EP3544885B1 - Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen - Google Patents

Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3544885B1
EP3544885B1 EP17804514.2A EP17804514A EP3544885B1 EP 3544885 B1 EP3544885 B1 EP 3544885B1 EP 17804514 A EP17804514 A EP 17804514A EP 3544885 B1 EP3544885 B1 EP 3544885B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
underwater craft
polygonal cross
underwater
outer hull
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17804514.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3544885A1 (de
Inventor
Tom AVSIC
Randolf Teppner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Priority to EP21190035.2A priority Critical patent/EP3943377B1/de
Priority to PL17804514T priority patent/PL3544885T3/pl
Publication of EP3544885A1 publication Critical patent/EP3544885A1/de
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Publication of EP3544885B1 publication Critical patent/EP3544885B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/28—Arrangement of offensive or defensive equipment
    • B63G8/34—Camouflage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/13—Hulls built to withstand hydrostatic pressure when fully submerged, e.g. submarine hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/39—Arrangements of sonic watch equipment, e.g. low-frequency, sonar

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underwater vehicle, in particular a submarine, with an external shape, the shape being optimized to reduce the detectability by means of active sonar. As a result, the distance from which the underwater vehicle can probably be detected can be significantly reduced.
  • Sonar in particular, is used today for the detection of submarines, the detection preferably being carried out over large distances, for example 100 km.
  • the reflection of the sound waves must be avoided, especially towards the transmitter, where the receiver is usually located.
  • This geometrical consideration shows that the detectability of an underwater vehicle at a great distance depends in particular on the reflection of sound at an angle of ⁇ 20 °, in particular at an angle of ⁇ 10 °.
  • a cylindrical body has the property of reflecting a wave practically vertically isotropically and thus emitting practically the same energy in all vertical spatial directions. This means that the detection in the critical flat angle range is not particularly low.
  • the object of the invention is to create an underwater vehicle which, under the conditions of location over a distance, has a significantly reduced detection probability.
  • the underwater vehicle according to the invention with a reduced probability of detection has an outer shell.
  • the underwater vehicle has a bow section, a stern section and a central ship section.
  • the outer shell of the central ship section has a polygonal cross section transversely to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
  • the outer shell of the central ship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire length of the central ship section.
  • the polygonal cross section is known per se for the targeted reflection of a detection wave in a direction deviating from the transmitter. This is known in principle in aircraft construction or shipbuilding, for example the Sea Shadow. Here, large, flat and tilted surfaces are used as reflectors.
  • the outer shell of the central ship section has a curvature along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle. This results in both effects, reflection and dispersion.
  • the effect is that the energy of the detection wave can be significantly minimized in the critical flat angle range.
  • the curvature of the outer shell of the central nave section extends over the entire length of the central nave section.
  • the curvature can have a variable radius of curvature over the length, but the radius of curvature must not become infinite. This would create a flat surface at least at one point, which would reflect an incoming beam without dispersion.
  • the central ship section is arranged between the bow section and the stern section.
  • the bow section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, the bow section beginning at the bow of the underwater vehicle.
  • the stern section has a length of 5% to 40%, preferably 5% to 30%, particularly preferably 5% to 20% of the total length of the underwater vehicle, the stern section beginning at the stern of the underwater vehicle.
  • the central ship section thus has a length of 20% to 90%, preferably from 40% to 90%, particularly preferably from 60% to 90% of the total length of the underwater vehicle.
  • the power of the wave reflected in the transmitter direction can be reduced by a factor of 10,000, for example, compared to a conventional cylindrical underwater vehicle. This reduces the distance at which detection is probable by up to an order of magnitude. This significantly increases the freedom of movement of an underwater vehicle.
  • a triangle or a square can occur as a polygonal cross-section, these two polygons being rather less preferred due to the low adaptability.
  • polygons with 5 to 10 corners or sides are preferred, the lengths of the sides further preferably differing. Opposing sides are particularly preferably of the same length in pairs.
  • the polygonal cross section has rounded corner areas. This is advantageous in terms of production engineering and hydrodynamics.
  • the polygonal cross section has a mirror plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. This means that the outer contour of the port side and the starboard side are the same.
  • the outer shell of the central ship section has a curvature across the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle over the entire cross section along the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
  • the outer casing has at least one first segment, the first segment forming a first conic section in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle or being composed of two or more conic sections.
  • a segment is defined as an area which is bounded above and below by the edges of the polygonal cross section. In the longitudinal direction, the extension of the segment is limited by the extension of the central nave section.
  • a conic section is a portion of the mantle of a cone. Particularly preferably, a first segment and a corresponding second segment lying on the opposite side of the ship have mirror-image conical sections.
  • a cone or cone is a geometric figure that is defined by height and radius.
  • the radius of curvature thus changes continuously transversely to the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle.
  • it can also be a conical section of an oblique cone, in which the height axis is not centered on the circular base area.
  • the outer shell has at least a third segment, the third segment in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle at least partially, preferably completely, forming a third conic section, with height and / or Radius of the third conic section are different from the height and / or radius of the first conic section.
  • the cone of the conic section has a height, the ratio of height to length of the underwater vehicle being between 0.5 and 1,000, preferably between 3.5 and 130, particularly preferably between 8.0 and 35.
  • the cone of the conic section has a diameter, the ratio of cone diameter to length of the underwater vehicle being between 2 and 100, preferably between 6 and 50, particularly preferably between 10 and 20.
  • the underwater vehicle has a tower in the central ship section.
  • the tower particularly preferably has outer walls inclined by at least 10 °, particularly preferably by at least 20 °, with respect to the vertical.
  • the tower particularly preferably has the same angle as the side of the polygonal cross section adjoining below the tower.
  • the curvature of the central ship section has a radius of curvature, the ratio of the radius of curvature to the length of the underwater vehicle being between 5 and 1,000, preferably between 10 and 250, particularly preferably between 25 and 100.
  • the curvature of the central nave section does not have to be constant over the entire length.
  • the curvature of the central ship section can in particular increase towards the sections adjacent to the bow section and / or stern section, for example in order to create a transition.
  • the curvature is preferably increasing in the transition from the central nave to the bow section and decreasing in the transition from the central nave to the area of the stern section.
  • the result is a curvature of the central nave section which increases the cross-section of an imaginary circle encompassing the central nave compared to an uncurved, straight cylinder shape of approximately 0.5 m 2 m, whereby the tower or other structures or extensions are not considered here.
  • the polygonal cross section has a widest point, the widest point of the polygonal cross section being arranged below or above the center, the center being defined as half the height of the polygonal cross section.
  • the deviation from a symmetrical design makes it possible to specifically deflect a larger part of the incoming detection wave in the same direction. If the widest point is below the middle, the larger part is reflected upwards and thus towards the surface of the water. If the widest point is above the middle, the larger part is reflected downwards and thus to the seabed.
  • the first variant is preferred for reducing the target size.
  • the widest point of the polygonal cross section is arranged at least 10%, preferably at least 20% of half the height of the polygonal cross section below or above the center.
  • all planes of the polygonal cross section have an inclination of at least 10 °, preferably of at least 20 °, with respect to the vertical.
  • all planes of the polygonal cross section have an inclination of 10 ° to 40 ° or 50 ° to 80 ° with respect to the vertical.
  • the angle of 45 ° should also be avoided, since the incoming wave is reflected, for example, to the surface of the water, reflected back from it and then reflected back directly to the transmitter. Although the intensity is lower due to the multiple reflection, it is nevertheless significantly higher than at other angles.
  • the outer shell has a sound-absorbing property.
  • the outer shell can consist of a sound-absorbing material, have it or be coated with it. Since the absorption can never be complete, the two effects combine positively.
  • the outer shell is essentially reflective and / or absorbent for sound waves in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, in particular in the range from 1 kHz to 25 kHz. Since other, non-optimized structures can be arranged under the outer shell, the transmission through the outer shell must be kept as low as possible.
  • the sum of the degree of reflection, degree of absorption and degree of transmission is by definition 1. It is regarded as essentially reflective and / or absorbent if the degree of reflection and / or the degree of transmission is at least 0.75, preferably at least 0.9, particularly preferably at least 0.95.
  • the underwater vehicle has a substantially cylindrical pressure body under the outer shell.
  • the outer shell does not completely encompass the cylindrical pressure body.
  • the pressure body thus forms the outer shell in some areas. This can be the case, for example, at rather uncritical points, for example on the underside.
  • sensors in particular passive sonar sensors and / or fuel reservoirs, are arranged between the outer shell and the pressure body.
  • Fuel stores include all forms of storage goods that are required to operate the submarine, for example these are gasoline or diesel tanks, hydrogen stores, for example in the form of compressed gas stores, liquid hydrogen stores or metal hydride stores, oxygen stores, for example in the form of compressed gas stores or liquid oxygen stores , Methanol storage, ethanol storage, batteries, accumulators and compressed gas storage for gas turbines but also autonomous or remote-controlled underwater vehicles, weapons, such as torpedoes or missiles, or decoys.
  • gasoline or diesel tanks hydrogen stores, for example in the form of compressed gas stores, liquid hydrogen stores or metal hydride stores
  • oxygen stores for example in the form of compressed gas stores or liquid oxygen stores
  • Methanol storage ethanol storage
  • ethanol storage batteries
  • accumulators and compressed gas storage for gas turbines but also autonomous or remote-controlled underwater vehicles
  • weapons such as torpedoes or missiles, or decoys.
  • a propeller is arranged at the level of the widest point of the outer skin.
  • the underwater vehicle is a submarine.
  • the underwater vehicle is preferably a military underwater vehicle, particularly preferably a military submarine.
  • Fig. 1 the top view of an underwater vehicle 10 with a bow section 20, a midship section 30 and a stern section 40 is shown, the underwater vehicle having a rudder 60, here in the form of a cross rudder, and a propeller 70 in the stern section 40.
  • the underwater vehicle 10 has an outer shell 50 which, in the longitudinal direction of the underwater vehicle 10, has a curvature of the central ship section, as can be seen in comparison to a pressure body 80 shown in simplified form as a cylinder.
  • the pressure body 80 will also have rounded ends, preferably hemispherical ends, at the bow and at the stern, which has been neglected here for the sake of simplification.
  • the pressure body 80 does not have to take up the full length either.
  • gun barrels can be arranged in the bow.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first exemplary cross section.
  • the outer shell 80 has a hexagonal cross section; the widest point 100 lies exactly at the level of the center 90, which is formed by the center point of the cylindrical pressure body 80. This point is used here and in the following as the center according to half the height of the polygonal cross-section, since these practically coincide, but the center point is easier to visualize. All surfaces of the outer shell 50 have an angle of 30 ° or 90 ° with respect to the vertical.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second exemplary cross section.
  • the outer shell 80 has an irregular hexagonal cross section, the widest point 100 being arranged well above the center 90. As a result, a large part of the incident waves is reflected to the sea floor, which further minimizes the detection probability.
  • Fig. 4 shows a third exemplary cross section.
  • the outer shell 80 has an irregular hexagonal cross section, the widest point 100 being arranged well below the center 90. As a result, a large part of the incident waves are reflected to the surface of the water, but the center of gravity of the underwater vehicle 10 can be arranged lower. This is advantageous for the stability of the underwater vehicle 10.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 shows Fig. 5 a cross-section with rounded corners, which is otherwise basically the same as the second exemplary cross-section Fig. 3 is.
  • fuel storage 110 and sonar sensors 120 are arranged between the outer shell 50 and the pressure body 80.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 The cross-sections shown are mirror-symmetrical. This is not necessary, but preferred.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
EP17804514.2A 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen Active EP3544885B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21190035.2A EP3943377B1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen
PL17804514T PL3544885T3 (pl) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Pojazd podwodny o zmniejszonym prawdopodobieństwie wykrycia z dużych odległości

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016014108.5A DE102016014108A1 (de) 2016-11-24 2016-11-24 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über große Distanzen
PCT/EP2017/079823 WO2018095873A1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 UNTERWASSERFAHRZEUG MIT REDUZIERTER DETEKTIONSWAHRSCHEINLICHKEIT ÜBER GROßE DISTANZEN

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21190035.2A Division EP3943377B1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3544885A1 EP3544885A1 (de) 2019-10-02
EP3544885B1 true EP3544885B1 (de) 2021-09-08

Family

ID=60473517

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17804514.2A Active EP3544885B1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen
EP21190035.2A Active EP3943377B1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21190035.2A Active EP3943377B1 (de) 2016-11-24 2017-11-20 Unterwasserfahrzeug mit reduzierter detektionswahrscheinlichkeit über grosse distanzen

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US10814950B2 (pl)
EP (2) EP3544885B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP6979069B2 (pl)
KR (1) KR102230099B1 (pl)
CN (1) CN110072769B (pl)
AU (1) AU2017364150B2 (pl)
BR (1) BR112019010518A2 (pl)
DE (1) DE102016014108A1 (pl)
ES (1) ES2895722T3 (pl)
IL (1) IL266803B2 (pl)
PL (1) PL3544885T3 (pl)
PT (1) PT3544885T (pl)
WO (1) WO2018095873A1 (pl)
ZA (1) ZA201904042B (pl)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112356969A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-02-12 江苏科技大学 一种多边形潜水器
FR3130251A1 (fr) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-16 Naval Group Engin sous-marin comportant un réservoir externe
CN116477028A (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-07-25 上海交通大学 一种用于水下航行器的局部小曲率半径翼型结构

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1432142A (en) * 1921-01-14 1922-10-17 Fried Krupp Germaniawerft Ag Submarine boat
US1500997A (en) * 1922-05-09 1924-07-08 Knox Samuel Lippincot Griswold Submarine construction
GB531892A (en) * 1939-06-12 1941-01-14 Christian Jensen Gordon Improvements in submarine construction
US2942681A (en) * 1957-08-29 1960-06-28 Morris W Lindman Noise reduction device for submarines
DE1196531B (de) * 1963-07-29 1965-07-08 Dieter Schmidt Oberflaechengestaltung von Unterwasser-fahrzeugen und -geraeten
US3648635A (en) * 1970-08-03 1972-03-14 Universal Eng Marine transport
US4577583A (en) * 1984-06-28 1986-03-25 Green Ii John G Small gliding underwater craft
JPH04130287A (ja) 1990-09-20 1992-05-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 水中吸音体
DE19623127C1 (de) * 1996-06-10 1997-06-19 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Schallabsorber
EP0850830A3 (en) * 1996-12-30 1999-10-20 Javier Silvano Arzola A submarine
DE19754333A1 (de) * 1997-11-24 1998-06-25 Norbert Peters Katamaran-U-Boot
US6941888B2 (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-09-13 Roshdy George S. Barsoum Hybrid ship hull
DE102009025111B3 (de) 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Gmbh Unterseeboot
CN201457726U (zh) * 2009-07-25 2010-05-12 西南交通大学 潜艇的吸声外套
CN102381461A (zh) * 2010-09-01 2012-03-21 伊才库 海军潜水艇
KR20150002986A (ko) 2013-06-28 2015-01-08 대우조선해양 주식회사 군사용 수중로봇 및 그 운용방법
CN105270584A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2016-01-27 李建明 低噪音潜艇
CN106828836A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-06-13 戴罗明 一种深水科研潜艇

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110072769B (zh) 2022-01-18
KR102230099B1 (ko) 2021-03-19
EP3943377B1 (de) 2024-04-10
PL3544885T3 (pl) 2022-01-10
ZA201904042B (en) 2022-12-21
AU2017364150B2 (en) 2020-06-25
EP3544885A1 (de) 2019-10-02
JP6979069B2 (ja) 2021-12-08
US20190315445A1 (en) 2019-10-17
IL266803B2 (en) 2023-04-01
ES2895722T3 (es) 2022-02-22
US10814950B2 (en) 2020-10-27
PT3544885T (pt) 2021-10-29
DE102016014108A1 (de) 2018-05-24
EP3943377A1 (de) 2022-01-26
JP2019536685A (ja) 2019-12-19
WO2018095873A1 (de) 2018-05-31
CN110072769A (zh) 2019-07-30
IL266803A (en) 2019-08-29
IL266803B (en) 2022-12-01
BR112019010518A2 (pt) 2019-10-01
AU2017364150A1 (en) 2019-06-20
KR20190078641A (ko) 2019-07-04

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