. Among these, poly alpha olefins are preferable.
  • Examples of ester oils include diesters, trimellitate esters, and polyol esters.
  • Examples of ether oils include alkyl diphenyl ethers ("ADEs”), dialkyl diphenyl ethers, and polypropylene glycol.
  • Examples of glycol oils include polypropylene glycol and polypropylene alkyl ethers.
  • hydrogen generation can be effectively suppressed even when the compound is in a small amount, for example more than 0.1% by mass, preferably more than 1% by mass, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and further preferably 3% by mass or more based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.
  • the content of the compound in the lubricant composition of the present invention can be, for example, 40% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less.
  • ester oils such as diesters and polyol esters
  • ether oils such as alkyl phenyl ether oils
  • glycol oils such as water-insoluble polyalkylene glycols
  • silicone oils fluorinated oils, and the like.
  • mineral oils, synthetic oils, hydrocarbon oils, phenyl ether oils, and alkyl phenyl ether oils are preferable.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the base oil in the lubricant composition of the present invention is preferably 10 to 500 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the base oil is less than 10 mm 2 /s, it may be impossible to achieve a sufficient oil film at low speed or high temperature.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the base oil exceeds 500 mm 2 /s, there is a risk that the torque may rise at high speed or low temperature.
  • the range is more preferably 50 to 200 mm 2 /s and further preferably 60 to 130 mm 2 /s. Note that the kinematic viscosity of the base oil can be measured based on JIS K2283.
  • the content of the base oil in the lubricant composition of the present invention is preferably 60 to 99.9 parts by mass, more preferably 90 to 99.9 parts by mass, and further preferably 97 to 99.9 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass in total of the base oil and the anti-flaking agent.
  • the content of the base oil is preferably in such ranges because of excellence in lubricity and low volatility.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention may further contain a general-purpose additive as necessary.
  • a general-purpose additive for example, a rust inhibitor, a load-bearing additive, an antioxidant, and the like can be contained as necessary.
  • the content of these optional additives is usually 0.5 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the lubricant composition of the present invention.
  • Examples of the rust inhibitor include inorganic rust inhibitors and organic rust inhibitors.
  • Examples of the inorganic rust inhibitors include inorganic metal salts such as sodium silicate, lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and zinc oxide.
  • Examples of the organic rust inhibitors include benzoates such as sodium benzoate and lithium benzoate, sulfonates such as calcium sulfonate and zinc sulfonate, carboxylates such as zinc naphthenate and sodium sebacate, succinic acid derivatives such as succinic acid, succinic anhydride, and succinic acid half ester, sorbitan esters such as sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan trioleate, and fatty acid amine salts.
  • load-bearing additive examples include phosphorus-containing ones such as phosphate esters, sulfur-based ones such as polysulfide and sulfurized oils and/or fats, phosphorus-sulfur-based ones such as phosphorothioates, thiocarbamates, thiophosphates, and organic phosphate esters.
  • the antioxidant is known to suppress oxidative degradation of grease, and examples thereof include phenol-based antioxidants and amine-based antioxidants.
  • phenol-based antioxidants examples include 2,6-di- tert -butyl-p-cresol (BHT), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6- tert -butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6- tert -butylphenol), 2,6-di- tert -butyl-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6- tert -butylphenol, tert -butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6- tert -butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,3-di- tert -butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6- tert -butylphenol), and octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
  • BHT 2,6-di- tert
  • amine-based antioxidants examples include N - n -butyl- p -aminophenol, 4,4'-tetramethyl-di-aminodiphenylmethane, ⁇ -naphthylamine, N -phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, phenothiazine, and alkyl diphenylamines. Among these, alkyl diphenylamines are preferable.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention can be used as lubricating oil, conductive oil, dynamic pressure oil, and the like.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention is effective in preventing flaking wear.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention may further contain a thickener to form a grease composition.
  • the content of the compound (A) and/or (B) is preferably more than 0.1% by mass, more preferably more than 1% by mass, further preferably 2% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or more based on the total mass of the grease composition of the present invention, and the upper limit can be, for example, 40% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less.
  • the grease composition of the present invention may further contain a general-purpose additive as necessary.
  • additives which can be used include ones described for the lubricant composition.
  • the content of the optional additive is usually 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the grease composition of the present invention.
  • the worked penetration of the grease composition of the present invention is preferably 200 to 300 and more preferably 220 to 280.
  • the worked penetration exceeds 300, leakage due to high-speed rotation increases, which may result in failure to satisfy a sufficient lubrication life.
  • the worked penetration is less than 200, the fluidity of the grease is deteriorated, which may result in failure to satisfy a sufficient lubrication life.
  • the term "penetration" refers to a 60-stroke worked penetration. The penetration can be measured according to JIS K2220-7.
  • the content of the thickener is preferably 5 to 25% by mass and more preferably 10 to 20% by mass based on the total mass of the grease composition of the present invention.
  • the content is less than 5% by mass, the grease is soft and may leak, which could result in failure to satisfy a sufficient lubrication life.
  • the content is more than 25% by mass, the fluidity is inferior and thus it becomes difficult for the grease to enter the lubrication portion, which could result in failure to satisfy a sufficient lubrication life.
  • the content of the base oil is preferably 60 to 90% by mass and more preferably 70 to 90% by mass based on the total mass of the grease composition of the present invention.
  • the content of the base oil is preferably in such ranges because of excellence in lubricity and low volatility.
  • the grease composition of the present invention is used in various rolling bearings for industrial machines and automobiles.
  • industrial machines include rolling bearings in various motors for industrial machines, reducers and hydraulic equipment of industrial robots, main shafts and reducers of wind power generators, and peripherals of elevator hoists.
  • the use for automobiles is preferably a rolling bearing for automobile electrical equipment and auxiliaries.
  • automobile electrical equipment and auxiliaries include alternators, electromagnetic clutches for automobile air conditioners, intermediate pulleys, idler pulleys, and tension pulleys.
  • the amount of hydrogen generated was measured according to the method described in Nouyama, Nakayama, et al., Manuscript Preparation for Tribology Conference, Tokyo (2017), 185 .
  • a triboplasma generator ( Fig. 1 ) was used capable of generating triboplasma between the needle and the flat plate electrode.
  • the needle was the cathode and the flat plate was the anode.
  • the material of the needle was SCM435 steel and the apex angle of the needle was 120°.
  • the needle was arranged perpendicular to the anode flat plate, and was fixed at a position where the distance between the tip of the needle and the upper surface of the anode was 50 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between the needle and the flat plate electrode was controlled by a micrometer.
  • the material of the anode flat plate was SPCC steel.
  • the anode flat plate constituted the bottom portion inside the container.
  • the container was charged with the anti-flaking agent and the like of Examples or Comparative Examples, and the needle was in contact with the anti-flaking agent and the like inside the container.
  • the anode flat plate and the cathode needle were connected by a high voltage power source. The voltage and current when a voltage was applied was measurable by an oscilloscope.
  • the container and the needle were surrounded by a larger casing (hereinafter referred to as the "atmosphere control chamber") so as to cover both.
  • the top portion of the atmosphere control chamber had an opening provided therein, and the gas inside the atmosphere control chamber was collectable through a microsyringe.
  • the upper side portion of the atmosphere control chamber also had an opening provided therein so as to introduce dry air therethrough.
  • the gas inside the atmosphere control chamber was detectable by a semiconductor sensor.
  • Dry air was introduced for 30 seconds to replace the gas inside the atmosphere control chamber.
  • the atmosphere control chamber was subjected to discharging for 30 seconds while monitoring the current value and the voltage value with an oscilloscope, and then left for 20 seconds to collect the generated gas through a microsyringe.
  • the collected gas was introduced into gas chromatography to measure the amount of hydrogen gas. Note that the gas chromatography was measured using a gas chromatograph GC-2010 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), a column RT-Msieve ⁇ 0.43 mm ⁇ 30 m, and a detector TCD.
  • the amount of hydrogen generated for each compound was calculated with the amount of hydrogen generated for n -hexadecane set to 100%.
  • Tables 3 to 10 present the results.
  • Examples 1 to 38 are examples of the anti-flaking agent
  • Examples 39 to 71 are examples of the lubricating oil composition containing the anti-flaking agent.
  • Example 42 is a mixture of 3.0% by mass of dimethyl malonate of Example 3 and 97.0% by mass of poly alpha olefin of Comparative Example 8, and indicates that, even when the specific volume resistivity of the mixture exceeds 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm, the amount of hydrogen generated can be suppressed to 0% if a predetermined amount of the anti-flaking agent of the present application having a specific volume resistivity of 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm or less is contained.
  • Table 3 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ref. Ex.
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compound Dipheny lmethane 100 Dipheny lpropane 100 Cis -1,2-Diphenylethylene 100 Monoester Methyl Myristate Diester Dimethyl Phthalate 100 Dimethyl Maleate 100 Dimethyl Malonate 100 Dimethyl Succinate 100 Dimethyl Glutarate 100 Dimethy 1 Adipate 100 Dimethyl Suberate 100 Dimethyl Sebacate Diethyl Malonate Dibutyl Malonate Dihexyl Malonate Dihexyl Sebacate Di-2-Ethylhexyl Sebacate Trie ster Tributyl Trimellitate Tetraester Pentaerythritol Glycol Tetraethylene Glycol Tripropylene Glycol Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Poly(Oxyethylene)Glycol Polypropylene Glycol Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Poly(Oxyethylene)Glycol Polypropylene Glycol Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Poly(Oxyethylene)
  • Tetraester Ester of pentaerythritol with carboxylic acid (manufactured by Kao Corporation under the trade name of "KAOLUBE 279")
  • Glycol Poly(oxyethylene)glycol (manufactured by NOF Corporation under the trade name of "PEG #200”)
  • Polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether (manufactured by NOF Corporation under the trade name of "UNILUBE MB-19")
  • Poly(oxypropylene, oxybutylene)glycol monodecyl ether manufactured by Dow Chemical Company under the trade name of "OSP-68"
  • Antistatic Agent Poly(oxyethylene)laurylamine (manufactured by Nippon Nyukazai Co., Ltd.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP19206606.6A 2018-11-06 2019-11-06 Anti-flaking agent and lubricant composition comprising the same Pending EP3666860A1 (en)

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