EP3547041A2 - Time-piece comprising a mechanical oscillator - Google Patents
Time-piece comprising a mechanical oscillator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3547041A2 EP3547041A2 EP19165050.6A EP19165050A EP3547041A2 EP 3547041 A2 EP3547041 A2 EP 3547041A2 EP 19165050 A EP19165050 A EP 19165050A EP 3547041 A2 EP3547041 A2 EP 3547041A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balance
- frame
- escape wheel
- spiral spring
- oscillation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/063—Balance construction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/06—Free escapements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/06—Free escapements
- G04B15/08—Lever escapements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
- G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
Definitions
- This invention relates to a sprung-type timepiece with a spiral spring and a balance.
- the invention is particularly suitable for wristwatches but can also be applied to other time measuring mechanisms such as table clocks, wall clocks and other instruments fulfilling the function of timepieces.
- CH 709 277 / EP 3,347,725 describe a revolving escapement, to maintain the oscillation of a monolithic oscillator (inertia elasticity).
- the relaxation is also monolithic.
- the impulse is given by a direct couple. It is the axis of the balance that receives the engine torque directly.
- the trigger releases this engine torque. It is a oscillator on flexible pivot whose little amplitude of operation makes it possible to eliminate the risks of gallop (breaks of teeth of the trigger, with the level of the escape wheel) and thus to solve the principal disadvantage relaxing escapements in a watch.
- EP 1097 408 B1 describes a constant-balance sprung type time indicator with a spiral spring and a balance.
- An oscillation of the balance is maintained through an escapement mobile by moving an attachment point of the spiral spring at the moment of passage to the pulse point of the oscillator, resulting in a circular movement of the point of attachment of the spiral spring around the axis of the oscillator and causing a rotation of the pendulum-spiral-exhaust assembly.
- an end of the spiral spring, the inner end is fixed by a fixing bolt to the mobile exhaust.
- the other end of the spiral spring, the outer end is fixed to the balance.
- the mounting bolt of the spiral spring being secured to the escape wheel, it transmits to the spiral spring the angular movement of which it has just been animated, storing a potential energy in the spiral spring which will initiate the oscillation of the balance.
- the object of this invention is to provide a mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type, comprising a spiral spring, a rocker and an escapement mechanism connected by a point of attachment to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain an oscillation of the balance. which has minimal perturbation on its reference oscillator and the frequency of the oscillator is more stable and the measurement of time more accurate.
- the invention thus relates to a mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type of the aforementioned type, in whichexhaust mechanism is connected to the point of attachment of the spiral spring by a part hereinafter referred to as a frame, the frame being pivoted around the axis of the balance; an outer end of the spiral spring is attached to this frame and the escapement mechanism is also integral with the frame and acts on the rotated frame to rotate and thereby rotate the attached end of the spiral spring.
- the balance is mounted on and coaxial with a fixed ring gear, and the frame carries a satellite wheel which engages with said ring gear and which is driven step by step by the escape wheel.
- the chassis comprises two branches extending on either side of a disk coaxial with the balance and forming a rotating plate whose axis of rotation is coincident (coaxial) with the axis of oscillation of the balance.
- the exhaust mechanism advantageously comprises an exhaust lever pivoting between a rest position engaging with the escape wheel and a release position of the escape wheel.
- this exhaust lever has a short inner arm with an engagement tooth that engages with the escape wheel, and a long outer arm located in the path of a pulse element. integral with the balance, which pulse element during the oscillation of the balance comes to move the exhaust lever from its rest position to its release position.
- the exhaust lever is pivotally mounted to the outer end of an arm that extends, integral and coplanar with the frame, from the axis of the satellite wheel and the escape wheel to the outside and beyond or below the periphery of the pendulum.
- the outer end of the spiral spring is attached to one end of the frame by a pin which extends vertically between the plane of the crosspiece and the plane of the spiral spring, the plane of the spiral spring being disposed between the plane of the crosspiece, or frame, and the pendulum.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, a table clock or a wall clock, comprising a timepiece as described.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce simultaneously the influence of several sources of disturbances resulting from the counting of the number of oscillations of the balance (by reduction of the number of interactions per cycle), the maintenance of its amplitude as well as the influence of the orientation of the oscillator in the gravitational field.
- the invention combines the advantages of a detent escapement with the displacement of the point of attachment of the spring of the reference oscillator and the use of a sun gear acting as a vortex.
- the invention benefits from the principle of the detent escapement.
- the detent escapement is known to have a reduced influence on the regular running of the timepiece compared to other traditional exhausts.
- the invention introduces a variant of the detent escapement which further reduces its influence by eliminating or at least reducing the need for the impulse shock used to maintain the amplitude of oscillation.
- the present invention is a particular application of the family of tourbillon timepieces used in other forms as early as the 18th century.
- the oscillator and the escapement perform a complete rotation in a few tens of seconds in the same plane as the oscillator.
- the oscillator is minimally disturbed. Indeed, the transfer to the escape mechanism of a portion of the energy of the oscillation system necessary for the release of the teeth of the escape wheel influences the operation of the oscillator only once per cycle, which makes it possible to have a lessened disturbance of the oscillator's progress.
- the influence of counting the number of oscillations on a traditional mechanism with anchor escapement induces two disturbances per cycle of the oscillator.
- the displacement of the bolt in place of or in addition to the impetus given by the traditional escapement mechanism ensures a maintenance of the amplitude of oscillation without there being, or at least in reducing the disturbing shock of the operation of the oscillator.
- a weak point of the detent escapement is the risk of a release of a too long duration of the trigger which can then cause the release of several teeth of the escape wheel (gallop).
- the mechanism as described in the present invention avoids this problem because the escape wheel is slowed by the inertia of the chassis and the trigger thus has time to resume its position in time and avoid legalop.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that the oscillator and the escape mechanism make a complete revolution in a few tens of seconds on themselves in the plane of the oscillator thanks to the planetary device, and thus average the negative influences of the imbalance of the pendulum when the plane of oscillation of the pendulum is not perpendicular to the gravitational field.
- the energy transmitted to the oscillator by the displacement of the point of attachment of the spiral is constant and depends on the distance of the displacement of the peak which is constant.
- the energy transmitted to the oscillator for maintaining its amplitude by this displacement no longer depends on the force of the barrel as soon as this force is sufficient to ensure the displacement of the bolt.
- the figure 1 illustrates, by way of example, a mechanical timepiece according to the invention of the sprung-balance type, comprising a spiral spring 10, a rocker 20 and an escapement escapement mechanism 30 connected by a point of attachment to the spring spiral and arranged to maintain an oscillation of the balance.
- the detent escapement mechanism 30 is connected to the point of attachment 12 of the spiral spring 10 by a frame 40 which pivots about the axis A of the balance.
- An outer end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to this frame 40 at a location on one side of the balance axis A, the inner end of the spiral spring 10 being fixed towards the center of the balance 20.
- the mechanism Expansion escapement 30 is located on the other side of the pendulum axis A and acts on the pivoting frame 40 to rotate it about the axis A and thus rotate about the axis A attached end 12 of the spiral spring 10.
- the rocker 20 is mounted on, and coaxial with, a fixed ring gear 22 having an internal toothing 46, and the frame 40 carries, on the other side of the balance axis A, a satellite gear 42 which engages with said ring gear. 22 and which is driven step-by-step by the escapement escapement mechanism 30.
- the frame 40 has several branches extending on either side of the axis of rotation of the balance 20 at an angle of about 120 °.
- the frame 40 forms a turntable whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation A of the balance 20.
- the timepiece according to the invention comprises an escape wheel 32 coaxial and integral with the satellite pinion 42.
- the exhaust escapement mechanism 30 comprises an exhaust body 39 pivoting between a rest position engaging with the escape wheel 32 and a release position of the exhaust wheel 32.
- This exhaust body rotated 39 comprises a short inner arm with a rest plane 37 which engages with the escape wheel 32, and a stop 38 located in the trajectory of a pulse pin 24 secured in oscillation with the balance 20 , which impulse pin 24 during the oscillation of the rocker 20 moves the exhaust lever 36/37/38/39 from its rest position to its disengaged position.
- the exhaust body 39 is pivotally mounted at one of the outer ends of the frame 40.
- the outer end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to one end of the frame 40 by a pin 14 which extends vertically between the plane of the frame 40 and the plane of the spiral spring 10.
- the figure 1 illustrates the timepiece in its position where the impulse pin 24 advancing (oscillation of the pendulum 20 in the opposite direction of the clockwise in the drawing) leaves the body 'exhaust 39 in its rest position with the plane resting 37 in engagement against the escape wheel 32 to lock it and the planet pinion 42. Then the balance 20 continues its oscillation in this direction, then reverses its direction of oscillation.
- the pulse pin 24, swinging in the clockwise direction strikes the end of the stop of the flexible blade 38, the exhaust body 39 moves and releases the tooth 37 from engagement with the escape wheel 32 which is free to rotate and the planet pinion 42 rotates with the escape wheel 32 and moves the chassis 40.
- the pulse pin 24 at the passage in front of the trigger, flexed the flexible expansion blade 36 and passes the end of the stop of the flexible flashing blade 38 without disengage the escape wheel 32, arriving at the illustrated starting position, and so on.
- the concept described is based on a traditional balance-balance oscillator.
- the entire mechanism is based on the chassis 40 whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of the balance 20.
- the planet pinion 42 engages with the planetary ring 22.
- the expansion exhaust 30, the wheel of Exhaust 32, the satellite wheel 42, the bracket 14 of the spring spiral spring 10 are all adjacent to the satellite chassis.
- the planet pinion 42 and the escape wheel 32 are integral.
- the planet ring 22 is fixed (does not oscillate, does not rotate). A rotation torque is exerted on the chassis pinion 45 ( figure 2 ). This torque tends to rotate the planet gear 42 and thus the chassis.
- the planet pinion 42 is retained in its rotation by the blocking of the escape wheel 32 by the expansion mechanism 30.
- the rotation of the escape wheel 32 is possible only once per oscillation cycle of the balance wheel 20 when it releases the trigger mechanism 30.
- the planet carrier plate can rotate whose amplitude depends on the ratio of the number of teeth of the different wheels. This rotation will cause a displacement of the peak 14 to ensure or contribute to maintaining the amplitude of oscillation of the balance 29.
- the trigger mechanism therefore does not necessarily act on the balance 20 to maintain its amplitude of oscillation by an action as in the case of a traditional expansion escapement.
- the arm comprising the rest plane 37, pushed by the escape wheel 32 can be extended so that the detent mechanism also acts on the impulse pin.
- the energy transmitted to the balance to maintain its amplitude is then distributed between the displacement of the peak and the pulse of the extended arm of the trigger.
- the chassis pinion 45 ( figure 2 ) also makes a rotation which counts the number of oscillation cycles performed by the balance 20.
- the angle of rotation of the planet carrier can be calculated to ensure an optimum amplitude of the rotation angle of the balance 20 in steady state.
- a wheel train links a cylinder (not shown) which provides the torque on the planet pinion 42 by the chassis pinion 45 and the ratio of the wheel teeth, it is possible to obtain an appropriate rotation speed for each of 'between them to display, for example, hour, minute and second or other measures of time.
- the figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of a mechanical timepiece according to the invention of the sprung-balance type, comprising a spiral spring 10, a rocker 20 and a trigger escapement mechanism 30 connected by a point of attachment to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain oscillation of the balance.
- the escapement escapement mechanism 30 is connected to the point of attachment 12 of the spiral spring 10 by a transverse piece 40 which pivots about the axis A of the balance.
- An outer end 12 of the spiral spring 10 is attached to this crosspiece 40 at a location on one side of the balance axis A, the inner end of the spiral spring 10 being fixed towards the center of the balance 20.
- the mechanism Exhaust exhaust 30 is located on the other side of the balance axis A and acts on the pivoting crosspiece 40 to rotate it about the axis A and thus rotate about the axis A the attached end 12 of the spiral spring 10.
- the rocker 20 is mounted on, and coaxial with, a stationary gear 22 having an external toothing, and the transverse piece 40 carries, on the other side of the balance axis A, a satellite gear 42 which engages with said crown. 22 and which is driven step-by-step by the escapement escapement mechanism 30.
- the crosspiece 40 has two branches extending on either side of a disc 44 coaxial with the balance 20.
- This disc 44 forms with the transverse part 40 a frame or a turntable whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of rotation of the balance 20.
- the timepiece according to the invention comprises an escape wheel 32 which is coaxial and integral with the satellite wheel 42.
- the detent escapement mobile could be replaced by another exhaust device.
- the timepiece has two types of impulse.
- a first type of pulse occurs when the oscillation amplitude of the balance is low. It is a direct impulse of a tooth of the escape wheel 52 which acts on an additional pin 48.
- the inertia of the mobile escape wheel added to the inertia of the mobile frame as well as the engine torque are chosen such that this type of pulse occurs only when the speed of passage of the balance is relatively low, or when the amplitude of said balance is low.
- the escape wheel can no longer catch the pendulum during its acceleration phase and no longer comes into contact with the additional dowel 48. thus more shock disrupting the oscillation frequency of the balance.
- the escape wheel has a clearance plane 50 on its teeth interacting with the short arm of the trigger.
- This release plan prevents a quick return of the trigger after release. Indeed, during the passage of the rocker in the direction of the release of the trigger, the balance pivots the trigger through his ankle, the spout of the tooth of the escape wheel leaves the rest plane of the trigger it arrives on the inclined plane 54 of the trigger and rotates the latter so as to let the balance.
- the latter being of much lower inertia than the pendulum, it tends to return to its initial position too quickly with the risk of interacting again with the peg of the pendulum. There is thus a risk of multiple contacts between the long arm of the trigger and the rocker arm which is not desirable.
- the escape wheel is provided with a disengagement plane 50, provided so that the trigger is maintained in its passing position, the time that the balance is released.
- the release of the balance is guaranteed by the interaction between a tooth of the escape wheel 52 and the additional peg 48 whose angle it forms with the rocker peg has been established for this purpose.
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Abstract
Un garde-temps mécanique du type balancier-spiral, comporte un ressort spiral (10), un balancier (20) et un mécanisme d'échappement (30) relié par un point d'attache (12) au ressort spiral et agencé pour entretenir une oscillation du balancier. Le mécanisme d'échappement (30) est relié au point d'attache (12) du ressort spiral par un châssis (40) pivoté autour de l'axe (A) du balancier. Une extrémité externe (12) du ressort spiral (10) est attachée à cette pièce transversale (40) à un endroit situé d'un côté de l'axe (A) de balancier. Le châssis (40) comporte deux branches s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'axe du balancier (20) et formant un plateau tournant dont l'axe de rotation est confondu avec l'axe d'oscillation du balancier (20). Le mécanisme d'échappement (30) est situé d'un autre côté de l'axe (A) de balancier et agit sur le châssis pivoté pour libérer sa rotation et ainsi faire tourner l'extrémité attachée (12) du ressort spiral.A mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type, comprises a spiral spring (10), a rocker (20) and an escapement mechanism (30) connected by an attachment point (12) to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain an oscillation of the pendulum. The exhaust mechanism (30) is connected to the point of attachment (12) of the spiral spring by a frame (40) pivoted about the axis (A) of the balance. An outer end (12) of the spiral spring (10) is attached to this cross member (40) at a location on one side of the balance shaft (A). The frame (40) comprises two branches extending on either side of the axis of the balance (20) and forming a rotating plate whose axis of rotation coincides with the axis of oscillation of the balance (20). ). The exhaust mechanism (30) is located on another side of the balance shaft (A) and acts on the pivoted frame to release its rotation and thereby rotate the attached end (12) of the spiral spring.
Description
Cette invention concerne un garde-temps de type balancier-spiral avec un ressort spiral et un balancier. L'invention est particulièrement adaptée aux montres bracelets mais peut également s'appliquer à d'autres mécanismes de mesure du temps tels les pendules de table, les pendules murales et d'autres instruments remplissant la fonction de garde-temps.This invention relates to a sprung-type timepiece with a spiral spring and a balance. The invention is particularly suitable for wristwatches but can also be applied to other time measuring mechanisms such as table clocks, wall clocks and other instruments fulfilling the function of timepieces.
Le but de cette invention est de fournir un garde-temps mécanique du type balancier-spiral, comportant un ressort spiral, un balancier et un mécanisme d'échappement relié par un point d'attache au ressort spiral et agencé pour entretenir une oscillation du balancier, lequel a une perturbation minimale sur son oscillateur de référence et la fréquence de l'oscillateur est plus stable et la mesure du temps plus précise.The object of this invention is to provide a mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type, comprising a spiral spring, a rocker and an escapement mechanism connected by a point of attachment to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain an oscillation of the balance. which has minimal perturbation on its reference oscillator and the frequency of the oscillator is more stable and the measurement of time more accurate.
L'invention a ainsi pour objet un garde-temps mécanique du type balancier-spiral du type précité, dans lequelle mécanisme d'échappement est relié au point d'attache du ressort spiral par une pièce ci-après dénommée châssis, le châssis étantpivoté autour de l'axe du balancier ; une extrémité externe du ressort spiral est attachée à ce châssis et le mécanisme d'échappement est également solidaire du châssis et agit sur le châssis pivotée pour le faire tourner et ainsi faire tourner l'extrémité attachée du ressort spiral.The invention thus relates to a mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type of the aforementioned type, in whichexhaust mechanism is connected to the point of attachment of the spiral spring by a part hereinafter referred to as a frame, the frame being pivoted around the axis of the balance; an outer end of the spiral spring is attached to this frame and the escapement mechanism is also integral with the frame and acts on the rotated frame to rotate and thereby rotate the attached end of the spiral spring.
Le balancier est monté sur, et coaxiale avec, une couronne dentée fixe, et le châssis porte une roue satellitaire qui s'engage avec ladite couronne dentée et qui est entrainée pas-à-pas par le mobile d'échappement.The balance is mounted on and coaxial with a fixed ring gear, and the frame carries a satellite wheel which engages with said ring gear and which is driven step by step by the escape wheel.
Typiquement, le châssis comporte deux branches s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un disque coaxial avec le balancier et formant un plateau tournant dont l'axe de rotation est confondu (coaxial) avec l'axe d'oscillation du balancier.Typically, the chassis comprises two branches extending on either side of a disk coaxial with the balance and forming a rotating plate whose axis of rotation is coincident (coaxial) with the axis of oscillation of the balance.
Le mécanisme d'échappement comporte avantageusement un levier d'échappement pivotant entre une position de repos s'engageant avec la roue d'échappement et une position de dégagement de la roue d'échappement. Dans une exécution, ce levier d'échappement comporte un bras interne court doté d'une dent d'engagement qui vient s'engager avec la roue d'échappement, et un bras externe long situé dans la trajectoire d'un élément d'impulsion solidaire avec le balancier, lequel élément d'impulsion lors de l'oscillation du balancier vient déplacer le levier d'échappement de sa position de repos vers sa position de dégagement.The exhaust mechanism advantageously comprises an exhaust lever pivoting between a rest position engaging with the escape wheel and a release position of the escape wheel. In one embodiment, this exhaust lever has a short inner arm with an engagement tooth that engages with the escape wheel, and a long outer arm located in the path of a pulse element. integral with the balance, which pulse element during the oscillation of the balance comes to move the exhaust lever from its rest position to its release position.
Dans une exécution, le levier d'échappement est monté pivotant à l'extrémité externe d'un bras qui s'étend, solidaire et coplanaire avec le châssis, depuis l'axe de la roue satellitaire et de la roue d'échappement vers l'extérieur et au-delà ou en deçà de la périphérie du balancier.In one embodiment, the exhaust lever is pivotally mounted to the outer end of an arm that extends, integral and coplanar with the frame, from the axis of the satellite wheel and the escape wheel to the outside and beyond or below the periphery of the pendulum.
Usuellement, l'extrémité externe du ressort spiral est attachée à une extrémité du châssis par un piton qui s'étend verticalement entre le plan de la pièce transversale et le plan du ressort spiral, le plan du ressort spiral étant disposé entre le plan de la pièce transversale,ou châssis,et le balancier.Usually, the outer end of the spiral spring is attached to one end of the frame by a pin which extends vertically between the plane of the crosspiece and the plane of the spiral spring, the plane of the spiral spring being disposed between the plane of the crosspiece, or frame, and the pendulum.
L'invention concerne aussi une pièce d'horlogerie, comme une montre-bracelet, une pendule de table ou une pendule murale, comportant un garde-temps tel que décrit.The invention also relates to a timepiece, such as a wristwatch, a table clock or a wall clock, comprising a timepiece as described.
L'invention permet de réduire simultanément l'influence de plusieurs sources de perturbations provenant du comptage du nombre d'oscillationsdu balancier (par réduction du nombre d'interactions par cycle), du maintien de son amplitude ainsi que de l'influence de l'orientation de l'oscillateur dans le champ gravitationnel. L'invention cumuleles avantages d'un échappement à détente avec le déplacement du point d'attache du ressort de l'oscillateur de référence et l'utilisation d'un planétaire faisant office de tourbillon.The invention makes it possible to reduce simultaneously the influence of several sources of disturbances resulting from the counting of the number of oscillations of the balance (by reduction of the number of interactions per cycle), the maintenance of its amplitude as well as the influence of the orientation of the oscillator in the gravitational field. The invention combines the advantages of a detent escapement with the displacement of the point of attachment of the spring of the reference oscillator and the use of a sun gear acting as a vortex.
L'invention tire bénéfice du principe de l'échappement à détente. L'échappement à détente est réputé pour avoir une influence réduite sur la marche régulière du garde-temps par rapport à d'autres échappements traditionnels. L'invention introduit une variante de l'échappement à détente qui permet de réduire encore son influence en éliminant ou tout au moins en réduisant la nécessité du choc d'impulsion utilisé pour le maintien de l'amplitude d'oscillation.The invention benefits from the principle of the detent escapement. The detent escapement is known to have a reduced influence on the regular running of the timepiece compared to other traditional exhausts. The invention introduces a variant of the detent escapement which further reduces its influence by eliminating or at least reducing the need for the impulse shock used to maintain the amplitude of oscillation.
Tout ou partie du maintien de l'amplitude d'oscillation de l'oscillateur est obtenu par le déplacement du point de fixation de son organe de rappel (le piton du spiral dans le cas d'un balancier traditionnel).All or part of the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator is maintained by the displacement of the point of attachment of its return member (the peak of the spiral in the case of a traditional balance).
La présente invention est une application particulière de la famille des garde-temps à tourbillons utiliséssous d'autres formes dès le XVIII siècle. L'oscillateur ainsi que l'échappement exécute une rotation complète en quelques dizaines de secondes dans le même plan que l'oscillateur.The present invention is a particular application of the family of tourbillon timepieces used in other forms as early as the 18th century. The oscillator and the escapement perform a complete rotation in a few tens of seconds in the same plane as the oscillator.
Grâce à la présente invention, l'oscillateur est perturbé de manière minimale. En effet, le transfert au mécanisme d'échappement d'une partie de l'énergie du système d'oscillation nécessaire au dégagement des dents de la roue d'échappement n'influence la marche de l'oscillateur qu'une fois par cycle, ce qui permet d'avoir une perturbation amoindrie de la marche de l'oscillateur. L'influence du comptage du nombre d'oscillations sur un mécanisme traditionnel avec échappement à ancre induit deux perturbations par cycle de l'oscillateur.Thanks to the present invention, the oscillator is minimally disturbed. Indeed, the transfer to the escape mechanism of a portion of the energy of the oscillation system necessary for the release of the teeth of the escape wheel influences the operation of the oscillator only once per cycle, which makes it possible to have a lessened disturbance of the oscillator's progress. The influence of counting the number of oscillations on a traditional mechanism with anchor escapement induces two disturbances per cycle of the oscillator.
Par ailleurs, le déplacement du piton en lieu et place ou en complément avec l'impulsion donnée par le mécanisme d'échappements traditionnels assure un maintien de l'amplitude d'oscillation sans qu'il n'y ait, ou tout au moins en réduisantle choc perturbateur de la marche de l'oscillateur.Moreover, the displacement of the bolt in place of or in addition to the impetus given by the traditional escapement mechanism ensures a maintenance of the amplitude of oscillation without there being, or at least in reducing the disturbing shock of the operation of the oscillator.
Un point faible de l'échappement à détente est le risque d'un dégagement d'une durée trop longue de la détente qui peut alors provoquer la libération de plusieurs dents de la roue d'échappement (galop). Le mécanisme tel que décrit dans la présente invention évite ce problème car la roue d'échappement est ralentie par l'inertie du châssis et la détente a ainsi le temps de reprendre sa position à temps et éviter legalop.A weak point of the detent escapement is the risk of a release of a too long duration of the trigger which can then cause the release of several teeth of the escape wheel (gallop). The mechanism as described in the present invention avoids this problem because the escape wheel is slowed by the inertia of the chassis and the trigger thus has time to resume its position in time and avoid legalop.
Un autre avantage de la présente invention est que l'oscillateur et le mécanisme d'échappement font une révolution complète en quelques dizaines de secondes sur eux-mêmes dans le plan de l'oscillateur grâce au dispositif planétaire, et ainsi moyenne les influences négatives du balourd du balancier lorsque le plan d'oscillation du balancier n'est pas perpendiculaire au champ gravitationnel.Another advantage of the present invention is that the oscillator and the escape mechanism make a complete revolution in a few tens of seconds on themselves in the plane of the oscillator thanks to the planetary device, and thus average the negative influences of the imbalance of the pendulum when the plane of oscillation of the pendulum is not perpendicular to the gravitational field.
L'énergie transmise à l'oscillateur par le déplacement du point d'attache du spiral est constante et dépend de la distance du déplacement du piton qui est constante. L'énergie transmise à l'oscillateur pour le maintien de son amplitude par ce déplacement ne dépend plus de la force du barillet dès que cette force est suffisante pour assurer le déplacement du piton.The energy transmitted to the oscillator by the displacement of the point of attachment of the spiral is constant and depends on the distance of the displacement of the peak which is constant. The energy transmitted to the oscillator for maintaining its amplitude by this displacement no longer depends on the force of the barrel as soon as this force is sufficient to ensure the displacement of the bolt.
Par ailleurs, avec un choix spécifique du rapport du train d'engrenage du plantaire, il est possible d'assurer une amplitude constante de l'oscillation et ainsi, d'optimiser ses propriétés par le choix de l'amplitude d'oscillation (par exemple 220°).Moreover, with a specific choice of the gear ratio of the plantar gear, it is possible to ensure a constant amplitude of the oscillation and thus, to optimize its properties by the choice of the amplitude of oscillation (by example 220 °).
Les caractéristiques de l'invention apparaitront plus clairement à la lecture de la description de plusieurs formes d'exécution données uniquement à titre d'exemple, nullement limitative en se référant aux figures suivantes dans lesquelles :
- La
figure 1 représente une vue en perspective partielle d'un garde-temps selon la présente invention avec le ressort-spiral partiellement découpé ; - La
figure 2 représente une vue arrière de lafigure 1 ; - La
figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'un autre garde-temps selon l'invention ; et - Les
figures 4 et 5 représentent respectivement une vue en perspective et une vue de dessus d'un garde-temps selon l'invention dont les dents de la roue d'échappement comportent un plan incliné et un plan de dégagement.
- The
figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a timepiece according to the present invention with the partially cut-away coil spring; - The
figure 2 represents a rear view of thefigure 1 ; - The
figure 3 represents a perspective view of another timepiece according to the invention; and - The
Figures 4 and 5 represent respectively a perspective view and a top view of a timepiece according to the invention, the teeth of the escape wheel comprise an inclined plane and a disengagement plane.
La
Comme illustré,le mécanisme d'échappement à détente 30 est relié au point d'attache 12 du ressort spiral 10 par un châssis 40 qui pivote autour de l'axe A du balancier. Une extrémité 12 externe du ressort spiral 10 est attachée à ce châssis 40 à un endroit situé d'un côté de l'axe A de balancier, l'extrémité interne du ressort spiral 10 étant fixée vers le centre du balancier 20. Le mécanisme d'échappement à détente 30 est situé de l'autre côté de l'axe A de balancier et agit sur le châssis pivotant 40 pour le faire tourner autour de l'axe A et ainsi faire tourner autour de l'axe A l'extrémité attachée 12 du ressort spiral 10.As illustrated, the
Le balancier 20 est monté sur, et coaxiale avec, une couronne dentée fixe 22 comportant une denture interne 46, et le châssis 40 porte, audit autre côté de l'axe A de balancier, un pignon satellitaire 42 qui s'engage avec ladite couronne dentée 22 et qui est entrainé pas-à-pas par le mécanisme d'échappement à détente 30.The
Le châssis 40 comporte plusieurs branches s'étendant de part et d'autre de l'axe de rotation du balancier 20 à un angle d'environ 120°. Le châssis 40 forme un plateau tournant dont l'axe de rotation est confondu avec l'axe de rotation A du balancier 20.The
Le garde-temps selon l'invention comporte une roue d'échappement 32 coaxiale et solidaire avec le pignon satellitaire 42.The timepiece according to the invention comprises an
Le mécanisme d'échappement à détente 30 comporte un corps d'échappement 39 pivotant entre une position de repos s'engageant avec la roue d'échappement 32 et une position de dégagement de la roue d'échappement 32. Ce corps d'échappement pivoté 39 comporte un bras interne court doté d'un plan de repos 37 qui vient s'engager avec la roue d'échappement 32, et une butée 38 situé dans la trajectoire d'une cheville d'impulsion 24 solidaire en oscillation avec le balancier 20, laquelle cheville d'impulsion 24 lors de l'oscillation du balancier 20 vient déplacer le levier d'échappement 36/37/38/39 de sa position de repos vers sa position de dégagement.The
Le corps d'échappement 39 est monté pivotant à l'une des extrémités externes du châssis40.The
Comme illustré, l'extrémité externe 12 du ressort spiral 10 est attachée à une extrémité du châssis 40 par un piton 14 qui s'étend verticalement entre le plan du châssis 40 et le plan du ressort spiral 10.As illustrated, the
La
Le concept décrit se base sur un oscillateur balancier-spiral traditionnel. L'ensemble du mécanisme repose sur le châssis 40 dont l'axe de rotation est confondu avec l'axe de rotation du balancier 20. Le pignon satellite 42 engraine avec la couronne planétaire 22. L'échappement à détente 30, la roue d'échappement 32, la roue satellite 42, le support du piton 14 du ressort spiral 10 sont tous attenants au châssis satellitaire. Le pignon satellite 42 et la roue d'échappement 32 sont solidaires.The concept described is based on a traditional balance-balance oscillator. The entire mechanism is based on the
La couronne planétaire 22 est fixe (n'oscille pas, ne tourne pas). Un couple de rotation est exercé sur le pignon de châssis 45 (
L'angle de rotation du plateau porte-satellite peut être calculé pour assurer une amplitude optimum de l'angle de rotation du balancier 20 en régime régulier.The angle of rotation of the planet carrier can be calculated to ensure an optimum amplitude of the rotation angle of the
Un train de roues lie un barillet (non illustré) qui assure le couple sur le pignon satellite 42 par le pignon de châssis 45 et de par le rapport des dents des roues, il est possible d'obtenir une vitesse de rotation adéquate pour chacune d'entre-elles afin d'afficher, par exemple, heure, minute et seconde ou d'autres mesures du temps.A wheel train links a cylinder (not shown) which provides the torque on the
La
Comme illustré à la
Le balancier 20 est monté sur, et coaxiale avec, une roue dentée fixe 22 comportant une denture externe, et la pièce transversale 40 porte, audit autre côté de l'axe A de balancier, un pignon satellitaire 42 qui s'engage avec ladite couronne dentée 22 et qui est entrainé pas-à-pas par le mécanisme d'échappement à détente 30.The
La pièce transversale 40 comporte deux branches s'étendant de part et d'autre d'un disque 44 coaxiale avec le balancier 20. Ce disque 44 forme avec la pièce transversale 40 un châssis ou un plateau tournant dont l'axe de rotation est confondu avec l'axe de rotation du balancier 20.The
Le garde-temps selon l'invention comporte une roue d'échappement 32 coaxiale et solidaire avec la roue satellitaire 42. Dans une variante, le mobile d'échappement à détente pourrait être remplacé par un autre dispositif d'échappement.The timepiece according to the invention comprises an
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré aux
Dans une deuxième phase, où les impulsions directes n'ont plus lieu, seules les impulsions par déplacement du point d'attache du piton au châssis ont lieu. Ce type d'impulsion se produit quelle que soit l'amplitude des oscillations du balancier. Potentiellement, ce type d'impulsion perturbe nettement moins la fréquence d'oscillation du balancier que le choc direct.In a second phase, where the direct pulses no longer take place, only the pulses by moving the point of attachment of the piton to the chassis take place. This type of pulse occurs regardless of the amplitude of the pendulum oscillations. Potentially, this type of impulse significantly less disturbs the oscillation frequency of the pendulum than the direct impact.
De plus, la roue d'échappement possède un plan de dégagement 50 sur ses dents interagissant avec le bras court de la détente. Ce plan de dégagement empêche un retour trop rapide de la détente après sa libération. En effet, lors du passage du balancier dans le sens du dégagement de la détente, le balancier fait pivoter la détente par l'entremise de sa cheville, le bec de la dent de la roue d'échappement quitte le plan de repos de la détente, il arrive sur le plan incliné 54 de la détente et fait pivoter celle-ci de manière à laisser passer le balancier. Cependant, cette dernière étant d'une inertie beaucoup plus faible que le balancier, elle tend à revenir à sa position initiale trop vite avec le risque d'interagir à nouveau avec la cheville du balancier. Il y a ainsi un risque de contacts multiples entre le bras long de la détente et la cheville du balancier ce qui n'est pas souhaitable.In addition, the escape wheel has a
Ainsi, afin de prévenir des contacts multiples, la roue d'échappement est pourvue d'un plan de dégagement 50, prévu afin que la détente soit maintenue dans sa position passante, le temps que le balancier soit dégagé. Le dégagement du balancier est garanti par l'interaction entre une dent de la roue d'échappement 52 et la cheville additionnelle 48 dont l'angle qu'elle forme avec la cheville de balancier a été établi à cette fin.Thus, to prevent multiple contacts, the escape wheel is provided with a
Légende
- 10
- ressort spiral
- 12
- point d'attache / extrémité externe du ressort spiral
- 14
- piton
- 20
- balancier
- 22
- couronne ou roue dentée fixe
- 24
- chevilled'impulsion
- 30
- mécanisme d'échappement
- 32
- roue d'échappement
- 36
- lame flexible de détente
- 37
- plan de repos de la détente
- 38
- butée de la lame flexible de détente
- 39
- corps de détente
- 40
- pièce transversale dénommée châssis
- 42
- pignon satellite
- 44
- disque
- 45
- pignon de châssis
- 46
- denture interne
- 48
- cheville additionnelle
- 50
- plan de dégagement
- 52
- dent de la roue d'échappement
- 54
- plan incliné
- 10
- spiral spring
- 12
- attachment point / outer end of the spiral spring
- 14
- piton
- 20
- pendulum
- 22
- crown or fixed gear
- 24
- chevilled'impulsion
- 30
- exhaust mechanism
- 32
- escape wheel
- 36
- flexible blade of relaxation
- 37
- relaxation rest plan
- 38
- stop of the flexible blade of relaxation
- 39
- relaxing body
- 40
- transverse part called chassis
- 42
- satellite gear
- 44
- disk
- 45
- chassis sprocket
- 46
- internal teeth
- 48
- additional ankle
- 50
- clearance plan
- 52
- tooth of the escape wheel
- 54
- inclined plane
Claims (13)
le mécanisme d'échappement (30) est situé de l'autre côté de l'axe (A) du balancier et agit sur le châssis (40) pivoté pour le faire tourner et ainsi faire tourner l'extrémité attachée (12) du ressort spiral,
dans lequel le balancier (20) est monté sur, et coaxial avec, une couronne dentée fixe (22), et le châssis (40) porte, au dit autre côté de l'axe (A) de balancier, une roue satellitaire (42) qui s'engage avec ladite couronne dentée (22) et qui est entrainé pas-à-pas par le mécanisme d'échappement (30),
le garde-temps comportant une roue d'échappement (32) coaxiale et solidaire avec la roue satellitaire (42), et un levier d'échappement (36, 37, 38, 39) à détente pivotant entre une position de repos s'engageant avec la roue d'échappement (32) et une position de dégagement de la roue d'échappement (32), et
dans lequel l'extrémité externe (12) du ressort spiral est attachée au châssis (40) par un piton (14) qui s'étend verticalement entre le plan du châssis (40) et le plan du ressort spiral (10), le plan du ressort spiral (10) étant disposé entre le plan du châssis (40) et le balancier (20).Mechanical timepiece of the sprung-balance type, comprising a spiral spring (10), a rocker (20) and an escapement mechanism (30) connected by an attachment point (12) to the spiral spring and arranged to maintain a oscillation of the balance, where the exhaust mechanism (30) is connected to the point of attachment (12) of the spiral spring by a part hereinafter called frame (40) pivoted about the axis (A) of the balance, a outer end (12) of the spiral spring (10) is attached to this frame (40) at a location on one side of the balance axis (A), and
the exhaust mechanism (30) is located on the other side of the axis (A) of the balance and acts on the frame (40) rotated to rotate it and thereby rotate the attached end (12) of the spring spiral,
wherein the balance (20) is mounted on and coaxial with a fixed ring gear (22), and the frame (40) carries, at said other side of the balance shaft (A), a satellite wheel (42). ) which engages with said ring gear (22) and which is driven step by step by the exhaust mechanism (30),
the timepiece comprising an escape wheel (32) coaxial and integral with the satellite wheel (42), and an exhaust lever (36, 37, 38, 39) pivotally detent between a rest position engaging with the escape wheel (32) and a release position of the escape wheel (32), and
wherein the outer end (12) of the spiral spring is attached to the frame (40) by a stud (14) which extends vertically between the plane of the frame (40) and the plane of the spiral spring (10), the plane spiral spring (10) being disposed between the plane of the frame (40) and the rocker (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00407/18A CH714839A1 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2018-03-27 | Timepiece comprising a mechanical oscillator. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3547041A2 true EP3547041A2 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
EP3547041A3 EP3547041A3 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
EP3547041B1 EP3547041B1 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
Family
ID=65991540
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19165050.6A Active EP3547041B1 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2019-03-25 | Time-piece comprising a mechanical oscillator |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11435697B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3547041B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH714839A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4099100A1 (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-07 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Timepiece movement provided with an oscillator comprising a piezoelectric hairspring |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1103871A1 (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2001-05-30 | Creaholic S.A. | Mechanically regulated time indicator |
AU2000222749A1 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-20 | Wacht-U-License Ag | Mechanically regulated time indicator |
ATE443283T1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2009-10-15 | Watch U Licence Ag | DOUBLE-SIDED TOURBILLON |
CH711928A2 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-30 | Montres Breguet Sa | Coupled clock oscillators. |
-
2018
- 2018-03-27 CH CH00407/18A patent/CH714839A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2019
- 2019-03-25 US US16/363,287 patent/US11435697B2/en active Active
- 2019-03-25 EP EP19165050.6A patent/EP3547041B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11435697B2 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
EP3547041B1 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
EP3547041A3 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
US20190324399A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
CH714839A1 (en) | 2019-09-30 |
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