CN116209740A - 包含碳纳米管的润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents
包含碳纳米管的润滑剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116209740A CN116209740A CN202180066290.8A CN202180066290A CN116209740A CN 116209740 A CN116209740 A CN 116209740A CN 202180066290 A CN202180066290 A CN 202180066290A CN 116209740 A CN116209740 A CN 116209740A
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Images
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- F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
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- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/1026—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
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Abstract
一种润滑剂组合物,其含有基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种,并且,稠度为200~440。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够适用于滚动轴承,特别是马达用滚动轴承的润滑剂组合物。
背景技术
在钢与钢的润滑面中,已知有由电引起的损伤。例如在轴承中,存在被称为电蚀的在旋转轴与轴承之间施加电压并引起放电而产生的损伤。如果是轴承,则电蚀通过在轴承的内圈与外圈之间存在电位差或者通过流过共模电流而产生。详细而言,通过在介于球与轴承的轨道面之间的润滑膜中持续放电而发展成电蚀。
专利文献1以提供具有优异的导电性并且不易发生导电性的经时降低的导电性润滑脂并提供电阻值小、长期不易带电的滚动装置为课题,提供具备碳纳米管作为导电性赋予添加剂的导电性润滑脂。通过使用该润滑脂,降低轴承的电阻值。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2002-332490号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的课题在于提供一种能够通过防止放电来防止电蚀的润滑剂组合物。
用于解决课题的方法
根据本发明,提供以下的润滑剂组合物。
1.一种润滑剂组合物,含有基础油以及相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种,并且,稠度为200~440。
2.一种润滑剂组合物,含有基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种以及相对于组合物的总质量为大于0质量%且为10质量%以下的分散剂,并且,稠度为200~440。
3.根据上述2所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,分散剂为油性分散剂。
4.根据上述3所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,分散剂为选自由磷酸酯或其盐、聚醚酯酸或其盐、磺酸或其盐、琥珀酰亚胺、山梨糖醇酐酯和聚亚烷基二醇组成的组中的至少1种。
5.根据上述1~4中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,上述碳纳米管为单层或两层。
6.根据上述1~5中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,上述基础油包含选自由矿物油、合成烃油、苯醚油、烷基苯油、酯油、聚乙二醇油、硅油、氟油和离子液体组成的组中的至少1种。
7.根据上述1~6中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其进一步包含增稠剂。
8.根据上述7所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,上述增稠剂包含选自由皂系增稠剂、复合皂系增稠剂、脲系增稠剂、氨基甲酸酯系增稠剂、对苯二甲酸Na、有机化膨润土、硅胶、氟系粉体、纤维状纤维素以及芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的组中的至少1种。
9.根据上述1~6中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,不含增稠剂。
10.根据上述1~9中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,上述组合物用于汽车部件、产业机械或轴承。
11.一种汽车部件、产业机械部件或轴承,其封入有上述1~10中任一项所述的组合物。
发明效果
根据本发明的组合物,通过在润滑剂组合物中包含具有放电抑制效果的碳纳米管,抑制上述润滑剂组合物的放电,由此能够防止润滑面的电蚀。另外,本发明的组合物的声学性能也优异,良好地发挥放电抑制效果与声学性能的平衡。包含分散剂的本发明的组合物能够将碳纳米管的放电抑制效果维持更长的时间。
附图说明
图1是表示碳纳米管的整体结构的示意图。
图2是实施例中使用的放电试验装置的概要图。
具体实施方式
(润滑剂组合物)
本发明第一方式的润滑剂组合物含有基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种,并且,稠度为200~440。如果使用运动粘度大的基础油,则仅由基础油和规定大小的碳纳米管这2种就能够制成稠度为200~440的组合物。或者,通过含有惯用的增稠剂和/或惯用的固体润滑剂,也可以使用运动粘度小的基础油制成稠度为200~440的组合物。在任一情况下,均可以包含添加剂。
本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物包含基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种以及相对于组合物的总质量超过0质量%且为10质量%以下的分散剂,并且,稠度为200~440。一般而言,在机械部件中长期使用润滑剂组合物的情况下,由于润滑剂组合物受到的剪切,润滑剂组合物中的碳纳米管的分散状态会发生变化。其结果是,放电抑制效果也发生变化。第二方式的润滑剂组合物通过在第一方式的润滑剂组合物中含有规定量的分散剂,即使在碳纳米管的量比第一方式多时,也能够将碳纳米管的放电抑制效果维持更长的时间。
需要说明的是,以下简称为“组合物”、“润滑剂组合物”时,是指第一方式的润滑剂组合物和第二方式的润滑剂组合物这两者。
<基础油>
本发明的组合物中可以使用的基础油没有特别限定,可以使用矿物油和/或合成油。基础油例如包含:矿物油、合成烃油,五苯基醚、四苯基醚、单烷基四苯基醚、二烷基四苯基醚和烷基二苯基醚油等苯基醚油,烷基苯油,单酯油、二酯油、多元醇酯油和芳香族酯油等酯油,聚乙二醇油,硅油,氟油,离子液体中的至少1种。
作为基础油,从低温流动性的观点出发,优选包含合成油,更优选包含合成烃油、烷基二苯基醚油、二酯油、多元醇酯油,进一步优选包含合成烃油和/或烷基二苯基醚油,特别优选包含聚α烯烃和/或烷基二苯基醚油。含有其他基础油时,从耐热性的观点出发,相对于基础油的总质量,聚α烯烃和烷基二苯基醚油优选为35质量%以上。基础油进一步特别优选为聚α烯烃与烷基二苯基醚油的混合油。此时,从低温流动性与耐热性的平衡的观点出发,特别优选聚α烯烃与烷基二苯基醚油以质量比计为聚α烯烃:烷基二苯基醚油=20:80~70:30。
关于本发明的稠度,在本发明的组合物不含增稠剂和/或固体润滑剂时,在第一方式的情况下,稠度大致由基础油的运动粘度和碳纳米管的含量决定,在第二方式的情况下,稠度大致由基础油的运动粘度、碳纳米管的含量和分散剂的含量决定。在第一方式的情况下,例如,若在40℃下的运动粘度为3,000,000mm2/s的基础油中含有0.001质量%的碳纳米管,则稠度为200,若在40℃下的运动粘度为15,000mm2/s的基础油中含有0.001质量%的碳纳米管,则稠度为440。在第二方式的情况下,例如,若在40℃下的运动粘度为3,000,000mm2/s的基础油中包含0.001质量%的碳纳米管和0.001质量%的分散剂,则稠度为200,若在40℃下的运动粘度为15,000mm2/s的基础油中包含0.001质量%的碳纳米管和0.001质量%的分散剂,则稠度为440。本发明的组合物不含增稠剂和/或固体润滑剂时,本发明的基础油在40℃下的运动粘度例如在轴承用途中优选为200,000~3,000,000mm2/s,更优选为350,000~3,000,000mm2/s,进一步优选为500,000~1,900,000mm2/s。另外,在压延用辊用途中,优选为55,000~500,000mm2/s,更优选为90,000~350,000mm2/s,进一步优选为140,000~200,000mm2/s。另外,在减速机用途中优选为15,000~200,000mm2/s,更优选为18,000~110,000mm2/s,进一步优选为23,000~55,000mm2/s
在本发明的组合物包含增稠剂和/或固体润滑剂的情况下,本发明的基础油在40℃下的运动粘度优选为20~220mm2/s。基础油在40℃下的运动粘度为20mm2/s以上且220mm2/s以下时,能够兼顾低扭矩性和耐蒸发性(耐热性),因而是优选的。基于同样的理由,更优选为20~200mm2/s,进一步优选为20~180mm2/s,最优选为20~140mm2/s。
需要说明的是,基础油的运动粘度可以基于JIS K2283进行测定。
在本发明的组合物不含增稠剂和/或固体润滑剂的情况下,基础油的含量为余量。
在本发明第一方式的组合物包含增稠剂的情况下,从润滑性的观点出发,以组合物的总质量为基准,基础油的含量优选为70~95质量%,更优选为75~92质量%,进一步优选为78~90质量%,特别优选为79.92~87.95质量%(例如80~87质量%)。
在本发明第二方式的组合物包含增稠剂的情况下,从润滑性的观点出发,以组合物的总质量为基准,基础油的含量优选为70~95质量%,更优选为75~92质量%,进一步优选为78~90质量%。
在本发明第一方式的组合物包含固体润滑剂的情况下,从润滑性的观点出发,以组合物的总质量为基准,基础油的含量优选为69.92~99.899质量%(例如70~99质量%),更优选为79.92~99.495质量%(例如80~98质量%),进一步优选为84.92~98.99质量%(例如85~97质量%),特别优选为89.92~94.95质量%(例如90~94质量%)。
在本发明第二方式的组合物包含固体润滑剂的情况下,从润滑性的观点出发,以组合物的总质量为基准,基础油的含量优选为70~99质量%,更优选为80~98质量%,进一步优选为85~97质量%,特别优选为90~94质量%。
<碳纳米管>
碳纳米管是石墨状的碳堆积而成的管,各层的两端如富勒烯那样呈封闭的结构。其整体结构大致如图1所示。
迄今为止报道的碳纳米管的直径(“D”)的最小值为0.4nm(Lu-Chang Qin等“Thesmallest carbon nanotube(最小的碳纳米管)”,Nature(自然),408,50(2000))。在本发明中,只要是直径0.4nm以上的碳纳米管就能够使用。另一方面,若组合物中碳纳米管的含量变多,则转矩变高,因此优选组合物中碳纳米管的含量少。通过包含直径为9.0nm以下的碳纳米管,即使少量也能够发挥充分的放电抑制效果,因此能够有效地抑制电蚀。本发明的组合物优选包含直径为0.7~5.0nm的碳纳米管。本发明的组合物只要包含0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种即可,也可以包含直径超过9.0nm的碳纳米管。但是,若直径超过9.0nm,则三层以上的多层碳纳米管占据比例较多,变得容易放电,因此从抑制电蚀的观点出发,本发明的润滑剂组合物优选不包含直径9.0nm以上的碳纳米管。
碳纳米管的长度没有特别限定。例如,可以使用5μm以上且600μm以下的碳纳米管。
如图1所示,碳纳米管的直径是指俯视图中的短边,碳纳米管的长度是指俯视图中的长边。碳纳米管的直径和长度可以使用透射型电子显微镜进行测定。
需要说明的是,现有技术中使用的炭黑的直径最小也为10nm,目前不存在与碳纳米管同等程度直径的炭黑。在使用CB的情况下,为了抑制放电,认为需要形成被称为“结构(structure)”的、炭黑的粒子彼此连续连接的结构体。为了形成“结构”,需要炭黑彼此物理接触,因此需要大量地(例如10质量%)含有。但是,若大量含有,则声学性能降低。
通常,碳纳米管中存在单层、两层和三层以上的多层,作为本发明的润滑剂组合物中使用的碳纳米管,从放电抑制效果的观点出发,优选单层或两层。从放电抑制效果的观点出发,本发明的润滑剂组合物优选实质上不包含三层以上的多层碳纳米管。例如,以组合物的总质量为基准,优选为3质量%以下,更优选为2质量%以下,进一步优选为1质量%以下。
碳纳米管在表面具有活性点,其至少一部分可以被OH、CH、CHO等修饰。但是,作为本发明中使用的碳纳米管,未修饰的碳纳米管与基础油的亲和性更高,因此优选。
本发明第一方式的润滑剂组合物中碳纳米管的含量以组合物的总质量为基准为0.001~0.08质量%。优选为0.005~0.08质量%,更优选为0.01~0.08质量%,进一步优选为0.05~0.08质量%。如果碳纳米管的含量在这样的范围内,则放电抑制效果和声学性能获得良好的平衡,因此优选。在将本发明第一方式的润滑剂组合物作为马达用轴承用润滑脂组合物时,若将碳纳米管的含量设为0.08质量%以下,则能够得到适当的稠度,因此优选。
本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物中碳纳米管的含量以组合物的总质量为基准为0.001~3质量%。优选为0.01~2质量%,更优选为0.05~1质量%,进一步优选为0.08~1质量%。如果碳纳米管的含量在这样的范围内,则放电抑制效果和声学性能获得良好的平衡,因此优选。在将本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物作为马达用轴承用润滑脂组合物时,若将碳纳米管的含量设为0.08~1质量%,则能够得到适当的稠度,因此优选。
<分散剂>
本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物可包含的分散剂发挥使碳纳米管分散在润滑剂组合物中的作用。如上所述,一般而言,在机械部件中长期使用润滑剂组合物的情况下,由于施加于润滑剂组合物的剪切,润滑剂组合物中的碳纳米管的分散状态会发生变化,由碳纳米管带来的放电抑制效果也发生变化。第二方式的润滑剂组合物通过含有规定量的分散剂,即使在碳纳米管的量比第一方式多时,也能够将碳纳米管的放电抑制效果维持更长的时间。
本发明中可以使用的分散剂优选为油性。作为油性分散剂的具体例,可列举出磷酸酯或其盐、聚醚酯酸或其盐、磺酸或其盐、烯基琥珀酰亚胺、山梨糖醇酐酯以及聚亚烷基二醇衍生物。
作为磷酸酯或其盐,可列举出磷酸酯或其钠盐等。磷酸酯可以具有氨基等官能团。优选磷酸酯。
作为聚醚酯酸或其盐,可列举出聚醚酯酸或其胺盐等。优选聚醚酯酸胺盐。
作为磺酸或其盐,可列举出烷基芳香族磺酸、烷基芳香族磺酸锂、烷基芳香族磺酸钠、烷基芳香族磺酸钙、烷基芳香族磺酸锌、烷基芳香族磺酸钡、烷基芳香族磺酸胺盐、石油磺酸、石油磺酸锂、石油磺酸钠、石油磺酸钙、石油磺酸锌、石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸胺盐等。其中,优选烷基芳香族磺酸钙、烷基芳香族磺酸锌、石油磺酸钙、石油磺酸锌,更优选烷基芳香族磺酸钙、烷基芳香族磺酸锌,进一步优选二壬基萘磺酸钙、二壬基萘磺酸锌。
作为琥珀酰亚胺,可列举出烯基琥珀酰亚胺、琥珀酸聚亚烷基酰亚胺、硼改性琥珀酰亚胺等。其中,优选烯基琥珀酰亚胺或琥珀酸聚亚烷基酰亚胺。
作为山梨糖醇酐酯,可以举出山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐二硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三异硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐二异硬脂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐单异硬脂酸、山梨糖醇酐三月桂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐二月桂酸酯、山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯等。其中,优选山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯,更优选山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯。
作为聚亚烷基二醇,可列举出聚丙二醇、聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇的共聚物等聚亚烷基二醇、聚亚烷基二醇单甲基醚、聚亚烷基二醇单丁基醚等聚亚烷基二醇单烷基醚、聚亚烷基二醇二甲基醚、聚亚烷基二醇二丁基醚等聚亚烷基二醇二烷基醚、含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇、含琥珀酰亚胺基的聚亚烷基二醇、含羧基的聚亚烷基二醇、含膦基的聚亚烷基二醇、含硫醇基的聚亚烷基二醇、含磺酰基的聚亚烷基二醇、含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇、含琥珀酰亚胺基的聚亚烷基二醇、含马来酰亚胺基的聚亚烷基二醇等。其中,优选含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇、含琥珀酰亚胺基的聚亚烷基二醇、含马来酰亚胺基的聚亚烷基二醇,更优选含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇。
作为本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物中使用的分散剂,优选磷酸酯、聚醚酯酸胺盐、琥珀酰亚胺、含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇。更优选磷酸酯。特别优选更长时间维持碳纳米管的放电抑制效果的能力高的磷酸酯、聚醚酯酸胺盐。
本发明第二方式的润滑剂组合物中分散剂的含量以组合物的总质量为基准超过0质量%且为10质量%以下。通过以这样的量含有分散剂,能够将碳纳米管带来的放电抑制效果维持更长的时间,并且能够得到适当的稠度,因此优选。优选为0.05~5质量%,更优选为0.08~1质量%。为了充分维持碳纳米管的分散性,优选以相对于碳纳米管的总质量为30~9900质量%的量含有分散剂。更优选为50~3000质量%。进一步优选为80~1250质量%。
本发明组合物的状态在不含有增稠剂的情况下(即,既不含有增稠剂也不含有固体润滑剂,或者不含有增稠剂但含有固体润滑剂的情况下)为糊状,在含有增稠剂的情况下(即,既含有增稠剂也含有固体润滑剂,或者不含有固体润滑剂但含有增稠剂的情况下)为糊状,或者为半固体或固体(即润滑脂状)。
用语“稠度”通常是润滑脂的表观硬度,是指以mm的10倍表示规定圆锥贯入试样的深度的数值(社团法人日本摩擦学会编,“摩擦学辞典”,养贤堂,2007年3月1日),在本说明书中,不限于润滑脂(即,包含基础油和增稠剂根据需要也可以包含添加剂的润滑剂),对于不包含增稠剂的糊状润滑剂也是适用的数值。在本说明书中,稠度是指能够按照JIS K2220测定的60次混合稠度。例如在轴承用途中,稠度优选为320以下,更优选为200~320,进一步优选为200~300。特别是,将本发明的润滑剂组合物作为润滑脂组合物用于马达用轴承时,稠度优选为220~280。另外,在轧制机辊中,稠度优选为280~380,更优选为300~360,进一步优选为320~340。另外,在减速机中,稠度优选为320~440,更优选为350~430,进一步优选为380~420。
(润滑脂组合物)
<增稠剂>
将本发明的润滑剂组合物用于轴承时,从油分的保持性和耐热性的观点出发,优选通过含有增稠剂而制成润滑脂组合物。
本发明中可以使用的增稠剂例如为选自由下述物质组成的组中的至少1种:Li皂和Ca皂等皂系增稠剂,Li复合皂、Ca复合皂、Ca磺酸酯复合皂、Al复合皂等复合皂系增稠剂,二脲、三脲、四脲等脲系增稠剂,氨基甲酸酯等氨基甲酸酯系增稠剂,对苯二甲酸Na,有机化膨润土,以PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)为代表的氟系粉体,纤维状纤维素,以及芳族聚酰胺纤维。
在将本发明的润滑脂组合物用于轴承,特别是马达用轴承的情况下,从低转矩的观点出发,增稠剂优选包含Li皂或脲化合物,更优选为脲化合物。
作为脲化合物,从耐热性的观点出发,优选二脲化合物。作为二脲化合物,优选下述式(1)所示的二脲化合物。
R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3(1)
式中,R2为碳原子数6~15的2价芳香族烃基,R1和R3彼此可以相同也可以不同,为碳原子数6~30的饱和或不饱和烷基、碳原子数6或7的芳基或环己基。
作为式(1)的二脲化合物,优选R1和R3均为碳原子数6~30的烷基的脂肪族二脲化合物。脂肪族二脲化合物可以通过使二异氰酸酯与脂肪族单胺反应而得到。
另外,作为式(1)的二脲化合物,优选R1和R3均为环己基的脂环式二脲化合物。脂环式二脲化合物可以通过使二异氰酸酯与环己胺反应而得到。
另外,作为式(1)的二脲化合物,优选R1和R3中的任一者为碳原子数6~30的烷基、另一者为环己基的脂环式脂肪族二脲化合物。脂环式脂肪族二脲化合物通过使二异氰酸酯与脂环式单胺及脂肪族单胺反应而得到,因此实际上是除了脂环式脂肪族二脲化合物以外还包含脂肪族二脲化合物和脂环式二脲化合物的混合物。
式(1)的二脲化合物中,从低扭矩的观点出发,优选脂环式脂肪族二脲化合物。
R1和R3中的任一者为环己基时,另一者优选为碳原子数8或18的饱和直链烷基。此时,从润滑脂的附着性的观点出发,环己基在环己基和烷基的合计中所占的比率优选为10~90摩尔%,更优选为30~90摩尔%,特别优选为30~88摩尔%。
作为R2,优选甲苯二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,更优选二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
特别是,优选式(1)中,R1和R3中的任一个为环己基、另一个为碳原子数8或18的饱和直链烷基、R2为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己基在环己基和烷基的合计中所占的比率为10~90摩尔%的二脲化合物,更优选为30~88摩尔%的二脲化合物。
在本发明第一方式的组合物不含固体润滑剂的情况下,增稠剂的含量以组合物的总质量为基准,优选为3~40质量%,以能够将本发明的组合物的稠度设定为200~440。更优选为5~30质量%,进一步优选为8~20质量%,特别优选为12~20质量%。
在本发明第二方式的组合物不含固体润滑剂的情况下,增稠剂的含量以组合物的总质量为基准,优选为3~40质量%,以能够将本发明的组合物的稠度设定为200~440。更优选为5~30质量%,进一步优选为8~20质量%。
需要说明的是,本发明的润滑剂组合物采取润滑脂组合物的形态时,本发明的组合物既不是所谓的散热润滑脂,也不是配合二氧化硅树脂粉末、金属氧化物等填料而成的所谓的油复合物。
<固体润滑剂>
作为本发明中可以使用的固体润滑剂,可以举出氰尿酸三聚氰胺、石墨、洋葱碳、纳米金刚石、氟化石墨、黑色二氧化硅、粒状聚乙烯、粒状聚丙烯、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、酯蜡、褐煤酸蜡、酰胺蜡、球状氧化铝、氧化锌、云母、二硫化钼、二硫化钨、碳酸钙、氮化硼、铜或镍等金属粉末等。
其中,优选氰尿酸三聚氰胺、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、酯蜡、褐煤酸蜡、酰胺蜡,更优选氰尿酸三聚氰胺、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、酯蜡,进一步优选氰尿酸三聚氰胺、聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡。
在本发明第一方式的组合物不含增稠剂的情况下,以组合物的总质量为基准,固体润滑剂的含量优选为0.1~30质量%,以能够将本发明的组合物的稠度设定为200~440。更优选为0.5~20质量%,进一步优选为1~15质量%,特别优选为5~10质量%。
在本发明第二方式的组合物不含增稠剂的情况下,以组合物的总质量为基准,固体润滑剂的含量优选为0.1~30质量%,以能够将本发明的组合物的稠度设定为200~440。更优选为0.5~20质量%,进一步优选为1~15质量%,特别优选为5~10质量%。
也可以将固体润滑剂作为添加剂使用,而不是以增稠为目的。此时,本发明组合物中的含量与后述任意成分的含量相同。
<任意成分>
本发明的润滑剂组合物可以进一步含有油性剂、抗磨剂、极压添加剂、防锈剂、非铁金属防腐蚀剂、抗氧化剂等添加剂。但是,优选不含水和/或水溶性有机溶剂等基础油以外的分散介质。还优选不包含作为油复合物的填料而使用的二氧化硅树脂粉末、环氧树脂粉末。
以润滑剂组合物的总质量为基准,上述添加剂的含量通常为0.01~15质量%,优选为0.05~12质量%,更优选为0.1~10质量%。
作为油性剂,可以举出羊毛脂、油酸甲酯、单油酸聚乙二醇酯的单酯、己二酸双(2-乙基己基)酯、癸二酸双(2-乙基己基)酯等二酯等。
作为抗磨剂,可以举出亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸三乙酯等亚磷酸酯、单癸酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯等甘油脂肪酸酯等。
作为极压添加剂,可列举出硫化油脂、硫化烯烃、多硫化物、无灰二硫代氨基甲酸酯、磷酸三辛酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、硫代磷酸三苯酯、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼等二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼等二烷基二硫代磷酸盐等。
作为防锈剂,可以举出无机系防锈剂和有机系防锈剂。作为无机系防锈剂,可以举出硅酸Na、碳酸Li、碳酸K、氧化Zn等无机金属盐。作为有机系防锈剂,可以举出苯甲酸Na、苯甲酸Li等苯甲酸盐、环烷酸Zn、癸二酸Na等羧酸盐、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、琥珀酸半酯等琥珀酸衍生物、脂肪酸胺盐。
作为非铁金属防腐蚀剂,可列举苯并三唑或其衍生物、苯并噻唑或其衍生物、噻二唑或其衍生物等。
抗氧化剂作为润滑脂的氧化劣化抑制是已知的,可以举出酚系抗氧化剂、胺系抗氧化剂。
作为酚系抗氧化剂,可列举出2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)、2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、4,4’-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-亚甲基双(2,3-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯等。其中,优选十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯。
作为胺系抗氧化剂,可举出N-正丁基-对氨基苯酚、4,4'-四甲基-二氨基二苯基甲烷、α-萘胺、N-苯基-α-萘胺、吩噻嗪、烷基二苯胺等。其中,优选烷基二苯胺。
其中,若含有N-苯基-α-萘胺、烷基二苯基胺、十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯,则能够延长轴承的烧结寿命,因此优选。其中,优选含有烷基二苯基胺和/或十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯。进而,特别是以组合物的总质量为基准,特别优选含有0.1~6质量%的烷基二苯胺和十八烷基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯。
特别是,本发明第一方式的组合物优选为下述组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为15,000~3,000,000mm2/s的基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种,
可以进一步含有添加剂,但既不含增稠剂也不含固体润滑剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为89.2~99.999质量%(例如90~99质量%),添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
进一步特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
本发明第一方式的组合物还优选为如下的组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为20~140mm2/s的基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种,
作为增稠剂,包含式(1)的二脲化合物,且式(1)中R1和R3中的任一个为环己基,另一个为碳原子数8或18的饱和直链烷基,R2为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,环己基在环己基与烷基的合计中所占的比率为30~88摩尔%,
还可以进一步包含添加剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为70~94.92质量%(例如70~94质量%),增稠剂的含量为5~20%,添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
进一步特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
作为添加剂,若含有抗氧化剂,特别是胺系抗氧化剂,则烧结寿命延长,因此优选。
特别是,本发明第一方式的组合物还优选为如下组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为20~140mm2/s的基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种,
作为固体润滑剂,含有选自由氰尿酸三聚氰胺、聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少1种,
还可以含有添加剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为60~89.92质量%(例如60~90质量%),固体润滑剂的含量为10~30%,添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
进一步特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
特别是,本发明第二方式的组合物优选为下述润滑脂组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为15,000~3,000,000mm2/s的基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种、相对于组合物的总质量为0.08~1质量%的选自由磷酸酯和聚醚酯酸胺盐组成的组中的至少1种分散剂以及增稠剂,
可以进一步含有添加剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为70~95质量%,添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
更特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
本发明第二方式的组合物也优选为下述润滑脂组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为20~140mm2/s的基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种、相对于组合物的总质量为0.08~1质量%的选自由磷酸酯和聚醚酯酸胺盐组成的组中的至少1种分散剂以及作为增稠剂的式(1)的二脲化合物,在式(1)中,R1和R3中的任一个为环己基,另一个为碳原子数8或18的饱和直链烷基,R2为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,环己基在环己基与烷基的合计中所占的比率为30~88摩尔%,
还可以进一步包含添加剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为70~95质量%,增稠剂的含量为5~20%,添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
进一步特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
作为添加剂,若含有抗氧化剂,特别是胺系抗氧化剂,则烧结寿命延长,因此优选。
特别是,本发明第二方式的组合物也优选为下述组合物:
包含40℃下的运动粘度为20~140mm2/s的基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管(例如,单层或两层的碳纳米管,特别是单层的碳纳米管)中的至少1种、相对于组合物的总质量为0.08~1质量%的选自由磷酸酯和聚醚酯酸胺盐组成的组中的至少1种分散剂以及作为固体润滑剂的选自由氰尿酸三聚氰胺、聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡组成的组中的至少1种,
可以进一步含有添加剂,
并且,稠度为200~440。
此时,优选基础油的含量为60~90质量%,固体润滑剂的含量为10~30%,添加剂的含量为0~10质量%。
进一步特别优选为稠度220~280的马达用轴承用润滑剂组合物。
<用途>
本发明的润滑剂组合物可以用于选自由汽车部件、产业机械和轴承组成的组中的至少1种。
作为汽车部件,可以举出等速接头、轮毂单元、电动动力转向装置、离合器等。
作为工业机械,可列举出减速器、发电机、轧制机辊、工业用机器人等。
作为轴承,可列举马达用轴承、滑轮用轴承、交流发电机用轴承等。
实施例
1.测定样品的制备
(1)实施例1~9和比较例1~5的润滑剂组合物的制备
在聚α烯烃(PAO)与烷基二苯基醚油的混合油(40℃下的运动粘度:51.3mm2/s,根据JIS K2283测定)中,使4’,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯1摩尔与环己胺及硬脂胺共计2摩尔(环己胺∶硬脂胺=7∶1,摩尔比)反应,进行升温、冷却。向其中以表1所示的比例添加上述混合油和表1中记载的碳纳米管或炭黑,用3辊磨机混炼,得到实施例1~9和比较例1~5的润滑脂组合物。
(2)实施例10~和比较例6~9的润滑剂组合物的制备
除了与碳纳米管一起添加分散剂以外,通过与上述(1)中记载的方法相同的方法,得到实施例10~和比较例6~9的润滑脂组合物。
(3)实施例和比较例中使用的碳材料如下。
(4)实施例和比较例中使用的分散剂如下所述。
磷酸酯:DISPARLON D-375,楠本化成株式会社
含氨基的磷酸酯:DISPARLON D-325,楠本化成株式会社
聚醚酯酸胺盐:DISPARLON D-234,楠本化成株式会社
磺酸钙:NA-SUL729,KING INDUSTRIES
磺酸锌:NA-SUL ZS,KING INDUSTRIES
琥珀酰亚胺:INFINEUM C9231,Infineum International Limited
山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯:NONION OP-85R,日油株式会社
含氨基的聚亚烷基二醇:Esleam AD-508,日油株式会社
需要说明的是,表1和表2中的基础油、增稠剂、碳材料和分散剂栏中记载的数字表示以组合物的总质量为基准的质量%。
2.评价项目及试验方法
(1)稠度
按照JIS K2220 7.测定得到的润滑剂组合物的60次混合稠度。如果稠度为200~440则判断为合格(○),如果小于200或超过440则判断为不合格(×)。将结果示于表1和表2。
(2)基于放电试验的电蚀防止能力的评价
在针/平板电极间施加电压来确认有无放电。放电试验的概要如图2所示。针为阴极,平板为阳极。针的材质为SCM435钢,针的顶角为120°。针相对于阳极平板垂直地配置,固定在设于针前端的球电极与阳极上表面的最短距离为100μm的位置。针与平板电极的距离用测微计控制。阳极平板的材质为SPCC钢。在阳极平板上涂布10~15mm厚的待测样品,将针头插入待测样品中。阳极平板与阴极针通过高压电源连接。在施加5kV电压的状态下放置30秒,如果不发生放电则判断为合格(○),如果发生放电则判断为不合格(×)。将结果示于表1和表2。
(3)施加剪切后基于放电试验的防电蚀能力的维持能力的评价)
按照ASTM D1831中规定的辊稳定度试验(Standard Test Method for RollStability of Lubricating Grease),将50g测定样品涂布于料筒内,将辊放入料筒内,在80℃、165rpm、100小时的条件下混炼,对上述测定样品施加剪切。
除了固定在使针与平板电极的最短距离为2000μm的位置以外,利用与上述(2)放电试验中记载的方法相同的方法,对测定样品施加30秒5kV的电压。若施加后5秒至30秒的平均电压小于1.0kV,则判断为合格(○),若平均电压为1.0kV以上或发生放电,则判断为不合格(×)。将结果示于表2。
(4)基于安德鲁试验方法的声学性能评价
在深沟球轴承6202中封入0.8g上面制备的测定样品,将轴承安装于安德鲁仪。加载29.4N的轴向载荷,以1,800rpm的转速旋转60秒。对于此时传递至外圈的振动,通过安德鲁仪测定安德鲁值。60秒的试验时间中,安德鲁值为3.5以上的秒数为10秒以下时判断为合格(○),超过10秒时判断为不合格(×)。将结果示于表1和表2。
(5)基于体积电阻率测定的电物性评价
体积电阻率表示在25℃下对试样施加的直流电场(V/m)与此时对试样施加的每单位截面积的电流之比,与试样的1边为1cm的立方体中相对的面间的电阻相等。体积固有电阻率基于JIS C2101中规定的电绝缘油试验方法进行测定。将结果示于表1和表2。
[表1]
[表2]
Claims (11)
1.一种润滑剂组合物,包含基础油和相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~0.08质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种,并且,稠度为200~440。
2.一种润滑剂组合物,包含基础油、相对于组合物的总质量为0.001~3质量%的直径为0.4~9.0nm的碳纳米管中的至少1种以及相对于组合物的总质量为大于0质量%且为10质量%以下的分散剂,并且,稠度为200~440。
3.根据权利要求2所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,分散剂为油性分散剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,分散剂为选自由磷酸酯或其盐、聚醚酯酸或其盐、磺酸或其盐、琥珀酰亚胺、山梨糖醇酐酯和聚亚烷基二醇组成的组中的至少1种。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,所述碳纳米管为单层或两层。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,所述基础油包含选自由矿物油、合成烃油、苯醚油、烷基苯油、酯油、聚二醇油、硅油、氟油和离子液体组成的组中的至少1种。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,进一步包含增稠剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,所述增稠剂包含选自由皂系增稠剂、复合皂系增稠剂、脲系增稠剂、氨基甲酸酯系增稠剂、对苯二甲酸Na、有机化膨润土、硅胶、氟系粉体、纤维状纤维素以及芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的组中的至少1种。
9.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,不含增稠剂。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的润滑剂组合物,其中,所述组合物用于汽车部件、产业机械或轴承。
11.一种汽车部件、产业机械部件或轴承,其封入有权利要求1~10中任一项所述的组合物。
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