Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
  • B25J15/0028—Gripping heads and other end effectors with movable, e.g. pivoting gripping jaw surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
  • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
  • B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
  • B23F23/04—Loading or unloading arrangements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
  • B25J11/005—Manipulators for mechanical processing tasks
  • B25J11/0055—Cutting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
  • B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
  • B25J15/0033—Gripping heads and other end effectors with gripping surfaces having special shapes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
  • G05B19/182—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by the machine tool function, e.g. thread cutting, cam making, tool direction control
  • G05B19/186—Generation of screw- or gearlike surfaces
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
  • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
  • G05B19/4069—Simulating machining process on screen
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
  • G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
  • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
  • B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
  • B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
  • G05B2219/35028—Adapt design as function of manufacturing merits, features, for manufacturing, DFM
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
  • G05B2219/35036—Correct model by comparing 3-D measured data of modified workpiece with original model
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
  • G05B2219/35157—Machinability, producibility, reject nc program if tool motion not possible
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
  • G05B2219/35193—Manufacturability
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
  • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S901/00—Robots
  • Y10S901/30—End effector
  • Y10S901/31—Gripping jaw
  • Y10S901/39—Jaw structure

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the automated design and processing of gears.
• the invention also relates to a corresponding processing machine and software.
• the production of a gear typically begins with the arithmetical interpretation, which is based on specifications such as a customer. There are a variety of approaches here, which ultimately make all a setpoint record or a neutral record available. This data record is then typically loaded into a processing machine. The processing machine converts the data record into machine data and the processing of a gear workpiece is based on the machine data. If the gear thus produced does not conform to the original design, corrections are made to the process and another gear is produced.
• Today's production and machining processes are becoming more complex and the requirements in terms of accuracy are increasing.
• the aim is to produce as little or no waste as possible.
• the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
• the invention also relates to software or software modules adapted to execute the method of the invention on a computer.
• a software module can, for. B. be part of a modular program system for a user-friendly application on the computer platform of the customer.
• the method of the invention is designed as a software-based, computer-aided method that operates largely autonomously.
• the method may involve a user to the extent that this e.g. make inputs on a screen and / or influence a selection of tools.
• the invention is based on a design method (also called dimensioning or design phase), which is suitable for specifying a function-oriented geometry of a gear to be produced, or a wheelset.
• a design method also called dimensioning or design phase
• the design method is preferably a purely theoretical, mathematical definition of the gear with or without modifications. Preferably, this design is done using customer specifications.
• the invention is based on a method for the definition of a theoretically producible geometry of the gear, this method starting from the function-oriented geometry or builds on the function-oriented geometry.
• the definition of the theoretically producible geometry is preferably carried out in all embodiments, taking into account the available processing machines and / or the available tools or tool systems (e.g., cutter heads that can be equipped with different bar knives).
• the invention is based quasi on a separate treatment of design-relevant (theoretical) aspects and production-relevant, kinematic (practical) aspects.
• the production (processing) of at least one gear on the basis of nominal or neutral data (here generally referred to as production data), which were passed to the machine.
• the desired data were previously derived or determined from the definition of the theoretically producible geometry of the gear.
• At least one correction variable can be determined, which can then be used to intervene in the processing machine and / or to calculate adjusted production data.
• This adjusted production data may then be used, for example, for the production of another gear (e.g., a small series).
• the invention thus relies on a method which comprises a plurality of process modules or processes which intermesh to build a robust process chain from design to production that enables the production of high quality gears.
• the invention sets in preferred embodiments to the targeted selection of a suitable tool and the definition of a suitable machine kinematics of a multi-axis, CNC-controlled machining machine for machining a gear.
• the machine kinematics are determined as part of a computer-based manufacturing or processing simulation.
• the software-based, computer-aided method for determining a theoretically producible geometry of the gear is used so that it takes into account kinematic aspects of both a tool and a machine tool. That All kinematic relationships are preferably determined here.
• the invention is in preferred embodiments to the use of existing tools, instead of using modified tools or even need to modify tools.
• the method of the invention makes it possible to select a suitable tool for use in a suitable tool Machining machine to produce a gear with a Vernierungsgeometrie and / or surface structure that comes as close as possible to the function-oriented geometry that was defined in the context of a design.
• the invention makes it possible to find a method that allows robust and reliable production / processing of a gear that matches as possible within narrow tolerances with the function-oriented geometry.
• the invention can be applied to CNC machines that have at least 5 CNC-controlled axes.
• the invention can be applied to milling (e.g., diagonal hobbing), peeling (e.g., skiving), or grinding (e.g., diagonal skiving) gears.
• the invention can be applied both to individual methods and to continuous sub-methods.
• a CNC-controlled processing machine which is designed as a neutral data machine.
• the invention may, for. B. in connection with a Wälzschleifmaschine according to EP3034221 AI, a WälzWarlmaschine according to EP2520390 AI or a universal machine according to WO2007012351 AI be used.
• the software and / or the computer on which the software is installed for example, an interface to the processing machine, and / or the software can be installed on a processing machine.
• a processing machine adapted for use of the invention is thereby adapted by the software according to the invention.
• the invention is used in a manufacturing environment which, in addition to the CNC-controlled processing machine and a precision measuring device, e.g. a tool station (possibly with horrinstell réelle) includes.
• a precision measuring device e.g. a tool station (possibly with horrinstell réelle) includes.
• the invention enables the rapid and targeted development of gears or wheelsets, as well as the immediately following production.
• the invention makes it possible to ensure a high level of quality and to keep the rejection rate low.
• the approach of the invention is robust and thus guarantees high process reliability.
• FIG. Fig. 1A shows a schematic view of the method of the invention
• FIG. Figure 1B is a parallel schematic view of the flow diagram of the method of the invention
• FIG. Figure 2 is a schematic view of a substep of the method of the invention
• FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of a further substep of FIG
• FIG. FIG. 3B is a schematic view of another substep of FIG.
• FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram for machining a gear Z. To be specific, the method starts from a blank or a gear workpiece. In the following, however, there is always talk of a gear Z, so as not to complicate the description.
• FIG. 1B shows in a parallel representation a highly schematized flow diagram which shows the essential steps in the form of individual (procedural) blocks.
• Sl the software-based, computer-aided design of a gear Z to be produced takes place.
• step S1 is to provide a function-oriented geometry fG of the gear Z.
• step Sl z. B. by software SW1 can be executed or supported, which is installed and executed, for example, in a computer 10.1 with screen 12.1.
• FIG. 1A is symbolized by an arrow 201 that the function-oriented geometry fG is passed to the next step S2 (eg to a software SW2).
• a second step S2 the software-based, computer-aided determination of a theoretically producible geometry THG of this gear Z.
• the second step S2 is based on the provided function-oriented geometry fG.
• step S2 is to provide a geometry thG which corresponds to the function-oriented geometry fG or which is to be regarded as an approximation of the function-oriented geometry fG.
• a geometry thG which corresponds to the function-oriented geometry fG or which is to be regarded as an approximation of the function-oriented geometry fG.
• step S2 e.g. can be executed or supported by software SW2, e.g. is installed in a computer 10.2 with screen 12.2 and is executed.
• the steps S1 and S2 can be performed in all embodiments but also on the same computer 10, in a computer network and / or with one and the same software SW.
• the software SW in this case comprises two correspondingly designed software modules SW1 and SW2.
• production data PD may be provided and e.g. B. be transferred to a processing machine 50, as shown in FIG. 1A symbolized by an arrow 202.
• These production data PD represent the theoretically producible geometry thG. That is, the theoretically producible geometry thG is included in these production data PD or is mapped by the production data PD.
• the production data PD can in all embodiments in addition to the theoretically producible geometry thG still include:
• production data PD is used here to take account of the fact that, depending on the provider of the software, manufacturers of the processing machine 50 and, depending on the user, different data sets and / or standards are used for communication purposes [0045]
• the processing machine 50 provides a toothed wheel, which is designated here by the reference symbol Z *, since there are always deviations between the gear Z, which was originally intended to be produced, and the currently produced gear Z * (eg due to production inaccuracies), a CNC-controlled processing machine 50 is preferably used in this step.
• step S4 the toothed wheel Z * is then subjected to a measurement which is carried out in the processing machine 50 or e.g. is performed in a separate measuring machine 20.
• a separate measuring machine 20 is shown by way of example.
• the transfer of the toothed wheel Z * is symbolized in FIG. 1A by an arrow 203.
• the aim of the measurement of the gear Z * is the provision of an actual record ID.
• the production data PD is set in relation to the actual data record ID.
• a comparison is made individual production data PD with individual data of the actual data record ID to detect deviations and to determine at least one correction value ⁇ .
• the production data PD relating to the actual data ID is set by a software SW3.
• the production data PD (see arrow 204) and the actual data record ID (see arrow 205) are transferred to this software SW3.
• the correction quantity / n ⁇ is either used to intervene in the processing machine 50 (see arrow 206) or to determine corrected production data kPD (see arrow 207).
• the intervention in the processing machine 50 may, for. For example, in such a way that the processing machine 50 can make corrections during reworking of the same toothed wheel Z *, or that during the processing of a subsequent further toothed wheel, the machining takes place from the start in a corrected form.
• corrected production data kPD are to be determined, this can be done in all embodiments, for. B. by the (re) use of the software SW2, as Fig. 1A indicated.
• the corrected production data kPD are transferred via the connection 202 to the processing machine 50 and processing of at least one additional gear wheel takes place there.
• the invention sets in step Sl on a design method that is suitable to specify a function-oriented geometry fG of a gear Z to be produced, or a wheelset.
• this is preferably a purely theoretical, mathematical definition of the gear Z with or without modifications (such modifications are sometimes referred to as corrections, although this term is not precise).
• this interpretation is carried out in step Sl using input variables, such. For example, the number of teeth, diameter and tooth width, spiral and pressure angle, tooth height and tooth head height, tooth thickness, choice of tooth system, axis angle and misalignment for installation of the gears of a wheelset, specifications for power transmission of the wheelset to be produced, information on the translation, efficiency, noise behavior.
• the input quantities can be e.g. in the form of customer specifications KV (eg in the form of a requirement profile for a wheel set).
• customer specifications KV e.g in the form of a requirement profile for a wheel set.
• FIG. 2 represents an input arrow pointing in the direction of the box Sl.
• step S1 can also be fed with the loading of a data set DS (for example, from another development environment).
• a data set DS for example, from another development environment.
• Fig. 2 therefore, another optional input arrow DS is shown.
• the required input variables can also be input to the system, as shown in FIG. 2 indicated by a keyboard 13.1.
• a function-oriented geometry fG of the toothed wheel Z or of the wheelset is determined in step S1.
• formulas F1 may be deposited in the software (see Fig. 2), or the formulas or a formula set may be loaded.
• One or more of the following partial steps can be carried out in the context of this design:
• corresponding software modules M1 to M6 can be used in step S1, as shown in FIG. 2 indicated.
• the step Sl can be the function-oriented geometry fG z. B. passed directly to the subsequent step S2, as shown by the arrow 201, or the function-oriented geometry fG can be (intermediate) stored in a (central) database.
• the invention is based on a method for defining a theoretically producible geometry thG of the gear Z, this method starting from the function-oriented geometry fG or building on the function-oriented geometry fG.
• the aim of this method is the provision of target data or neutral data (here generally referred to as production data PD), which can be transferred directly or indirectly (for example via a (central) database) to the processing machine 50.
• target data or neutral data here generally referred to as production data PD
• the theoretically producible geometry thG of the toothed wheel Z or of the wheel set is determined in step S2.
• formulas F2 may be stored in the software (see FIG. 3A), or the formulas or a formula set may be loaded.
• the theoretically producible geometry thG can be determined, for example, by means of a numerical optimization method in which the Deviations between the theoretically producible geometry thG and the function-oriented geometry fG are minimized or that is applied in such a way that the deviations of the theoretically producible geometry thG from the function-oriented geometry fG lie within tolerances).
• step S2 tool data WD z. B. can be loaded from a database 11.
• This substep is optional.
• corresponding software modules M7 to Mx are used in step S2, as indicated in FIG. 3A.
• step S2 manual input of data or selection may be required in step S2, as indicated by a keyboard 13.2 in FIG. 3A.
• step S2 in all embodiments for determining the theoretically producible geometry thG of the gear Z, a computer-based machining simulation, preferably in the form of an average simulation, is used.
• production data PD are provided and stored and / or transferred to a processing machine 50, as symbolized by the arrow 202.
• a graphical representation can also be made (for example, as a scoring page) in order to inform the user of deviations of the theoretically producible geometry thG from the function-oriented geometry fG.
• production-relevant details eg the question of whether a single-part method or a continuous partial method is used is to be discussed
• production-relevant details can z. B. in the form of individual software modules M7 to Mx or processed.
• all embodiments comprise at least one CNC-controlled processing machine 50 for machining the gear Z.
• a processing machine 50 may, for. B. implement the production data PD in suitable machine data, so that in the processing machine 50, the processing steps and axis movements run coordinated in time and space.
• the machining of the gear is summarized in FIG. 1B as step S3.
• a gear Z * is transferred directly or indirectly (eg via an intermediate storage) to a measuring device 20 within the processing machine 50 or to a separate measuring machine 20, as shown in FIG. 1A.
• This transfer can be done manually, semi-automatically or fully automatically in all embodiments.
• the measuring device 20 or measuring machine 20 is incorporated in the overall concept of the invention. All embodiments may be a fully automated or semi-automatic measuring device 20 or measuring machine 20.
• production data PD for measurement S4 (eg, for a topography measurement) is read.
• the actual data ID of the toothed wheel Z * resulting from the measurement S4 can be stored in an associated data record.
• the method of the invention preferably performs a target / actual adjustment in all embodiments in step S5.
• suitable parameters eg tolerances previously defined in the context of the design Sl
• the processing machine 50 directly or indirectly (eg via a database or via the software SW2) the correction variables ⁇ determined therefrom.
• an individual data record is preferably maintained for each customer order in order to be able to handle the design, definition, processing and measurement process in a production-oriented manner that is free of any confusion.
• a complete documentation of all relevant process steps Sl - S6 is guaranteed.
• two databases may be used, one using the databases for the development data (eg, fG and thG) and the other for the production data PD.
• the development data database may or may not be associated with the processing engine 50.
• the database of production data PD i.e., target data and / or neutral data
• the mentioned databases can all, or only partially, be reachable via a network.
• step S1 a purely theoretical, mathematical consideration is made. Only the step S2 creates the reference to the practice. It is therefore entirely conceivable that in step Sl a function-oriented Geometry fG is developed, which turns out in step S2 as not at all or not economically viable to produce.
• step S2 can now offer the best possible approximation for the planned production. However, if this approximation does not meet expectations, e.g. corresponds to the customer, such an approximation must be discarded. In this case, the method of the invention may branch back to step S1 to allow the user to make corrections to the function-oriented geometry fG.
• step S2 which is used to determine the theoretically producible geometry thG of the gear Z, may be designed as an iterative method to allow a user to select a first tool (eg from the tool database 11 in FIG 3B) and the theoretically producible geometry thG of the gear Z based on tool data WD of this first tool, and if the theoretically producible geometry thG is not suitable, allow the user to select a second tool and the theoretically producible geometry thG of Gear Z based on tool data WD to determine this second tool.
• a first tool eg from the tool database 11 in FIG 3B
• the theoretically producible geometry thG of the gear Z based on tool data WD of this first tool
• the step S2 may also offer in all embodiments the calculation of optimal tool data WD of a tool as an option.
• These optimal tool data WD describe a tool that would be optimal for machining (step S 3) of the gear Z based on the production data PD in the processing machine 50.
• the user can now assemble a tool based on the optimal tool data WD (eg by grinding bar knives and fitting a knife head with these bar knives, or dressing a grinding wheel or selecting a dressing tool), or he can, for example, a corresponding tool at a tool manufacturer in Give order.
• Target data record also neutral data

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Robotics (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Numerical Control (AREA)
• Gear Processing (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-02-16 DE DE102017103115.4A patent/DE102017103115A1/de active Pending
• 2018
  • 2018-01-11 JP JP2019543886A patent/JP2020507485A/ja active Pending
  • 2018-01-11 WO PCT/EP2018/050617 patent/WO2018149565A1/de unknown
  • 2018-01-11 CN CN201880012388.3A patent/CN110300936B/zh active Active
  • 2018-01-11 US US16/483,794 patent/US11999053B2/en active Active
  • 2018-01-11 EP EP18700653.1A patent/EP3583476A1/de active Pending

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