EP3630702A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositpartikeln und von isoliermaterial zur herstellung von isolierenden produkten für die baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende verwendungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositpartikeln und von isoliermaterial zur herstellung von isolierenden produkten für die baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende verwendungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3630702A1 EP3630702A1 EP18728151.4A EP18728151A EP3630702A1 EP 3630702 A1 EP3630702 A1 EP 3630702A1 EP 18728151 A EP18728151 A EP 18728151A EP 3630702 A1 EP3630702 A1 EP 3630702A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- composite particles
- product
- insulating
- building materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940087559 grape seed Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002969 artificial stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 sulfoxyethyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical group CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001306288 Ophrys fuciflora Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- MXFYUGSDGTUVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1-(1-thiophen-2-ylcyclohexyl)piperidine Chemical compound C1CC(F)CCN1C1(C=2SC=CC=2)CCCCC1 MXFYUGSDGTUVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000033116 Asbestos intoxication Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 206010003441 asbestosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024330 bloating Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011506 clay plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/14—Colouring matters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
- C04B35/6316—Binders based on silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/067—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3409—Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/36—Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing an insulating product for the building materials industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for producing such a product and a corresponding insulating material or an insulating product.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a matrix encapsulation method for the production of composite particles in the production of an insulating product for the building material industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for the production of such a product as well as the corresponding use of the composite particles which can be produced by a matrix encapsulation method.
- building material industry preferably includes the use of the articles according to the invention in the production or as insulating and insulating material for thermal insulation and sound insulation as well as in the production or as a material for the fire protection of buildings Articles as described herein in other industries, especially in the foundry industry, are not subject of the present invention.
- expandable and foam glasses, perlites, or pumice as insulating and insulating material in the building materials industry is known.
- combination products are available on the market, for example the product "Aerosilex", which is offered as a blown aggregate of a combination of glass with silica.
- the most commonly used insulation materials made of polystyrene Because of their ease of flammability, the formation of toxic gases in the fire and disposal as hazardous waste, the market has long been looking for suitable alternatives.
- the use of phenolic foam products and polyurethane products is also in need of improvement because of their flammability and the emissions emitted by these products.
- the most common insulating materials based on organic polystyrene, phenolic foams and polyurethane have a significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to the previously used inorganic insulating materials.
- the thermal conductivities are given for expanded polystyrene as 0,035-0,045 W / (m * K), for phenolic foams as 0,021 -0,024 W / (m * K) and for polyurethane as 0, 020-0, 025W / (m * K).
- the organic insulating materials are flammable - so components made of polyurethane are classified as "normal flammable” and "flame retardant".
- Polystyrene as an insulating material decomposes above 300 ° C and then drips off, which can lead to the expansion of emerging fires. The fire protection in polystyrene must therefore be prepared or increased by adding flame retardants.
- bromine-containing compounds are usually used, but they are problematic because they can release hazardous gases in case of fire.
- Another important feature of insulating materials for use in the building materials industry is therefore a severe flammability, ideally, such insulating materials are not flammable.
- thermal conductivity of expandable and foam glass is in the range of 0.038 to 0.050 W / (m * K). These inorganic substances melt at temperatures of about 700 to 800 ° C, but are not flammable.
- Another important property of insulating materials for use in the Baustoffindust- rie is a low bulk density, so that the resulting components are lighter and the insulation effect can be further improved
- insulating materials for use in the building materials industry Another important feature of insulating materials for use in the building materials industry is a high thermal stability, ie such materials should also at high Temperatures such as occur in a fire, as little as possible and ideally not deform. This ensures that components comprising such insulating materials remain stable for a long time even in the event of a fire and damage to buildings or a building collapse is avoided for as long as possible. Also, an important property of insulating materials for use in the building materials industry is high water resistance, especially for building protection.
- the known inorganic insulating materials with flame-retardant properties include, for example, the fibrous crystallized silicate minerals such as asbestos. These are, however, because of the release of e.g. High risk of asbestosis for humans, such as asbestosis or an increase in the risk of developing lung cancer, is barely used today.
- the insulating materials when used indoors, should also have a high whiteness, so that in addition to the functionality of the building materials and an attractive aesthetic effect is achieved.
- the further processing of materials with a high degree of whiteness is often easier, for example, in cases where later a different color is to be applied to the white background.
- the document WO 98/32713 describes a lightweight material containing expanded perlite and a method for producing the same.
- the document WO 2005/087676 describes a process for the production of foam glass granules.
- the document WO 2012/031717 describes a heat-insulating fire protection molding and a method for its production.
- the document DE-OS 2214073 describes a method and an apparatus for producing expanded ceramic products.
- Document DE 10 2015 120 866 A1 (corresponding to WO 2017/093371 A1) specifies a method for producing refractory composite particles and feeder elements for the foundry industry, corresponding feeder elements and uses.
- Non-refractory solids for reducing the melting point in particular those having a melting point or a softening temperature lower than 1350 ° C., are not disclosed as constituents of the composite particles described therein.
- the procedure to be specified should result in an insulating material comprising particles with a grain size of 10 mm or less.
- the particles should above all-depending on the individual embodiment of the process to be specified-have a low bulk density and / or an excellent insulating behavior, i. have a low thermal conductivity.
- the method to be specified should comprise or enable the use or the preparation of filler particles which have one or more, preferably all, of the following properties:
- the process to be specified for producing an insulating product for the building materials industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for producing such a product should be flexibly adjustable with regard to the production and use of variable sized filler particles.
- the process should enable the preparation and use of filler particles having a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, in the manufacture of an insulating material.
- the filler particles to be produced and used should be capable of variable composition. Due to this variability and flexibility of the method to be specified, it should be possible to produce an insulating material whose material properties are individually adapted to the needs of the individual case.
- the process to be specified for the manufacture of an insulating product for the building materials industry or of an insulating material as an intermediate for the production of such a product should thus be more independent of the market availability of filler particles of defined size and composition than the previous corresponding methods.
- the invention is based i.a. based on the knowledge that by matrix encapsulation (encapsulation) of the starting materials specified in step (a1) (see point (i) to (iv) in step (a1)) composite particles can be prepared which have the primary properties listed above.
- step (b) preparing the insulating product for the building materials industry or the insulating material as an intermediate for producing such a product using the composite particles of step (a). Further preferred is a method according to the invention as described above (in particular a method, referred to above or below as preferred), wherein the produced insulating product for the building material industry or the produced insulating material as an intermediate product for producing such a product is selected from the group consisting of :
- Indoor and outdoor wall and ceiling cladding preferably foundations, lightweight panels, preferably lightweight panels in refurbishment and modernization, and / or acoustic panels;
- Plaster systems preferably thick-layer plaster systems, in interior and exterior areas, preferably renovation plasters, plaster and dry mortar systems, tile adhesives, construction adhesives, leveling compounds, fillers, sealants, fillers, wall fillers and / or clay plasters; Thin-layer systems, preferably emulsion paints and / or wallpapers and resin systems for the building materials industry, preferably polymer concrete and / or mineral cast, artificial stones, composite bricks and / or sanitary precast elements.
- the composite particles produced in the process according to the invention have a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, determined by sieving.
- the determination by sieving is carried out according to DIN 66165-2 (4.1987) using the method F mentioned there (machine screening with moving single sieve or sieve set in gaseous static fluid).
- a vibrating sieve machine of the type RETSCH AS 200 control is used; while the amplitude is set to level 2; there is no interval sieving, the sieving time is 1 minute.
- the composite particles produced by the process according to the invention are furthermore non-flammable and nonflammable.
- the composite particles produced by the process according to the invention are also free-flowing.
- a particle or material for example a quantity of particles of the same composition
- a particle or material is considered to be thermally stable if the particle or the material does not melt below a given upper temperature limit (eg 1100 ° C.) or if it loses its value spatial shape softens or even decomposes.
- a given upper temperature limit eg 1100 ° C.
- producing drops of a suspension from at least the following starting materials comprises “dropping a suspension of exclusively the following starting materials” and “producing drops of a suspension of the following starting materials and other starting materials”.
- Encapsulation process is understood in the present text to mean a process in which droplets of a suspension (or dispersion) are initially produced, wherein the suspension (or dispersion) comprises one or more solid or liquid substances present in a matrix (continuous Phase) are suspended. From the droplets composite particles are produced by solidification and optionally subsequent treatment.
- the method according to the invention comprises a specific matrix encapsulation method with the sub-steps defined above. From the matrix encapsulation process, a typical process for producing core-shell particles differs in that in core-shell particles, the shell material encases only a single core. This single core of a typical core-shell particle usually does not comprise a binder which binds other constituents of the core.
- Density-reducing substances in the context of the present invention are substances whose use in the process according to the invention results in a reduced bulk density of the composite particles resulting in step (a3) being achieved, in comparison with a non-inventive (comparative process which is carried out in an identical manner
- an applied blowing agent or pyrolysable filler used may or may not be pyrolysed. a3)) puffs an inserted blowing agent or pyrolyses an inserted pyrolysable filler, it fulfills the criterion "density-reducing”.
- Light fillers used according to the invention are fillers each having a bulk density in the range from 10 to 350 g / L.
- Preferred light fillers for use in the process according to the invention are spheres, preferably spheres of fly ash, such as Spheres "Fillite 106" from Omya GmbH, or Glass such as the glass with the name "GHL 450" of the company LÜH Georg H. Lüh GmbH, the product with the name “JJ Glass Bubbles” of the company Jebsen & Jessen GmbH & Co. KG, the product with the name " Q-cel®300 “from Potters Industries or the products” K1 ",” K15 “or” K20 “from 3M.
- “Blowing agents” are substances which, upon treatment of the hardened drops in step (a3), eg during heating, inflate or release expanding gases and thereby generate voids in the composite particle.
- “Pyrolysable fillers” are fillers that are partially or completely, preferably completely, pyrolyzed upon treatment of the cured drops in step (a3), for example, upon heating.
- a pyrolyzable filler may simultaneously be a light filler having a bulk density in the range of 10 to 350 g / L.
- a pyrolyzable filler may simultaneously be a blowing agent.
- a blowing agent may simultaneously be a light filler having a bulk density in the range of 10 to 350 g / L.
- Composite particles which are produced in step (a) of the process according to the invention have, due to the use of the density-reducing substances in step (ii), a particularly low but individually adjusted bulk density according to the requirements of the individual case and in particular when blowing agents and / or pyrolyzable fillers are used a high, but individually adjusted according to the needs of the individual case porosity, so that the resulting individually manufactured composite particles have a high insulation effect and a low bulk density.
- Non-refractory solids used according to the invention are inorganic solids which serve to reduce the melting point of the composite particles in step (a1) (see point (iii)). "Non-refractory solids” do not fulfill the requirements for fire resistance or to the criterion "refractory” according to DIN 51060: 2000-06.
- Density-reducing substances according to step (a1), point (ii) of the process according to the invention can not also be "non-refractory solids" for the purposes of the present text.
- Solids for reducing the melting point of the composite particles are inorganic materials selected from the group consisting of amorphous oxides, amorphous silicates, crystalline oxides and crystalline silicates and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicates and crystalline silicates, and / or (preferably "and") have a melting point or a softening temperature which is lower than 1350 ° C.
- the softening temperature is determined according to the standard DIN 51730 (1998-4) (or ISO 540: 1995-03). It has been found that the use of the abovementioned non-refractory solids preferably used in accordance with the invention makes it possible to produce the composite particles at temperatures below 1000 ° C., but the composite particles produced nevertheless have a high thermal resistance (measured as "softening temperature"). , which is generally above 1000 ° C.
- a process according to the invention as described above is preferred, wherein the one or more non-refractory solids used as additional starting material (iii) are selected for reducing the melting point of the composite particles the group consisting of: glass flours, feldspar, boric acid and boron salts such as sodium tetraborate and sodium perborate, preferably the one or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory solids to reduce the melting point of the composite particles is selected from the group consisting of glass flours and albite, more preferably selected is from the group of glass flours with a brightness> 80, and / or is selected from the group of recycled glass flours.
- the one or more non-refractory solids used as additional starting material (iii) are selected for reducing the melting point of the composite particles the group consisting of: glass flours, feldspar, boric acid and boron salts such as sodium tetraborate and sodium perborate, preferably the one or at least one of the plurality of non-
- the "whiteness” means the whiteness according to Tappi (whiteness R457), preferably measured with a Minolta CM-2600 d spectrometer (see manufacturer's instructions on its website at the address: https: //www.konicaminolta .eu / en / messqeraete / products / colorimetry / spectrophotometer-portable / cm-2600d-cm-2500d / technical-data.html), with the following settings: Medium orifice (MAV), measurement with and without gloss (SCI + SCE) and 0% UV content The measured values are read in accordance with the following specifications: standard illuminant C, observer angle 2 ° (C-2), without gloss and with 0% UV (SCE / 0).
- MAV Medium orifice
- SCI + SCE measurement with and without gloss
- 0% UV content The measured values are read in accordance with the following specifications: standard illuminant C, observer angle 2 ° (C-2),
- Glass powders are particularly suitable as non-refractory solids in the process according to the invention due to their already advantageous properties such as high grain strength, high whiteness, fire resistance (especially non-flammability), frost resistance, insulating effect and chemical resistance. Recycling glass flours require as a further advantage only a relatively low energy consumption in the production.
- Albite also referred to as soda feldspar
- the total amount of non-refractory solids used as component (iii) is preferably in the range from 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3 to 18% by weight .-% and most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt .-%.
- the non-refractory solids used as component (iii) having a particle size distribution determined by laser diffraction as the D50 value in the range of 3 to 60 ⁇ , preferably in the range of 4 to 50 ⁇ , more preferably in the range of 5 to 40 ⁇ .
- the particle size distributions determined in the context of the present invention as "D50 values” are preferably determined and indicated in a manner known per se by laser diffraction as D50 values of the cumulative frequency distribution of the volume-averaged size distribution function, ie that in each case 50% by volume of the corresponding investigated particles has a particle size
- the size distribution curve of the corresponding particles is preferably determined in accordance with ISO 13320-1 (1999), preferably with a "Mastersizer 3000" laser diffraction apparatus from Malvern, Great Britain, according to manufacturer's instructions.
- the evaluation of the scattered light signals is preferably carried out according to the Mie theory, which also takes into account refractive and absorption behavior of the corresponding particles.
- non-refractory solids used as component (iii) above may be used singly or in combination with each other. Preference is furthermore given to a method according to the invention as described above (in particular a method which is referred to above or below as preferred), wherein in step (a1) as colorant for white color, in component (i) one or more substances selected from the group consisting from phyllosilicates and clays and / or in component (iii) one or more non-refractory solids for reducing the melting point of the composite particles, preferably glass flours and / or albite, and / or as additional constituent one or more additional starting materials, preferably selected from the group the refractory solids, more preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, cristobalite, alumina are used.
- Insulating materials with a high degree of whiteness are in high demand in the building materials industry, as they not only have a high aesthetic effect, but also often facilitate practical finishing or further processing, in particular with paints. For example, on white surfaces, often less painting work is necessary, or paintings on white surfaces are often more color intensive or colourfast.
- step (a1) the production of drops by means of one or more nozzles, preferably vibration nozzles, takes place and / or in step (a2) the solidification of the solidifiable liquid is induced by cooling, drying or chemical reaction.
- step (a1) The use of one or more nozzles, preferably vibration nozzles, is preferred in step (a1) in order to produce the composite particles in a time-efficient manner and with as uniform as possible a grain size.
- step (a1) is a chemical-solidifiable liquid and in step (a2) solidifying the solidifiable liquid is induced by chemical reaction.
- the solidification of the solidifiable liquid by chemical reaction has the advantage that this process is usually irreversible and also fast enough, so that when dripping and thus solidifying the solidifiable liquid, the solidifiable liquid usually retains the shape of the drop.
- Solidification by physical methods e.g. Cooling or drying are reversible in some cases and may in these cases be e.g. be reversed by the supply of heat or moisture (at least partially).
- the solidifiable liquid is a solidifiable by cation exchange reaction liquid, preferably by reaction with calcium ions and / or barium ions and / or manganese ions, preferably by reaction with calcium ions, solidifiable liquid.
- Cation exchange reactions have the advantage in practice that they are regularly completed in a relatively short period of time.
- step (a2) preference is given to carrying out a cation exchange reaction in which the solidifiable liquid contains monovalent cations and is brought into contact with calcium ions so as to solidify the solidifiable liquid; Instead of calcium ions but also barium ions or manganese ions can be used. Monovalent cations contained in the solidifiable liquid are exchanged for calcium ions in the preferred procedure to solidify the solidifiable liquid. Calcium ions have a good balance between charge and ion mobility.
- the charge of the cation which is to be exchanged with the monovalent cation present in the solidifiable liquid should be as high as possible so that sparingly soluble compounds are formed during the cation exchange.
- the cation should also have the highest possible ion mobility, so that the desired chemical reaction proceeds as quickly as possible.
- the ion mobility of cations decreases with increasing cationic charge.
- the solidifiable liquid is a liquid which can be solidified by reaction with calcium ions and which comprises one or more binders selected from the group consisting of Group consisting of alginate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan and sulfoxyethyl cellulose, and / or (preferably "and") an aqueous solution, wherein the solidifiable liquid is preferably an aqueous alginate solution, the solidifiable liquid particularly preferably an aqueous sodium alginate solution. natments is.
- Alginate solutions in particular sodium alginate solutions, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution, are particularly suitable for use as a liquid which can be solidified by reaction with calcium ions in a process according to the invention, since they are environmentally friendly, degradable and, in particular, non-toxic.
- alginate solutions can be solidified reproducibly and standardized.
- step (a) a density reducing substance of component (ii) used light fillers, preferably with a particle size smaller than 0.4 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.3 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.2 mm , determined by sieving (for determination method according to DIN 66165-2 (4.1987) see above), selected from the group consisting of: inorganic hollow spheres, preferably borosilicate glass, organic hollow spheres, particles of porous and / or foamed material, rice husk ash, nuclear Shell particles and calcined diatomaceous earth and / or wherein the or at least one of the blowing agent used as component (ii) in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of:
- Rice husk ash preferably rice husk ash with a high content of carbon, e.g. a rice husk ash with the name "Nermat AF ( ⁇ 80 ⁇ )" from Refracture, and / or wherein the or at least one of the pyrolyzable fillers used as component (ii) in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of:
- Plastic beads preferably plastic beads "Expancel® 091 DE 80 d30" or “Expancel® 920 DE 80” from Akzo Nobel or plastic beads "SPHERE ONE EXTENDOSPHERES TM PM 6550 Hollow Plastic Spheres” from KISH Company Inc. and
- Styrofoam balls preferably Styroporkugeln "F655-N" Fa. BASF.
- the total amount of the density-reducing substances used as component (ii) is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 14% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 1.0 to 10 Wt .-% and most preferably in the range of 3 to 7 wt .-%.
- the total amount of light fillers used being in the range up to 30% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1 to 10% by weight.
- the above light fillers used as component (ii) may be used singly or in combination with each other.
- the above pyrolyzable fillers used as component (ii) may be used singly or in combination with each other.
- blowing agents used as component (ii) in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of: - wood flour, preferably wood flour with the name "wood flour Ligno-Tech 120mesh TR” from the company. Brandenburg wood mill, Corn flour, preferably corn flour with the name “maize flour” MK100 "from the company Hummel,
- blowing agents used as component (ii) may be used singly or in combination with each other.
- the light fillers, blowing agents and pyrolyzable fillers used above as components (ii) can each be used individually or in combination with one another.
- the above-mentioned density reducing substances for producing composite particles having particularly low bulk density are widely available in the market. Their use in the process according to the invention enables the reproducible production of lightweight, flame-retardant insulating products for the building materials industry or of insulating materials for the production of such products, each with excellent insulating properties.
- step (a1) one or more refractory solids are used as additional starting material for producing a further dispersed phase in a proportion of not more than 10 wt .-%, based on the total amount of solid constituents of the suspension prepared in step (a1), wherein preferably or at least one of the additionally used in step (a1) refractory solids is selected from the group consisting out:
- Alumina e.g., CAS No. 21645-51-2
- zirconia e.g., CAS number 1314-23-4
- titania e.g., CAS number 13463-67-7
- - silica e.g., quartz with the CAS number: 14808-60-7 or glassy SiO 2 with the CAS numbers: 60676-86-0
- Magnesium oxide (e.g., CAS number: 1309-48-4),
- Calcium oxide (e.g., CAS number 1305-78-8),
- Calcium silicate (e.g., CAS number: 1344-95-2),
- refractory in the context of the present invention has the meaning corresponding to the definition in the standard DIN 51060: 2000-06.
- the above-mentioned refractory solids may be used singly or in combination.
- Refractory solids optionally used in step (a1) are preferably particles, preferably particles of refractory solids, preferably refractory solids having a particle size of less than 0.1 mm, preferably determined by sieving according to DIN 66165-2 (4.1987) using the process mentioned therein D (machine screening with resting single screen in gaseous agitated fluid, with air jet sieve).
- additional refractory solids can - depending on the intended use of the insulating product according to the invention or the insulating material as intermediate product - its degree of thermal stability and / or thermal resistance (flame retardancy) are varied.
- a method according to the invention as described above in particular a method which is referred to above or below as preferred, wherein the or at least one of the substances used in step (a1) as a substance of the component (i) is selected from the group consisting of sheet silicates and clays which do not melt incongruently below 1500 ° C and / or is selected from the group consisting of - the sheet silicates kaolinite, montmorillonite and lllite, and the clays kaolin and bentonite.
- incongruent melting in the context of the present invention and according to the meaning customary in the art means a melting process in which the solid starting phase decomposes on melting and / or reacts with the resulting liquid phase liquid phase has a different chemical composition than the solid starting phase.
- the phyllosilicates and / or clays preferably used in the process according to the invention preferably clays, particularly preferably kaolin, can pass into a different phase of particular thermal resistance even at comparatively low temperatures during a thermal treatment in step (a3) and thus, inter alia, to a better thermal stability contributing to the composite particles produced.
- Such a phase transition can usually be detected by XRD measurement.
- the above preferred layered silicates may be used alone or in combination with each other.
- kaolins for use as sheet silicates in step (a1) are:
- the above particularly preferred kaolins may be used singly or in combination with each other.
- a particularly preferred bentonite for use as clay in step (a1) is "Bentonit® Volclay” from the company Süd Chemie.
- the above particularly preferred bentonites may be used singly or in combination with each other. Particular preference is given to a process according to the invention as described above (in particular a process which is referred to above or below as preferred), wherein the total amount of the phyllosilicates and clays used as component (i) in the range of 2 to 40 wt .-%, preferably in Range of 5 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the suspension prepared in step (a1).
- the total amount of the layered silicates and clays used as component (i) is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 14% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 0 10 wt .-% and most preferably in the range of 3 to 7 wt .-%.
- step (a3) is carried out so that the bulk density of the resulting in step (a3) composite particles is lower than that Bulk density of the hardened droplets in the dried state (this is particularly easy when using density reducing substances selected from the group consisting of blowing agents and pyrolyzable fillers, if the treatment is carried out so that it leads to bloating of the blowing agents or to pyrolyzing the pyrolyzable fillers ) and / or the said composite particles resulting in step (a3) have a bulk density ⁇ 500 g / L, preferably ⁇ 400 g / L, more preferably ⁇ 300 g / L.
- a targeted treatment of the hardened droplets in step (a3) results in many
- the required bulk density reduction can be achieved (eg by pyrolyzing components or by reacting with the release of expanding gases).
- the dimensional stability or thermal stability of the resulting from the cured droplets composite particle is surprisingly not adversely affected.
- a process according to the invention as described above is preferred, wherein the composite particles resulting in step (a3) wholly or partly a grain size ⁇ 1, 5mm, preferably at least partially have a particle size in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably at least partially have a particle size in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, determined by sieving (for the determination method according to DIN 66165-2 (US Pat. 4.1987) see above).
- Composite particles having a particle size of less than 1.5 mm and produced by the process according to the invention have a good bulkiness and can be processed particularly well as an insulating product for the building materials industry or as an insulating material as an intermediate product for this purpose; their preparation in step (a) of the process according to the invention is therefore preferred.
- component (ii) comprises one or more blowing agents as density-reducing substance or substances and the treatment according to step (a3) is carried out in this way that the one or more blowing agents puff and thereby form cavities in the resulting composite and / or one or more pyrolyzable fillers and the treatment according to step (a3) is carried out so that the pyrolyzed or more pyrolyzable fillers and thereby voids in the resulting Form composite particles.
- step (a3) is a particular aspect of the present invention when using blowing agents or pyrolyzable fillers, since this significantly reduces the bulk density of the resulting composite particles and increases the insulating effect.
- Quantity and particle size of the blowing agents or the pyrolyzable fillers are relevant parameters for the bulk density and porosity of the resulting composite particles.
- step (a1) comprises at least one clay, preferably containing kaolinite and / or lllit, and / or wherein the treatment according to step (a3) comprises sintering at a temperature in the range of 900 to 980 ° C, preferably forming a sintered composite.
- step (a3) Further preferred is a method according to the invention as described above (in particular a method which is referred to above or below as preferred), wherein during sintering in step (a3), a temperature of 1000 ° C is not exceeded.
- a procedure at such a comparatively low temperature is particularly favorable, since the method in this way without special technical measures (as would be necessary when carrying out reactions above 1000 ° C), for example, in a conventional rotary kiln can be performed and a comparatively low energy consumption Has. It is achieved according to the inventive method already under these conditions, a sintering of the surface of the resulting composite particles, wherein the surface is reduced, but their internal porosity is not significantly reduced. As a result, this sintering leads to a once again significantly increased strength of the composite particles produced by the process according to the invention in comparison with composite particles produced by similar processes of the prior art.
- step (a3) the hardened droplets are sintered so that solid particles result as an intermediate, and then the surface of these solid particles is sealed, preferably by means of an organic coating agent or a silicon-containing binder, so that the said composite particles result.
- step (a3) the use of other inorganic coating composition is advantageous.
- step (a3) the hardened drops are washed before sintering, and preferably the resulting washed drops are dried.
- further treatment steps are then carried out, preferably treatment steps, as described above as being preferred.
- a particularly preferred organic coating agent is egg white, which is preferably applied in the form of an aqueous solution.
- An aqueous egg white solution is preferably prepared by mixing a protein powder with water.
- Corresponding egg whisker solutions are e.g. made with:
- Protein powder standard (product number 150061) from NOVENTUM Foods
- - protein powder High Whip (product number 150062) from NOVENTUM Foods
- Protein powder High Gel (product number 150063) from NOVENTUM Foods.
- Egg white is particularly preferred as an organic coating agent because it seals the surface of the composite particles outstandingly and thus advantageously reduces their ability to absorb binder.
- Non-organic coating agents are silicon-containing binders, preferably alkoxysilanes ("silanes”) and / or alkoxysiloxane (“siloxane”) mixtures, in particular the product SILRES® BS 3003 from Wacker Silicones Coating agents such as the preferred alkoxysilanes and alkoxysiloxane mixtures have the advantage of being water repellent and heat resistant.
- the preferred coating agents as described above are readily available on the market, non-toxic and easily processable.
- step (a3) Preferred is a method as described above (in particular a method which is referred to above or below as being preferred), wherein the composite particles resulting in step (a3) are characterized by:
- (G) a softening temperature> 900 ° C, preferably> 1000 ° C, more preferably> 1200 ° C, determined by means of heating microscopy (for determination method see above).
- the composite particles resulting in step (a3) are characterized by:
- (G) a softening temperature> 900 ° C, preferably> 1000 ° C, more preferably> 1200 ° C, determined by means of heating microscopy (for determination method see above).
- the "thermal conductivity value” is determined according to the standard DIN EN 12667: 2001-05, determination of the forward resistance according to the method with the plate device and the heat flow measuring plate device (products with high and medium heat resistance).
- the "alkali resistance" of the composite particles is determined by the following method: 5 g of the composite particles to be examined are weighed, completely covered with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (pH 14) and thus under laboratory conditions (25 ° C., normal pressure) for The composite particles are then filtered off from the sodium hydroxide solution, washed with water until neutral, dried (drying oven, 105 ° C., preferably to constant weight), and weighed The weight loss after storage in the sodium hydroxide solution in percent compared to the original Weighing weight of the composite particles is used as a measure of their alkali resistance.
- the "water absorbency” is determined according to the method according to Enslin.
- the method is known to the person skilled in the art and uses the so-called “Enslin apparatus", in which a glass suction chute is connected to a graduated pipette via a hose.
- the pipette is mounted horizontally so that it is level with the glass frit.
- a water intake of 1, 5 mL / g thus corresponds to a water absorption of 1, 5 ml of water per 1 g of composite particles.
- the evaluation is carried out according to DIN 18132: 2012-04.
- the "water solubility" of the composite particles is determined by the following method: 5 g of the composite particles to be investigated are weighed in and completely covered with water by adding 100 ml of aq., And so under laboratory conditions (25 ° C., normal pressure The composite particles are then filtered off, dried (drying oven, 105 ° C., preferably to constant weight) and weighed The weight loss after storage in water in percent compared to the original weight of the composite particles is used as a measure of their water solubility used.
- the droplets produced in step (a1) comprise a suspension as dispersed phases
- Light fillers having a bulk density in the range of 10 to 350 g / L and with a particle size of less than 0.4 mm, more preferably less than 0.3 mm, most preferably less than 0.2 mm, determined by sieving (for the determination method see above), selected from the group consisting of o inorganic hollow spheres, preferably of borosilicate glass, organic hollow spheres, particles of porous and / or foamed material, preferably porous and / or foamed glass, rice husk ash, core-shell particles and calcined diatomaceous earth, blowing agent selected from the group consisting of o carbonates , Bicarbonates and oxalates, preferably with cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and oxalates, o vegetable flours selected from the group consisting of coconut shell meal, walnut shell meal, grape seed flour, olive kernel flour, wheat flour Cornmeal, wood flour, sunflower
- the invention also relates to the use of a matrix encapsulation method, preferably using a nozzle, particularly preferably using a vibrating nozzle, for the production of composite particles having a bulk density ⁇ 500 g / L, preferably ⁇ 400 g / L, particularly preferably ⁇ 300 g / L in the manufacture of an insulating product for the building materials industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for the production of such a product
- This aspect of the invention is based i.a. on the surprising finding that the use of such prepared composite particles having a bulk density of ⁇ 500 g / L, preferably ⁇ 400 g / L, more preferably ⁇ 300 g / L, very light, well insulating insulating products for the building materials industry or insulating materials as an intermediate for their preparation with preferably high alkali resistance results.
- the explanations given for the method according to the invention apply correspondingly.
- the invention also relates to the use of composite particles producible by a matrix encapsulation method, as an intermediate for the production of an insulating product for the building material industry or as an ingredient of an insulating product for the building material industry.
- Plaster systems preferably thick-layer plaster systems, indoors and outdoors, preferably in renovation plasters, plaster and dry mortar systems, tile adhesives, building adhesives, leveling compounds, fillers, sealants, fillers, wall fillers and / or clay plaster; thin-layer systems, preferably in emulsion paints and / or wallpapers and in - resin systems for the building materials industry, preferably in polymer concrete and / or mineral cast, artificial stones, composite bricks and / or sanitary precast is used.
- the present invention also relates to an insulating product for the building material industry or an insulating material for producing such a product, comprising a number of composite particles having a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 2 mm (for determination method see above) comprising
- step (a3) comprises sintering the hardened droplets, preferably sintering at a temperature in the range of 900 to 980 ° C
- the particles embedded in the sintering composite of one or more Substances may be or comprise either the phyllosilicates and / or clays originally used in step (a1), or phyllosilicates and / or clays completely or partially converted by sintering may have originated from these phyllosilicates and / or clays originally used in step (a1) ,
- kaolins such as kaolins, eg "Chinafill 100" or “kaolin TEC” from the company Amberger Kaolinwerke and “Käriere Blautonmehl” from the company Käriere clay and Schamottewerke Mannheim & Co. KG - in a thermal treatment in step (a3) pass into another phase of particular thermal resistance even at comparatively low temperatures, thus contributing, inter alia, to a better thermal stability of the composite particles produced in processes according to the invention the hardened drop is heated to a temperature in the range of 900 to 980 ° C, so that, for example, kaolinite passes over intermediate phases in the refractory solid mullite.This phase transition can usually be detected by XRD measurement.
- an insulating product according to the invention for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above in particular an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, which is referred to above or below as being preferred
- the composite particles are also characterized by
- (G) a softening temperature> 900 ° C, preferably> 1000 ° C, more preferably> 1200 ° C, determined by means of heating microscopy (for determination method see above).
- an insulating product according to the invention for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above in particular an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, which is referred to above or below as preferred
- in the sintered composite of particles of one or more non-refractory solids, a non-refractory solid or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory solids, selected from the group consisting of amorphous oxides, amorphous silicates, crystalline oxides and crystalline silicates and mixtures thereof are preferably selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicates and crystalline silicates, and / or (preferably "and") has a melting point or a softening temperature, which is lower than 1350 ° C.
- an insulating product according to the invention is also preferred for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above (in particular an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, which is referred to as preferred above or below) the composite particles as colorants for white paint one or more substances selected from the group consisting of layered silicates and clays, as embedded in the sintered composite particles, and / or one or more non-refractory solids, preferably albite, as part of the sintering composite, and / or as additional constituent one or more additional starting materials, preferably selected from the group of refractory solids, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, cristobalite and alumina.
- an insulating product according to the present invention is also preferable for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above (particularly, an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, referred to above or below as preferable) wherein the composite particles as colorant for white color one or more substances selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates and clays, as embedded in the sintered composite particles and / or one or more non-refractory solids, preferably albite, as a constituent of the sintered composite, and / or as an additional constituent one or more additional starting materials, preferably selected from the group of refractory solids, more preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, cristobalite and alumina.
- an insulating product according to the invention for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above in particular an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, which is referred to above or below as being preferred
- an insulating product according to the invention for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above embedded in the sintered composite particles of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of layered silicates and clays which do not melt congruently below 1500 ° C and / or which are selected from the group consisting of the layer silicates kaolinite, montmorillonite and lllit, and the clays kaolin and bentonite.
- an insulating product according to the invention for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product as described above (in particular, an insulating product for the building material industry or insulating material for producing such a product, which is referred to as preferred hereinbefore) a number of composite particles having a particle size ⁇ 1.5 mm, preferably a particle size in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably a particle size in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, determined by sieving (for determination method see above).
- FIG. 1 shows composite particles C19 according to the invention after sintering (heating to 950 ° C. for 30 min., Step (a3)). Light micrograph, 200x magnification.
- a sintering composite was formed within an (individual) composite particle under the process conditions.
- Such a sintered composite is the cause of the exceptional mechanical strength of the composite particles according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 In FIG. 2, the shape of the sample cube (projection) pressed from the commercially available expanded glass Liaver® (for further details see example 2) is shown before the beginning of the heating microscopy.
- the figure is characterized by the following related technical data:
- FIG. 3 In FIG. 3, the shape of the test cube pressed from the commercial expanded glass Liaver®, which has been modified by the influence of temperature, is shown at the temperature of 1250 ° C. (projection). The figure is characterized by the following related technical data: 1250 ° C / 00:23:51. It can be clearly seen that at a temperature of 1250 ° C, the original cube shape has been lost and the expanded glass completely melted. This indicates that conventional Liaver® expanded glass has no heat resistance up to 1250 ° C.
- FIG. 4 In FIG. 4, the shape of the sample cube (projection) pressed from the commercial foam glass Poraver® (for further details see example 2) is shown before the beginning of the heating microscopy.
- the figure is characterized by the following related technical data:
- Fig. 5 In Fig. 5 the modified by temperature influence shape of the pressed from the commercial foam glass Poraver® sample cube at the temperature of 1250 ° C is shown (projection). The figure is characterized by the following related technical data: 1250 ° C / 00:22:13.
- FIG. 6 shows the shape of the sample cube (projection) pressed from composite particles C19 produced by the process according to the invention before the start of the heating microscopy.
- the figure is characterized by the following related technical data:
- FIG. 7 In FIG. 7, the shape of the sample cube (projection) pressed from composite particles C19 produced by the process according to the invention is at the temperature of 1250 ° C imaged.
- the figure is characterized by the following related technical data: 1250 ° C / 00:23:49.
- the particle sizes of composite particles are determined by sieving in accordance with DIN 66165-2 (4.1987) using the method F mentioned there (machine screening with moving single sieve or sieve set in gaseous static fluid).
- a vibrating sieve machine of the type RETSCH AS 200 control is used; while the amplitude is set to level 2; there is no interval sieving, the sieving time is 1 minute.
- step (a) The determination of the particle sizes of light fillers used in step (a) as a density-reducing substance of component (ii) is also carried out according to DIN 66165-2 (4.1987) using the method F mentioned therein (machine screening with moved single sieve or sieve set in gaseous static fluid ).
- a vibrating sieve machine of the type RETSCH AS 200 control is also used; while the amplitude is set to level 2; there is no interval sieving, the sieving time is 1 minute.
- the whiteness of the samples was measured according to Tappi (whiteness R457) using a Minolta CM-2600 d spectrometer (see manufacturer's information on its website at: https://www.konicaminolta.eu/en/messqeraete/ employment/ colorimetric-measurement / spectrophotometer-portable / cm-2600d-cm-2500d / technical-data.html), with the following settings: middle orifice (MAV); Measurement with and without gloss (SCI + SCE) and 0% UV content.
- the measured values are read in accordance with the following regulations: standard illuminant C, observer angle 2 ° (C-2), without gloss and with 0% UV (SCE / 0).
- the following "L * a * b values" are used: D65-10, SCI / 0 (standard light D65, observer angle 10 ° (D65-10) including gloss and 0% UV (SCI / 0).
- the thermal conductivity values of the samples were determined according to the standard DIN EN 12667: 2001-05, determination of the on-resistance according to the method with the plate device and the heat flow measuring plate device (products with high and medium heat resistance). 7. Determination of alkali resistance
- the alkali resistance of the samples was determined by the following method: 5 g of the composite particles to be investigated were weighed, completely covered with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (pH 14) and left to stand under laboratory conditions (25 ° C., normal pressure) for 30 days , The composite particles were then filtered off from the sodium hydroxide solution, washed with water until neutral, dried (drying oven, 105 ° C.) and weighed. The weight loss after storage in the sodium hydroxide solution compared to the original weight of the composite particles was used as a measure of their alkali resistance. 8. Determination of water solubility
- the water solubility of the samples was determined according to the following procedure: 5 g of the composite particles to be investigated were weighed in and, by addition of 100 ml of aq. completely covered with water and allowed to stand under laboratory conditions (25 ° C, normal pressure) for 30 days in a closed glass vessel. Subsequently, the composite particles were filtered off, dried (drying oven, 105 ° C) and weighed. The weight loss after storage in water compared to the original weight of the composite particles was used as a measure of their water solubility.
- Heating rate 50K / min until reaching 1500 ° C (no holding time) and 3rd heating rate with 10K / min until reaching 1650 ° C (holding time 5s)
- the time of reaching the softening temperature was in accordance with the standard DIN 51730 (1998-4) (or ISO 540: 1995-03).
- composite particles (C01, C17, C19, C23, C27, C29 and C30) were prepared having a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 2 mm (hereinafter also referred to as "composite particles according to the invention"):
- a 1% strength aqueous sodium alginate solution (1% by weight of sodium alginate from the company Alpichem with CAS No. 9005-38-3 based on the total mass of the aqueous solution) was prepared.
- the dispersant Sokalan® FTCP 5 from BASF was diluted with water to prepare a corresponding dispersing solution; the mass ratio Sokalan® FTCP 5 to water was 1: 2.
- the prepared 1% sodium alginate aqueous solution and the prepared dispersing solution were then mixed in a mixing ratio shown in Tables 1a and 1b, respectively, to give a solidifiable liquid (solidifiable liquid for use as a continuous phase in the sense of the component (iv) according to the step (a1)).
- step (a1) density-reducing substances (constituent (ii) according to step (a1), light fillers, blowing agents or pyrolysable substances, in each case according to Table 1a or 1b) were subsequently added to the creamy suspension in an amount according to Table 1 below. and subsequently an amount of water according to Table 1a or 1b.
- Table 1a Ingredients for the production of composite particles according to the invention and their resulting bulk densities Composition of the suspension
- Table 1 b Ingredients for the production of composite particles according to the invention and their resulting bulk density (continuation of Table 1a)
- Poravermehl (glass flour): D50 45 ⁇ (manufacturer)
- Flat glass powder DIN 100 from ground flat glass shards, bulk density 1, 2 g / L; Whiteness R457 89%.
- the term "DIN 100" means that the flat glass powder is in the ground state, and after sieving a sample of this component with a test sieve with a nominal mesh size of 100 ⁇ (according to DIN ISO 3310-1: 2001-09) a residue in the range of 1 to 10% by weight remains, based on the amount of sample used.
- Borosilicate glass spheres Product name: "3M Glass Bubbles K1"; Bulk Density of 125 g / L - Plastic Spheres PM 6550 Sphere One Extendospheres®, Bulk Density of 50 g / L; Grain Size: 10-200 ⁇
- the size of the hardened drops was dependent on the composition of the diluted suspension, the flow rate of the pump and the vibration frequency of the nozzle. (a3) treating the hardened drops
- the composite particles produced in this way are excellent insulating materials, which are ideal as intermediates for the production of insulating products for the building materials industry.
- the measured bulk densities of the composite particles produced according to the invention are below 500 g / l.
- the bulk density of resulting composite particles according to the invention can even be reduced to below 350 g / L (see composite particle C19 in Table 1a).
- Liaver® blown glass sintered bulk density 250 g / L, grain size 0.5-1.0 mm
- Poraver® foam glass bulk density 270 g / L, grain size 0.5 - 1, 0 mm
- Aerosilex® foam glass (glass and silica), bulk density 125g / L, grain size 0.5-1, 0 mm
- the comparative materials used were the commercial materials Liaver® expanded glass and Poraver® foam glass given above in Example 2.
- Comparative material Poraver® 1, 5 It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the tested composite particles according to the invention exhibit a water absorption capacity which lies in the range of low water absorption capacity expandable and foam glasses.
- Example 4 Determination of the Softening Temperatures
- the softening temperature of composite particles produced according to the invention according to Example 1 and comparative materials of inorganic fillers or insulating materials of the prior art according to determination method No. 9 given above were determined in each case.
- the results of these determinations are listed in Table 4.
- Compound particles "C19" according to the invention (compare Table 1a) were used, Comparative materials used were the commercially available materials Liaver® expanded glass and Poraver® foam glass given above in Example 2.
- a process for producing an insulating product for the building materials industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for the production of such a product comprising the following steps:
- the one or more non-refractory solids used as additional starting material (iii) to reduce the melting point of the composite particles are inorganic materials selected from the group consisting of amorphous oxides, amorphous silicates, crystalline oxides and crystalline silicates and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicates and crystalline silicates, and / or (preferably "and") have a melting point or softening temperature lower than 1350 ° C.
- the one or more non-refractory solids used to reduce the melting point of the composite particles used as additional starting material (iii) are selected from the group consisting of glass flours, feldspar, boric acid and boron salts such as sodium tetraborate and sodium perborate wherein preferably one or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory solids for reducing the melting point of the composite particles is selected from the group consisting of glass flours and albite, more preferably selected from the group of glass flours with a brightness> 80, and / or is selected from the group of recycle glass flours.
- step (a1) as a colorant for white color, in component (i) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of layered silicates and clays and / or in component (iii) one or more non-refractory solids for reducing the melting point of the composite particles, preferably glass flours and / or albite, and / or as an additional constituent one or more additional starting materials, preferably selected from the group of refractory solids, more preferably selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, cristobalite , Alumina can be used. 5.
- step (a1) wherein in step (a1) the production of drops takes place by means of one or more nozzles, preferably vibration nozzles, and / or induces in step (a2) the solidification of the solidifiable liquid by cooling, drying or chemical reaction becomes.
- step (a1) is a solidifiable by chemical reaction liquid and in step (a2), the solidification of the solidified liquid is induced by chemical reaction.
- step (a2) the solidifiable liquid is a liquid which can be solidified by cation exchange reaction, preferably one solidifiable by reaction with calcium ions and / or barium ions and / or manganese ions, preferably by reaction with calcium ions Liquid is.
- the solidifiable liquid is a calcium ion solidifiable liquid comprising one or more binders selected from the group consisting of alginate, PVA, chitosan and sulfoxyethyl cellulose, and / or an aqueous solution wherein the solidifiable liquid is preferably an aqueous alginate solution.
- step (a) as a density reducing substance of component (ii) light fillers used, preferably having a particle size smaller than 0.4 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.3 mm , very particularly preferably less than 0.2 mm, determined by sieving, selected from the group consisting of: inorganic hollow spheres, preferably borosilicate glass, organic hollow spheres, particles of porous and / or foamed material, rice husk ash, core-shell particles and calcined diatomaceous earth and / or wherein the or at least one of the blowing agent used as component (ii) in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of:
- Vegetable flours preferably selected from the group consisting of coconut husk flour, walnut shell flour, grape seed flour, olive kernel flour, wheat flour, corn flour, wood flour, sunflower peel flour and cork flour,
- Rice husk ash, and / or wherein the or at least one of the pyrolyzable fillers used as component (ii) in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of:
- step (a1) as an additional starting material for producing a further dispersed phase one or more refractory solids are used, preferably in a proportion of not more than 10 wt .-%, based on the total amount of solid constituents of the suspension prepared in step (a1), wherein preferably the or at least one of the additional refractory solids used in step (a1) is selected from the group consisting of: Oxides of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Mg and Ca, and
- step (a1) of the component (i) is selected from the group consisting of phyllosilicates and clays which do not melt incongruent below 1500 ° C and / or is selected from the group consisting of the layer silicates kaolinite, montmorillonite and lllit, and the clays kaolin and bentonite.
- step (a3) is carried out so that the bulk density of the composite particles resulting in step (a3) is less than the bulk density of the cured droplets in the dried state and / or the said in step (a3) composite particles have a bulk density ⁇ 500 g / L, preferably ⁇ 400 g / L, more preferably ⁇ 300 g / L.
- component (ii) comprises one or more blowing agents as a density-reducing substance and the treatment according to step (a3) is carried out in such a way that the blowing agent (s) blow and thereby form cavities in the resulting composite particle and / or one or more pyrolyzable fillers and the treatment according to step (a3) is carried out in such a way that the one or more pyrolyzable fillers pyrolyise and thereby form cavities in the resulting composite particle.
- component (i) in step (a1) comprises at least one clay, preferably containing kaolinite and / or lllit, and / or wherein the treatment according to step (a3) sintering at a temperature in the range from 900 to 980 ° C, wherein preferably a sintered composite comprising the components (i), (ii) and (iii) is formed.
- step (a3) wherein during sintering in step (a3) a temperature of 1000 ° C is not exceeded.
- step (a3) wherein in step (a3) the hardened drops are sintered to result in solid particles as an intermediate, and then the surface of these solid particles is sealed, preferably by means of an organic coating agent, so that said Composite particles result.
- WG> 65 a whiteness WG> 65, preferably WG> 80, particularly preferably WG> 90, and / or
- B a thermal conductivity value at room temperature (20 ° C) YR ⁇ 0.26 W / m * K, preferably ⁇ 0.10 W / m * K, more preferably ⁇ 0.07 W / m * K, and / or
- (G) a softening temperature> 900 ° C, preferably> 1000 ° C, more preferably> 1200 ° C, determined by means of heating microscopy.
- a matrix encapsulation method preferably using a nozzle, particularly preferably using a vibrating nozzle, for producing composite particles having a bulk density ⁇ 500 g / L, preferably ⁇ 400 g / L, particularly preferably ⁇ 300 g / L, in which Preparation of an insulating product for the building materials industry or an insulating material as an intermediate for the production of such a product.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for the manufacture of such a product comprising a number of composite particles having a particle size of less than 10 mm, comprising
- (G) a softening temperature> 900 ° C, preferably> 1000 ° C, more preferably> 1200 ° C, determined by means of heating microscopy.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product according to any one of aspects 23 to 25, wherein in the sintered composite of particles of one or more non-refractory solids of a non-refractory solid or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory Solids selected from the group consisting of amorphous oxides, amorphous silicates, crystalline oxides and crystalline silicates and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicates and crystalline silicates, and / or having a melting point or softening temperature lower is 1350 ° C.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product according to one of the aspects 23 to 26, wherein in the sintered composite of particles of one or more non-refractory solids of a non-refractory solid or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory solids, is selected from the group consisting of glass flours, feldspar, boric acid and boron salts such as sodium tetraborate and sodium perborate, wherein preferably one non-refractory solid or at least one of the plurality of non-refractory solids is selected from the group consisting of glass flours and albite, more preferably is selected from the group of glass flours with a whiteness> 80, and / or is selected from the group of recycle glass flours.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product according to any one of aspects 23 to 27, wherein the composite particles as colorants for white paint one or more substances selected from the group consisting of layered silicates and clays, as embedded in the sintering composite Particles and / or one or more non-refractory solids, preferably albite, as a constituent of the sintered composite, and / or as an additional constituent one or more additional starting materials, preferably selected from the group of refractory solids, more preferably selected from the group of titanium dioxide, cristobalite and alumina.
- Insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product comprising as hollow fillers in the sintered composite embedded organic hollow spheres with a particle size of less than 0.4 mm, more preferably less than 0.3 mm, most preferably less than 0.2 mm, determined by sieving.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product comprising particles of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of layered silicates and clays not lower than 1500 ° C embedded in the sintering composite congruently melt and / or are selected from the group consisting of the layer silicates kaolinite, montmorillonite and lllit, and the clays kaolin and bentonite.
- An insulating product for the building materials industry or insulating material for producing such a product comprising a number of composite particles having a particle size ⁇ 1, 5mm, preferably a particle size in the range of 0, 1 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably a particle size in the range of 0, 1 mm to 0.3 mm, determined by sieving.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017111836.5A DE102017111836A1 (de) | 2017-05-30 | 2017-05-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kompositpartikeln und von Isoliermaterial zur Herstellung von isolierenden Produkten für die Baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende Verwendungen |
PCT/EP2018/064214 WO2018220030A1 (de) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositpartikeln und von isoliermaterial zur herstellung von isolierenden produkten für die baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende verwendungen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3630702A1 true EP3630702A1 (de) | 2020-04-08 |
Family
ID=62455512
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18728151.4A Pending EP3630702A1 (de) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-05-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositpartikeln und von isoliermaterial zur herstellung von isolierenden produkten für die baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende verwendungen |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11603334B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3630702A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2020521716A (de) |
KR (1) | KR102624132B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110891917B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112019025441A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017111836A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA201992846A1 (de) |
MX (2) | MX2019014322A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018220030A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109626979B (zh) * | 2019-02-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国计量大学 | 一种孔形可调的硅酸钙多孔陶瓷膜的制备方法 |
CN112408955B (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-10-11 | 梅河口市跃兴砂轮特耐有限责任公司 | 一种铁铝镁氧化物合成材料制品及其制造方法 |
CN113149608B (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-09-02 | 唐山雷诺瓷业有限公司 | 一种卫生陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN113845323B (zh) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-13 | 西南科技大学 | 一种高性能核壳轻集料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2214073A1 (de) | 1972-03-23 | 1973-09-27 | Hans Joachim Dr Poegel | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von geblaehten keramischen erzeugnissen |
US4256676A (en) * | 1978-11-22 | 1981-03-17 | Kovach Julius L | Process for preparing porous metal oxide beads |
US5399535A (en) | 1993-08-17 | 1995-03-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Reticulated ceramic products |
US5492870A (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1996-02-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Hollow ceramic microspheres by sol-gel dehydration with improved control over size and morphology |
US5540834A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-07-30 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Synthesis of porous inorganic particles by polymerization-induced colloid aggregation (PICA) |
DE59804312D1 (de) | 1997-01-25 | 2002-07-11 | Marmorit Gmbh | Leichtwerkstoff enthaltend geblähten perlit und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
DE102004012598A1 (de) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumglasgranulat |
JP4774721B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-12 | 2011-09-14 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 低融点ガラスおよび封着用組成物ならびに封着用ペースト |
US20110120350A1 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2011-05-26 | Debrouse Daniel R | Alginate-based building materials |
CN101654376B (zh) * | 2009-08-26 | 2012-11-28 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种多孔轻质隔热保温材料及其制备方法 |
FR2954768A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-01 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Poudre pour pise sec vitroceramique |
EP2526074A2 (de) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-11-28 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von hohlkörpern mit eingeschlossenen frei beweglichen partikeln |
DE102010044466B4 (de) | 2010-09-06 | 2012-12-20 | TDH - GmbH Technischer Dämmstoffhandel | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wärmedämmenden Brandschutzformteils und ebensolches Brandschutzformteil |
US9033040B2 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-05-19 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of composite of lightweight hollow core having adhered or embedded cement in cementing a well |
BE1022015B1 (fr) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-02-04 | Magotteaux International S.A. | Grains ceramiques et procede pour leur production. |
DE102015120866A1 (de) | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-01 | HÜTTENES-ALBERTUS Chemische Werke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von feuerfesten Kompositpartikeln und von Speiserelementen für die Gießereiindustrie, entsprechende Speiserelemente und Verwendungen |
-
2017
- 2017-05-30 DE DE102017111836.5A patent/DE102017111836A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-05-30 US US16/617,035 patent/US11603334B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-30 EP EP18728151.4A patent/EP3630702A1/de active Pending
- 2018-05-30 WO PCT/EP2018/064214 patent/WO2018220030A1/de active Application Filing
- 2018-05-30 CN CN201880046945.3A patent/CN110891917B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-30 BR BR112019025441-2A patent/BR112019025441A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2018-05-30 KR KR1020197038892A patent/KR102624132B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-05-30 JP JP2019566347A patent/JP2020521716A/ja active Pending
- 2018-05-30 MX MX2019014322A patent/MX2019014322A/es unknown
- 2018-05-30 EA EA201992846A patent/EA201992846A1/ru unknown
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 MX MX2023012569A patent/MX2023012569A/es unknown
-
2023
- 2023-02-03 US US18/164,220 patent/US20230242455A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX2023012569A (es) | 2023-11-08 |
BR112019025441A2 (pt) | 2020-06-16 |
EA201992846A1 (ru) | 2020-03-30 |
WO2018220030A1 (de) | 2018-12-06 |
CN110891917A (zh) | 2020-03-17 |
KR102624132B1 (ko) | 2024-01-15 |
DE102017111836A1 (de) | 2018-12-06 |
MX2019014322A (es) | 2020-08-03 |
JP2020521716A (ja) | 2020-07-27 |
CN110891917B (zh) | 2022-07-26 |
KR20200015617A (ko) | 2020-02-12 |
US20230242455A1 (en) | 2023-08-03 |
US11603334B2 (en) | 2023-03-14 |
US20200308067A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3630702A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von kompositpartikeln und von isoliermaterial zur herstellung von isolierenden produkten für die baustoffindustrie sowie entsprechende verwendungen | |
EP3630701A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von isoliermaterial oder eines isolierenden produkts für die feuerfestindustrie, entsprechende isoliermaterialien und produkte sowie verwendungen | |
DE19712835C3 (de) | Formkörper aus einem Leichtwerkstoff, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
EP3383565B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von feuerfesten kompositpartikeln und von speiserelementen für die giessereiindustrie, entsprechende speiserelemente und verwendungen | |
DE2808101A1 (de) | Gips-zubereitung | |
EP3257902A1 (de) | Beschichtungsmasse sowie putzbeschichtung und dämmendes bauteil | |
EP3000794B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer schaumkeramik | |
DE102007036812A1 (de) | Poröses Material, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung | |
DE60031458T2 (de) | Leichtes, wärmedämmendes geformtes produkt hoher mechanischer festigkeit und verfahren zur herstellung desselben | |
DE2926667A1 (de) | Mikroporoeses material, verfahren zu seiner herstellung, ausgangsmaterial fuer das herstellverfahren und verwendung des materials | |
DE102015201842B4 (de) | Blähglasgranulat und Verfahren zur Herstellung | |
AT515368B1 (de) | Mineralische Formulierung | |
DE2745750C3 (de) | Zementfreies Mörtelmischung und ihre Verwendung | |
DE102018201089A1 (de) | Stoffmischung zur Herstellung eines Dämmstoffes, Dämmstoff, Bauelement und Dämmung | |
AT405409B (de) | Feuerbeständiges stoffgemenge | |
EP3741734B1 (de) | Bauplatte mit hohem feuerwiderstand | |
DE2632422A1 (de) | Feuerleichtsteine auf der basis von siliciumoxynitrid | |
DE3503161C2 (de) | ||
DE102008001176B4 (de) | Formkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers | |
DE102004006172B4 (de) | Sinterkörper, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung | |
DE102008049294B4 (de) | Bauprodukt in Form eines festen Baumaterial für die Herstellung und/oder Verkleidung einer Gebäudehülle | |
DE1796260C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer schaeumbaren keramischen Masse | |
DE2308612A1 (de) | Waessriges anorganisches beschichtungsmittel | |
DE19805379A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ziegelsteines mit hoher Wärmedämmwirkung und niedriger Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstandszahl | |
DE1934855C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geschäumten keramischen Produktes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200102 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20200915 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |