EP3602593B1 - Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer lichtbogenlöschung - Google Patents

Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer lichtbogenlöschung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3602593B1
EP3602593B1 EP18708398.5A EP18708398A EP3602593B1 EP 3602593 B1 EP3602593 B1 EP 3602593B1 EP 18708398 A EP18708398 A EP 18708398A EP 3602593 B1 EP3602593 B1 EP 3602593B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
contact
arc
switch device
pole plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18708398.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3602593A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Kralik
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Schaltbau GmbH
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Filing date
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Publication of EP3602593A1 publication Critical patent/EP3602593A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/446—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using magnetisable elements associated with the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • a generic switching device has at least one contact point and a permanent-magnetic arc blowing device assigned to the contact point.
  • the arc blower has a first side pole plate, a second side pole plate, a central pole plate arranged between them and at least one first permanent magnet for generating a magnetic blowout field.
  • the at least one first permanent magnet is in contact with at least one of the pole plates either directly or via a magnetic conductor and is arranged in such a way that a first magnetic field area of the blowout field is between the first lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate, and a second magnetic field area is between the second lateral pole plate and the middle pole plate of the blowout field, wherein magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field area are aligned opposite to magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field area, and wherein the blowout field also has a transition area that connects the first magnetic field area and the second magnetic field area to one another.
  • the alignment of the magnetic field lines in the transition area is equalized, starting from the first magnetic field area and the second magnetic field area, towards the contact point, so that a switching arc occurring when the contact point is opened within the transition area, depending on the direction of the current, starting from the contact point either into the first magnetic field area or guided into the second magnetic field area and blown away from the contact point in the same direction in both cases.
  • the three pole plates are essentially aligned parallel to one another.
  • two first permanent magnets are provided, with the two first permanent magnets having opposite polarity to one another.
  • the first two permanent magnets can either be assigned to one of the two side pole plates or they can also be arranged on opposite sides of the central pole plate.
  • the two side pole plates are each connected to the center pole plate, for example via a magnetic conductor or return path.
  • the first permanent magnets can be part of this magnetic connection or they can themselves form the connecting element between the lateral and middle pole plates.
  • a switching device offers the advantage that bidirectional operation of the switching device is possible, with only a single Arc extinguishing device is required. After a direction-dependent deflection into the first or second magnetic field area, the switching arc is always blown away from the contact point in the same direction, regardless of the direction of the current, so that the switching arc can be extinguished in one and the same arc extinguishing device, regardless of the direction of the current.
  • the arc quenching device required for this can be of any desired design and is not the subject of the present application. For example, it can be a conventional arc quenching chamber with several ceramic quenching elements or quenching plates. Since the blowout field is generated purely with permanent magnets, no blowout coils are required.
  • the generic switching devices are therefore relatively compact, light and also inexpensive.
  • a generic switching device is, for example, from DE 10 2015 000 796 A1 , out of EP 3048626 A1 and from US2012145675A1 known. From the U.S. 9,406,465 B1 a switching device is known in which permanent magnets for generating the magnetic blowout field are arranged in the vicinity of the contact point.
  • the JP S59 14219 A describes a switching device with a permanent and electrically generated magnetic field that blows the switching arc away from the contact point at an angle.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the task of further developing a switching device of the generic type in such a way that a reliable arcing behavior can be ensured with a correspondingly larger design of the switching device. A cost-effective production of the switching device should continue to be possible.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention if the arc blowing device has at least one second permanent magnet as an auxiliary magnet, with the auxiliary magnet being in the immediate vicinity in this way is arranged to the contact point that at least part of the magnetic field of the auxiliary magnet strengthens the blowout field in the transition area.
  • the solution according to the invention enables reliable arcing behavior in a particularly cost-effective manner with a correspondingly large design of the switching device.
  • the auxiliary magnet fulfills a different function than the first permanent magnet or magnets.
  • the first permanent magnet or permanent magnets are assigned to at least one of the three pole plates and are therefore in magnetic connection with the corresponding pole plate either directly or via a corresponding magnetic yoke. This is not the case with the auxiliary magnet as defined in claim 1 of the present invention.
  • the auxiliary magnet is not in direct contact with any of the three pole plates and is also not connected to the pole plates via a corresponding magnetic conductor.
  • the function of the auxiliary magnet is to increase the magnetic field only in the transition area of the magnetic blowout field. This amplification is limited to the transition region and does not affect the first or second magnetic field region.
  • the auxiliary magnet is arranged in such a way that it is plane-symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry of the arc blowing device, which is defined by the extension plane of the middle pole plate. In this way, a symmetrical amplification of the magnetic field in the transition area is brought about. Since the auxiliary magnet is arranged in the middle, so to speak, in particular in relation to the contact point and the arc blowing device, amplification takes place in the particularly critical area, namely where the arc occurs.
  • a direction of magnetization of the auxiliary magnet encloses a right angle both to the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field area and to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field area.
  • auxiliary magnet In the simplest case, only a single auxiliary magnet is provided. However, a plurality of auxiliary magnets can also be arranged in such a way that they each reinforce a section of the transition region of the magnetic blowout field.
  • the switching device according to the invention can be produced inexpensively if standard components can be used for the auxiliary magnet.
  • Inexpensive permanent magnets have a cuboid or cylindrical shape.
  • the auxiliary magnet can also represent a ring segment and be magnetized radially.
  • the auxiliary magnet when using a single auxiliary magnet, it is possible to increase the magnetic blowout field in a relatively large section of the transition region.
  • the auxiliary magnet also be designed in such a way that it strengthens the magnetic blowout field in the entire transition area. In this case, the auxiliary magnet would be a ring segment that extends over 180°.
  • two auxiliary magnets are provided, the two auxiliary magnets being arranged symmetrically to one another in relation to the plane of symmetry of the blower device, which is defined by the plane of extent of the central pole plate.
  • a relatively large portion of the transition region can be reinforced using inexpensive off-the-shelf permanent magnets.
  • the direction of magnetization of the two auxiliary magnets encloses an angle to the plane of symmetry that is greater than 0° and less than 90°. More preferably, the angle is in the range between 5° and 45°. The angle is particularly preferably in the range between 5° and 30°.
  • the contact point has a first contact and a second contact, the first and second contacts being able to be brought into contact with one another when the switching device is actuated, and the auxiliary magnet being arranged on that side of the first or second contact facing away from the other contact.
  • the auxiliary magnet can be arranged in such a way that part of its magnetic field strengthens the blowout field in the transition region, with the remaining part of the magnetic field of the auxiliary magnet not adversely affecting the blowout field.
  • the contacts are preferably made of a non-magnetic metal, preferably copper. They therefore do not affect the magnetic field of the auxiliary magnet in any way.
  • the auxiliary magnet can be firmly connected to the respective contact in a simple manner.
  • the auxiliary magnet can be glued or screwed to the corresponding contact.
  • the auxiliary magnet is particularly preferably held in a corresponding recess in a housing of the switching device.
  • the housing can be made of plastic, for example.
  • the auxiliary magnet is a rare earth magnet.
  • figure 1 shows an oblique view of a switching device 1 according to the invention.
  • the switching device is a single-pole contactor.
  • figure 2 shows a section through the switch according to the invention figure 1 along the in figure 1 marked cutting line II.
  • Figure III shows a section through the switch according to the invention figure 1 along the in figure 1 marked cutting line III.
  • Figure IV shows a section through the switch according to the invention figure 1 along the in figure 1 drawn cutting line IV.
  • the contactor 1 has two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2, which are each electrically connected to an associated connection contact 8.1, 8.2.
  • the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2 can be electrically connected to one another by means of a contact bridge 10.
  • the contact bridge 10 is actuated by the armature of an electromagnetic drive 19 and has two movable contacts 9.1, 9.2. When the contacts close, the first movable contact 9.1 comes into contact with the first fixed contact 7.1.
  • the second movable contact 9.2 contacts the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • the chassis 20 of the switching device, to which the electromagnetic drive is attached, is identified by the reference number 20 in the figures.
  • the pairing of first fixed contact 7.1 and first movable contact 9.1 is referred to below as the first contact point.
  • the pairing of the second contact 7.2 and the second movable contact 9.2 is referred to as the second contact point.
  • the switching device has an arc blower device for each of the two contact points in order to blow the switching arc away from the contact point.
  • Each of the two arc blowing devices is assigned an arc extinguishing device 5.1 or 5.2.
  • the two arc extinguishing devices 5.1 and 5.2 are arranged on opposite sides of the housing.
  • the first arc extinguishing device 5.1 is assigned to the first contact point 7.1/9.1.
  • the second arc extinguishing device 5.2 is assigned to the second contact point 7.2/9.2.
  • a third arc extinguishing device 5.3 is also arranged on the upper side of the housing and is assigned to both the first and the second contact point.
  • the third arc quenching device increases the quenching potential if necessary. Parts of the housing lying between the arc quenching devices can be protected from the arc by suitable copper plates 32. All three arc extinguishing devices 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 each have a plurality of extinguishing elements that alternate are stacked on top of each other.
  • the extinguishing elements are made of ceramic. Alternatively, they can also be designed as quenching plates.
  • the structure of the arc blowing device is explained below for the first contact point, consisting of the first fixed contact 7.1 and the first movable contact 9.1.
  • the explanation can largely be based solely on figure 4 be traced.
  • the blowout field that is generated by the arc blowout device is generated exclusively by permanent magnets. No electrically operated blow-out coils are required.
  • the two in figure 4 Permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 shown form first permanent magnets within the meaning of the claims. They are arranged between the first contact point and the arc extinguishing device 5.1, which is assigned to the first contact point.
  • the first permanent magnet 2.1 is in direct contact with a first lateral pole plate 6.1, which is attached to a side wall of the in figure 1 shown switch housing is arranged.
  • the second permanent magnet 2.2 is also in direct contact with a second lateral pole plate 6.2, which is arranged on the opposite side of the housing and in figure 1 is shown.
  • a magnetic yoke is arranged between the two permanent magnets and the middle pole plate 6.3. Both the yoke and the permanent magnets are cylindrical.
  • the two permanent magnets 2.1 and 2.2 have opposite polarity.
  • the north pole is located on the outside of the first pole plate 6.1 and the second pole plate 6.2.
  • the common south pole is on the middle pole plate 6.3.
  • the opposite polarity causes the magnetic field that is built up between the second side pole plate 6.2 (right) and the middle pole plate 6.3 to be aligned opposite to the magnetic field that is built up between the first pole plate 6.1 (left) and the middle pole plate 6.3 . This fact can also be seen from the magnetic field lines 23, which are shown in figure 4 are drawn.
  • the pole plates define two channels between them, both of which open out from the first contact point in the arc extinguishing device 5.1.
  • the two channels are each interspersed transversely to their longitudinal extent by one of the two oppositely polarized magnetic fields.
  • the two lateral pole plates 6.1, 6.2 extend laterally next to the contact point, with the middle pole plate 6.3 being somewhat shorter and ending in front of the contact point. This results in a transition area of the magnetic blowout field at the contact point.
  • the magnetic field lines run perpendicular to the magnetic field lines of the two magnetic fields in the channels 4.1 and 4.2. In the transition area, the magnetic field lines fan out over an angle of 180°. The direction of the magnetic field in channel 4.1 is thereby reversed in the transition region until it finally corresponds to the direction of the magnetic field in channel 4.2.
  • a switching arc 3.1 occurs when the contacts open at the first contact point, which is caused by the magnetic blowout field in figure 4 (in figure 4 the switching arc is below the plane of the drawing) is first deflected to the right and then enters the channel 4.2 between the second lateral pole plate 6.2 and the central pole plate 6.3.
  • the direction of movement of the switching arc 3.1 is illustrated by the arrow 24 in this case.
  • the switching arc is initially deflected in the opposite direction to the left. It then enters the left channel 4.1 between the first side pole plate 6.1 and the middle pole plate 6.3 along the path indicated by the arrow 25.
  • the switching arc is then driven into the arc quenching device 5.1 by the magnetic blowout field.
  • the middle pole plate 6.3 is also slightly shorter at the opposite end, which faces the arc extinguishing device 5.1, than the two side pole plates 6.1, 6.2.
  • the magnetic blowout field also has a transition area shortly before the arc quenching device 5.1, which directs the switching arc to the center of the arc quenching device 5.1.
  • the arc extinguishing device 5.1 can be kept compact.
  • an arc blowing device is also provided, which is constructed identically to the arc blowing device at the first contact point.
  • the two switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 which arise at the contact points 7.1/9.1 and 7.2/9.2, are shown in the illustration figure 4 depending on the current direction, either both are initially deflected to the right or both to the left, then blown into the respective arc quenching device 5.1 or 5.2, and subsequently also into the third arc quenching device 5.3.
  • the switching arcs 3.1 and 3.2 are either through the channels 4.1 or, as it is in figure 2 shown, is driven through the channels 4.2 into the arc extinguishers.
  • FIG 2 it can be seen that several so-called arc guide plates are provided, on the one hand to guide the switching arc and on the other hand to stretch it on the way into the arc quenching devices.
  • a first arc guide plate 11 is assigned to the first fixed contact 7.1 and a second arc guide plate 12 is assigned to the second fixed contact 7.2.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 extend between the respective fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 and the respective associated arc extinguishing device 5.1 or 5.2. They each connect the fixed contact 7.1 or 7.2 with the associated connection contact 8.1 or 8.2.
  • the first arc guide plate 11 and the second arc guide plate 12 are arranged below the respective middle pole plate 6.3 and they each extend in width both over the first channel 4.1 and over the parallel second channel 4.2 of the associated arc blowing device. Furthermore, a third arc guide plate 13 and a fourth arc guide plate 14 are provided. The third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 each extend in an arc from the first movable contact 9.1 to the second movable contact 9.2, so that the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14 together with the contact bridge 10 each form an almost closed loop.
  • the middle pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing device are each arranged between the third arc guide plate 13 and the fourth arc guide plate 14.
  • the third arc guide plate 13 is in the representation of figure 2 behind the two middle pole plates 6.3 and is therefore shown in dashed lines in this figure.
  • the ends of the third arc runner 13 and the fourth arc runner 14 are each slightly spaced from the ends of the contact bridge 10 so that the contact bridge 10 can be moved relative to the third and fourth arc runner.
  • a base point of the switching arc jumps from the contact bridge to the third or fourth arc guide plate when the switching arc is blown out of the contact point.
  • the corners of the contact bridge are preferably rounded in order to increase the service life.
  • the first blowout magnet 2.1 of the first arc blowout device and the first blowout magnet 2.1 of the second arc blowout device are arranged within the loop formed by the third arc guide plate 13 and the contact bridge 10, with the second blowout magnet 2.2 of the first arc blowout device and the second blowout magnet 2.2 of the second arc blowout device are arranged within the loop, which are formed by the fourth arc guide plate 14 and the contact bridge 10 is formed.
  • the blowout magnets are shielded from the arc in a simple manner.
  • a protective cover of the blowout magnets made of ceramic or the like is not necessary.
  • the contact bridge 10 with the two movable contacts 9.1 and 9.2 is arranged above the two fixed contacts 7.1 and 7.2.
  • the electromagnetic drive 19 is located below the two contact points. This has the advantage that the upper part of the housing can be completely removed for maintenance purposes, allowing free access to the contacts. The upper part of the housing is locked using the in figure 1 bolt shown 26.
  • the central pole plates 6.3 of the first and second arc blowing devices are encased in an electrically insulating manner.
  • the contact bridge 10 is arranged on a contact carrier 27 made of electrically insulating material. How figure 3 shows, the contact carrier 27 extends between the first contact point and the second contact point over the clear width of the housing of the switching device.
  • the contact carrier dips into corresponding grooves of the housing on both sides, so that a barrier in the manner of a labyrinth seal is formed for the plasma that is formed by the arc.
  • a bellows 28 is also arranged below the contact carrier 27 in order to avoid a ground fault that would otherwise occur due to the plasma generated by the arc when the arc flashes over to the yoke plate of the drive of the switching device if correspondingly high loads are switched.
  • the pole plates of this additional pole plate arrangement preferably extend almost over the entire length of the third arc extinguishing device 5.3.
  • the pole plates 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 are somewhat smaller or end somewhat below the third arc extinguishing device.
  • the blowout magnets of the additional pole plate arrangement can be arranged centrally in the area of the third arc extinguishing device.
  • FIG 5 shows a detailed view of the in figure 2 shown first contact point of the switch according to the invention.
  • auxiliary magnet 15 which strengthens the blowout field in the transition region.
  • the auxiliary magnet 15 is located on the underside of the fixed contact 7.1 facing away from the movable contact 9.1.
  • the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnet are marked with reference number 17 .
  • the auxiliary magnet 15 is arranged in such a way that it is plane-symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry 16 of the blowing device, which is defined by the plane of extension of the central pole plate 6.3.
  • the magnetization direction of the auxiliary magnet 15 encloses a right angle to the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field area 4.1 and to the magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field area 4.2.
  • the auxiliary magnet 15 can be permanently connected to the fixed contact 7.1/11. Adhesive bonding or screwing are possible, for example.
  • figure 8 shows a modification in which the auxiliary magnet 15 is received and held in a simple manner in a recess 21 of the housing 18 of the switching device according to the invention.
  • figure 9 shows a second embodiment in which two auxiliary magnets 15 are used per contact point.
  • the two auxiliary magnets are arranged symmetrically to one another in relation to the plane of symmetry 16 of the blowing device.
  • the direction of magnetization of the two auxiliary magnets 15 encloses an angle ⁇ of approximately 20° with respect to the plane of symmetry 16 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the auxiliary magnet 15 represents a ring segment and is magnetized radially.
  • the transition region of the blow field can be reinforced in a relatively wide portion by a single auxiliary magnet.
  • the auxiliary magnet 15 according to the embodiment in figure 10 it is more complex and therefore more expensive to produce than the standard magnets that are used in the exemplary embodiments in FIGS Figures 5 to 9 come into use.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP18708398.5A 2017-03-23 2018-02-28 Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer lichtbogenlöschung Active EP3602593B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017106300.5A DE102017106300B4 (de) 2017-03-23 2017-03-23 Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer Lichtbogenlöschung
PCT/EP2018/054940 WO2018172030A1 (de) 2017-03-23 2018-02-28 Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer lichtbogenlöschung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3602593A1 EP3602593A1 (de) 2020-02-05
EP3602593B1 true EP3602593B1 (de) 2023-04-12

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EP18708398.5A Active EP3602593B1 (de) 2017-03-23 2018-02-28 Schaltgerät mit verbesserter permanentmagnetischer lichtbogenlöschung

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US11532443B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3602593B1 (es)
JP (1) JP6952125B2 (es)
KR (1) KR102284975B1 (es)
CN (1) CN110574135B (es)
DE (1) DE102017106300B4 (es)
ES (1) ES2948509T3 (es)
RU (1) RU2726162C1 (es)
UA (1) UA125857C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2018172030A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA201906253B (es)

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KR102689913B1 (ko) 2019-08-28 2024-07-31 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 경로 형성부 및 이를 포함하는 직류 릴레이

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JP6952125B2 (ja) 2021-10-20
JP2020511761A (ja) 2020-04-16
US11532443B2 (en) 2022-12-20
UA125857C2 (uk) 2022-06-22
US20200111624A1 (en) 2020-04-09
DE102017106300A1 (de) 2018-09-27
CN110574135A (zh) 2019-12-13
CN110574135B (zh) 2022-03-15
EP3602593A1 (de) 2020-02-05
DE102017106300B4 (de) 2023-07-27
WO2018172030A1 (de) 2018-09-27
ZA201906253B (en) 2021-01-27
KR102284975B1 (ko) 2021-08-02
ES2948509T3 (es) 2023-09-13
KR20190126858A (ko) 2019-11-12

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