EP3593601A1 - Dispositif de refroidissement pour générateurs de rayons x - Google Patents

Dispositif de refroidissement pour générateurs de rayons x

Info

Publication number
EP3593601A1
EP3593601A1 EP18714134.6A EP18714134A EP3593601A1 EP 3593601 A1 EP3593601 A1 EP 3593601A1 EP 18714134 A EP18714134 A EP 18714134A EP 3593601 A1 EP3593601 A1 EP 3593601A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling device
ray tube
ray
cooling
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18714134.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Heuft
Wolfgang Polster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heuft Systemtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Heuft Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heuft Systemtechnik GmbH filed Critical Heuft Systemtechnik GmbH
Publication of EP3593601A1 publication Critical patent/EP3593601A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/025—Means for cooling the X-ray tube or the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a device for cooling X-ray tubes in X-ray generators using a gaseous cooling medium as a coolant.
  • a gaseous cooling medium as a coolant.
  • the ambient air is used as the coolant.
  • the X-ray generators are compact X-ray generators for applications in the food industry.
  • Conventional x-ray tubes include an evacuated tube in which there is an electric filament for generating free electrons and an anode spaced therefrom.
  • the electrons emitted by the filament are accelerated by an additionally applied high voltage in the electric field and directed to the anode.
  • the collision of the fast electrons with the anode leads to the generation of X-rays.
  • the x-ray radiation produced in this way can be used for the examination or treatment of persons, animals or objects.
  • the bombardment of the anode with electrons leads to the heating of the anode, since most of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is converted into heat.
  • the amount of heat released in the anode depends on the speed and number of impinging electrons. To avoid excessive heating of the anode and thus the entire X-ray tube during operation, the amount of heat generated must be removed from the X-ray tube.
  • cooling systems are used depending on the performance of the X-ray tube.
  • it must always be ensured that the X-ray electrode is at high voltage potential and sufficient isolation of the X-ray electrode from the environment must be ensured.
  • a liquid coolant between an outer housing wall of the cooling device and the outer wall of the X-ray tube is used.
  • a coolant with a high dielectric constant is frequently used as the coolant, so that the coolant also simultaneously serves to electrically insulate the X-ray tube in operation at high voltage.
  • Such a device is described in US 4,780,901 (A), in which a dielectric oil is used as an electrically insulating coolant.
  • a liquid-cooled X-ray source is known.
  • the X-ray source is arranged in a housing filled with an insulating oil.
  • a circulation cooling device is provided, a through has two coolant lines connected to the housing cooler and a circulation pump for the insulating oil. Inside the housing, the insulating oil flows freely around the X-ray tube. Outside the housing, the insulating oil is passed through the coolant lines to the circulation pump.
  • the coolant lines can be guided past a fan. In order to cool the coolant as effectively as possible, the coolant lines in the region of the fan can run in a spiral and be provided with cooling fins. The spiral course of the coolant lines serves to increase the usable surface for the cooling, in order to increase the heat transfer of the coolant to the environment.
  • Such dielectric oils allow a very steep potential curve within the coolant between high-voltage components and components at ground potential without the risk of a spark discharge.
  • a steep potential curve allows a correspondingly compact construction, since very short spatial distances between high-voltage components (outer wall of the evacuated X-ray tube) and ground potential, ie zero potential components (outer walls of the housing of the cooling device) are allowed.
  • oil-cooled systems are often disadvantageous, since in the case of a leak, the risk of contamination of food or drugs with the generally harmful to health oil.
  • oil-cooled systems are generally relatively maintenance-intensive due to regularly performed oil changes.
  • Air cooling for X-ray tubes.
  • Air has worse insulation properties.
  • a dielectric strength of about 1 kV / mm (kilovolts per millimeter) can be assumed.
  • higher distances must be provided by a factor of three.
  • 100 kV x-ray tubes this results in a distance of about 30 cm between a high-voltage x-ray tube and the housing of the x-ray generator lying at ground potential.
  • Gaseous cooling media are usually used in conventional X-ray tubes only for external cooling. In this case, for example, ambient air is guided along the outer potential of the X-ray emitter lying at ground potential. These devices are suitable for use when only relatively small amounts of heat must be removed. Since the cooling also takes place from the outside, the cooling medium does not need any electrical insulation. have lationseigenschaften. Such X-ray sources are known for example from US 4,884,292 or US 4,355,410.
  • An X-ray tube more precisely a rotary piston X-ray emitter, in which a gaseous cooling medium is used, is known from DE 298 23 735 U1.
  • the cooling gas is passed close to the axis in the interior of the housing.
  • the cooling gas serves both the cooling and the electrical insulation of the high voltage components of the housing.
  • the cooling gas must be a high-voltage insulating cooling gas.
  • the only example of such a gas is sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). Since the use of this gas stringent safety guidelines must be met and since this gas is one of the strongest known greenhouse gases, use of this coolant is undesirable.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cooling device for X-ray generators, which is less expensive than oil-based cooling devices, which nevertheless still allows a compact design.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cooling apparatus for X-ray generators in which any gaseous refrigerant can be used.
  • the cooling device comprises a housing having an inlet opening, an outlet opening and a gas guide channel extending between the inlet opening and the outlet opening. It is provided a central receiving device for receiving an X-ray tube.
  • the gas guide channel is designed such that, during operation, it passes the gaseous cooling medium directly past the high-voltage housing of the x-ray tube.
  • the cooling medium absorbs the heat produced by the X-ray tube and discharges it to the outside. However, the gaseous cooling medium comes into contact with high-voltage housing parts of the x-ray tube.
  • the cooling gas is not passed by a direct radial path to the X-ray tube, but is guided on a spiral path through the housing of the cooling device. Due to the spiral shape, the actual length of the gas guide channel is extended many times, so that despite a compact design, a sufficiently large effective distance between the high-voltage components of the X-ray tube and the lying at ground potential housing parts can be provided.
  • helical as used in the present specification is to be understood broadly and is intended to encompass essentially any course of the route in which the cooling gas is not guided through the cooling device in a direct radial way
  • the “helical path” could also be carried out so that the gaseous cooling medium is guided on a winding or meandering path, which runs only on one side of the cooling device, to the housing of the x-ray tube, and the cooling medium is then guided on a similarly shaped path.
  • the term “helical route course” can also be understood to mean any 3D labyrinth structure which makes it possible to achieve a sufficiently large effective distance between the high-voltage components of the X-ray tube and to get the housing components lying at ground potential.
  • the helical path is in fact in the form of a geometric spiral and has a plurality of turns extending around the in operation centrally located x-ray tube.
  • the cooling gas may be essentially any gaseous medium.
  • a particularly suitable cooling gas is the ambient air, since this allows a particularly simple and cost-effective cooling. But it can also be pure gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon or C0 2 are used.
  • the design according to the invention of the gas guide channel makes it possible to use any desired cooling gases, or even to use those cooling gases which can not be used in conventional systems because of their low dielectric strength.
  • no cooling gas specific safety precautions must be taken, so that in this case the cooling can be used particularly variable and inexpensive.
  • X-ray tubes are usually operated with high voltages between 10 and 200 kV.
  • the high voltage and the cooling gas used essentially determine how long the gas guide channel must be designed.
  • the gas guide channel should be so long that even at the maximum applicable high voltage and maximum humidity no sparking along the gas guide channel can occur.
  • the housing of the cooling device is made of electrically insulating material.
  • the housing is made of thermoplastic material such as polycarbonate, polysulfone, PVC or polyolefins, Plexiglas or polyoxymethylene.
  • Plastic composites or plastic-ceramic composites can also be used as housing material. If the generated X-ray radiation is guided through the housing, the choice of the housing material can purposefully influence the absorption of the X-ray radiation. For example, X-ray absorbing materials can be incorporated. are set to obtain a particular or desired cross section of the X-ray beam.
  • the gas guide channel is preferably formed by two spirally arranged inner walls of the housing of the cooling device.
  • the inner walls define a first helical path on which the cooling gas in the central region of the housing, in which the X-ray tube is in operation, is passed.
  • the inner walls define a second spiral path on which the cooling gas is conducted out of the housing from the central region of the housing.
  • the wall thickness of the inner walls to be used depends on the high voltage used and the housing material used.
  • the total wall thickness that is to say the sum of all wall thicknesses in the radial direction, must be sufficiently large so that a radial spark strike through the walls of the cooling device is avoided at the respectively used high voltage.
  • the dielectric strength of the typically used wall material is about a factor of 10 higher than the dielectric strength of the cooling gas and is in the range of about 25 to 120 kV / mm. In order to avoid a spark-through, so usually total wall thicknesses of about 0.5 to 3 cm are used, resulting in a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm for the individual inner and outer walls of the cooling device.
  • the housing of the cooling device is designed in two parts.
  • the two housing parts can be reversibly connected to each other.
  • the connection may be, for example, a plug connection.
  • each of the housing parts which can be connected to one another comprises spiral-shaped inner walls, which engage in one another in the assembled state and thereby define the gas guide channel.
  • a two-part housing is particularly easy to maintain, since one can obtain access to the interior of the cooling device at any time.
  • the one housing part connected to the X-ray tube while the other housing part is connected, for example, with the high voltage power supply.
  • the x-ray tube can be permanently connected to the respective housing part.
  • the X-ray tube can be replaced together with the respective housing part.
  • the two-part cooling device also facilitates the maintenance of the X-ray system.
  • the gas guide channel can also be realized in the form of a wound tubular structure.
  • hose structures can be based on both rectangular hose basic forms as well as on the basis of round or elliptical tube basic shapes.
  • the tube structures can then be fixed in a suitable manner.
  • the tube structures can be glued or provided with a suitable housing.
  • the present invention also relates to an X-ray generator comprising a cooling device described above, a high-voltage generator and an X-ray tube.
  • the high voltage generator generates the required for the operation of the X-ray tube high voltage.
  • the X-ray tube can be mechanically and electrically connected to the high-voltage generator via a central high-voltage contact.
  • the cooling device extends radially around the x-ray tube so that the x-ray tube is cooled and at the same time electrically shielded.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for cooling an X-ray generator.
  • a high voltage generator for generating a high voltage is provided.
  • An X-ray tube is mechanically and electrically connected to the high voltage generator via a high voltage contact.
  • An above-described cooling device is provided, wherein the gas guide channel defined by the cooling device spirally extends around the X-ray tube to cool and electrically shield the X-ray tube.
  • a gaseous cooling fluid is passed through the cooling device.
  • the achievable by the gaseous cooling fluid cooling capacity is lower than that achievable with liquid coolant cooling power and is up to 40 W, preferably between 0.5 and 25 watts, and more preferably 1 to 12 W.
  • an X-ray tube can also be operated in pulsed mode by generating the X-radiation only for a short time each time. Due to the pulsed operation significantly less waste heat is generated than with a continuous continuous wave operation. In this way, a relatively powerful X-ray tube can be used, but still generates significantly less heat than a corresponding in continuous wave mode controlled X-ray tube. With suitable dimensioning, the cooling device according to the invention can therefore be used particularly advantageously for relatively powerful X-ray generators in pulsed operation.
  • Fig. 1 Structure of a cooling device according to the invention in an X-ray generator
  • Fig. 2 Radial cross section of the cooling device according to the invention along the dashed line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic course of the electrical potential within the cooling device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 two-part embodiment of the cooling device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 the two housing parts of the embodiment of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement 10 according to the invention for generating X-ray radiation, comprising an X-ray tube 12, a cooling device 14 and a high voltage source 16.
  • the cooling device 14 extends around a part of the X-ray tube 12 around and serves both for cooling and for electrical isolation of the X-ray tube 12 from the environment.
  • the cooling device 14 has a housing 18 with a gas inlet opening 20 and a
  • Gas outlet 22 for supplying or for removing the gaseous refrigerant.
  • the coolant is guided past the X-ray tube 12 on a spiral path in a gas guide channel 24. In this case, the coolant absorbs the heat generated by the X-ray tube 12 and discharges it to the environment.
  • the X-ray tube 12 is usually at high voltage of between 20 and
  • the required high voltage is provided by the high voltage source 16 and applied to the X-ray tube 12 via a correspondingly provided contact.
  • the accessible housing parts, in particular the housing 18 of the cooling device 14, are grounded.
  • the cooling device 14 must therefore not only be designed so that the heat generated by the X-ray tube 12 can be dissipated, but must also simultaneously electrically isolate the X-ray tube 12 from the environment.
  • the housing 18 of the cooling device 14 is therefore conveniently made of thermoplastic, e.g. made of polysulfone.
  • the gas inlet opening 20 and the gas outlet opening 22 are each located on an end face of the housing 18 of the cooling device 14.
  • the course of the gas guide channel 24 in the interior of the cooling device 14 is shown in the cross section of Fig. 2.
  • the cross section is taken along the line 2-2 of FIG.
  • the cooling gas is guided from the gas inlet opening 20 along the spiral gas guide channel 24 through the housing 18 of the cooling device 14.
  • the cooling gas comes into heat exchange relation with the X-ray tube 12 and absorbs heat generated by the X-ray tube 12.
  • the heated cooling gas is closing further passed through the gas guide channel 24 until it finally exits the housing 18 of the cooling device 14 at the gas outlet opening 22.
  • the spiral-shaped inner walls of the cooling device, which define the gas guide channel 24, dictate by their helical arrangement the path of the gas flow.
  • the length of the gas guide channel 24 must be dimensioned so that a spark strike between the centrally located located at high voltage potential X-ray tube 12 and lying on ground outside of the housing 18 of the cooling device 14 is avoided.
  • the length of the gas guide channel to be used at least in each case depends on the level of the operating voltage of the x-ray tube. In general, it can be said that the length of the gas guide channel should be about 3 mm / kV. For a 100 kV X-ray tube, this means that the length of the gas guide channel between the centrally located X-ray tube and the gas inlet opening or the gas outlet opening should be about 30 cm.
  • the sum of the wall thicknesses of the gas guide channel 24 in the radial direction of the cooling device 14 must be selected such that the resulting total wall thickness prevents such sparking.
  • the total thickness of the walls required depends on the dielectric properties of the material used for the housing 18 of the cooling device 14. Typically used thermoplastics have a dielectric strength of 10 to 20 kV / mm. For a 100 kV X-ray tube, this in turn means that a total wall thickness of about 10 mm should be provided to avoid radial sparking.
  • FIG. 3 the course of the electrostatic potential in the radial direction along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG.
  • the line 3-3 leads in the radial direction from the outside of the housing 18 through three wall portions A, B, C through to the X-ray tube 12.
  • the entire high voltage potential drops from the X-ray tube to ground.
  • Due to the significantly higher dielectric constant of the plastic material than the cooling device 14 compared to the dielectric constant of air a significantly steeper potential drop results within the wall regions A, B, C than within the gas guide channel 24.
  • the potential curve in FIG. 3 is the total thickness of the wall areas sufficiently dimensioned, so that the entire electrical Potential of the X-ray tube in the radial direction can fall over the wall areas, without causing it to spark arrest.
  • the housing 18 of the cooling device 14 is made in two parts.
  • the one part 18 a of the housing of the cooling device 14 is connected to the high voltage generator 16.
  • the other part 18b of the housing 18 is connected to the X-ray tube 12.
  • the two housing parts 18a, 18b each comprise spirally arranged inner walls 26a, 26b which define the helical gas guide channel 24.
  • the outer walls of the two housing components 18a, 18b are designed so that they form a stable connector.
  • the gas guide channel 24 defined in this way essentially corresponds to the gas guide channel 24, as has been explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the same criteria apply to the length of the gas guide channel 24 and to the sum of the wall thicknesses in the radial direction as in the previously described embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross section in the axial direction by a two-part running
  • Cooler As already mentioned above, although the spiral inner walls 26a, 26b of the individual housing parts 18a, 18b each extend as far as the end faces 28b, 28a of the respective other housing part 18b, 18a, an airtight connection is used to achieve the cooling effect of the present invention not necessarily required. However, a non-airtight connection between the two housing parts opens up a further potential route for a spark strike by the cooling device.
  • FIG. 1 This potential route for a spark strike is shown in FIG.
  • the two housing parts 18a and 18b each have a circular end face 28a and 28b. From this end face extending in each case the spiral inner walls 26a and 26b, which form the gas guide channel 24.
  • the axial extent of the inner walls 26a and 26b is in each case dimensioned such that their free ends contact the respectively opposite end faces 28b and 28a, so that in this embodiment too the gaseous cooling medium is conducted substantially along the thus formed gas guide channel 24.
  • FIG. 6 A potential spark path is shown in FIG. 6 as a dashed line. Since narrow slots between the housing parts can not be avoided or be taken into account due to the negligible effect on the cooling effect, care must be taken in this embodiment that the depth of the interlocking inner walls 26a, 26b of the two housing parts 28a, 28b chosen is that the resulting spark gap is also long enough again to avoid a spark at the high voltages used along the potential spark path shown in Fig. 6.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif de refroidissement pour tubes à rayons X dans des générateurs de rayons X comporte un boîtier comprenant un système de logement central destiné à recevoir un tube à rayons X pourvu d'une ouverture d'entrée pour l'amenée d'un réfrigérant gazeux, d'une ouverture de sortie pour l'évacuation du réfrigérant gazeux et d'un conduit de guidage de gaz, qui s'étend entre l'ouverture d'entrée et l'ouverture de sortie. Le conduit de guidage de gaz est réalisé de manière à amener le réfrigérant gazeux à passer directement devant le boîtier sous haute tension lors d'un fonctionnement. Le conduit de guidage de gaz s'étend en outre en spirale autour du tube à rayons X, de sorte que le potentiel électrique appliqué contre le tube à rayons X chute le long du conduit de guidage de gaz jusqu'au potentiel nul.
EP18714134.6A 2017-03-08 2018-03-06 Dispositif de refroidissement pour générateurs de rayons x Pending EP3593601A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017002210.0A DE102017002210A1 (de) 2017-03-08 2017-03-08 Kühlvorrichtung für Röntgengeneratoren
PCT/EP2018/055393 WO2018162437A1 (fr) 2017-03-08 2018-03-06 Dispositif de refroidissement pour générateurs de rayons x

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3593601A1 true EP3593601A1 (fr) 2020-01-15

Family

ID=61827673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18714134.6A Pending EP3593601A1 (fr) 2017-03-08 2018-03-06 Dispositif de refroidissement pour générateurs de rayons x

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US10973111B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3593601A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6805362B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102335270B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110383954B (fr)
BR (1) BR112019016525A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3051517C (fr)
DE (1) DE102017002210A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2019010559A (fr)
RU (1) RU2727168C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018162437A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017002210A1 (de) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für Röntgengeneratoren
CN113792781A (zh) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-14 西门子爱克斯射线真空技术(无锡)有限公司 评估x射线管性能的方法及装置
DE102022202726B4 (de) * 2022-03-21 2024-02-15 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Röntgenhochspannungsgenerator mit einem Zwei-Phasen-Kühlsystem
WO2023183244A1 (fr) * 2022-03-23 2023-09-28 Seethru Al Inc. Système et procédé de formation de faisceau étroit de rayons x
CN116033639B (zh) * 2023-02-15 2024-04-05 上海超群检测科技股份有限公司 X射线源的内置式液冷循环系统

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DE102017002210A1 (de) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für Röntgengeneratoren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2727168C1 (ru) 2020-07-21
CN110383954B (zh) 2023-06-20
JP6805362B2 (ja) 2020-12-23
BR112019016525A2 (pt) 2020-03-31
KR20190117666A (ko) 2019-10-16
CA3051517C (fr) 2021-12-28
CA3051517A1 (fr) 2018-09-13
KR102335270B1 (ko) 2021-12-03
DE102017002210A1 (de) 2018-09-13
WO2018162437A1 (fr) 2018-09-13
CN110383954A (zh) 2019-10-25
US10973111B2 (en) 2021-04-06
MX2019010559A (es) 2019-10-24
US20200008287A1 (en) 2020-01-02
JP2020509550A (ja) 2020-03-26

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