EP3546541A1 - Abdichtungsmembran mit einer funktionsschicht - Google Patents

Abdichtungsmembran mit einer funktionsschicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3546541A1
EP3546541A1 EP18164382.6A EP18164382A EP3546541A1 EP 3546541 A1 EP3546541 A1 EP 3546541A1 EP 18164382 A EP18164382 A EP 18164382A EP 3546541 A1 EP3546541 A1 EP 3546541A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
silane
waterproofing membrane
moisture curing
composition
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EP18164382.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthias GÖSSI
Klaas Mennecke
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Sika Technology AG
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Sika Technology AG
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Priority to EP18164382.6A priority Critical patent/EP3546541A1/de
Publication of EP3546541A1 publication Critical patent/EP3546541A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/06—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to waterproofing membranes for use in the construction industry, for example for basements, roofing and tunneling applications to protect structures against water penetration.
  • Waterproofing membranes are commonly used in the construction industry for sealing bases, underground surfaces or buildings against water penetration.
  • State-of-the-art waterproofing membranes are typically multilayer systems comprising a polymer-based barrier layer as the principal layer to provide watertightness.
  • Typical polymers used in barrier layers include thermoplastics such as plasticized polyvinylchloride (p-PVC) and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) or elastomers such as ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and crosslinked chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).
  • p-PVC plasticized polyvinylchloride
  • TPO thermoplastic polyolefins
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene diene monomer
  • CSPE crosslinked chlorosulfonated polyethylene
  • One of the drawbacks of polymer-based barrier layers is their poor bonding properties; they typically show low bonding strength to adhesives that are commonly used in the construction industry, such as epoxy adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and cementitious compositions. Therefore, a contact layer, for example, a fleece backing
  • a waterproofing membrane is bonded to a surface of a structure to be waterproofed whereas in pre-applied applications, the waterproofing membrane is laid before the structure to be waterproofed is built.
  • the membrane is bonded via its contact layer to the surface of the structure by using an adhesive or a sealing tape.
  • the waterproofing membrane is placed with its waterproofing layer against an underlying structure or formwork and fresh concrete is cast against the surface of the contact layer, thereby fully and permanently bonding the membrane to the surface of the hardening concrete.
  • a layer of adhesive can be used between the waterproofing layer and the contact layer to improve bonding to the fresh concrete cast.
  • the adhesive should preferably enable penetration of the casted concrete into the contact layer in order to ensure good bonding between waterproofing membrane and the surface of the waterproofed structure.
  • Watertightness after infiltration means in general that the sealing construction should be able to prevent the infiltrated water from penetrating to the space between the membrane and the waterproofed surface.
  • a leak in the barrier layer can be a result of inward growing tree roots, material failure or tensile or shear forces directed to the membrane. If the watertightness after infiltration is lost, water is able to flow laterally underneath the membrane and to invade the interior of the building structure. In such cases the exact location of the leak in the barrier layer is also difficult to detect.
  • US 8793862 B2 describes a waterproofing membrane comprising a barrier layer, a composite layer arranged on one side of the barrier layer and a network of sealant between the barrier layer and the composite layer.
  • the network of sealant is said to limit the size of area affected by penetrating water in case of water leakage through the barrier layer.
  • the membrane is applied on a subsurface in such a way that the barrier layer is directed against a concrete base and the composite layer is facing the concrete casted against the membrane. During the hardening process, the composite layer is penetrated by the liquid concrete forming a good bond with the hardened concrete.
  • US2015/0231863 A1 discloses a waterproofing membrane including a barrier layer and a functional layer including a thermoplastic polymer that changes consistency under the influence of highly alkaline media and an adhesive. Once the functional layer gets into contact with liquid concrete, the thermoplastic polymer dissolves and allows the adhesive to bond to the cast concrete.
  • the functional layer may additionally comprise other thermoplastic polymers, fillers or concrete constituents. The construction of the functional layer is said to enable working with membranes in adverse weather conditions without diminishing the adhesive capacity of the membrane.
  • One of the disadvantages of the State-of-the-Art multilayer waterproofing membranes is related to the use of non-woven backings as contact layer to provide sufficient bonding between the membrane and the substrate to be waterproofed.
  • the adjacent membrane sheets In waterproofing and roofing applications the adjacent membrane sheets have to be homogenously joined to each other in a reliable way to ensure watertightness of the sealing construction.
  • Membranes having a non-woven backing cannot typically be joined by heat welding but instead the edges of the membranes have to be bonded together either by using an adhesive or with a sealing tape adhered on top of the seam and/or under the seam.
  • the use of an adhesive or a sealing tape to join adjacent membrane sheets complicates the installation process and increases application costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a waterproofing membrane, which can be used for sealing of bases, underground surfaces or buildings against water penetration.
  • a waterproofing membrane which forms a permanent bond with a layer of cementitious composition after hardening without the use of a fiber-based contact layer.
  • the subject of the present invention is a sealing device as defined in claim 1.
  • the fiber-based contact layer typically used in prior art waterproofing membranes can be replaced with a functional layer composed of an at least partially cured moisture curing composition comprising at least one silane-terminated polymer.
  • the functional layer of the present invention is relatively easy to clean by a simple washing step.
  • the time period between the casting of the concrete layer and installation of the waterproofing membrane can be relatively long and during that time the functional layer is susceptible to environmental conditions, such as effects of heat, UV-exposure, rain, and in particular foot traffic across the membrane surface.
  • the waterproofing membranes are usually not provided with additional protective layers, which would protect the functional layer from dirt accumulation, the outer surface of the membrane has to be cleaned by washing before the casting of the concrete layer to ensure proper bonding between the casted concrete and the functional layer. Washing of fiber-based contact layers is per se a complicated process due to the porous structure of the contact layer. The sufficiency of the cleaning treatment is also difficult to verify since the dirt particles are typically absorbed deep inside the fiber-based contact layer.
  • the subject of the present invention is a waterproofing membrane comprising a waterproofing membrane comprising a barrier layer having first and second major surfaces and a functional layer having first and second major surfaces, wherein the functional layer and the barrier layer are directly or indirectly connected over at least a part of their opposing major surfaces and wherein the functional layer is composed of an at least partially cured moisture curing composition comprising:
  • poly designate substances which formally contain, per molecule, two or more of the functional groups occurring in their names.
  • a polyol refers to a compound having at least two hydroxyl groups.
  • a polyether refers to a compound having at least two ether groups.
  • polymer designates a collective of chemically uniform macromolecules produced by a polyreaction (polymerization, polyaddition, polycondensation) where the macromolecules differ with respect to their degree of polymerization, molecular weight and chain length.
  • the term also comprises derivatives of said collective of macromolecules resulting from polyreactions, that is, compounds which are obtained by reactions such as, for example, additions or substitutions, of functional groups in predetermined macromolecules and which may be chemically uniform or chemically nonuniform.
  • polyurethane polymer designates polymers prepared by so called diisocyanate polyaddition process. This also includes those polymers which are virtually free or entirely free from urethane groups. Examples of polyurethane polymers are polyether-polyurethanes, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyureas, polyureas, polyester-polyureas, polyisocyanurates, and polycarbodiimides.
  • silane and organosilane respectively identify compounds which in the first instance have at least one, customarily two or three, hydrolyzable groups bonded directly to the silicon atom via Si-O- bonds, more particularly alkoxy groups or acyloxy groups, and in the second instance have at least one organic radical bonded directly to the silicon atom via an Si-C bond.
  • Silanes with alkoxy or acyloxy groups are also known to the person skilled in the art as organoalkoxysilanes and organoacyloxysilanes, respectively. Tetraalkoxysilanes, consequently, are not organosilanes under this definition.
  • silane group designates the silicon-containing group bonded to the organic carbon radical via the Si-C bond.
  • the silanes, and their silane groups have the property of undergoing hydrolysis on contact with moisture. In so doing, they form organosilanols, these being organosilicon compounds containing one or more silanol groups (Si-OH groups) and, by subsequent condensation reactions, organosiloxanes, these being organosilicon compounds containing one or more siloxane groups (Si-O-Si groups).
  • silane-functional designates compounds which have silane groups.
  • silane-functional polymers accordingly, are polymers which have at least one silane group.
  • silane-terminated polymer designates polymers having silane-groups at their chain ends.
  • Silane designations with functional groups as prefixes such as “aminosilanes” or “mercaptosilanes", for example, identify silanes which carry the stated functional group on the organic radical as a substituent.
  • organotitanate identify compounds which have at least one organic ligand bonding via an oxygen atom to the titanium, zirconium, tin, and aluminum atom, respectively.
  • an amine or an isocyanate is called "aliphatic” when its amine group or its isocyanate group, respectively, is directly bound to an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic moiety.
  • the corresponding functional group is therefore called an aliphatic amine or an aliphatic isocyanate group, respectively.
  • an amine or an isocyanate is called "aromatic" when its amine group or its isocyanate group, respectively, is directly bound to an aromatic moiety.
  • the corresponding functional group is therefore called an aromatic amine or an aromatic isocyanate group, respectively.
  • primary amine group designates an NH 2 -group bound to an organic moiety
  • secondary amine group designates a NH-group bound to two organic moieties which together may be part of a ring.
  • (meth)acrylic designates methacrylic or acrylic. Accordingly, (meth)acryloyl designates methacryloyl or acryloyl. A (meth)acryloyl group is also known as (meth)acryl group. A (meth)acrylic compound can have one or more (meth)acryl groups, such as mono- di-, tri- etc. functional (meth)acrylic compounds.
  • molecular weight designates the molar mass (g/mol) of a molecule or a part of a molecule, also referred to as "moiety”.
  • average molecular weight designates the number average molecular weight (M n ) of an oligomeric or polymeric mixture of molecules or moieties. The number average molecular weight can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a polystyrene standard.
  • glass transition temperature designates the temperature above which temperature a polymer component becomes soft and pliable, and below which it becomes hard and glassy.
  • the glass transition temperature is preferably determined differential scanning calorimetry method (DSC) according to ISO 11357 standard using a heating rate of 2 °C/min. The measurements can be performed with a Mettler Toledo DSC 3+ device and the T g values can be determined from the measured DSC-curve with the help of the DSC-software.
  • softening point designates a temperature at which compound softens in a rubber-like state, or a temperature at which the crystalline portion within the compound melts.
  • the softening point can be measured by a ring and ball method according to DIN EN 1238.
  • the “amount or content of at least one component X" in a composition refers to the sum of the individual amounts of all thermoplastic polymers P contained in the composition.
  • the amount of the at least one thermoplastic polymer P refers to the sum of the individual amounts of all thermoplastic polymers P contained in the composition.
  • the sum of the amounts of all thermoplastic polymers P contained in the composition equals 20 wt.-%.
  • room temperature designates a temperature of 23°C.
  • a dashed line in the chemical formulas of this document represents the bonding between a moiety and the corresponding rest of the molecule.
  • the barrier layer is preferably a planar element having first and second major surfaces, i.e. top and bottom surfaces, defined by peripheral edges.
  • planar element designates in the present document sheet-like elements having a length and width at least 50 times, preferably at least 100 times, more preferably at least 500 times, greater than the thickness of the element.
  • the functional layer is composed of an at least partially cured moisture curing composition.
  • the term "curing composition” or “curable composition” designates in the present document compositions, which can be cured by initiation of the curing reactions.
  • the term “curing reaction” designates in the present document chemical reactions comprising forming bonds resulting, for example, in chain extension and/or crosslinking of polymer chains.
  • the term "cured” as used in connection with a curing composition, for example “at least partially cured moisture curing composition”, is understood to mean that at least a portion of the polymerizable and/or crosslinkable components that form the moisture curing composition is cured.
  • the functional layer is composed of a moisture curing composition having a curing degree of reactive groups, in particular curing degree of silane groups of at least 15%, preferably at least 35%, more preferably at least 55%, even more preferable at least 65%, most preferably at least 75%.
  • curing degree of silane groups designates the number of silane groups that have undergone a curing reaction relative to the number of silane groups that were originally unreacted before initiation of the curing reactions.
  • the functional layer is composed of a moisture curing composition having a curing degree of reactive groups, in particular curing degree of silane groups of at least 85%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 97.5%, most preferable at least 99%.
  • the functional layer is composed of a moisture curing composition that is essentially completely cured.
  • essentially completely cured is understood to mean that the composition has a curing degree of all reactive groups, in particular of silane, epoxy, and amine groups, of at least of at least 85%, more preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 97.5%, most preferable at least 99%.
  • the functional layer is composed of a continuous layer of at least partially cured moisture curing composition.
  • continuous layer designates in the present document layers consisting of one single area of the respective material.
  • a “discontinuous layer” is considered to consist of more than one areas of the respective material, which areas are not connected with each other to form one single continuous layer of the material.
  • the functional layer and the barrier layer are at directly or indirectly connected over at least a part of their opposing major surfaces. It may, however, be preferable that substantially the entire area of the first major surface of the functional layer is directly or indirectly connected to the second major surface of the waterproofing layer. It may furthermore be preferable that the functional layer and the waterproofing layer have substantially the same width and length.
  • the functional layer and the barrier layer are directly connected to each other over at least a part of their opposing major surfaces.
  • the expression "directly connected” is understood to mean in the context of the present invention that no further layer or substance is present between the layers, and that the opposing surfaces of the two layers are directly bonded to each other or adhere to each other.
  • the materials forming the layers can also be present mixed with each other.
  • substantially the entire first major surface of the functional layer is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer. In these embodiments, it may for example be preferable that at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, of the first major surface of the functional layer is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer.
  • the moisture curing composition may be a single-component moisture curing composition or a multiple-component moisture curing composition, in particular a two-component moisture curing composition.
  • the at least partially cured moisture curing composition is obtained by mixing the components of the multiple-component moisture curing composition with each other and allowing the thus obtained mixture to cure.
  • single-component composition or “single-part composition” designates in the present document storage-stable compositions, in which the constituents of the composition are provided in a one component.
  • Single-component compositions can be provided packaged in one package whereas in two-component or multi-component compositions the components are provided packaged in physically separated compartments or in separate packages in order to ensure storage-stability.
  • storage stability and “shelf life stability” refer to the ability of a composition to be stored at room temperature in a suitable container under exclusion of moisture for a certain time interval, in particular several months, without undergoing significant changes in application or end-use properties.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer has at least one terminal group of formula (I): wherein
  • R 1 and R 2 are the radicals as described.
  • the silane-terminated polymer is a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer, more preferably a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer that is entirely free of isocyanate groups.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer is a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer P1, which is obtainable by the reaction of a silane having at least one group that is reactive toward isocyanate groups, with a polyurethane polymer which contains terminal isocyanate groups. This reaction is carried out preferably in a stoichiometric ratio of the groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups to the isocyanate groups of 1:1, or with a slight excess of groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups, meaning that the resulting silane-terminated polyurethane polymer is preferably entirely free of isocyanate groups.
  • Suitable silanes which have at least one group that is reactive toward isocyanate groups include, for example, mercaptosilanes, aminosilanes, and hydroxysilanes, in particular aminosilanes and hydroxysilanes.
  • Particularly suitable aminosilanes include aminosilanes of the formula (la): wherein the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and a have the already described meanings and R 11 is a hydrogen atom or is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms that optionally contains cyclic moieties, or is a radical of the formula (II): wherein the radicals R 12 and R 13 , independently of one another, are a hydrogen atom or a radical from the group encompassing -R 15 , -CN, and -COOR 15 , radical R 14 is a hydrogen atom or is a radical from the group encompassing -CH 2 -COOR 15 , -COOR 15 , CONHR
  • Examples of preferred aminosilanes are primary aminosilanes such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane; secondary aminosilanes such as N-butyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; the products of the Michael-like addition of primary aminosilanes such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane onto Michael acceptors such as acrylonitrile, (meth)acrylic esters, (meth)acrylamides, maleic diesters and fumaric diesters, citraconic diesters and itaconic diesters, examples being dimethyl and diethyl N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aminosuccinate; and also analogs of the stated aminosilanes having methoxy or isopropoxy groups instead
  • Particularly suitable aminosilanes are secondary aminosilanes, more particularly aminosilanes in which R 4 in formula (II) is different from H.
  • Preferred are the Michael-like adducts, more particularly diethyl N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aminosuccinate.
  • Morphosel acceptor designates in the present document compounds which on the basis of the double bonds they contain, activated by electron acceptor radicals, are capable of entering into nucleophilic addition reactions with primary amino groups (NH 2 groups) in a manner analogous to Michael addition (hetero-Michael addition).
  • Particularly suitable hydroxysilanes include the ones disclosed, for example, in WO 2014/187865 A1 , WO 2015/014725 A1 , WO 2015/014726 A1 , WO 2016/083310 A1 , WO 2016/083311 A1 , WO 2016/083312 A1 , and WO 2016/083309 A1 .
  • suitable polyurethane polymers containing isocyanate groups for the preparation of a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer include polymers which are obtainable by the reaction of at least one polyol with at least one polyisocyanate, more particularly a diisocyanate. This reaction may take place by the polyol and the polyisocyanate being reacted by customary methods, as for example at temperatures of 50°C to 100°C, optionally with accompanying use of suitable catalysts, the polyisocyanate being metered such that its isocyanate groups are present in a stoichiometric excess in relation to the hydroxyl groups of the polyol.
  • the excess of polyisocyanate is preferably selected such that in the resulting polyurethane polymer, after the reaction of all hydroxyl groups of the polyol, the remaining free isocyanate group content is from 0.1 to 5 wt.-%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably 0.2 to 1 wt.-%, based on the overall polymer.
  • the polyurethane polymer may optionally be prepared with accompanying use of plasticizers, in which case the plasticizers used contain no groups that are reactive toward isocyanates.
  • Preferred polyurethane polymers with the stated amount of free isocyanate groups are those obtained from the reaction of diisocyanates with high molecular mass diols in an NCO:OH ratio of 1.5:1 to 2:1.
  • Suitable polyols for preparing the polyurethane polymer are, in particular, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and polycarbonate polyols, and also mixtures of these polyols.
  • polyether polyols also called polyoxyalkylene polyols or oligoetherols
  • polyether polyols also called polyoxyalkylene polyols or oligoetherols
  • polyether polyols are those which are polymerization products of ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 2,3-butylene oxide, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof, optionally polymerized with the aid of a starter molecule having two or more active hydrogen atoms, such as water, ammonia, for example, or compounds having two or more OH or NH groups such as, for example, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, the isomeric dipropylene glycols and tripropylene glycols, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols,
  • Use may be made both of polyoxyalkylene polyols which have a low degree of unsaturation (measured by ASTM D-2849-69 and expressed in milliequivalents of unsaturation per gram of polyol (meq/g)), prepared for example by means of double metal cyanide complex catalysts (DMC catalysts), and of polyoxyalkylene polyols having a higher degree of unsaturation, prepared for example by means of anionic catalysts such as NaOH, KOH, CsOH, or alkali metal alkoxides.
  • DMC catalysts double metal cyanide complex catalysts
  • polyoxyethylene polyols and polyoxypropylene polyols are particularly suitable, more particularly polyoxyethylene diols, polyoxypropylene diols, polyoxyethylene triols, and polyoxypropylene triols.
  • polyoxyalkylene diols or polyoxyalkylene triols having a degree of unsaturation of less than 0.02 meq/g and having an average molecular weight in the range from 1,000 to 30,000 g/mol
  • polyoxyethylene diols, polyoxyethylene triols, polyoxypropylene diols, and polyoxypropylene triols having an average molecular weight of 400 to 20,000 g/mol are particularly suitable.
  • polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyols which are obtained, for example, by subjecting pure polyoxypropylene polyols, more particularly polyoxypropylene diols and triols, to further alkoxylation with ethylene oxide after the end of the polypropoxylation reaction, and which therefore have primary hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred in this case are polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene diols and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene triols.
  • hydroxyl group terminated polybutadiene polyols examples being those prepared by polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and allyl alcohol or by oxidation of polybutadiene, and their hydrogenation products.
  • styrene-acrylonitrile grafted polyether polyols of the kind available commercially, for example, under the trade name Lupranol® from BASF SE, Germany.
  • polyesters which carry at least two hydroxyl groups and are prepared by known processes, particularly by the polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids or the polycondensation of aliphatic and/or aromatic polycarboxylic acids with dihydric or polyhydric alcohols.
  • polyester polyols are those prepared from di- to trihydric alcohols such as, for example, 1,2-ethanediol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, or mixtures of the aforesaid alcohols, with organic dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides or esters, such as, for example, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, trimethyladipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, dimer fatty acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate
  • polyester diols especially those prepared from adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, dimer fatty acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid as dicarboxylic acid, or from lactones such as ⁇ -caprolactone, for example, and from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, dimer fatty acid diol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as dihydric alcohol.
  • polycarbonate polyols are those obtainable by reaction, for example, of the abovementioned alcohols, used for synthesis of the polyester polyols, with dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diaryl carbonates such as diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene.
  • dialkyl carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate
  • diaryl carbonates such as diphenyl carbonate
  • phosgene particularly suitable are polycarbonate diols, especially amorphous polycarbonate diols.
  • poly(meth)acrylate polyols are poly(meth)acrylate polyols.
  • polyhydrocarbon polyols also called oligohydrocarbonols
  • examples being polyhydroxy-functional ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, as produced for example by Kraton Polymers, USA, or polyhydroxy-functional copolymers of dienes such as 1,3-butanediene or diene mixtures and vinyl monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile or isobutylene, or polyhydroxy-functional polybutadiene polyols, examples being those which are prepared by copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene and allyl alcohol and which may also have been hydrogenated.
  • polyhydroxy-functional acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers of the kind preparable, for example, from epoxides or amino alcohols and carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, which are available commercially under the name Hypro® (formerly Hycar® CTBN from Emerald Performance Materials, LLC, USA.
  • These stated polyols preferably have a molecular weight of 250 to 30,000 g/mol, more particularly of 1,000 to 30,000 g/mol, and an average OH functionality in the range from 1.6 to 3.
  • Particularly suitable polyols are polyester polyols and polyether polyols, more particularly polyether polyols, such as polyoxyethylene polyol, polyoxypropylene polyol, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol, preferably polyoxyethylene diol, polyoxypropylene diol, polyoxyethylene triol, polyoxypropylene triol, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene diol, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene triol.
  • polyether polyols such as polyoxyethylene polyol, polyoxypropylene polyol, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol, preferably polyoxyethylene diol, polyoxypropylene diol, polyoxyethylene triol, polyoxypropylene triol, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene diol, and polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene triol.
  • dihydric or polyhydric alcohols such as, for example, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, the isomeric dipropylene glycols and tripropylene glycols, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, nonanediols, decanediols, undecanediols, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, dimeric fatty alcohols, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol,
  • diisocyanates for the preparation of the polyurethane polymer it is possible to use commercially customary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates, more particularly diisocyanates.
  • Suitable diisocyanates by way of example are those whose isocyanate groups are bonded in each case to one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic C atom, also called “aliphatic diisocyanates", such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 2-methylpentamethylene 1,5-diisocyanate, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), 1,12-dodecamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate and lysine ester diisocyanate, cyclohexane 1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane 1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato
  • Suitable methoxysilane-funtional polymers are available commercially, for example, under the trade name Polymer ST50 from Hanse Chemie AG, Germany, and also under the trade name Desmoseal® from Covestro AG, Germany.
  • the silane-terminated polymer P1 is an ethoxysilane-terminated polyurethane polymer.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer is a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer P2, which is obtainable through the reaction of isocyanotosilane with a polymer which has functional end groups that are reactive toward isocyanates, these end groups being more particularly hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups and/or amino groups.
  • This reaction takes place in a stoichiometric ratio of the isocyanate groups to the functional end groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups of 1:1, or with a slight excess of the functional end groups that are reactive toward isocyanate groups, at temperatures, for example, of 20°C to 100°C, optionally with accompanying use of catalysts.
  • Suitable isocyanatosilanes include compounds of the formula (lb): wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 have the already mentioned meanings.
  • suitable isocyanatosilanes of the formula (lb) are 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, and their analogs with methoxy or isopropoxy groups in place of the ethoxy groups in the silica.
  • the polymer preferably has hydroxyl groups as functional end groups, which are reactive toward isocyanate groups of isocyanotosilane.
  • Suitable polymers having hydroxyl groups are, on the one hand, high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyols already identified, preferably polyoxypropylene diols having a degree of unsaturation of less than 0.02 meq/g and having an average molecular weight in the range from 4,000 to 30,000 g/mol, more particularly those having an average molecular weight in the range from 8,000 to 30,000 g/mol.
  • Polyurethane polymers of this kind are obtainable through the reaction of at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol. This reaction may be accomplished by bringing the polyol and the polyisocyanate to reaction by customary processes, at temperatures of 50°C to 100°C, for example, optionally with accompanying use of suitable catalysts, the polyol being metered such that its hydroxyl groups are in a stoichiometric excess in relation to the isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate.
  • the polyurethane polymer may optionally be prepared with accompanying use of plasticizers, in which case the plasticizers used contain no groups reactive toward isocyanates. Suitable for this reaction are the same polyols and polyisocyanates already referenced as being suitable for the preparation of a polyurethane polymer containing isocyanate groups that is used for preparing a silane-terminated polyurethane polymer P1.
  • Suitable methoxysilane-terminated polymers are commercially available, for example, under the trade names SPUR+® 1010LM, 1015LM, and 1050MM from Momentive Performance Materials Inc., USA, and also under the trade names Geniosil® STP-E15, STP-10, and STP-E35 from Wacker Chemie AG, Germany, and also under the trade name Incorez STP from Sika Incorez, UK.
  • the silane-terminated polymer P2 is an ethoxysilane-terminated polyurethane polymer.
  • the silane-terminated polymer is a silane-terminated polymer P3, which is obtainable by a hydrosilylation reaction of polymers, having terminal double bonds, examples being poly(meth)acrylate polymers or polyether polymers, more particularly of allyl-terminated polyoxyalkylene polymers, as described for example in US 3,971,751 and US 6,207,766 .
  • Suitable methoxysilane-terminated polymers are commercially available, for example, under the trade names MS-Polymer® S203(H), S303(H), S227, S810, MA903, and S943, Silyl® SAX220, SAX350, SAX400, and SAX725, Silyl® SAT350, and SAT400, and also XMAP® SA100S, and SA310S from Kaneka Corp., Japan, and also under the trade names Excestar® S2410, S2420, S3430, S3630, W2450, and MSX931 from Asahi Glass Co, Ltd., Japan.
  • the silane-terminated polymer P3 is an ethoxysilane-terminated polymer.
  • silane-terminated polymers it is also possible to use as the at least one silane-terminated polymers other silane-terminated polymers that are commercially available, for example, under the trade name Tegopac® from Evonik Industries, Germany, more particularly Tegopac® Seal 100, Tegopac® Bond 150, Tegopac® Bond 250.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer is free of methoxysilane-groups, i.e. the composition preferably comprises no constituents which give off methanol upon curing in the presence of water.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer is present in the moisture curing composition in an amount of at least 5 wt.-%, preferably at least 10 wt.-%, more preferably at least 15 wt.-%, most preferably at least 20 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the moisture curing composition.
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer is present in the moisture curing composition in an amount of 5 - 85 wt.-%, more preferably 10 - 75 wt.-%, even more preferably 15 - 65 wt.-%, most preferably 20 - 55 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the moisture curing composition.
  • the moisture curing composition further comprises:
  • At least one silane crosslinker At least one silane crosslinker.
  • Suitable silane crosslinkers include monomeric and oligomeric silane compounds containing one or more, preferably two or more functional residues. Particularly suitable silane crosslinkers include, for example, aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, mercaptosilanes, (meth)acrylosilanes, vinylsilanes, urea silanes, and anhydridosilanes or adducts of the aforesaid silanes with primary aminosilanes. According to one or more embodiments, the moisture curing composition comprises at least one silane crosslinker selected from the group consisting of aminosilanes, epoxysilanes, mercaptosilanes, (meth)acrylosilanes, and vinyl silanes. The presence of the silane crosslinkers has been found to improve the mechanical properties of the functional layer.
  • silane crosslinker include vinyl trialkoxysilanes, 3-aminopropyl-dialkoxyalkylsilanes, 3-aminopropyl-trialkoxysilanes, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-dialkoxyalkylsilanes, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trialkoxysilanes, 3-glycidoxypropyltrialkoxysilanes and 3-mercaptopropyl-trialkoxysilanes.
  • the at least silane crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane.
  • the amount of silane crosslinkers in the moisture curing composition is not particularly restricted. According to one or more embodiments, the at least one silane crosslinker is present in the moisture curing composition in an amount of 0.5 - 10.0 wt.-%, more preferably 1.0 - 7.5 wt.-%, most preferably 1.5 - 5.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the moisture curing composition.
  • the moisture curing composition further comprises:
  • At least one filler preferably at least one inert mineral filler.
  • inert mineral filler designates in the present document mineral fillers, which, unlike mineral binders are not reactive with water, i.e. do not undergo a hydration reaction in the presence of water.
  • inert mineral fillers in the moisture curing composition has been found out to improve the concrete adhesion strength of the functional layer.
  • concrete adhesion strength designates in the present document the adhesive bond strength between a substrate and a surface of a concrete specimen, which has been casted on the surface of the substrate and allowed to harden.
  • the concrete adhesion strength of a waterproofing membrane can be measured as average peel force required to separate the membrane from the surface of a cured concrete specimen.
  • Particularly suitable inert mineral fillers include, for example, sand, granite, calcium carbonate, calcium kaolins, diatomaceous earth, pumice, mica, talc, dolomite, xonotlite, perlite, vermiculite, Wollastonite, barite, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium aluminates, silica, fumed silica, precipitated silica, aerogels, glass beads, hollow glass spheres, ceramic spheres, bauxite, comminuted concrete, and zeolites.
  • the term "calcium carbonate” designates in the present document calcitic fillers produced from chalk, limestone or marble by grinding and/or precipitation.
  • the at least one filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium kaolins, diatomaceous earth, silica, fumed silica, and precipitated silica.
  • the moisture curing composition comprises at least two different fillers, preferably at least two different inert mineral fillers, preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium kaolins, diatomaceous earth, silica, fumed silica, and precipitated silica.
  • the at least one filler has a median particle size d 50 of not more than 100 ⁇ m, more preferably not more than 50 ⁇ m, most preferably not more than 25 ⁇ m.
  • the median particle size d 50 of the at least one filler is in the range of 0.5 - 100.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 - 50.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 - 25.0 ⁇ m, most preferably 1.0 - 10.0 ⁇ m.
  • median particle size d 50 designates in the present document the particle size below which 50% of all particles by volume are smaller than the d 50 value.
  • particle size designates the area-equivalent spherical diameter of a particle.
  • the particle size distribution can be measured by laser diffraction according to the method as described in standard ISO 13320:2009.
  • a Mastersizer 2000 device (trademark of Malvern Instruments Ltd, GB) can be used in measuring particle size distribution.
  • the at least one filler preferably at least one inert mineral filler, is present in the moisture curing composition in an amount of at least 2.5 wt.-%, more preferably at least 10.0 wt.-%, most preferably at least 15.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the moisture curing composition.
  • the at least one filler preferably at least one inert mineral filler, is present in the moisture curing composition in an amount of 5 - 75 wt.-%, preferably 10 - 70 wt.-%, more preferably 15 - 65 wt.-%, most preferably 20 - 60 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the moisture curing composition.
  • the moisture curing composition is a two-component composition composed of a first component A comprising:
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer, the at least one silane crosslinker, and the at least one first and/or second filler contained in the two-component moisture curing composition may be the same as those described above as components a), b), and c), including the preferred embodiments identified there.
  • the proportion of the at least one silane crosslinker is 0.1 - 15.0 wt.-%, preferably 0.5 - 10.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component A. It may be preferable that the first component A comprises at least two different silane crosslinkers.
  • the proportion of the at least one first filler is 0.5 - 25.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 - 20.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component A. It may be preferable that the first component A comprises at least two different fillers, preferably at least two different inert mineral fillers.
  • the weight ratio of the component A to component B is from 0.5:1 to 5:1, preferably from 1:1 to 3:1.
  • the proportion of water is 0.5 - 25.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 - 20.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component B.
  • the proportion of the at least one second filler is 1.0 - 65.0 wt.-%, preferably 10.0 - 55.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component B. It may be preferable that the second component B comprises at least two different fillers, preferably at least two different inert mineral fillers.
  • the second component B further comprises at least one curing catalyst.
  • Suitable curing catalysts to be used in the moisture curing composition include those which accelerate the reaction of the silane groups with moisture. These include, for example, organic titanium, tin, zirconium, aluminum, and phosphorus compounds. Particularly preferable as curing catalyst are organotitanates, organozirconates, organostannates, and organoaluminates. As organic ligands these catalysts can contain, in particular, alkoxy groups, sulfonate groups, carboxyl groups, dialkylphosphate groups, dialkylpyrophosphate and dialkyldiketonate groups.
  • organotitanates include titanium(IV) complex compounds having two 1,3-diketonate ligands, especially 2,4-pentanedionate (i.e., acetylacetonate), and two alkoxide ligands; titanium(IV) complex compounds having two 1,3-ketoesterate ligands, more particularly ethyl acetoacetate, and two alkoxide ligands; titanium(IV) complex compounds having one or more amino alkoxide ligands, more particularly triethanolamine or 2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)ethanol, and one or more alkoxide ligands; titanium(IV) complex compounds having four alkoxide ligands; and organotitanates with higher degrees of condensation, especially oligomeric titanium(IV) tetrabutoxide, also referred to as polybutyl titanate.
  • alkoxide ligands are isobutoxy, n-butoxy, isopropoxy, ethoxy, and 2-ethylhexoxy.
  • alkoxide ligands are isobutoxy, n-butoxy, isopropoxy, ethoxy, and 2-ethylhexoxy.
  • Especially suitable are bis(ethylacetoacetato)diisobutoxytitanium(IV), bis(ethylacetoacetato)diisopropoxytitanium(IV), bis(acetylacetonato)-diisopropoxytitanium(IV), bis(acetylacetonato)diisobutoxytitanium(IV), tris(oxyethyl)amineisopropoxytitanium(IV), bis[tris(oxyethyl)amine]diisopropoxytitanium(IV), bis(2-ethylhexane-1,3-dioxy)t
  • Suitable organotitanates are commercially available under the trade name of Tyzor® AA, GBA, GBO, AA-75, AA-65, AA-105, DC, BEAT, BTP, TE, TnBT, KTM, TOT, TPT or IBAY (all from Du Pont / Dorf Ketal); under the trade name of Tytan® PBT, TET, X85, TAA, ET, S2, S4 or S6 (all from TensoChema), and under the trade name of Ken-React® KR® TTS, 7, 9QS, 12, 26S, 33DS, 38S, 39DS, 44, 134S, 138S, 133DS, 158FS or LICA® 44 (all from Kenrich Petrochemicals).
  • Suitable organozirconates are commercially available under the trade name of Ken-React® NZ® 38J, KZ® TPPJ, KZ® TPP, NZ® 01, 09, 12, 38, 44 or 97 (all from Kenrich Petrochemicals) and under the trade name of Snapcure® 3020, 3030, 1020 (all from Johnson Matthey & Brandenberger).
  • a particularly suitable organoaluminate is the commercially available under the trade name of K-Kat® 5218 (from King Industries).
  • the proportion of the at least one curing catalyst is 0.1 - 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.5 - 7.5% by weight, even more preferably 1.0 - 5.0% by weight, most preferably 1.5 - 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the second component B.
  • the moisture curing composition is a two-component composition composed of a first component A comprising:
  • the at least one silane-terminated polymer, the at least one silane crosslinker, and the at least one first and/or second filler contained in the two-component moisture curing composition may be the same as those described above as components a), b), and c), including the preferred embodiments identified there.
  • the at least one epoxy resin is preferably a liquid resin.
  • Preferred liquid epoxy resins have the formula (III):
  • substituents R 1 and R 2 independently represent either H or CH 3 .
  • subscript r represents a value of 0 to 1.
  • r represents a value of ⁇ 0.2.
  • Suitable liquid resins are commercially available under the trade names Araldite® GY 250, Araldite® GY 282, Araldite® PY 304 from Huntsman International LLC, USA, or D.E.R.® 330 or D.E.R.® 331 from Dow Chemical Company, USA, or under the trade names Epikote® 828 or Epikote® 862 from Hexion Specialty Chemicals Inc., USA.
  • aqueous emulsion designates in the present document to emulsions having water as the main continuous (carrier) phase.
  • aqueous designates a 100% water carrier.
  • the at least one epoxy resin is typically present in the aqueous emulsion in an unmodified form. In particular, it is not modified for better emulsifiability, for example with a fatty acid.
  • the aqueous emulsion of at least one epoxy resin optionally contains at least one reactive diluent.
  • Suitable reactive diluents include especially monofunctional epoxides, preferably glycidylated fatty alcohols.
  • the emulsion also contains at least one external emulsifier, especially a nonionic emulsifier, for example a fatty alcohol ethoxylate.
  • the at least one external emulsifier may be present in the aqueous emulsion in ana mount of not more than 10 wt.-%, preferably not more than 5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion preferably has a solids content of 60 to 90% by weight, especially of 70 to 90% by weight, preferably of 75 to 85%.
  • the aqueous emulsion of at least one epoxy resin may contain 10 - 40 % wt.-%, 10 - 30 wt.-%, preferably 15 - 25 wt.-%, of water, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
  • the mean particle size (droplet diameter) of the at least one epoxy resin in the aqueous emulsion is in the range of 0.05 - 10 ⁇ m, in particular 0.1 - 7 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 - 5 ⁇ m.
  • the emulsion preferably has a narrow particle size distribution, wherein the size ratio of the largest to the smallest particle has a value in the range of ⁇ 25, preferably ⁇ 20.
  • the particle size distribution is such that 90% of the particles in the emulsion are smaller than 6 ⁇ m, preferably smaller than 4 ⁇ m, particularly preferably smaller than 3 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation of the aqueous emulsion preferably takes place in a continuous process, especially using a stator-rotor mixer. Such a method is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the first component A of the two-component composition further contains, in addition to the at least one silane-functional polymer, at least one hardener or accelerator for epoxy resins.
  • these are in particular polyamines, for example isophorone diamine, m-xylylenediamine, polyether amines such as those that are commercially available under the trade names of Jeffamine® (from Huntsman International LLC, USA), polyethylenimines, polyamidoamines, polyalkyleneamines such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or pentaethylenhexamine (PEHA), amine-epoxy adducts, pentamethyl diethylenetri-amine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(dimethylaminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, bis-(dimethylaminoethyl
  • additional accelerators especially phosphites, or acids, especially phosphoric acid and carboxylic acids, may be contained in the first component A.
  • tertiary polyamines especially pentamethyl-diethylene triamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(dimethylaminopropyl)-1,3-propanediamine,bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, bis-(dimethylaminoethyl)-piperazine, N,N'-dimethylpiperazine; Mannich bases, especially dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol and 2,4,6-tris((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)aminomethyl)phenol; as well as imidazoles, especially 1-methylimidazole, 1-ethylimidazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-
  • the proportion of the at least one hardener or accelerator for epoxy resins is 0.5 - 25.0 wt.-%, preferably 1.0 - 20.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component A.
  • the first component A comprises:
  • the second component B comprises:
  • the second component B of the two-component moisture curing composition comprises at least one aqueous emulsion of at least one epoxy resin
  • the functional layer of the waterproofing membrane of the present invention is non-tacky at normal room temperature. Whether a surface of a specimen is tacky or not can be determined by pressing the surface with the thumb at a pressure of about 5 kg for 1 second and then trying to lift the specimen by raising the hand. In case the thumb does not remain adhered to the surface and the specimen cannot be raised up, the surface is considered to be non-tacky.
  • the "specimen" used in the tackiness test refers to a waterproofing membrane having a width of 10 cm and length of 20 cm.
  • the thickness of the functional layer is not particularly restricted and it may not be constant in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction of the sealing device.
  • the functional layer has a maximum thickness, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 10 - 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 15 - 500 ⁇ m, even more preferably 25 - 250 ⁇ m, most preferably 50 - 200 ⁇ m.
  • the functional layer has an average thickness, calculated as arithmetic average of the maximum and minimum thicknesses, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 10 - 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 15 - 500 ⁇ m, even more preferably 25 - 250 ⁇ m, most preferably 50 - 200 ⁇ m.
  • the barrier layer comprises at least one thermoplastic polymer, which is present in the barrier layer in an amount of at least 70 wt.-%, more at least 75 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 80 wt.-%, most preferably at least 85 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the barrier layer.
  • Suitable thermoplastic polymers to be used in the barrier layer include, for example, ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - acrylic ester copolymers, ethylene - ⁇ -olefin co-polymers, ethylene - propylene co-polymers, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyamides (PA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and polyisobutylene (PIB).
  • EVA ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer
  • EVA ethylene - acrylic ester copolymers
  • ethylene - ⁇ -olefin co-polymers ethylene - propylene co-polymers
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PA polyamides
  • the at least one thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - acrylic ester copolymers, ethylene - ⁇ -olefin co-polymers, and ethylene - propylene co-polymers.
  • the thickness of the barrier layer is not particularly restricted.
  • the barrier layer may have a thickness, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 0.1 - 5.0 mm, preferably 0.25 - 3.5 mm, more preferably 0.25 - 2.5 mm, most preferably 0.3 - 2.0 mm
  • the waterproofing membrane further comprises a connecting layer having first and second major surfaces and arranged between the barrier layer and the functional layer.
  • At least a part of the first major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to at least a part of the second major surface of the barrier layer and/or that at least a part of the second major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to at a least part of the first major surface of the functional layer.
  • substantially the entire area of the first major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer and/or that substantially the entire area of the second major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to the first major surface of the functional layer. It may, for example, be preferable that at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, of the first major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer and/or that at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%, of the second major surface of the connecting layer is directly connected to the first major surface of the functional layer. Furthermore, it may also be preferable that the functional layer and the connecting layer have substantially the same width and length.
  • the connecting layer is composed of an at least partially cured film-forming curable composition comprising at least one epoxy resin and at least one hardener or accelerator for epoxy resins.
  • the connecting layer is composed of a continuous layer of the at least partially cured film-forming curable composition.
  • the at least one epoxy resin contained in the film-forming curable composition is preferably a solid epoxy resin, more preferably a solid epoxy resin of the formula (III), wherein the substituents R 1 and R 2 independently is either H or CH 3 and the subscript r has a value of ⁇ 1, in particular ⁇ 1.5, more preferably in the range from 2 to 12.
  • Suitable hardeners and accelerators to be used in the curable composition include the ones discussed above related to the two-component moisture curing composition.
  • the curable composition may further comprise at least one silane chain extender or silane coupling agent.
  • Suitable silane chain extenders and coupling agents include, for example vinyl trialkoxysilanes, 3-aminopropyl-dialkoxyalkylsilanes, 3-aminopropyl-trialkoxysilanes, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-dialkoxyalkylsilanes, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trialkoxysilanes, 3-glycidoxypropyltrialkoxysilanes and 3-mercaptopropyl-trialkoxysilanes.
  • silane chain extenders and silane coupling agents include vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-dimethoxymethylsilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane.
  • the curable composition may further comprise at least one organic solvent.
  • organic solvent designates in the present document non- aqueous solvents and combinations of non-aqueous solvents, and, in particular, to solvents comprising organic compounds.
  • the at least one organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, hexane, octane, and mixtures thereof.
  • the film-forming curable composition comprises at least 10 wt.-%, preferably at least 20 wt.-%, more preferably at least 35 wt.-% of at least one solid epoxy resin, based on the total weight of the curable composition. It may be preferable that the film-forming curable composition comprises 15 - 75 wt.-%, more preferably 25 - 65 wt.-% of at least one solid epoxy resin, based on the total weight of the film-forming curable composition.
  • the film-forming curable composition comprises:
  • the connecting layer is a thermoplastic polymer layer comprising at least 80 wt.-% of at least one thermoplastic polymer.
  • the at least one thermoplastic polymer is preferably ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer, more preferably ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer having a content of a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate (hereinafter referred to as "vinyl acetate unit") of at least 30 wt.-%, more preferably at least 35 wt.-%, most preferably at least 40 wt.-%.
  • the connecting layer is composed of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) composition or pressure sensitive hot-melt adhesive (HM-PSA) composition.
  • PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
  • HM-PSA pressure sensitive hot-melt adhesive
  • Suitable pressure sensitive adhesives include compositions based on acrylic polymers, styrene block copolymers, amorphous poly- ⁇ -olefins (APAO), vinyl ether polymers, elastomers such as, for example, butyl rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
  • suitable pressure sensitive adhesive compositions typically comprise one or more additional constituents including, for example, tackifying resins, waxes, and plasticizers as wells as one or more additives such as, for example, UV-light absorption agents, UV- and heat stabilizers, optical brighteners, pigments, dyes, and desiccants.
  • the adhesive is a styrene block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesive or styrene block copolymer-based pressure sensitive hot-melt adhesive comprising at least one styrene block copolymer.
  • Suitable styrene block copolymers include block copolymers of the SXS type, in each of which S denotes a non-elastomer styrene (or polystyrene) block and X denotes an elastomeric ⁇ -olefin block, which may be polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polyisoprene-polybutadiene, completely or partially hydrogenated polyisoprene (poly ethylene-propylene), completely or partially hydrogenated polybutadiene (poly ethylene-butylene).
  • the elastomeric ⁇ -olefin block preferably has a glass transition temperature in the range from -55°C to - 35°C.
  • the elastomeric ⁇ -olefin block may also be a chemically modified ⁇ -olefin block.
  • Particularly suitable chemically modified ⁇ -olefin blocks include, for example, maleic acid-grafted ⁇ -olefin blocks and particularly maleic acid-grafted ethylene-butylene blocks.
  • the at least one styrene block copolymer is selected from the group consisting of SBS, SIS, SIBS, SEBS, and SEPS block copolymers. These can have a linear, radial, diblock, triblock or star structure, linear structure being preferred.
  • Suitable styrene block copolymers of the SXS type include block copolymers based on saturated or unsaturated middle blocks X. Hydrogenated styrene block copolymers are also suitable.
  • the at least one styrene block copolymer may be present in the adhesive in an amount of 5 - 60 wt.-%, more preferably 10 - 55 wt.-%, most preferably 20 - 50 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the adhesive.
  • the styrene block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesive preferably comprises at least one tackifying resin.
  • tackifying resin designates in the present document resins that in general enhance the adhesion and/or tackiness of an adhesive composition.
  • tackiness designates in the present document the property of a substance of being sticky or adhesive by simple contact. The tackiness can be measured, for example, as a loop tack.
  • Preferred tackifying resins are tackifying at a temperature of 25°C.
  • Suitable tackifying resins include synthetic resins, natural resins, and chemically modified natural resins.
  • the at least one tackifying resin may be present in the styrene block copolymer based pressure sensitive adhesive in an amount of 5 - 60 wt.-%, preferably 10 - 55 wt.-%, most preferably 20 - 50 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the adhesive.
  • Suitable natural resins and chemically modified natural resins include rosins, rosin esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, and terpene resins.
  • rosin is to be understood to include gum rosin, wood rosin, tall oil rosin, distilled rosin, and modified rosins, for example dimerized, hydrogenated, maleated and/or polymerized versions of any of these rosins.
  • Suitable terpene resins include copolymers and terpolymers of natural terpenes, such as styrene/terpene and alpha methyl styrene/terpene resins; polyterpene resins obtainable from the polymerization of terpene hydrocarbons, such as the bicyclic monoterpene known as pinene, in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts at moderately low temperatures; hydrogenated polyterpene resins; and phenolic modified terpene resins including hydrogenated derivatives thereof.
  • synthetic resin designates in the present document compounds obtained from the controlled chemical reactions such as polyaddition or polycondensation between well-defined reactants that do not themselves have the characteristic of resins.
  • Monomers that may be polymerized to synthesize the synthetic resins may include aliphatic monomer, cycloaliphatic monomer, aromatic monomer, or mixtures thereof.
  • Aliphatic monomers can include C 4 , C 5 , and C 6 paraffins, olefins, and conjugated diolefins.
  • aliphatic monomers or cycloaliphatic monomers examples include butadiene, isobutylene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, cyclopentane, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2- methyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, isoprene, cyclohexane, 1- 3-hexadiene, 1-4-hexadiene, cyclopentadiene, and dicyclopentadiene.
  • Aromatic monomers can include C 8 , C 9 , and C 10 aromatic monomer, such as styrene, indene, derivatives of styrene, derivatives of indene, coumarone and combinations thereof.
  • suitable synthetic resins include synthetic hydrocarbon resins made by polymerizing mixtures of unsaturated monomers that are obtained as by-products of cracking of natural gas liquids, gas oil, or petroleum naphthas.
  • Synthetic hydrocarbon resins obtained from petroleum based feedstocks are referred in the present document as "petroleum hydrocarbon resins".
  • These include also pure monomer aromatic resins, which are made by polymerizing aromatic monomer feedstocks that have been purified to eliminate color causing contaminants and to precisely control the composition of the product.
  • Petroleum hydrocarbon resins typically have a relatively low average molecular weight (M n ), such in the range of 250 - 5'000 g/mol and a glass transition temperature of above 0°C, preferably equal to or higher than 15°C, more preferably equal to or higher than 30°C.
  • M n average molecular weight
  • the at least one tackifying resin is selected from the group consisting of C5 aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, mixed C5/C9 aliphatic/aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, aromatic modified C5 aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, mixed C5 aliphatic/cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, mixed C9 aromatic/cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, mixed C5 aliphatic/cycloaliphatic/C9 aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, aromatic modified cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, and C9 aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins as well hydrogenated versions of the aforementioned resins.
  • the notations "C5" and “C9” indicate that the monomers from which the resins are made are predominantly hydrocarbons having 4-6 and 8-10 carbon atoms, respectively.
  • the term “hydrogenated” includes fully, substantially and at least partially hydrogenated resins. Partially hydrogenated resins may have a hydrogenation level, for example, of 50%, 70%, or 90%.
  • Preferred thickness of the connecting layer depends on the composition of the connecting layer and it may not be constant in the longitudinal and/or transverse direction of the waterproofing membrane.
  • the connecting layer is composed of a cured material of a curable solvent-based epoxy resin composition
  • the connecting layer has an average thickness, calculated as arithmetic average of the maximum and minimum thicknesses, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 10 - 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 15 - 500 ⁇ m, even more preferably 25 - 350 ⁇ m, most preferably 50 - 250 ⁇ m.
  • the connecting layer is a thermoplastic polymer layer
  • the connecting layer has an average thickness, calculated as arithmetic average of the maximum and minimum thicknesses, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 10 - 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 15 - 500 ⁇ m, even more preferably 25 - 350 ⁇ m, most preferably 50 - 250 ⁇ m.
  • the connecting layer is composed of a pressure sensitive adhesive composition
  • the connecting layer has an average thickness, calculated as arithmetic average of the maximum and minimum thicknesses, determined by using the measurement method as defined in DIN EN 1849-2 standard, of 50 - 1500 ⁇ m, preferably 100 - 1000 ⁇ m, even more preferably 150 - 1000 ⁇ m, most preferably 250 - 750 ⁇ m.
  • the second major surface of the barrier layer may have been subjected to a pre-treatment step in order to improve the bonding of the barrier layer to the functional layer or to the connecting layer, if used.
  • Suitable pre-treatment steps include, for example, air-pressure plasma treatment, wet chemical functional grafting, and oxo-fluorination.
  • Air pressure plasma-treatment can be used to clean the surface of the barrier layer from organic pollution and/or to increase the free surface energy.
  • the air pressure plasma-treatment can be conducted using conventional techniques known to a person skilled in the art.
  • a grafting compound such as a silane compound is grafted upon the molecules of the material of the barrier layer to increase the free surface energy and/or to improve bonding with the functional layer.
  • silicon is covalently bonded to the material of the membrane and it can act as a link between the barrier layer and the functional layer containing silane-terminated polymers.
  • the silane grafting solution used in the functional grafting is typically a solvent-based solution of at least one organic silane, such as organoalkoxysilane or aminoalkyl organoalkoxysilane, and at least one free-radical initiator.
  • the free-radical iniator can be heat activated, such as peroxide initiator, or a UV-radiation activated, such as a benzophenone.
  • the surface of the barrier layer is first subjected to a fluorination treatment to provide a surface fluorinated barrier layer, which is subsequently treated with an oxidant fluid to oxidize the fluorinated surface.
  • the fluorination and oxidation steps may also be conducted in simultaneously in one single treatment step.
  • the stability of the oxidized surface fluorinated barrier layer may further be improved by treating the surface with an antioxidant, such as nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide, dinitrogen tetroxide, sulfur dioxide, or sulfur trioxide.
  • the waterproofing membrane may further comprise a reinforcement layer in order to improve the dimensional stability of the membrane.
  • the reinforcement layer is preferably at least partially embedded into the barrier layer.
  • Suitable reinforcement layers include, for example, reinforcing scrims and reinforcing fiber materials.
  • reinforcing scrims commonly used for improving the dimensional stability of thermoplastic waterproofing membranes can be used.
  • such reinforcing scrims comprise a mesh of interwoven strands, which comprises or are composed of plastic or metal material.
  • Suitable reinforcing scrims have a tensile strength sufficient to resist tearing when exposed to typical tensile loads experienced by waterproofing membranes from various directions.
  • Particularly suitable materials for the reinforcing scrim layer include, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyester.
  • the term "fiber material” designates in the present document materials composed of fibers.
  • the fibers can comprise or consist of organic or synthetic material. These include, in particular, cellulose fibers, cotton fibers, protein fibers, synthetic organic fibers, and synthetic inorganic fibers.
  • Suitable synthetic fibers include fibers made of polyester, a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and/or propylene, viscose, nylon, and glass.
  • the fibers can be short fibers or long fibers, spun, woven or unwoven fibers or filaments.
  • the fibers can moreover be aligned or drawn fibers.
  • the reinforcing fiber material can be in the form of a fiber mat, a nonwoven fabric, or a fibrous tissue. Particularly suitable materials for the reinforcing fiber material include glass fibers, polyester fibers, and nylon fibers.
  • the waterproofing membrane comprises a reinforcement layer, which is fully embedded into the barrier layer.
  • the reinforcement layer is substantially fully covered by the matrix of the barrier layer.
  • Another subject of the present invention is a method for producing a waterproofing membrane of the present invention, the method comprising steps of:
  • step i) is conducted by mixing the components A and B of the multiple-component composition with each other.
  • the moisture curing composition may be applied to the surface of the barrier layer or connecting layer, if present, by using any conventional means such as by die coating, extrusion coating, roller coating, or by spray lamination techniques.
  • the moisture curing composition is applied in fluid state to at least a part of the second surface of a connecting layer and the method comprises a further step of: i') Providing a composition of the connecting layer with the constituents as defined above and applying the composition to at least a part of the second major surface of the barrier layer to form a layer of the composition.
  • the barrier layer can be produced by using any conventional technology suitable for producing thermoplastic membranes.
  • the barrier layer can be produced, for example, by using conventional extruding, calendering, compressing, or casting techniques. It goes without saying that the step i') precedes the step ii).
  • the moisture curing composition may be applied only on a part or on substantially the entire area of the second major surface of the barrier layer or of the connecting layer. It may also be preferable that the moisture curing composition is applied over substantially the entire area of the second major surface of the barrier layer or of the connecting layer. It may, for example, be preferable that the moisture curing composition is applied over at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%, of the area of the second major surface of the barrier layer or of the connecting layer.
  • Another subject of the present invention is a method for waterproofing a substrate comprising steps of:
  • cementitious composition designates concrete, shotcrete, grout, mortar, paste or a combination thereof.
  • paste mixtures comprising a hydratable cement binder, usually Portland cement, masonry cement, or mortar cement.
  • Mortars are pastes additionally including fine aggregate, for example sand.
  • Concrete is a mortar additionally including coarse aggregate, for example crushed gravel or stone.
  • Shotcrete is concrete (or sometimes mortar) conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface.
  • Grout is a particularly flowable form of concrete used to fill gaps.
  • cementitious compositions can be formed by mixing required amounts of certain components, for example, a hydratable cement, water, and fine and/or coarse aggregate, to produce the particular cementitious composition.
  • a hydratable cement for example, a hydratable cement, water, and fine and/or coarse aggregate
  • fresh cementitious composition or "liquid cementitious composition” designate cementitious compositions before hardening, particularly before setting.
  • the casted cementitious composition after hardening can be part of a structure, in particular, an above-ground or underground structure, for example a building, garage, tunnel, landfill, water retention, pond, dike or an element for use in pre-fabricated constructions.
  • Another subject of the present invention is a waterproofed construction comprising a layer of concrete and a waterproofing membrane according to the present invention arranged between a surface of a substrate and the layer of concrete such that the first surface of the barrier layer is directed against the surface of the substrate and the second surface of the functional layer is bonded to the layer of concrete.
  • Still another subject of the present invention is the use of the waterproofing membrane of the present invention for sealing of under and above ground structures against water penetration.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a waterproofing membrane (1) comprising a barrier layer (2) having first and second opposed major surfaces and a functional layer (3) having first and second opposed major surfaces.
  • substantially the entire first major surface of the functional layer (3) is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer (2).
  • Fig. 2 shows cross-section of a waterproofing membrane (1) comprising a barrier layer (2), a functional layer (3), and a connecting layer (4) arranged between the barrier layer (2) and the functional layer (3).
  • substantially the entire first major surface of the connecting layer (4) is directly connected to the second major surface of the barrier layer (2) and substantially the entire second major surface of the connecting layer (4) is directly connected to the first major surface of the functional layer (2).
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a waterproofed construction comprising a substrate (5) and a layer of concrete (6) and a waterproofing membrane (1) arranged between the outer surface of the substrate (5) and the layer of concrete (6) such that the first surface of the barrier layer (2) is directed against the outer surface of the substrate and the second surface of the functional layer is bonded to the layer of concrete (6).
  • sample waterproofing membranes were prepared by applying the composition of a functional layer or the composition of the connecting layer, if applicable, to one of the outer surfaces of a thermoplastic barrier layer.
  • thermoplastic barrier layer Two different thermoplastic waterproofing products, WT-1210-06-HF and Combiflex SG (both from Sika für AG), were used as the thermoplastic barrier layer.
  • the first one is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) based waterproofing membrane and the second one is a waterproofing tape based on ethylene-propylene copolymer.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
  • compositions of the functional layer were applied on the surface of the barrier layer or connecting layer using a K-control coater (from Erichsen) and constant coating speed of 1 m/min.
  • the thickness of the applied layer was controlled by wire bars.
  • the composition of the functional layer was allowed to cure at normal room temperature (23°C, relative humidity of 50%).
  • an epoxy resin-based connecting layer was applied on the barrier layer before application of the composition of the functional layer.
  • the epoxy resin-based layer was applied with a coating thickness of 100 ⁇ m using a K-control coater (from Erichsen) and constant coating speed of 1 m/min. After the application, the connecting layer was allowed to cure at normal room temperature (23°C, relative humidity of 50%).
  • the moisture curing compositions were produced by adding the ingredients of the components A and B as shown in Table 2 to a speed mixer and mixing the contents using a mixing speed of 1000 rounds per minute until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.
  • the moisture curing composition of example FL-1 is a one-component composition (only component A) whereas the compositions FL-2 to FL-8 are two-component moisture curing compositions.
  • compositions FL2- to FL-8 The "STP-S" silane-terminated polymer contained in compositions FL2- to FL-8 was prepared as follows: 1000 g polyol (Acclaim® 12200, low monol polyoxypropylene diol from Covestro; OH-number 11.0 mg KOH/g; water content ca.
  • the film-forming curable composition was produced adding the ingredients of the composition as presented below to a speed mixer and mixing the contents using a mixing speed of 1000 rounds per minute until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.
  • the film-forming curable composition contained:
  • the concrete adhesion strength of the exemplary waterproofing membranes was tested by measuring the 90° peel resistance from a cured concrete surface.
  • concrete specimen having a sample membrane adhered on its surface were first prepared as follows.
  • a sample membrane having dimensions of 15 cm x 15 cm was prepared with respective barrier, functional layer, and connecting layer, if applicable.
  • One edge of the sample membrane on the side of the functional layer was covered with an adhesive tape to prevent the adhesion to the hardened concrete.
  • the membrane was dried for at least one week and placed into a framework having approximately the same width and length as the membrane with the functional layer facing upwards and the barrier layer against the bottom of the framework.
  • a batch of fresh concrete formulation having a water-cement ratio of 0.44 was then prepared by mixing the following ingredients:
  • the formworks containing the sample membranes were subsequently filled with the fresh concrete formulation such that the membrane was bonded with the concrete on the side of the functional layer.
  • the casted concrete was allowed to cure for one day covered with a polyethylene foil.
  • the film was then removed and the concrete block was stripped from the framework and stored in wet room (23°C, 95% relative humidity) for 28 days to complete the hydration of the cement.
  • the membrane was then cut into three stripes with a gap of approximately 1 cm between the stripes for measurement of peel resistances.
  • the membrane was peeled off from the surface of the concrete block at a peeling angle of 90° and at a constant cross beam speed of 100 mm/min at normal room temperature and humidity (23°C, 50% relative humidity).
  • the values for peel resistance were calculated as average peel force per width of the sample membrane [N/ 50 mm] during peeling excluding the first and last quarter of the total peeling length from the calculation.
  • the average peel resistances shown in Table 2 and 3 are calculated based on measurements obtained with three strips of the same sample membrane.
EP18164382.6A 2018-03-27 2018-03-27 Abdichtungsmembran mit einer funktionsschicht Withdrawn EP3546541A1 (de)

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US6207766B1 (en) 1997-04-21 2001-03-27 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Room temperature-setting compositions
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