EP3580406B1 - Decoupling track - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a decoupling sheet with a carrier plate and a plurality of knobs protruding from the plane of the carrier plate.

In the present application, the term “decoupling” is understood to mean the reduction of shear stresses or stress peaks between two layers arranged in a solid bond. Effective decoupling thus prevents shear stresses or stress peaks in one of the layers from being transferred to the other layer of the composite structure and from causing damage there.

Decoupling sheets of the aforementioned type are used, for example, in construction when laying floors, in particular for decoupling, sealing and / or for equalizing vapor pressure. The decoupling strips are laid, in particular glued, on a sub-surface and form the support surface for floor covering elements such as ceramic tiles. Tiles are laid, especially on young screed, using the thin-bed method. If no decoupling membrane is laid between the tiled floor and the new screed, if the screed shrinks, the tiles, in particular due to their low expansion coefficient, will not be able to follow the movement of the screed, so that shear stresses arise, which ultimately lead to the tiles becoming detached or even tearing being able to lead. Decoupling membranes are also required when laying coverings on particularly critical substrates, such as old wooden floors. A decoupling sheet of the aforementioned type compensates for these shear stresses through deformation, which is why there is no need to fear damage to the composite structure. Most of the time, decoupling sheets are made of film-like plastic, that is, a flexible plastic layer that deforms under the action of external forces. The material is usually selected so that it is low in emissions, especially with regard to pollutants.

To fix the floor covering elements on the decoupling membrane, a thin layer of tile adhesive, also called adhesive mortar or bonding layer, is usually applied to the support plane of the decoupling membrane. There it goes without saying that, instead of a tile adhesive, an equally suitable adhesive or fastening layer or a corresponding material can ultimately be provided. Tile adhesives are usually combed with a notched trowel or a toothed smoothing trowel and a different tile adhesive is used depending on the area of application and / or the substrate. For example, a reaction resin adhesive, a cementitious thin-bed mortar, a casein tile adhesive or a dispersion adhesive is used as the tile adhesive.

After the tile adhesive has been applied to a decoupling membrane, the individual flooring elements or tiles are laid on the tile adhesive. During application, the tile adhesive penetrates into the recesses of the decoupling membrane and hardens.

With such decoupling webs, the connected floor covering elements are separated from the subsurface and mechanically decoupled. Due to the arrangement of the knobs transversely to the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, there are channels that extend over the entire carrier plate. These channels work together with the knobs in such a way that they absorb and compensate for mechanical loads and, in particular, shear stresses. This stress on the floor covering elements can be generated due to the effects of temperature and moisture and / or due to a load with weight.

In the production of such decoupling sheets, a molding tool is used which has projections corresponding to the depressions or knobs. However, demolding the mold and the decoupling sheet is usually problematic. In addition, the decoupling sheet can easily be damaged during demolding, especially if the projections of the tool have sharp corners that cut into and / or tear into the mostly still soft decoupling sheet material. In practice, attempts are made to solve the latter problem by providing the corners of the tool projections with a radius.

Decoupling tracks of the aforementioned type are for example from the EP 2 372 041 B1 and from the EP 2 246 467 B1 known.

The EP 2 372 041 B1 relates to a method for producing a carrier plate and a carrier plate for a floor, wall or ceiling structure covered with panels to achieve a decoupling between the substrate and the surface covering to be applied to the foil-like plate, which has a foil-like plate with a plurality of chambers which are formed by depressions in a plane of the foil-like plate, the end faces of which form a first plate side and opposite a second plate side . In this case, at least on one side of the plate, an adhesion-promoting layer made of a web-like material is applied, which lines at least the depressions of the chambers. The adhesion-strengthening layer should serve for better decoupling and, moreover, for better connection of the tile adhesive. The depressions serve to hold the tile adhesive, which is applied on the top of the adhesion-enhancing layer of the decoupling membrane. In the known decoupling track, round, cylindrical and / or cup-shaped formations are provided as depressions.

Instead of an adhesion-promoting layer or in addition to this, the EP 2 246 467 B1 known that by applying a large number of fibers to the top of the decoupling sheet facing the tile adhesive, improved adhesion of the tile adhesive should be made possible. The knobs or depressions of this known decoupling sheet have a round, cylindrical and / or cup-shaped shape and are accordingly rounded. The fibers applied to the upper surface of the decoupling sheet are permanently connected to this surface. The tile adhesive is introduced into the recesses of the carrier plate.

The ones from the EP 2 372 041 B1 and EP 2 246 467 B1 known decoupling webs have regularly arranged round, cylindrical formations which are arranged in rows and columns. Due to the arrangement, channels are formed between the rows of knobs, which extend over the entire decoupling track. These channels are open to the ground and intersect with other channels. When the tile adhesive is applied, the channels are only covered with a thin layer of the tile adhesive, so that they form a line of weakness that favors deformation of the decoupling path along this line of weakness. In the event of an unfavorable arrangement, the course of the joint between adjacent covering elements would coincide with a line of weakness or predetermined breaking point, so that hairline cracks and / or major damage would occur in the adhesive mortar layer and / or in the joint itself.

The disadvantage of the known decoupling sheets is that they do not use the additional adhesion-strengthening layer or without additional fibers have inadequate decoupling properties between the covering elements and the subsurface. The production of such decoupling sheets is expensive, since an additional process step is provided by applying the adhesion-promoting layer or additional fibers to increase the adhesion between the tile adhesive and the surface of the decoupling sheet facing the tile adhesive layer.

The AT 211 523 B relates to a moisture and vapor blocking component that is particularly suitable for use in civil engineering, water and road construction. The component has a profile or embossing and staggered conical or truncated pyramid-like bulges extending over the entire surface.

The object of the present invention is now to provide a decoupling sheet which achieves improved interlocking of the tile adhesive with the decoupling sheet.

In addition, it is in particular the object of the present invention to provide a simple and efficient method for producing a decoupling sheet.

The aforementioned object is essentially achieved according to the invention in a decoupling sheet of the type mentioned above in that a plurality of projections and / or depressions is provided on the side of the knob base facing the knob interior and / or that on the side facing the knob interior the Support plate a plurality of projections and / or depressions is provided.

The structuring and / or the depressions and / or projections of the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate preferably have a height and / or a depth of greater than 1 μm, preferably greater than 100 μm, more preferably between 100 to 1000 μm and in particular at least substantially between 300 to 500 µm. If a protrusion directly adjoins a recess, the protrusion protruding from the plane of the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate and the recess protruding into the knobbed base and / or into the carrier plate, the distance between the deepest point of the recess and the highest Location of the projection preferably greater than 50 μm, more preferably greater than 100 μm, more preferably further between 100 to 300 μm and in particular at least substantially between 300 to 800 μm.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the projections and / or depressions on the knobbed base and / or on the carrier plate form a structured surface of the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate.

According to the invention, more than 20, preferably more than 100, more preferably more than 1000, preferably more than 10,000, projections and / or depressions are provided on the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate, the protrusions and / or depressions, preferably both on the knobbed base as well as on the carrier plate, are arranged irregularly and / or randomly. A structured surface of the decoupling sheet results from a large number of projections and depressions.

In this context, the most diverse shapes and / or structures of the depressions and / or projections are advantageously provided, in particular the shapes and / or structures of the projections and / or depressions resulting from the way in which the projections and / or depressions are manufactured.

Ultimately, it is preferably provided according to the invention that a structured surface is formed for better interlocking of the tile adhesive, with the surface being structured on the basis of projections and / or depressions. As explained below, the projections and / or depressions can have a fixed geometric shape, in particular if they are embossed during production of the decoupling sheet, and / or they have a wide variety of structures or shapes, it being essential to the invention that the projections and / or depressions have a maximum height and / or depth of greater than 1 μm.

In a further preferred embodiment variant, a molding is used to form an undercut on the projections and / or depressions. This formation forms the undercut, in particular the undercut serving to better grip the tile adhesive on the surface of the carrier plate and / or the knobbed base, the tile adhesive preferably engaging in the area of the undercut and clawing there.

When structuring the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate, it is advantageously provided that at least 30% of the free surface of the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate is structured and / or has depressions and / or projections. Preferably over 50% of the carrier plate and / or over 50%, preferably over 70%, more preferably 80% +/- 5%, of the total area of all knobbed floors are structured and / or have projections and / or depressions. This structured surface ensures better clawing of the tile adhesive and an increase in the adhesive strength of the entire decoupling membrane. The surface of the carrier plate and / or the knobbed bases are preferably roughened or structured over the entire surface.

As a result, provision is made for a large number of protruding projections, between which depressions are provided, to be present on the knobbed base and / or the carrier plate, which serve for clawing / connection with the tile adhesive to be applied to the decoupling membrane on the tile side. The projections are ultimately material protrusions or elevations. The depressions are not perforations in the studded bottom or the carrier plate that allow air or moisture to be exchanged from the bottom side to the tile side. The same also applies to the projections, which also have no openings or perforations and therefore likewise do not allow any air or moisture exchange from the bottom side to the tile side.

The aforementioned embodiment of the invention increases the exposed surface of the knobbed bottoms and the surface of the carrier plate facing away from the knobbed bottoms, ie. H. the surface of the webs provided on the carrier plate between the individual knob openings protruding into the knob interiors. The projections and / or depressions and the enlarged surface area result in improved clawing of the tile adhesive. The projections and / or depressions according to the invention also improve the demoldability of the entire decoupling sheet. The projections and / or depressions lead, in particular, to the decoupling sheet having increased flexural rigidity and / or torsional rigidity.

In connection with the realization of the invention, it was found in tests carried out that the projections and / or depressions in the knobbed base and / or in the carrier plate improved the adhesive tensile strength by up to 40% compared to the known decoupling membrane - consequently significantly improved interlocking of the tile adhesive with the decoupling membrane - results.

The aforementioned implementation of the projections and / or the depressions and / or the structured surface of the carrier plate and / or the knobbed base can in principle be implemented on each knobbed base and / or each knob in the manner described above, regardless of the type of configuration of the Knob and / or the knob bottom. The nub can thus - seen in plan view - have, for example, an elliptical, in particular round, or also a square, in particular rectangular and / or square shape.

In this case, adjacent knobs are preferably arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, in particular in a row.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the knob is designed with multiple legs. The multi-limbed design of the nub in combination with the arrangement of adjacent nubs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate enables in particular an optimal distribution between the exposed surface of the carrier plate and the nub surface. This ratio largely determines the drainage and decoupling properties. In the case of a multi-limbed design of the knob, it was found in the tests that the decoupling properties can be improved many times over. A plurality of projections and / or depressions is preferably provided on the leg base of one leg.

Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept, an arrangement of directly adjacent knobs is provided transversely to the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, with immediately adjacent knobs having a triaxial knobbed base, in particular with at least three leg sides.

A three-axis design of the knobbed base is to be understood as a three-legged design in a two-dimensional extension. The knobbed base or knob accordingly has three legs. For the three-dimensional design of the knob, it is provided that at least one side wall adjoins the knob bottom to form the knob interior.

The three-axis nub shape results from the top view of the decoupling sheet.

First of all, the three-axis design of the knobbed base is characterized by the fact that simple production of the decoupling sheet according to the invention is ensured. In particular, this production enables high processing speeds to be achieved, preferably by what is known as an inline process, the decoupling sheet being produced continuously at a comparatively high production speed. The increased production speed is made possible in particular by the fact that a quick and easy demolding of the decoupling sheet according to the invention is provided. An increased processing speed leads in particular to a reduction in the production time and thus to a saving in production costs.

The nubs according to the invention and the nub arrangement according to the invention also offer the possibility of simply filling the decoupling membrane with tile adhesive. This filling is simplified in particular by the fact that a three-axis shape of the nubs is selected so that the tile adhesive is well distributed within this nub shape when it is applied and introduced into the nubs and the air can easily escape from the depressions.

In addition, good drying and extremely good vapor pressure equalization are ensured, since in the decoupling membrane according to the invention the channels that arise between adjacent knobs are connected to one another indirectly and / or directly over the entire dimpled membrane. Due to the three-axis nub shape of the nub base, the channels are preferably rounded or wave-shaped, so that a full-area vapor pressure equalization without interruptions simultaneously results in both good dehumidification and ventilation. The inventive design of the decoupling membrane allows the decoupling membrane to be applied in particular to a damp and possibly not completely cured substrate, in particular due to the very good vapor pressure equalization, without the moisture still present in the substrate being trapped and / or the desired drying of the substrate being prevented and / or being excessively delayed. As a result, the decoupling membrane can be laid shortly after the sub-floor has been created. This has the particular advantage that the installation time of the entire floor covering is drastic can be reduced, a quick work sequence is guaranteed and accordingly the production costs of the covering can be reduced.

Furthermore, the dimpled sheet according to the invention has improved decoupling properties, since with a triaxial dimple shape of the dimpled bottom, preferably in connection with the alignment of the dimples in rows in the longitudinal direction and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, with a central area that is defined by a circle, results in an improved load distribution. In addition, voltage peaks are reduced or, in some cases, completely avoided. The shear stresses are transferred to the decoupling sheet and are distributed in particular on the surface of the carrier plate facing away from the knobs. The significantly improved load distribution is also advantageously achieved by the channel structure. The decoupling effect is advantageously designed in such a way that, on the one hand, no cracks occur in the surface of the covering facing away from the decoupling membrane and, on the other hand, that possible cracks in the subsurface, which in particular only appear after the decoupling membrane has been laid, do not appear in the tile adhesive layer and / or on the Draw the covering elements.

In tests carried out, it was found that, in comparison to the decoupling membrane known from the prior art, the decoupling properties could be improved by up to 30% when using the knob having the triangular knobbed base.

In addition to a significantly improved demoldability and increased decoupling properties, the knobbed shape according to the invention also offers greater strength of the tile bonding, since the tile adhesive is very well distributed in the recess created by the and in the recesses between the projections and an interaction between the carrier plate and the knobs lead to the fact that the strength is increased. This also increases the tensile strength of the entire decoupling membrane. Above all, no additional adhesion-strengthening layer or additional fibers are required, so that in particular the manufacturing costs and / or the production time can be reduced.

The adhesive tensile strength serves as a parameter for the adhesion and / or adhesion of layers to substrates, in particular concrete surfaces. It is determined by means of a special test, also known as the pull-off test and / or tear-off test becomes. DIN EN 1348 has a specification for determining the adhesive tensile strength under defined conditions.

Due to the increased strength of the tile bonding and the improved decoupling properties, a lower overall layer height of the decoupling sheets according to the invention can be selected compared to the decoupling sheet known from the prior art. This smaller overall layer structure leads, among other things, to the fact that when laying, less tile adhesive is required to connect the covering elements to the decoupling membrane, so that the production costs of the covering to be laid are reduced.

The decoupling sheet according to the invention also has a high torsional stiffness, preferably while maintaining a high winding ability. The high torsional stiffness or torsional stiffness means that the decoupling track cannot kink and / or twist, in particular by 90 °. The ability to be wound nonetheless implies that the decoupling sheet can be rolled up, preferably for transport.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the decoupling track has a low torsional stiffness, so that the decoupling track can in particular be bent and / or twisted. A rectangular shape of the knob is preferably selected in this embodiment variant.

In addition, it was found in tests that the decoupling sheet according to the invention, in addition to its excellent decoupling properties, also has very good impact sound insulation. This effect is also the result of the special shape and arrangement of the pimples.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the projection and / or recess on the knobbed base is formed in a spiral and / or arcuate section. It has been found that, in particular, the spiral and / or rounded protrusion and / or recess shape results in improved clawing of the tile adhesive. Ultimately, tests have shown that it is particularly advantageous if the spiral-shaped projection and / or depression is provided in the central area of the knobbed base.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that a large number of projections and / or depressions can be provided on the knobbed base, so that the tensile strength between the decoupling membrane and the covering elements is increased.

Accordingly, it is provided in a further preferred embodiment in connection with the three-legged knob or the knob having the three-legged knobbed bottom that the leg bottom of one leg of the knob has a plurality of projections and / or depressions.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the projections and / or depressions are arranged concentrically to the central area and / or to the center point of the knob on the leg base.

Furthermore, it has been found that it is particularly advantageous if the projections and / or depressions of the knobbed base are designed in a web-like and / or rectangular and / or elliptical shape in another configuration. In this context, it is particularly preferred if the web-like and / or rectangular and / or elliptical projections and / or depressions on the knobbed base are aligned transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate. This arrangement of the projections and / or depressions on the knobbed base requires, with good demouldability of the knobbed membrane, in particular simple filling of the decoupling membrane with the tile adhesive.

It goes without saying that not only protrusions and / or depressions can be applied to the knobbed base, but in a further preferred embodiment, as an alternative to the protrusions and / or depressions on the knobbed base or in addition, protrusions and / or depressions are also on the carrier plate or The support plate webs are provided between the knob openings projecting into the knob interiors, both in the longitudinal direction of the support plate and in the transverse direction of the support plate. This arrangement of the projections and / or depressions on the carrier plate, in particular in combination with a preferred embodiment of the projections in web-like and / or rectangular and / or elliptical shape, results in good tensile strength.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the projections and / or depressions of the carrier plate are elongated are and are aligned with their longitudinal extent exclusively transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate. This alignment, in combination with the elongated shape, causes in particular better interlocking of the tile adhesive with the carrier plate.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a special arrangement of the projections and / or depressions is provided in which they run in rows transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate and are arranged alternately in terms of their orientation. It is precisely with such a design and arrangement that the tile adhesive engages well with the carrier plate.

Preferably, at least one knob having a three-axis knob bottom has three long sides, the central area of the three-axis knob bottom being defined by a circle, which all long sides touch tangentially. This geometric configuration of the knob or knob bottom enables particularly high decoupling properties with an excellent drainage function at the same time.

In an advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept, the knob or the three-axis knob bottom is concave on at least one long side. This concave design of the long side means that an improved demolding can take place, since in particular there are no corners between the long sides. Improved demolding requires a simpler and / or improved manufacturing process.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the decoupling sheet according to the invention, at least one recess is provided in the area of the long side and / or leg side of the knob or the knob bottom to form an undercut on the inside of the knob. It is ultimately understood that the long side is formed, for example, by two and / or one leg side. The tile adhesive penetrates the undercut during the filling process, so that improved clawing is achieved. This in turn leads to a fixation and / or to the form-fitting fixing of the tile web or the covering elements to be applied to the decoupling mat.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept, the formation for forming the undercut on the inside of the knob is sickle-like or arcuate and / or arcuate section-shaped and / or crescent-shaped. This arcuate section-shaped design leads in particular to improved demolding during the production of the decoupling sheet. In contrast to angular undercuts, with a rounded or sickle-like shape of the undercut, easier separation between the molding tool and the decoupling path is advantageously ensured. Thus, the decoupling sheet cannot be damaged in particular during demolding. In addition, the rounded undercuts are preferably used to reduce the stress peaks of the shear stress of the covering elements and / or to distribute them evenly on the decoupling sheet.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the formation is formed by a projection protruding from the interior of the nubs. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the projection is provided in the area of the knobbed base, the projection in particular merging directly into the knobbed base. This direct transition of the projection into the knobbed base results in improved demolding, so that the molding tool can be removed from the decoupling sheet without any problems even when the decoupling sheet material is not yet fully hardened, without fear of damaging the decoupling sheet during demolding.

This advantage also arises in particular when the formation extends over at least 40%, preferably between 50% and 100% and in particular between 60% and 90% of the length of the long side and / or leg side. These dimensions require that the end area of the knob or of the three-axis knob bottom, which results from two tapering long sides, is free of undercuts or has no formation in this area. In this embodiment, the molding tool can have sharp-edged corners in the end area without causing damage to the decoupling sheet during demolding.

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the end area of the knob or of the three-axis knob bottom, which results from two tapering long sides, is rounded and has no corners. In a preferred configuration of the embodiment of the decoupling track, the radius of a concave long side is several times greater than the radius of an end region, the radius of a concave long side is preferably around two times larger than the radius of the end area. The concave long sides and the rounded and / or convex end areas of the long sides result in a curved nub shape which significantly reduces or in some cases completely avoids stress peaks. These end areas, which are in particular free of undercuts, counteract air inclusions and thus simplify filling.

In addition, it has been found in tests carried out that it is particularly advantageous if the knob and / or the three-axis knob bottom is mirror-symmetrical to a central axis running essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction. This mirror-symmetrical knob axis is extremely advantageous not only in terms of production technology, but also in relation to the product properties of the decoupling sheet, which will be discussed below.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the concept of the invention, it is provided that the angle of the legs extending from the central area between the mutually adjacent, spaced leg axes is at least 90 °.

In order to ensure an optimized arrangement of the knobs on the decoupling track, the invention provides in a further embodiment that the leg length of one leg, in particular the leg running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the decoupling track, is less than the other two leg lengths. It is particularly advantageous if the angle which is arranged between the leg axis of the shorter leg and the leg axis of the adjacent leg is greater than 120 ° and in particular is less than 130 °. Due to a preferably mirror-symmetrical arrangement, two larger angles are provided for the knob or the three-axis knob bottom and the angle that is included between the axis of the legs of the longer legs is correspondingly smaller than 120 °. In comparison to the right-angled and / or rotationally symmetrical geometries customary in the prior art, this geometry has the advantage that improved decoupling properties of the entire decoupling sheet are produced when using the knob with the aforementioned properties.

It should be pointed out in this connection that particularly improved decoupling properties result when a large number of the knobs according to the invention having the triaxial knobbed bottom are on the decoupling sheet is provided. In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the knobs running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate are arranged such that there is no continuous straight line running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate on the carrier plate and / or that knobs running in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate are arranged in this way that there is no continuous line, straight line running in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate and / or that knobs running longitudinally and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate are arranged in such a way that there is no continuous straight line running obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate on the carrier plate . "Continuous" here means a connection from one edge of the decoupling sheet to the opposite edge of the decoupling sheet on the other longitudinal or transverse side of the decoupling sheet. According to the invention, this is achieved in particular in that a knob having a three-axis knobbed base is used with the aforementioned properties, which makes this embodiment possible only through the arrangement and thus through the interaction of the knobs.

The aforementioned configuration avoids weakening lines and / or predetermined breaking edges of the dimpled sheet which exceed the entire dimple diameter, in particular by a multiple. The arrangement of the knobs in the aforementioned manner results in channel sections between the knobs which have a course, in particular meandering, in right and left curves, so that the channel sections extend, preferably in a wave-like manner, over the carrier plate. By avoiding a straight course of the individual channels, it can advantageously be excluded that straight lines of weakness are formed over the decoupling track. Ultimately, it is not relevant how the decoupling track is laid in a room, so that in any direction a channel section running in this direction would meet a knob if continued in a straight line, so that the weakened section line formed by the channel section in question is interrupted and thus, in particular, the formation of longer lines of weakness is prevented. Accordingly, regardless of the orientation of the decoupling membrane during laying, it can be ensured that joints formed in the laid floor covering repeatedly run over knobs in sections so that joints do not run congruently over a longer channel section of the decoupling membrane.

The carrier plate according to the invention preferably only has such channels when using the three-axis nub, which extend from one side edge to another side edge of the carrier plate and run in right and left curves, based on the transverse direction of the decoupling track or the carrier plate. Each space between two adjacent knobs represents a channel section and is part of a channel, so that lines of weakness or predetermined breaking edges running in a straight line across the carrier plate between knobs arranged at a distance are excluded.

It is ultimately understood that in a further embodiment, in particular when using a square and / or elliptical and / or rectangular knob, such weakening lines and / or predetermined breaking edges of the decoupling sheet can result.

In another preferred embodiment, the knobs are arranged both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, the center points of the longitudinal knobs being provided on a line at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the decoupling sheet and the center points of the lines running transversely to the longitudinal direction Knobs are arranged on an at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction line. This arrangement of the knobs leads to advantages in terms of manufacturing technology, since this, preferably symmetrical, arrangement of the knobs can be introduced into a film-like material by means of an embossing device, preferably a knob roller, by means of molding tools that is fed to the embossing device as the base material of the decoupling mat. The molding tools are arranged on the knobbed roller so that the embossing of the knobs can take place in a continuous manufacturing process.

Another possible and supplementary aspect of the present invention is that the knobs located in a row running essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction are arranged one behind the other in such a way that the shorter leg of the knobs or the knobbed base is aligned in the longitudinal direction. In the case of a directly adjacent row of knobs that runs at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the decoupling track, the shorter legs of the knobs are oriented opposite to the longitudinal direction. In this case, it is particularly possible to avoid the aforementioned weakening lines over the decoupling track, in that the channel sections that are created between the adjacent knobs are not designed in a straight line. The invention shorter legs ensure that the knobs are arranged in longitudinal and transverse rows to the carrier plate, but without having or forming a line of weakness.

Preferably, in a further embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the arrangement of the knobs on the carrier plate is designed so that the shortest distance between two adjacent knobs is always approximately the same size, in particular with a deviation of +/- 20%, preferably + / - 10%. This produces, in particular, the same or approximately the same channel width, with the channels extending in a meandering manner over the carrier plate due to the knobbed shape. Advantageously, to form the same channel widths and / or to ensure an at least essentially shortest constant section between two adjacent knobs, one leg of the knobs is to be made shorter.

In a further preferred embodiment of the concept of the invention, it is provided that the knobs are arranged and / or designed in such a way that approximately the same flow cross section results in the channels, in particular with a deviation of +/- 20%, preferably +/- 10%.

Basically, it goes without saying that a flat connecting means can be provided for the connection between the decoupling membrane and the substrate on the outside of the knobbed floors. This connecting means is preferably attached to the knobbed floors, the connecting means preferably being designed as a fleece and / or woven fabric and / or scrim and / or grid and / or paper, in particular in a full-area and / or grid-shaped design. According to the invention, the connecting means specifies that the knobbed base is firmly connected to the substrate via the connecting means, so that in particular its adhesive tensile strength is increased. The connecting means is preferably introduced directly into the outside of the knobbed floors during the manufacturing process of the decoupling sheet. Due to the firm connection of the decoupling membrane to the substrate by means of the connecting means, a shift between the covering layer and the decoupling membrane is preferably avoided.

The arrangement of the connecting means on the knobbed bases is preferably designed in such a way that the channels or channel sections, via which dehumidification and / or ventilation are possible, result between the outer sides of the knobs and the connecting means. The lanyard is usually facing the substrate on which the decoupling membrane is placed. The openings in the individual knobs are oriented towards the laying side so that the tile adhesive can be introduced into the knobs or into the interiors of the knobs.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the knobs is between 1 and 5 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5 mm. This comparatively low nub height enables a small overall layer structure and implies the reduced amount of tile adhesive required for the connection between the decoupling membrane and the paving elements. Nevertheless, due to the special nub shape and design, a firm connection between the tile adhesive and the decoupling membrane is achieved while at the same time achieving an excellent decoupling effect.

In another preferred embodiment, the clear distance between adjacent knobs has a width greater than 2 mm, in particular between 3 mm to 9 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 5 mm to 6 mm. This clear distance also determines the width of the channel section and thus defines the free space between adjacent knobs. Due to the existing width, the duct section not only ensures good dehumidification and ventilation of the subfloor, but also a uniform distribution of heat, especially in system structures with underfloor heating.

In addition, in a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the ratio of the area of the knobbed bases of all knobs to the carrier plate is preferably between 40% to 70%, more preferably between 45% to 55% and in particular at least substantially 50%. In tests carried out, it has been found that, if the aforementioned ratio is observed, particularly good decoupling values are achieved with a particularly firm fixation of the tile adhesive on the decoupling sheet. The aforementioned ratio, together with the knob height, also largely defines the required amount of tile adhesive that is used to bond the decoupling membrane and the covering element. On the carrier plate, in particular, a load distribution of the shear stress that occurs through the channels is made possible, wherein the stresses that occur are preferably compensated. In tests it was finally found that the ratio of 40% to 60%, preferably 45% to 55%, is particularly advantageous and has good decoupling properties and good adhesive tensile strength.

In addition, a method for producing the decoupling sheet with a carrier plate and a plurality of knobs protruding from the plane of the carrier plate is provided. In the method according to the invention it is provided that a plurality of projections and / or depressions is made in the side of the nub base facing the nub interior and / or that a plurality of protrusions and / or depressions are made in the side of the carrier plate facing the nub interior is, in particular with the surface being roughened.

A structured and / or roughened surface is thus preferably produced. The structured surface can have irregularly and randomly arranged projections and depressions.

In this case, the studded bottoms of directly adjacent studs are preferably designed transversely to the longitudinal direction and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, in particular with three axes. Ultimately, however, it goes without saying that other knob structures can be provided according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the projection is produced by laser methods, plasma methods, mechanical methods, preferably blasting, in particular by means of sand and / or nutshells, and / or by embossing during and / or after the production of the decoupling sheet. It has been found that the aforementioned method results in a surface that is ideally roughened or roughened for the subsequent processing of the decoupling membrane.

It is ultimately understood that the projections and / or depressions can be made in the decoupling sheet or in the carrier plate and / or in the knobbed base after the production of the decoupling sheet, in particular in a separate process step.

In terms of manufacturing technology, it is advisable to emboss the projections and / or depressions in the decoupling sheet directly during the production of the decoupling sheet, so that the projections and / or depressions are directly by means of Depressions and / or elevations are arranged on the molding tools and / or the embossing device or the knobbed roller.

In another embodiment, it is provided that the embossing after the production of the decoupling web is carried out by an additional or further embossing roller, which is in particular heated. This additional embossing roller adjoins the actual nub roller, via which the decoupling sheet as such is produced, in the direction of manufacture.

The surface modification or structuring can alternatively be carried out by mechanical methods such as blasting, for example using sand and / or nutshells. A roughening or roughening of the surface is given in mechanical processes through the use of, for example, brushes and / or sandpaper.

The disadvantage of mechanical roughening by sanding, brushing and / or material removal by means of sandpaper is the comparatively high material removal, which leads to a weakening of the knobs and the overall decoupling path. It has surprisingly been found that the production processes laser radiation, plasma radiation, embossing and / or blasting can reduce the material removal by up to 30% compared to sanding or brushing. In particular, the structured surface can be specified and implemented in a targeted manner by the production method according to the invention, which is not possible with brushing and sanding.

The aforementioned methods lead to a structured surface or to a profiling of the surface, so that in particular an increased roughness is caused. The roughening or structuring of the surface by means of nut blasting proved to be particularly advantageous in the tests carried out.

In the plasma process, high-energy electrons and ions are generated in particular directly from the surrounding atmosphere by means of strong electrical fields and used to generate a plasma. As a result, the surface structure of the decoupling sheet is attacked accordingly. The laser method preferably comprises the treatment of the surface of the decoupling track with a pulsed laser beam source, which can preferably be directed onto the surface of the decoupling track with a high radiation intensity.

When laying the decoupling mat on a sub-surface, an adhesion-enhancing layer between the decoupling membrane and the covering elements can be applied to the decoupling membrane, preferably by brushing and / or spraying and / or brushing on. In principle, it is also conceivable to apply an adhesion-enhancing layer to the decoupling sheet by brushing on and / or spraying on and / or brushing on while the decoupling sheet is being produced.

As a result, the invention relates to a decoupling sheet with a carrier plate and a plurality of knobs protruding from the carrier plate, adjacent knobs being arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate, a plurality of projections to improve the decoupling properties and to increase the adhesive tensile strength and / or depressions are provided on the knobbed bases and / or the surface of the carrier plate which faces away from the knobbed bases. Ultimately, the invention also relates to a method for producing a decoupling sheet, in particular with the projections and / or depressions according to the invention.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the aforementioned intervals and range limits contain any intermediate intervals and individual values and are to be regarded as disclosed as being essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specifically specified.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the drawing and the drawing itself. All of the features described and / or illustrated form the subject matter of the present invention individually or in any combination, regardless of their Summary in the claims or their reference back.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Teil einer Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 2

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht längs der Linie I-I gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine einen dreiachsigen Noppenboden aufweisende Noppe,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Noppe,

Fig. 5

schematische Draufsichten auf weitere einen dreiachsigen Noppenboden aufweisende Noppen,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 7

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 8

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 9

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 10

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 11

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 12

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 13

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn längs der Linie II-II gemäß Fig. 11,

Fig. 14

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 15

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 16

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn,

Fig. 17

eine perspektivisch schematische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn und

Fig. 18

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Entkopplungsbahn gemäß Fig. 17.

It shows

Fig. 1

a schematic plan view of part of a decoupling track,

Fig. 2

a schematic cross-sectional view along the line II according to Fig. 1 ,

Fig. 3

a schematic top view of a knob having a three-axis knob bottom,

Fig. 4

a schematic top view of a further embodiment of a knob,

Fig. 5

schematic top views of further knobs having a three-axis knobbed base,

Fig. 6

a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a decoupling track,

Fig. 7

a perspective schematic view of an embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 8

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 9

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 10

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 11

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 12

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 13

a schematic cross-sectional view of a decoupling sheet according to the invention along the line II-II according to FIG Fig. 11 ,

Fig. 14

a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a decoupling track,

Fig. 15

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 16

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention,

Fig. 17

a perspective schematic view of a further embodiment of a decoupling sheet according to the invention and

Fig. 18

a schematic cross-sectional view of a decoupling sheet according to the invention according to Fig. 17 .

Fig. 1 shows part of a decoupling sheet 1 with a carrier plate 2 and a plurality of knobs 4 protruding from the carrier plate plane 3. Adjacent knobs 4 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 (in the transverse direction 15) of the carrier plate 2 and in the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2. It also clarifies Fig. 1 that transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 (in the transverse direction 15) and in the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 directly adjacent knobs 4 have a three-axis knobbed base 10.

In Fig. 14 it is shown that other shapes and / or structures can also be provided for the knob 4 in further design variants. Fig. 14 shows that an elliptical, in particular cylindrical, and a diamond-shaped knob 4 are provided on a decoupling track 1. Ultimately, it goes without saying that, in further embodiment variants, only cylindrical and / or diamond-shaped and / or rectangular knobs 4 are present on the decoupling sheet 1. In Fig. 14 however, it is not shown that the decoupling sheet 1 has projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d. These projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d can have different shapes and structures in a further, not shown embodiment variant, in particular where they form a structured surface of the knobbed base 10 and / or the carrier plate 2. Furthermore, it is not shown that the projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d can be present on decoupling webs 1 together with different shapes of the knob 4. Furthermore, it is not shown that the knob 4 can be designed with multiple legs, wherein it can have two or more legs. In the embodiment variants according to FIGS. 1 to 13, the three-legged shape of the knob 4 or of the knob bottom 10 is provided.

The three-axis design of the knob 4 or the knob bottom 10 requires that three legs 12, 13 are provided. The three-axis design of the knobbed base 10 can be seen in a plan view of the decoupling sheet 1 and, consequently, in a plan view of the knob 4. The immediate vicinity of the knobs 4 in the longitudinal direction 5 and in the transverse direction 15 occurs in the case of a group of at least three knobs 4. This means that at least three immediately adjacent knobs 4 in the longitudinal direction 5 and in the transverse direction 15 have a three-axis knobs bottom 10. When the knobs 4 are arranged on the carrier plate 2, it is provided that the knobs 4 and the knobbed bases 10 neither intersect nor overlap. It is ultimately understood that in an embodiment of the decoupling sheet 1 according to the invention (not shown) it can be provided that different knob shapes or shapes of the knob bottom 10 - both three-axis and any other shapes - can be used on the decoupling sheet 1. In this embodiment variant (not shown), a group of at least three immediately adjacent knobs 4 with a three-axis knob bottom 10 is preferably formed.

As an alternative and / or in addition to the three-axis formation of immediately adjacent knobs 4 in the longitudinal direction 5 and in the transverse direction 15, at least one knob 4 with a three-axis knob bottom 10 with three long sides 6a is present on the decoupling sheet 1. According to Fig. 3 and 4th it is made clear that the central area 7 of the knob 4 or of the knob bottom 10 is defined by a circle which all long sides 6 touch tangentially.

In Fig. 3 and 4th Different embodiments of the three-axis knob shape with different three-axis knob bases 10 with three long sides 6a are shown.

Furthermore, the Fig. 1 the arrangement of the knobs 4 according to Fig. 4 on a decoupling sheet 1, all knobs 4 having a three-axis knobbed base 10.

In an embodiment variant not shown, only a knob shape with a three-axis knob bottom 10 with three long sides 6a according to FIG Fig. 3 or 4th provided, which is introduced into a carrier plate 2, the remaining knobs 4 having known knob structures, for example cylindrical and / or cup-shaped.

Incidentally, the clarify Fig. 3 and 4th that the long side 6 of the knob 4 or of the knob bottom 10 is concave. In a variant embodiment, not shown, only one long side 6a of the knob 4 or two long sides 6a of the knob 4 is concave.

A knobbed interior 20 is formed by the knobbed base 10 and at least one side wall adjoining the knobbed base 10, the three-dimensional shape of the knob 4 being produced by the at least one side wall.

The Fig. 2 shows that in the illustrated embodiment an undercut 8 on the inside of the knob is present. This undercut 8 on the inside of the knob is formed by the recess 8, the recess 8 in the illustrated embodiment being crescent-shaped and / or in the shape of an arcuate section and / or crescent-shaped. The recess 8 is also formed by a projection 9 protruding from the knob interior 20. The formation 8 is in accordance with Fig. 3 and 4th provided in the area of the long side 6a of the knob 4. Based on Fig. 2 it becomes clear that in the illustrated embodiment the projection 9 is arranged in the region of the knobbed base 10, this merging into the knobbed base 10. Incidentally, the clarify Fig. 3 and 4th that the formation 8 extends approximately over 90% of the long side 6a. In an embodiment not shown, it is provided that the formation 8 extends over at least 40%, preferably in further embodiments between 50 and 100% and in particular between 60 and 90%, of the long side 6a.

Furthermore, the Fig. 3 and 4th that the end area 11 resulting from two tapering long sides 6a is free of undercuts and thus has neither an undercut 8 nor a projection 9 to form the undercut 8. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the resulting end area 11 is rounded and has no corners Rounding is described using a circular arc section. The radius that characterizes the concavity of the long side 6a is a multiple or multiple larger than the radius that defines the circular arc section of the end region 11.

In addition, the Fig. 3 and 4th that the knob 4 or the three-axis knob bottom 10 is mirror-symmetrical to a central axis running at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction 5. This mirror symmetry will also based on the Fig. 1 clear. In the case of the three-axis knob shape of the knob bottom 10, FIGS Fig. 3 and 4th three legs 12, 13 spaced apart from one another are provided, which extend from the central region 7.

Based on Fig. 3 and 4th it can be seen that a leg length 14 of a leg 13, which runs parallel to the central axis, is shorter than the respective other two leg lengths 14 of the leg 12. In addition, different angles of the leg axes are provided in the illustrated embodiment. Basically, in all the knob shapes shown, the knob 4 angles between two spaced apart leg axes greater than 90 °. In the embodiment of the invention, the knob 4 according to Fig. 3 and 4th it is provided that the angle of the leg axis of the shorter leg 13 to the leg axis of the adjacent leg 12 is greater than 120 °, in the illustrated embodiment, about 123 °. Accordingly, the angle between the leg axes of the legs 12 is less than 120 °, approximately 114 °.

The design of the knob 4 with a three-axis knob bottom 10 enables the knob arrangement according to FIG Fig. 1 . In this embodiment it is provided that the knobs 4 are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 in such a way that there are no continuous straight lines on the carrier plate 2 or on the carrier plate plane 3 that run transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 and thus in the transverse direction 15 of the carrier plate 2 Line results. In addition, it is also provided that the knobs 4 running in the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 are arranged such that there is no continuous straight line running in the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 on the carrier plate 2. However, not only straight lines in the longitudinal direction 5 and in the transverse direction 15 have been avoided, but the knobs 4 are also arranged longitudinally and transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 in such a way that there is no continuous oblique to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 on the carrier plate 2 running straight line results. As a result, there is no straight line on the decoupling sheet 1, since individual line sections are interrupted by the knobs 4. The channel section occurring between two knobs 4 with the clearance 19 is arranged in such a way that it meanders according to FIG Fig. 1 extends over the decoupling sheet 1. The resulting lines that are possible in the channel section cannot be continued in a straight line across the carrier plate 2. In each case one leg 12, 13 of an adjacent knob 4 projects into the channel section between two knobs 4.

In addition, it goes without saying that this can also be achieved when using a different knob shape. Other three-axis knob shapes of the knob bottom 10 of the knob 4 are based on FIG Fig. 5 shown and designated with the design variants 1 to 13. The arrangement of these possible knob shapes on the carrier plate 2 can be designed in such a way that the aforementioned continuous straight lines do not result on the carrier plate 2. The three-axis embodiments 1 to 13 according to FIG Fig. 5 each show at least three leg sides 6b, it being understood that the long side 6a is formed by at least one leg side. What is not shown is that the design variants 1 to 13 can have an undercut 8 in the region of the long side and / or that the formation 8 can extend over at least 40% of the long side 6a or over the leg side 6b.

Fig. 6 shows that when using a triangular knobbed shape of the knobbed bottom 10 of the knob 4 an arrangement is provided on the carrier plate 2 such that there is no continuous straight line of the channel section of adjacent knobs 4 on the carrier plate 2. The centers of the knobs 4 or the knobbed bases 10 according to FIG Fig. 3 are arranged on straight lines running parallel to the longitudinal direction 5 and on lines running parallel to the transverse direction 15.

Even with the three-axis design of the knobbed base 10 according to FIG Fig. 3 and 4th these knobs 4 are arranged on the carrier plate 2 in such a way that according to FIG Fig. 1 an arrangement results, the knobs 4 being arranged in the longitudinal direction 5 and in the transverse direction 15 and running in rows. The center points of the knobs 4 running in the longitudinal direction 5 are arranged at least on a line running essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction 5. In addition, the center points of the knobs 4 running transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 are arranged on a line running at least substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 5 and thus in the transverse direction 15. This arrangement of the nubs 4 results in a symmetrical nub sequence within the respective row, this arrangement in particular making it possible that the aforementioned continuous straight lines or lines of weakness do not arise on the carrier plate 2.

However, not only are the center points of the knobs 4 or the knobbed bottoms 10 on the decoupling membrane 1 according to FIG Fig. 1 arranged in rows, but rather the arrangement is carried out in such a way that knobs 4 arranged one behind the other in a row running at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction 5 extend so that the shorter leg 13 of the knobs 4 is aligned in the longitudinal direction 5. In the case of a directly adjacent row running at least substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction 5, the knobs 4 arranged one behind the other are aligned such that the shorter leg 13 of the knobs 4 is oriented opposite to the longitudinal direction 5. This results in an alternating nub alignment in a row running at least substantially parallel to the transverse direction 15.

To arrange the decoupling sheet 1 on a substrate 18, a connecting means 17 is shown in FIG Fig. 2 intended. This connecting means 17 is arranged on the outside 16 of the knobbed bases 10. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the connecting means 17 is fastened to the outside 16 of the knobbed bases 10. A fleece was used as the connecting means 17 in the illustrated embodiment. It goes without saying that a fabric and / or paper and / or scrim and / or lattice can also be provided in the further embodiment variants not shown. The connecting means 17 is provided in the illustrated embodiment with a lattice-shaped design. In an embodiment not shown, a full-area design is also possible in addition to the lattice-shaped design.

In addition, the knob 4 according to FIG Fig. 2 a height of 3 mm. In further embodiments, which are not shown graphically, a height between 1 and 4 mm, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, is provided. Furthermore, the clear distance 19 between adjacent knobs 4 is greater than 2 mm in the exemplary embodiment shown. The clear distance 19 of the knobs 4 varies on the decoupling sheet 1 according to Fig. 1 so that a clear distance 19 between 3 mm to 9 mm can be provided, preferably between 4 to 8 mm, more preferably between 5 to 6 mm. Incidentally, clarifies the Fig. 1 that the ratio of the area of the knobbed bases 10 of all knobs 4 to the area of the carrier plate 2 is at least substantially about 50%. In further embodiments, the ratio can be between 40% to 70%, preferably between 45% to 55%.

Incidentally, clarified Fig. 2 that tiles 23 are provided above the carrier plate 2. Joints 24 result between adjacent tiles 23. To connect the tiles 23 to the decoupling membrane 1, a tile adhesive is provided, which is applied both to the knob interior 20 and to the carrier plate 2. It gets caught within the undercut 8 or penetrates into it the projection 9 a. Regardless of the alignment of the decoupling sheet 1 on a substrate 18, the result is that the joints 24 between the tiles 23 do not coincide with a weakening line or a continuous line on the carrier plate 2. The possible continuous line resulting between two knobs 4 cannot be continued beyond adjacent knobs 4.

In further exemplary embodiments, according to FIGS Figures 7 to 13 provided that projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d can be present both on the knobbed base 10 and on the carrier plate 2. It goes without saying that depressions 21b, 21d are provided between adjacent projections 21a, 21c. Ultimately, a projection 21a, 21c and / or recess 21b, 21d is basically followed by a recess.

The Figures 7 to 12 show a carrier plate 2 and nubs 4, the nub interior 20 being open towards the carrier plate 2. The projections 21a and / or depressions 21b can be shown on the side of the knobbed base 10 facing the knobbed interior 20 Figs. 9-11 be provided. In the illustrated embodiments, the projections 21a are shown in FIG Figs. 9-11 provided on all the dimpled bottoms 10 of the decoupling sheet 1 shown.

A perforation of the carrier plate 2 with the projections 21c and / or depressions 21d is shown in the exemplary embodiment Figures 7 to 8 and according to Figures 11 to 12 shown. The projections 21c are provided on the side facing the knob interior 20. Accordingly, on the side of the support plate 2 facing away from the knob interior 20 or the knob bottom 10, depressions are provided which correspond to the projections 21c. It is ultimately understood that a recess 21d is provided on the side of the carrier plate 2 facing the knob interior 20 next to each projection 21c.

In the exemplary embodiments, a plurality of projections 21c is provided on the carrier plate 2.

In the exemplary embodiments it is shown that more than 20, preferably more than 100, projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d are provided. In further embodiments, more than 1000, preferably more than 10,000, projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d are provided.

The Figs. 15-17 show schematically that the projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d, preferably both on the knobbed base 10 and on the carrier plate 2, are arranged irregularly and / or in a disordered manner. The Fig. 15 shows schematically a structured surface of the carrier plate 2, which is produced by irregular and at least partially unequal projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d. In Fig. 16 a structuring of the knobbed base 10 is shown, the surface of the knobbed base 10 ultimately being roughened. Finally shows Fig. 17 schematically, a structured surface of the knobbed base 10 and the carrier plate 2, all of the shown knobbed bases 10 being structured and the structure extending over the entire surface of the carrier plate 2.

The projections 21a, 21c and the recesses 21b, 21d are to this extent schematically in the Figs. 15-18 shown, since the structuring of the knobbed base 10 or the carrier plate 2 can hardly be seen with the naked eye due to the comparatively low height of the projections 21a, 21c and the recesses 21b, 21d of approximately 500 +/- 300 μm.

The roughened surface of the carrier plate 2 and the knobbed base 10 according to FIGS Figs. 15-18 is accordingly shown schematically and preferably extends over the entire area over the knobbed bases 10 and / or the carrier plates 2.

The Figs. 15-18 show schematically that the projections 21a, 21c and the recesses 21b, 21d result in a structured and roughened surface, the projections 21a, 21c and the recesses 21b, 21d being arranged irregularly. In the Figs. 15-17 only knobs 4 with a three-axis knob bottom 10 are shown. It is not shown that the decoupling sheet 1 can have an irregular structuring of the carrier plate 2 and / or the knobbed bases 10 with different knob shapes, such as cylindrical or cuboid knobs 4.

Fig. 18 shows schematically a cross section along the in Fig. 17 decoupling sheet 1 shown. The decoupling sheet 1 is structured irregularly on the knobbed bottom 10 and on the surface of the carrier plate and accordingly has projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d. The recesses 21b on the knobbed floor 10 are arranged on a connecting means 17, the tile adhesive for connecting the tiles 23 to the decoupling sheet 1 or the Carrier plate 2 penetrates into the projections 21c of the carrier plate 2 and / or into the recesses 21b of the knob 4.

The projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d can assume different geometric shapes and structures. Some examples are explained below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. It is ultimately understood here that, according to the invention, different projections 21a, 21c with different structures can ultimately be provided in embodiments that are not shown. In the case of the projections 21c or depressions 21b, it is ultimately crucial that the tile adhesive for connecting the tiles 23 to the decoupling membrane 1 penetrates into the projections 21c or depressions 21b and fills them almost completely. This is based on Fig. 13 clarified.

In the illustrated embodiments, a plurality or plurality of projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d are provided either on the carrier plate 2 or on the knobbed base 10 or on both. The projection 21a on the knobbed bottom 10 is according to FIG Fig. 9 and 11 formed in a spiral and / or arcuate section. This spiral course of the projection 21 a starts from the central region 7 of the knobbed base 10. Not only on the knobbed bottom 10 itself, but also on the leg bottom 22 of a leg 12, 13, a plurality of projections 21a according to FIG Fig. 10 be provided.

Ultimately, the projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d serve to produce a structured surface of the knobbed base 10 and / or the carrier plate 2.

According to Fig. 8 the projections 21c of the carrier plate 2 have a shape designed to form an undercut. In a further embodiment, not shown, it is provided that the projections 21a and / or the depressions 21b of the knobbed base 10 also have a shape for forming an undercut.

Incidentally, in a further embodiment not shown, it is provided that the projections 21a, 21c and / or the depressions 21b, 21d have a height and / or a depth of greater than 1 μm, preferably greater than 100 μm, more preferably between 100 to 1000 μm and in particular between 300 and 500 µm.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that the projections 21a and / or recesses 21b of the knobbed base 10 can also merge directly into the projections 21c and / or recess 21d of the carrier plate 2, the structure and / or shape of the projections 21a, 21c and / in particular. or the depressions 21b, 21d can be interrupted when the carrier plate 2 has a depression due to the knob 4 or when the carrier plate 2 merges into the knob 4. It is also understood that the projections 21a and / or the depressions 21b on the knobbed base 10 interrupt their geometric structure, in particular when the knobbed wall of the knob 4 merges into the projection 21a and / or the recess 21b of the knobbed base 10.

The Fig. 9 shows that arcuate section-shaped projections 21a are provided concentrically to the central region 7 around the center point of the knob 4 or knob base 10 on the leg base 22.

The Fig. 10 shows a further geometric shape of the projections 21a, wherein the projections 21a on the knobbed base 10 are web-like and / or at least substantially rectangular and / or elliptical. The web-like and / or at least essentially rectangular and / or elliptical projections 21a on the knobbed base 10 are shown in FIG Fig. 10 provided transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2.

Additionally clarified Fig. 7 that in the illustrated embodiment a plurality of projections 21c or depressions 21d are present on the carrier plate 2, the projections 21c being arranged in rows running transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2. The Fig. 7 represents web-like and / or rectangular projections 21c on the carrier plate 2 Fig. 7 The elongated projections 21c shown extend with their longitudinal extent exclusively transversely and / or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2. The projections 21c are shown in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 7 arranged alternately in terms of their orientation in a row which runs longitudinally and / or transversely to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2.

The Fig. 8 shows that the projections 21c are rectangular. In an embodiment not shown, the projections 21c of the carrier plate 2 are elliptical. It goes without saying that, ultimately, depressions 21d can also have the geometric shapes of projections 21c.

The Fig. 13 shows a cross-sectional view along the section II-II according to FIG Fig. 11 , whereby it makes clear that the recesses 21b are arranged on the knobbed base 10 on a connecting means 17, the tile adhesive for connecting the tiles 23 to the decoupling sheet 1 or the carrier plate 2 in the projections 21c of the carrier plate 2 and / or in the recesses 21b the knob 4 penetrates.

In addition, a method for producing a decoupling sheet 1 is provided in the illustrated embodiment, the decoupling sheet 1 having a carrier plate 2 and a plurality of knobs 4 protruding from the carrier plate 2, with adjacent knobs 4 transverse to the longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 and in Longitudinal direction 5 of the carrier plate 2 according to Fig. 1 and according to Figures 6 to 12 are provided. It is provided according to the illustrated embodiments that the knobbed bottoms 10 of immediately adjacent knobs 4 are designed to be triaxial and that a plurality of projections 21a and / or depressions 21b is introduced and / or in the side of the knobbed bottom 10 facing the knobbed interior 20 of at least one knob 4 that a plurality of projections 21c and / or depressions 21d is introduced into the side of the carrier plate 2 facing the knob interior 20. The introduced projections 21a, 21c in the knobbed base 10 or in the carrier plate 2 is according to the Figures 7 to 12 clarified. It goes without saying, however, that in further, not shown embodiments, a structure other than the three-axis design of the knobbed bottom 10 of the knob 4 can be selected within the method for producing a decoupling sheet 1.

In an embodiment not shown, it is provided that the projections 21a, 21c and / or depressions 21b, 21d by a laser method, a plasma method, a mechanical method, preferably blasting, in particular by means of sand and / or nutshells, and / or by embossing with and / or after the decoupling sheet 1 has been produced, the projection 21a, 21c and / or the recess 21b, 21d being introduced into the carrier plate 2 or into the knob 4 on the knob bottom 10.

List of reference symbols:

1

Decoupling path

2

Carrier plate

3

Carrier plate level

4th

Knobs

5

Longitudinal direction

6a

Long side nub

6b

Nub on the thigh side

7th

central area

8th

Undercut / molding

9

Protrusion for forming the undercut

10

Studded bottom

11

End area

12

leg

13

short leg

14th

Leg length

15th

Transverse direction

16

Outside knob bottom

17th

Lanyard

18th

Underground

19th

clear distance

20th

Studded interior

21a

Protrusion knob

21b

Dimple nub

21c

Carrier plate projection

21d

Carrier plate recess

22nd

Thigh bottom

23

tile

24

Gap

Claims (9)

1. Decoupling sheet (1) with a carrier plate (2) and a plurality of nubs (4) protruding from the carrier plate plane (3),
   wherein a plurality of projections (21a) and/or recesses (21b) is provided on the side of the nub bottom (10) of at least one nub (4) facing the nub interior (20) and/or that a plurality of projections (21c) and/or recesses (21d) is provided on the side of the carrier plate (2) facing the nub interior (20), in particular wherein the projection (21a) and/or the recess (21b) on the nub bottom (10) and/or the projection (21c) and/or the recess (21d) on the carrier plate (2) have a height and/or a depth greater than 1 µm, preferably greater than 100 µm, more preferably between 100 to 1000 µm and in particular at least substantially between 300 to 500 µm,
   characterized in that,
   more than 20 projections (21a, 21c) and/or recesses (21b, 21d) are provided, wherein the projections (21a, 21c) and/or recesses (21b, 21d) are arranged in an irregular and/or disordered manner.
2. Decoupling sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that more than 100, preferably more than 1000, preferably more than 10.000, projections and/or recesses are provided, wherein the projections and/or recesses are arranged irregularly and/or disorderly both on the nub bottom and on the carrier plate.
3. Decoupling sheet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the projections (21a, 21c) and/or the recesses (21b, 21d) form a structured surface of the nub bottom (10) and/or the carrier plate (2) and/or that the projections (21a, 21c) and/or recesses (21b, 21d) have different shapes and/or structures and/or that at least one projection (21a, 21c) and/or at least one recess (21b, 21d) has at least one, in particular sickle-shaped and/or arcuate section-shaped and/or crescent-shaped, formation for forming an undercut.
4. Decoupling sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nub (4) is of multi-legged design, in particular wherein a plurality of projections (21a) and/or recesses (21b) are provided on the leg base (22) of a leg (12, 13), and/or in that nubs (4) directly adjacent to the carrier plate (2) transversely to the longitudinal direction (5) and in the longitudinal direction (5) of the carrier plate (2) have a three-axis nub bottom (10), in particular with at least three leg sides (6b).
5. Decoupling sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection (21a) and/or recess (21b) on the nub bottom (10) is formed in a spiral and/or arcuate section and/or that a spiral projection (21a) and/or recess (21b) is provided in the central region of the nub bottom (10).
6. Decoupling sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that projections (21a) and/or recesses (21b) in the form of arcuate sections are provided concentrically to the central region (7) and/or around the center point of the nub (4) on the leg base (22) and/or that the projections (21a) and/or recesses (21b) of the nub bottom (10) are formed in a web-like and/or rectangular and/or elliptical manner.
7. Decoupling sheet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that web-like and/or rectangular and/or elliptical projections (21a) and/or recesses (21b) are formed on the nub bottom (10) and are oriented transversely and/or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction (5) of the carrier plate (2) and/or in that a plurality of projections (21c) and/or recesses (21d) are provided on the carrier plate (2) and in that the projections (21a, 21c) and/or recesses (21b, 21d) are arranged in rows running longitudinally and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier plate (2) and/or that the projections (21c) and/or recesses (21d) of the carrier plate (2) are elongated and are aligned with their longitudinal extension exclusively transversely and/or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction (5) of the carrier plate (2) and/or in that projections (21a, 21c) and/or recesses (21b, 21d) that are arranged in rows running transversely and/or longitudinally to the longitudinal direction (5) of the carrier plate (2) are arranged alternately in terms of their orientation.
8. Method for producing a decoupling sheet (1) according to any one of the preceding claims with a carrier plate (2) and a plurality of nubs (4) protruding from the carrier plate plane (3),
   characterized in that,
   a plurality of projections and/or recesses (21) are introduced into the side of the nub bottom (10) of at least one nub (4) facing the nub interior (20) and/or in that a plurality of projections (21c) and/or recesses (21d) are introduced into the side of the carrier plate (2) facing the nub interior (20).
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the projection (21a, 21c) and/or the recess (21b, 21d) is produced by a laser process, a plasma process, a mechanical process, preferably blasting, in particular by means of sand and/or nutshells, and/or by embossing during and/or after the production of the decoupling sheet (1).

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