EP2549026A2 - Procédé de raccordement de pierres taillées - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves placing a bottom layer (2) of bricks (1). A reticulated sheet made of fabric is placed on the bottom layer of bricks so as to cover a cavity of brick. An adhesive e.g. polyurethane adhesive is applied on reticulated sheet in a flowable state, and then adhesive is hardened. An upper layer (3) of bricks is placed on the bottom layer of bricks. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) assembly for manufacturing composite block; and (2) composite block.

Description

The invention relates to a method for joining bricks, the plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity, for the production of a building block, in particular masonry.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a set for creating a modular composite, in particular masonry, of bricks, which have plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity. The invention also relates to a building block, in particular masonry, comprising a plurality of bricks, wherein mutually facing brick surfaces of superposed bricks are connected to each other using said set.

To create walls or walls with bricks, which have plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces, was previously used almost exclusively made with mineral binder mortar. Recently, however, the use of alternative bonding materials, such as organic-based adhesives, has been increasingly considered.

The Austrian patent AT 414333 B describes a method for connecting planar building blocks to form a modular composite, such as bricks for building a wall using a connecting material, wherein an expandable plastic material, in particular PUR foam is used as a connecting material. The expandable plastic material is applied either selectively, along at least one line or surface.

In the case of a flat application of the expandable plastic material, the disadvantage is the high consumption of the material mention. Expandable plastic material, and in particular polyurethane foam adhesive, is associated with significantly higher costs compared to the use of a conventional mortar for joining bricks, so that in principle one endeavors to keep the amount of the polyurethane foam adhesive as low as possible. For a two-dimensional application of the polyurethane adhesive, it must therefore be ensured that the layer thickness is as low as possible. However, the layer thickness can not be reduced arbitrarily, since the connecting surfaces of the bricks are not completely flat in the rule. It is therefore necessary depending on the surface texture of the bricks a certain minimum layer thickness to compensate for surface irregularities.

Although a selective application of the polyurethane adhesive or application along at least one line leads to a lower adhesive consumption, but has the disadvantage that only a small proportion of the available connection surface is utilized for the adhesive bond, so that the stability of the adhesive bond is not optimal in each case is. Furthermore, there is the disadvantage that the bricks are usually designed as hollow bricks, ie with hollow chambers, so that usually already 30 to 60% of the total surface of the brick can not be used for the adhesive bond anyway. In addition, the defined by the cavities formed in the brick cavities from manufacturer to manufacturer is very different, whereby a standardized application of the adhesive in a given line or dot pattern would cause a significant proportion of the applied adhesive only in or on the cavities of the brick. For bricks with cavities, there is also the problem that a subset of the adhesive, which was applied to the arranged between the cavities webs pushed out laterally during subsequent pressing of the upper brick is and enters the cavities and thus can not be used for the bonding process.

The application of polyurethane adhesive is usually made of storage containers in which the adhesive is held under pressure and from which the adhesive can escape upon actuation of the can valve. In order to simplify the application of the adhesive, it is customary to install the usually designed as a tilt valve can valve as a pipe or the like. Formed adapter or to connect the can with a gun applicator.

The invention aims to simplify the application of an adhesive to setting or storage surfaces of a brick and to keep the adhesive consumption low, without the stability of the adhesive bond is impaired, in particular the penetration of adhesive into the cavities of the brick should be avoided ,

1. a) Legen einer ersten Lage von Mauersteinen,
2. b) Auflegen eines netzartigen, bevorzugt von Klebstoff freien Flächengebildes auf die erste Lage von Mauersteinen, sodass zumindest der wenigstens eine Hohlraum vom netzartigen Flächengebilde abgedeckt ist,
3. c) Aufbringen eines Klebstoffes aus einem im fließfähigen Zustand applizierbaren und danach aushärtenden Kunststoffmaterial, insbesondere Polyurethanklebstoff, auf das netzartige Flächengebilde,
4. d) Legen einer zweiten Lage von Mauersteinen auf die erste Lage von Mauersteinen.

To solve this problem, the invention provides the following steps in a method of the type mentioned above:

1. a) laying a first layer of bricks,
2. b) applying a net-like, preferably adhesive-free, fabric to the first layer of bricks so that at least the at least one cavity is covered by the net-like fabric,
3. c) applying an adhesive of a plastic material which can be applied in the free-flowing state and then cured, in particular polyurethane adhesive, to the reticulated fabric,
4. d) Laying a second layer of bricks on the first layer of bricks.

Due to the use of the at least one cavity bridging net-like sheet is according to the invention Effectively prevents the side of the adhesive surfaces of each superimposed bricks escaping adhesive gets into the cavities of the brick. The laterally emerging adhesive is rather collected on the surface of the net-like sheet and distributed on both sides of the adhesive surface, so that selective accumulation of adhesive can be avoided. Depending on the amount of glue exiting laterally between the adhesive surfaces, the distribution of the adhesive may even extend so far that the regions of the reticulated fabric which are located above the at least one cavity are completely covered with adhesive, so that a total of one continuous adhesive layer between two superimposed bricks is formed, creating a so-called. Covering of the cavities is formed. The cavities cover prevents the passage of air between two superimposed bricks, which prevents the circulation of air in the cavities (chimney effect) and improves the insulating properties of the brickwork.

Under a net-like fabric according to the invention, a structure of a plurality of spaced apart and intersecting threads or tapes is understood. The individual threads or ribbons may in this case be arranged in the manner of a woven fabric, or the individual threads or ribbons may also be fused or glued together. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to produce the net-like sheet from a film, wherein by punching a grid of holes of different shape (eg squares or rectangles) a sheet of a plurality of intersecting bands remains. Preferably, the invention provides that the net-like sheet consists of polypropylene or polyethylene or is formed by a paper or felt-like mesh.

In the context of the method according to the invention it is not necessary that the net-like fabric is already provided with an adhesive when placed on the first layer of bricks or is placed on an adhesive layer. Rather, the net-like fabric can be applied directly to the first layer of bricks, wherein the adhesive bond between the superimposed bricks is produced solely on the basis of the adhesive applied in step c). When applying the adhesive to the net-like fabric or when pressing the second layer of bricks, the adhesive is pressed into the spaces between the threads or ribbons of the net-like structure, so that the adhesive layer has a direct connection between the bricks of the first and the bricks of the second Situation produces. The net-like sheet is thus embedded in the underside of the adhesive layer and forms a discontinuity within the adhesive layer. In order that the discontinuity caused by the reticulated fabric does not result in an impermissible weakening of the adhesive bond due to the associated reduction of the available adhesive surface, it is advantageous to minimize the diameter of the filaments or ribbons of the reticulated fabric. It is therefore preferably provided in the context of the invention that the diameter of the threads of the net-like fabric is less than 200 .mu.m, preferably less than 50 .mu.m.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the threads of the reticulated fabric have a round cross-section. As a result, the filaments of the net-like sheet are ideally in contact only with formation of a line contact with the sheet or setting surface of the first layer of bricks, whereby the caused by the net-like sheet Reduction of the adhesive surface can be further optimized.

A further improvement provides that the threads of the reticulated fabric are made of filaments, whereby the permeability of the threads for the adhesive is increased, so that the condition is created that the adhesive also on the first layer of the brick facing side of the net-like Textile penetrates.

In order to prevent the penetration of adhesive into the cavities of the brick particularly effective, it is preferably provided that the ratio of the mesh size of the net-like sheet to the viscosity of the adhesive is chosen so that substantially no adhesive passes into the at least one cavity. The mesh size of the reticulated fabric is in this context preferably 100μm - 2mm. Depending on the adhesive used, the dynamic viscosity can be in a relatively wide range between 0.5 and 10 Pa · s. Within the ranges given, the choice is made such that, for an adhesive having a viscosity at the level of the upper limit of the stated range, a larger mesh size, and in particular a mesh size of 2 mm, is preferred than with a viscosity of the adhesive at the level of the lower limit of the specified area. Thus, the higher the viscosity of the adhesive, the larger the mesh size can be, assuming that the mesh size is approximately linearly dependent on the viscosity of the adhesive. When stacking of bricks with the same defined by the arrangement of the cavities profile the cavities of the bricks come to rest on top of each other, so that when pressing the second layer of bricks between the adhesive surfaces laterally emerging adhesive is exposed to substantially no pressure load, which pass through of the adhesive would cause by the reticulated fabric in the region of the cavities. The vote of the ratio of mesh size to the viscosity of the adhesive can thus be made in a simple manner, without having to take into account unpredictable conditions.

In the context of the method according to the invention, the adhesive is preferably applied in strip form to the reticulated fabric. Preferably, the adhesive is applied in at least two parallel spaced strips. The strips are preferably applied so that they come to rest, at least for the most part, over the webs formed between the cavities of the brick. As a result, the adhesive consumption can be significantly minimized. Alternatively, the adhesive can also be applied over the entire surface of the net-like fabric and / or distributed, which, however, results in a significantly higher adhesive consumption.

In order to keep the time required for applying the reticulated fabric and accordingly the creation of the masonry as low as possible, provides a preferred development that the length of the sheet at least a multiple of the length of the individual bricks corresponds. As a result, the network can be applied to a multiplicity of juxtaposed bricks, in particular bricks, for example over a length of 2 to 5 m.

It is preferably provided that the net-like fabric is cut to such an extent that its width substantially corresponds to the width of the plane-parallel setting or storage surface, so that only a single net must be applied over a corresponding length.

In principle, it is advantageous if the network is used over the entire length of the layer of bricks. There should thus remain no gaps between two longitudinally adjoining networks.

A particularly stable adhesive bond can be achieved if the adhesive consists of a plastic material which can be applied in the flowable state and then cured, in particular polyurethane adhesive. Polyurethane adhesives (PUR) are available as one- or two-component adhesives which can be cured by polycondensation or polyaddition. One-component PUR adhesives cure with the addition of atmospheric moisture. PUR adhesives are known to include diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or the like. Further, isomers, homologs or the like are contained. The advantages of the PUR adhesive consist not only in its ease of processing, but also in its excellent adhesion to various material surfaces. Another advantage is that the adhesive material in the application to a surface of a brick in the pores or recesses (meaning not the production specific hollow chambers) of the brick, in particular hollow brick, penetrate or at least partially cover, whereby the heat conduction can be reduced ,

In the context of the invention, bricks are, for example, bricks, in particular hollow bricks, lightweight concrete bricks or the like.

According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a set for creating a modular composite of the type mentioned above, which can be attached between the mutually facing storage and setting surfaces adhesive from a pourable in the flowable state and then curing plastic material, in particular polyurethane adhesive, for mutual fixing of the individual bricks and a preferably free of adhesive net-like fabric with a certain mesh size, which is the at least one cavity covering laying on a layer of bricks, comprises. For joining two layers of bricks thus only the adhesive and the net-like fabric are required, the set preferably consists of these two components and no further components are required.

The ratio of the mesh size of the reticulated fabric to the viscosity of the adhesive is preferably again selected such that substantially no adhesive passes through the reticulated fabric into the at least one cavity.

In the context of the kit according to the invention, the adhesive is preferably provided in storage containers, in particular cans, in which the adhesive is held under pressure. To simplify the application of the adhesive, it is further preferable to provide an adhesive distribution device which can be brought into contact with the can valve, by means of which the adhesive can be applied simultaneously in at least two, preferably a plurality of, in particular parallel strips.

The net-like sheet is preferably made of a material which is not rotting in the long term, which is non-hygroscopic and which is further resistant to insect feeding. The stated material properties are advantageous, in particular, for the long-term stability of the adhesive bond, since, for example, rotting or erosion by insects would lead to a corresponding reticulated cavity within the adhesive layer or on the underside of the adhesive layer.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a modular composite, in particular masonry proposed, comprising a plurality of bricks, the plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity, facing each other brick surfaces of superimposed bricks under Use of a set according to the invention are connected to each other, wherein the net-like fabric covering the cavity between the upper storage or setting surface of a brick and the adhesive disposed or embedded in the underside of the adhesive.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. In this show Fig. 1 a masonry consisting of a large number of hollow bricks, Fig. 2 a top view of a first layer of hollow bricks, Fig. 3 a view according to Fig. 2 with on-line network, Fig. 4 a view according to Fig. 3 with adhesive applied to the net, Fig. 5 a cross-sectional view of an arrangement according to Fig. 4 after applying the second layer of bricks and Fig. 6 a detailed view of a network.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a brick wall of hollow bricks 1, wherein a first layer of hollow bricks 1 schematically with 2 and a second layer of hollow bricks is schematically designated 3. Between the individual layers of the hollow brick 1, an adhesive bond 4 is in each case provided using a reticulated sheet and an adhesive.

In the plan view according to Fig. 2 It can be seen that the hollow orifice brick has a plurality of cavities 5, between which webs 6 are formed. The Asked by the webs 6 available surface can basically as an adhesive surface be used for the gluing process. Adhesive, which enters the cavities 5, however, can not be used for the adhesive bond.

In Fig. 3 It can be seen that the setting or laying surface of the hollow brick 1 is prepared by placing a network 7 for the gluing process. The mesh 7 extends over the cavities 5 of the hollow brick 1 and thus covers substantially the entire surface of the hollow brick. The width of the net 7 thus substantially corresponds to the width of the hollow brick 1. The length of the net 7 preferably extends over a plurality of adjacent bricks.

As a result, as in Fig. 4 can be seen, applied to the network 7, a plurality of parallel strips 8 of an adhesive, wherein the adhesive comes to rest on the longitudinally extending webs 6 of the hollow brick profile.

In the cross-sectional view according to Fig. 5 the state is shown after placing a tile 1 of the second layer 3 of bricks on the brick 1 of the first layer 2 of bricks. It can be seen that the adhesive is compressed and distributed between the mutually facing surfaces of the webs 6, wherein the adhesive is also pressed into areas above the cavities 5 of the perforated brick. Due to the presence of the network 7, however, a continuous adhesive layer also results in the region above the cavities 5, and in particular it prevents adhesive from falling into the cavities 5.

In Fig. 6 the reticulated fabric 7 used according to the invention is shown in more detail, and it can be seen that the net 7 consists of a plurality of parallel filaments 9 and a plurality of parallel filaments 10 arranged perpendicular thereto consists. The mesh size is defined by the clear width a between the threads 9 and 10.

Although in the context of the invention, only a net-like fabric on the underside of the adhesive is required, it may be advantageous in certain cases, to arrange a reticulated fabric for better distribution and homogenization of the adhesive layer also at the top of the adhesive. The adhesive is then arranged between two net-like fabrics.

Claims (21)

Method for connecting bricks, the plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity, for the production of a building block, in particular masonry, comprising the steps a) laying a first layer of bricks, b) applying a net-like, preferably adhesive-free, fabric to the first layer of bricks so that at least the at least one cavity is covered by the net-like fabric, c) applying an adhesive of a plastic material which can be applied in the free-flowing state and then cured, in particular polyurethane adhesive, to the reticulated fabric, d) Laying a second layer of bricks on the first layer of bricks. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the net-like fabric is cut to such that its width substantially corresponds to the width of the plane-parallel setting or storage area. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the net-like, preferably adhesive-free fabric in step b) is placed directly on the first layer of bricks. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the ratio of mesh size of the net-like sheet to the viscosity of the adhesive is selected so that substantially no adhesive passes into the at least one cavity. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mesh size is 100μm - 2mm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the viscosity of the adhesive is 0.5 - 10 Pa · s. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adhesive is applied in strip form, in particular as at least one strip, preferably in at least two preferably parallel, spaced-apart strips. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the adhesive is applied over the entire surface of the net-like fabric and / or distributed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the net-like fabric consists of polypropylene or polyethylene. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the diameter of the threads of the net-like fabric is less than 200μm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the threads of the net-like fabric have a round cross-section. Set for creating a modular composite, in particular masonry, of bricks, the plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity, comprising an intermediate the facing bearing and setting surfaces attachable adhesive from a usable in the flowable state and then curing plastic material, in particular polyurethane adhesive, for mutual fixing of the individual bricks and a preferably free of adhesive net-like fabric covering the at least one cavity covering laying on a layer of bricks is. Set according to claim 12, characterized in that the ratio of mesh size of the net-like sheet to the viscosity of the adhesive is chosen so that substantially no adhesive passes through the net-like sheet in the at least one cavity. Set according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the mesh size is 100μm - 2mm. Set according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the viscosity of the adhesive is 0.5 - 10 Pa · s. Set according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the adhesive is provided in cans in which the adhesive is held under pressure. Set according to claim 16, characterized in that further provided with the can valve in conjunction adhesive distribution device is provided, by means of which the adhesive in at least two, preferably a plurality of parallel strips can be applied. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the net-like sheet consists of polypropylene or polyethylene. Set according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the diameter of the threads of the net-like fabric is less than 200μm. Set according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the threads of the net-like sheet have a round cross-section. Building block composite, in particular masonry, comprising a plurality of bricks, the plane-parallel storage or setting surfaces and at least one open to the storage or setting surfaces cavity, wherein mutually facing brick surfaces of superimposed bricks using a set according to one of claims 12 to 20 are interconnected, wherein the net-like fabric covering the cavity between the upper bearing or setting surface of a brick and the adhesive disposed or embedded in the underside of the adhesive.

Images