EP3597385A1 - Form für betonblöcke mit (grossen) höhenunterschieden, wie bordsteine/blöcke//verriegelungssteine mit oder ohne hohlräumen/abfluss - Google Patents

Form für betonblöcke mit (grossen) höhenunterschieden, wie bordsteine/blöcke//verriegelungssteine mit oder ohne hohlräumen/abfluss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3597385A1
EP3597385A1 EP18184745.0A EP18184745A EP3597385A1 EP 3597385 A1 EP3597385 A1 EP 3597385A1 EP 18184745 A EP18184745 A EP 18184745A EP 3597385 A1 EP3597385 A1 EP 3597385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bottom part
mould
concrete
filling
cores
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18184745.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3597385C0 (de
EP3597385B1 (de
Inventor
Erik Spangenberg Hansen
Kjeld Sejrup
Jesper B. Rasmussen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KVM Industrimaskiner AS
Original Assignee
KVM Industrimaskiner AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KVM Industrimaskiner AS filed Critical KVM Industrimaskiner AS
Priority to EP18184745.0A priority Critical patent/EP3597385B1/de
Publication of EP3597385A1 publication Critical patent/EP3597385A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3597385C0 publication Critical patent/EP3597385C0/de
Publication of EP3597385B1 publication Critical patent/EP3597385B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/023—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a feed box transferring the moulding material from a hopper to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
    • B28B3/083—The juxtaposed rams working in the same direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a casting equipment for making kerbstones/lock stones/blocks with large level differences, typically larger than 40 mm, with or without cavities.
  • the casting equipment is used for concrete block machines/concrete casting machines of the kind typically used for making cast items in the form of concrete blocks for pavements, wall construction and edge elements, with or without cavities or recesses.
  • the invention also concerns a method for making kerbstones/lock stones/blocks with large level differences, where the casting equipment is used.
  • Movable flaps in the mould were difficult to keep clean and they were vulnerable to the strong vibrations to which the casting equipment is subjected in order to compress the concrete in the mould.
  • a mould When producing on vibration tables, a mould is placed on a vibration table.
  • the mould is typically made for one concrete kerbstone/one wall element.
  • the mould When the mould is provided on the vibration table, the mould is filled with concrete by an operator who will ensure that the concrete is evenly distributed in the whole mould; it is often necessary to vibrate to get the concrete flowing in under possible cores and through narrow passages.
  • a main vibration is run where the concrete is compressed, and at the final stage of the vibration the level is smoothed so that the concrete level will be flush with the top edge of the mould, being the bottom the product.
  • the mould is then released from the vibration table, the mould is moved and turned, and the product is typically placed on a plate or directly on the factory floor.
  • the mould system may be combined with a core arrangement making cavities in the cast products, not extending completely down to the bottom side of the product, and which is drawn out before stripping and/or with a steel casting plate with profiling, half-cores that produce cavities in the cast products extending completely down to the bottom side of the cast product and which are withdrawn before stripping. It is possible to combine these cavity types such that there are cores making cavities in the product and withdrawn before stripping, and steel casting plates with half-cores making cavities under the product and which are withdrawn before stripping. In cases with cores in the mould as well as half-core on the steel casting plate, it is necessary with an extra drawing arrangement in order to bring the cores into the mould after lowering the mould. The cycle is as described below.
  • the mould bottom part can furthermore have fixed cores in the mould with downwardly projecting elements, the downwardly projecting elements e.g. extending down to contact with cores that are drawn out of the mould before stripping such that there are opening from the top side of the finished product to the cavity formed by the core.
  • These downwardly projecting elements can be through-going either to the core in the mould space and/or the half-core that is fixed on the steel withdrawal plate.
  • Another significant improvement is by production on a concrete block machine 2-4 products can typically be made in about 20-30 seconds, where production on vibration tables typically takes 2-3 minutes for producing 1-2 products, and production by wet casting takes about 1 ⁇ 2-1 minute to fill the mould, to which is added 1 ⁇ 2-1 minute for getting the hardened product out of the mould, in addition to handling and hardening time.
  • production on a concrete block machine there is also typically automatic palletising of the products.
  • the production time per product on a concrete block machine is typically 5-15 seconds compared with 2-3 minutes per product by casting on vibration tables and by wet casting. Besides, the production conditions on a concrete block machine are more uniform such that the quality of the products is more uniform.
  • the casting equipment according to the invention comprises a casting equipment for making kerbstones/lock stones/blocks with large level differences with or without cavities, wherein the casting equipment is used for concrete block machines/concreting machines of the kind typically used for making cast items in the form of concrete blocks for pavement, wall construction and edge elements with or without cavities and recesses, the casting equipment including:
  • the cellular bottom part with both upwards and downwards open cells defines the desired basic shape of the individual concrete blocks or elements.
  • the height of the cells is divided with uppermost delimitations that provide the desired level difference at the top side of the cast product and go through to the top side of the cast product, and a corresponding top part.
  • the top part is provided with thrust plates from an upper retainer plate with downwardly projecting pressing pistons to the desired level differences that are formed with lower thrust plates fitting into respective underlying cells in the bottom part. The thrust plates are thereby useful for downwards directed retainers during the compression stage and for pushing out the cast items from the cells after finished casting.
  • the delimitation between the levels can include the fixed cores being secured in the bottom part.
  • the fixed core or cores in the mould may furthermore have downwardly projecting elements that meet the possible core forming cavities in the block, and which are drawn out before stripping.
  • the fixed core or cores in the mould can have a bevelling between the levels and thereby a relatively flat thrust plate, or the fixed cores can be with a vertical milling and then a bevelling between the levels, if desired, can be made by the thrust plate for high level having downwards directed bevelling between the levels.
  • the bevelling is between the levels in the fixed core in the mould.
  • the mould dealt with by this invention has large level differences at the top side of the mould such that the mould cell are to be filled with concrete at several levels. This implies that the filling cart bringing concrete to the mould is also to have these level differences in order to be able to fill and scrape off the concrete for the concrete block.
  • the casting equipment has, apart from a filling cart bringing concrete to the mould with corresponding level differences adapted to the upper delimitations on the bottom part such that the filling cart can pass across the bottom part for filling and scraping off the amount of concrete for the concrete block, additionally a parking space, the backboard on which the filling cart is parked after filling concrete. This back plate is also to have the same level differences as the mould.
  • profiling at the bottom side of the product, which can be applied to the product by using a steel casting plate that is withdrawn before stripping.
  • this is provided for by a casting plate being provided between the production board and the bottom part, preferably a steel casting plate, where the casting plate is provided with a profiling or relief.
  • a steel casting plate is often used for protecting the production board during the production.
  • the steel casting plate functions in the way that it is disposed between the production board and the bottom mould part.
  • the steel casting plate is placed here during filling and during compression of the concrete which occurs by strong shock vibration of production board and mould from below by a vibration table. After ending compression, the steel casting plate is drawn out together with possible cores, and the mould is lowered together with the products, thereby placed on the production board before stripping, before they then are moved out of the machine and a new production board is moved in together with the steel casting plate, after which possible cores are inserted in the mould after lowering the mould.
  • the equipment is used in the way that the bottom part of the mould is placed on a production board, possibly with a steel casting plate between the bottom part and the production board. All the parts are placed on a vibration table. If the mould contains core elements, these are then displaced forward into the mould, and the mould top part is lifted to a position above the bottom mould part.
  • a concrete filling cart is moved along the top side of the bottom part in the space below the top part for filling concrete into the casting cells. After filling, the filling cart is drawn out, and the top part is lowered until the said thrust plates abut on the concrete surfaces in respective casting cells. Then the top part is used as a multi-pressure piston for compressing the concrete mass in the individual casting cells, which is effected under strong vibration of the mould system for separating air from the concrete mass.
  • the cast items are compressed to the desired compact block shape and uniform thickness.
  • the core arrangement is drawn out from its position in the bottom mould part. Subsequently, the top part is retained at its level relative to the bottom part, and the bottom part is acted on by force to be elevated from the production board whereby the cast items, which by the retained position of the top part do not participate in this elevation, will remain standing on the casting board during the stripping.
  • a possible steel casting plate is drawn simultaneously with the core arrangement out of its position between production board and bottom part, in this case the casting equipment is first lowered into contact with the production board before stripping.
  • the compressed cast items can be removed from the vibration table by pushing out therefrom, after lifting the top part.
  • a new casting cycle can then be initiated after lowering the bottom part to the next inserted production board, possibly with steel casting plate and insertion of the core arrangement, and elevation of the top part to it starting position.
  • the present invention therefore also concerns a method for utilising the casting equipment for making kerbstones/lock stones/blocks with large level differences with or without cavities, wherein the casting equipment is used for concrete block machines/concreting machines of the kind typically used for making cast items in the form of concrete blocks for pavements, wall construction and edge elements with or without cavities and recesses, by the following production steps:
  • the invention allows for making concrete products with large level differences, typically more than 40 mm, in that the bottom mould part has level differences at the top of the mould table such that larger level differences can be provided at the top side of the product; at the same time there may be provided cavities in the product which either can be weight-reducing cavities or cavities made for a specific purpose, as for example drainage.
  • the scraper of the filling cart is therefore made with the same level differences as the top side of the mould in order to bring the concrete to the concrete filling and also for scraping off the concrete level after finished filling.
  • the backboard is made with the same level difference as the top side of the bottom mould part.
  • a kerbstone with integrated drain opening there is need for a core arrangement to be extended after lowering the mould for contact with the production board, possibly upon a steel casting plate.
  • These cores can have various cross-sectional shapes, for example round, oval, rectangular and other suitable/desired cross-sectional shapes.
  • a fixed core with downwardly projecting elements extending completely down to contact with the withdrawable core can be indicated such that passage for water drainage from the top side to the cavity created by the withdrawable core is formed.
  • Another embodiment could be larger edges for locking support wall elements where at the top side there is a through-going elevation fitting into a corresponding depression at the bottom side of an adjacent product.
  • bottom mould parts where size and design of the products provide that the cells can be arranged with the level difference being longitudinal over the entire top side of the bottom mould part and arranged such that a possible core can be through-going either as a cavity or a half-core as a recess at the bottom side of the product.
  • the downwardly directed thrust plates of the top mould part are correspondingly arranged in line such that they can be used a retainers during the compression stage while at the same time being aligned so as to be easier to clean by means of a brush or scraper mounted on the filling cart. It operates in the way that the top mould part is elevated to a height that enables the scraper/brush on the filling cart to scrape/brush the surface clean on the thrust plates.
  • Fig. 1 shows and embodiment of the invention where a bottom mould part 2 is shown standing on a production board 66 with the top mould part 4 lifted above the mould.
  • the top sides of the mould have a high level 12 and a low level 14 flush with corresponding high 42 and low 44 levels on a backboard 6.
  • the filling cart 8 is parked on the backboard 6.
  • the pivoting scraper 50 of the filling cart appears here with corresponding level differences 52 at the front.
  • the top mould part 4 is lifted above the bottom part 2 such that the thrust plates of the top part for high level 36 and low level 38 can be brushed off by the brush 54 of the filling cart 8.
  • the drawing arrangement 22 appears behind the backboard 6, here shown with two cores 26 extended (hidden inside the bottom mould part) and two cores 26 withdrawn.
  • the bottom part of the mould 2 consists of a mould table with the top side of the bottom part at a high level 12 and at a low level 14, where between the two levels there is a fixed core 16 delimiting high and low levels.
  • the backboard 6 abutting on the bottom mould part 2 has, corresponding to the bottom mould part 2, a high level 42 and a low level 44 such that the filling cart 8, with a front scraper with level difference 52 and a not visible back scraper with level difference, can be advanced and thereby bring concrete to the cells 3 of the mould.
  • the pivoting scraper 50 of the filling cart 8 pivots the front scraper with level differences 52 up when the filling cart runs forward, and pivots the front scraper with level differences 52 down when the filling cart is returned such that the concrete is scraped off the cells 3.
  • the not shown back scraper is pivoted down when the filling cart is moved forward such that the concrete can be brought with it.
  • Thrust plates for high level 36 are provided on the downwardly projecting legs 32 of the top mould part 4, and thrust plates for low level 38 are provided on the downwardly projecting legs 32 with leg extensions 34. These thrust plates fit into the cell openings 3 such that they can be used for a combined pressing piston and retainer during the compressing of the products.
  • Fig. 2a shows one of four products 58 which is produced in a mould according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 .
  • High level on the product 68 corresponds to high level at the top side 12 of the lower mould part 2
  • low level on the product 70 corresponds to low level at the top side 14 of the lower mould part 2.
  • the downwardly projecting core elements 18, not shown on the Figure produce a passage 74 down to the through-going opening 60 formed by the through-going cores 26.
  • Fig. 2b shows a section through the product 58 where there is a passage to drain channel 74 produced by the downwardly projecting core elements 18 (not shown on the Figure)
  • Fig. 2c shows a section through the product where there is no passage, i.e. where on the fixed core 16 in the mould there are no downwardly projecting core elements 18 delimiting high and low levels in the mould, not shown on the Figure.
  • Fig. 3 shows the lower mould part 2 and the filling cart 8 placed on the backboard 6. It appears that the high level 12 and low level 14 of the top side of the lower mould part 2 have the same level differences on the backboard 6. High level on backboard 42 corresponds to high level at the top side 12 of the lower mould part 2, and low level on backboard 44 corresponds to low level at the top side 14 of the lower mould part.
  • the pivoting scraper 50 of the filling cart 8 has a front scraper 52 with the same level difference as those of the lower mould part 2 and the backboard 6. Correspondingly, pivoting scraper 50 has a not shown rear scraper with the same level difference.
  • the filling cart 8 When filling the lower mould part 2 with concrete, the filling cart 8 is moved forward with the front scraper 52 lifted and the not shown rear scraper lowered. The concrete in the filling cart is hereby brought over the cells 3 in the lower mould part 2. After ending filling of the lower mould part 2, the filling cart 8 is now returned with the front scraper 52 of the pivoting scraper 50 lowered and the not shown rear scraper lifted. By having the front scraper 52 lowered, the concrete level is thereby scraped off at high level as well as low level while at the same time the lifted rear scraper allows for possible waste to be collected in the filling cart again.
  • Fig. 4 shows the lower mould part 2 with core drawing arrangement 10.
  • the cores 26 are supported by a core support arrangement 25 when they are withdrawn.
  • the support arrangement 25 is necessary for guiding the cores 26 into the openings 20 in the lower mould part 2.
  • the core support arrangement 25 is necessary in particular if the dimensions and disposition of the cores 26 provide that the drawing beam 24 cannot be accommodated under the backboard 6.
  • the core support arrangement 25 is always practical for securely guiding the cores 26 into the openings 20 of the lower mould part 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of a core 26.
  • the core is tapering 27 for guiding the core 26 into the opening 20 of the lower mould part 2.
  • Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of the lower mould part 2 of the previously mentioned mould for making a kerbstone with integrated drain.
  • the lower mould part 2 has four cells separated by a central wall 10 and cell delimitations 11 such that four products 3 are made by each stripping.
  • the products are placed in pairs such that the low levels 14 of two products are opposite each other and abut each other, only separated by a central wall 10 and cell delimitations 11; the low levels are thereby joined to two low levels 14, a low level 14 for each pair of products.
  • the cores 16 in the mould appear, delimiting high level 12 and low level 14.
  • One of the drawable cores 26 are shown in an opening 60 in the lower mould part for cores 26.
  • the core elements 18 projecting downwards from the fixed core 16 is in contact with the bevelling 28 on the core 26.
  • the fixed cores 16 in the mould can have part of a bevelling between high and low levels, or bevelling may be omitted, whereby the bevelling between high 12 and low 14 level lies in the downwardly projecting thrust plates for high level 36, not shown on the Figure.
  • Fig. 7 shows an element arising from another embodiment of the mould concept of the invention.
  • the mould for this element has a level difference at the top side of the element 68, 70, and has a channel at the bottom side of the element 72.
  • the level difference at the top side appears in that the mould (not shown, but with same design and principle as the mould shown in Fig. 6 ) has an upper level 12 providing the high level of the element 68 and a lower level 14 providing the lower level on the element 70.
  • the levels are separated by a core in the mould 16.
  • the thrust plates on the top part of the mould 4 can be divided into thrust plate for high level 36 and thrust plate for low level 38.
  • the channel at the bottom side of the element 72 appears with a withdrawal profile, a half-core on a steel casting plate.
  • the channel at the bottom side of the element 72 fits upon the elevation 68 on an underlying element.
EP18184745.0A 2018-07-20 2018-07-20 Form für betonblöcke mit (grossen) höhenunterschieden, wie bordsteine/blöcke//verriegelungssteine mit oder ohne hohlräumen/abfluss Active EP3597385B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18184745.0A EP3597385B1 (de) 2018-07-20 2018-07-20 Form für betonblöcke mit (grossen) höhenunterschieden, wie bordsteine/blöcke//verriegelungssteine mit oder ohne hohlräumen/abfluss

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18184745.0A EP3597385B1 (de) 2018-07-20 2018-07-20 Form für betonblöcke mit (grossen) höhenunterschieden, wie bordsteine/blöcke//verriegelungssteine mit oder ohne hohlräumen/abfluss

Publications (3)

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EP3597385A1 true EP3597385A1 (de) 2020-01-22
EP3597385C0 EP3597385C0 (de) 2023-07-05
EP3597385B1 EP3597385B1 (de) 2023-07-05

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113146828A (zh) * 2021-01-28 2021-07-23 福建群峰机械有限公司 一种用于双层湿法制作大板与路缘石的多功能仿石机
CN114960345A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-08-30 中国一冶集团有限公司 一种侧石靠背混凝土浇注装置
CN115179410A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-14 郑州科技学院 一种静压免烧砖成型机构

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59230708A (ja) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-25 株式会社イナックス 段付タイルの加圧成形装置
US5108282A (en) * 1985-02-04 1992-04-28 National Concrete Masonry Association Biaxial concrete masonry casting apparatus
JP2005059394A (ja) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-10 Katsura Kikai Seisakusho:Kk 横筋ブロック及び横筋ブロック成型用引抜きコアー
US20130129853A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-05-23 Paul Adam Mold system for forming multilevel blocks
US20140373479A1 (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-25 Pavestone, LLC Adjustable locator retaining wall block and mold apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59230708A (ja) * 1983-06-14 1984-12-25 株式会社イナックス 段付タイルの加圧成形装置
US5108282A (en) * 1985-02-04 1992-04-28 National Concrete Masonry Association Biaxial concrete masonry casting apparatus
JP2005059394A (ja) * 2003-08-12 2005-03-10 Katsura Kikai Seisakusho:Kk 横筋ブロック及び横筋ブロック成型用引抜きコアー
US20130129853A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-05-23 Paul Adam Mold system for forming multilevel blocks
US20140373479A1 (en) * 2013-06-21 2014-12-25 Pavestone, LLC Adjustable locator retaining wall block and mold apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113146828A (zh) * 2021-01-28 2021-07-23 福建群峰机械有限公司 一种用于双层湿法制作大板与路缘石的多功能仿石机
CN113146828B (zh) * 2021-01-28 2022-08-12 福建群峰机械有限公司 一种用于双层湿法制作大板与路缘石的多功能仿石机
CN114960345A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-08-30 中国一冶集团有限公司 一种侧石靠背混凝土浇注装置
CN115179410A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-14 郑州科技学院 一种静压免烧砖成型机构
CN115179410B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2023-07-14 郑州科技学院 一种静压免烧砖成型机构

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