EP3538745B1 - Verfahren zur montage und/oder demontage von komponenten einer ein turbinengehäuse aufweisenden turbine sowie adapter und system zur verwendung in dem verfahren - Google Patents

Verfahren zur montage und/oder demontage von komponenten einer ein turbinengehäuse aufweisenden turbine sowie adapter und system zur verwendung in dem verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3538745B1
EP3538745B1 EP18702064.9A EP18702064A EP3538745B1 EP 3538745 B1 EP3538745 B1 EP 3538745B1 EP 18702064 A EP18702064 A EP 18702064A EP 3538745 B1 EP3538745 B1 EP 3538745B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crane
adapter
casing
turbine
base plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18702064.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3538745A1 (de
Inventor
Sezgin Cimen
Thomas Meyer
Benjamin Runge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3538745A1 publication Critical patent/EP3538745A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3538745B1 publication Critical patent/EP3538745B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/68—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/70—Disassembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05D2260/31—Retaining bolts or nuts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for assembling and / or disassembling components of a turbine having a turbine housing.
  • the invention also relates to an adapter and a system for use in this method.
  • the invention relates to the use of an adapter.
  • a manual assembly or disassembly is problematic due to the weight and the unfavorable working position.
  • a fitter would have to climb into the outlet casing when the rotor is in the 12 o'clock position, manually dismantle the blades and then hand them over to a colleague so that he can transport the blades away.
  • the EP 2 535 530 A2 discloses a system and a method for assembling components of a turbine, in which a crane is attached to the turbine housing, and at least one element of an engine housing is brought into its installation position with the aid of the crane.
  • the crane has a tower and a boom permanently connected to it.
  • the EP 3 023 606 A1 relates to a crane system for a gas turbine which has a manhole with a fastening section on its outer housing.
  • the crane system comprises a crane with a column and a boom arm articulated therewith.
  • the crane is connected to the fastening section by means of a flange connection via a counter-fastening section provided at the end of the column.
  • the EP 2 543 868 A2 discloses a maintenance device for a turbine in order to remove at least one component of the turbine which is to be dismantled from its installation position.
  • the maintenance device comprises a lifting device with a beam, one end of which is fastened to the upper region of the outer flange of the turbine with a cylindrical fastening bolt and the other end of which is supported by two adjustable supports.
  • EP 2 900 615 A1 a device for installing and removing a component of a turbine comprising a rail system on which at least one runner is provided, which can be displaced along a predetermined displacement axis.
  • An adjustable load arm which is designed to form a detachable connection with the relevant component, is attached to the rotor.
  • the object of the present invention is to enable simple and secure assembly and / or disassembly of turbine components.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to attach a crane to a turbine housing directly or indirectly, then preferably via an adapter, and to transport turbine components for their assembly or disassembly to an installation position on the turbine or from a supported by the crane to transport such away.
  • Fastening the crane to the turbine housing according to the invention offers the advantage that the crane can be arranged particularly close to the assembly or disassembly position.
  • heavy counterweights at the foot of the crane can be dispensed with, since the turbine itself is the required counterweight, which is also sufficient for the transport of comparatively heavy components.
  • the crane used according to the invention is preferably a mobile crane which, due to its dimensions and weight, among other things, can be transported with little effort to a required location on a turbine if required.
  • the crane is one which has a tower and a boom attached to the tower in an articulated manner, which has proven to be particularly suitable. If this type of crane is used, the free end of the tower is preferably attached to the turbine housing. With the boom of the crane, different installation positions of turbine components can then be reached flexibly.
  • the height of the tower is expediently chosen so that the boom can reach over the rotor of the turbine.
  • the crane is fastened to the lower housing half in the area of the parting line, in particular in the open state of a turbine housing, which is divided into two parts by a parting joint that preferably runs at least substantially horizontally.
  • the crane is fastened to the turbine housing using at least one through-hole that is present in the turbine housing, in particular in the lower housing half in the area of the parting line. If one or more bores that are already present in the housing are used, it is not necessary to adapt the housing to carry out the method according to the invention and the effort is therefore particularly low.
  • those through-holes can be used for fastening the crane through which the joint bolts for the housing closure extend when the housing is closed.
  • the crane or an adapter connected to the crane has a cylindrical fastening bolt, the outer contour of which is adapted to the inner contour of a through-hole present in the turbine housing, in particular in the lower housing half in the area of the parting line, and the fastening bolt for fastening of the crane is inserted into the through hole and preferably fixed by means of at least one screw.
  • a fastening bolt has proven to be particularly suitable for temporarily and stably fastening a crane in a simple manner using a bore present in the housing, in particular in the area of the parting line of the lower housing half.
  • the fastening bolt and thus the crane can be fixed to the housing in the axial direction by means of the at least one screw.
  • a crane which has a tower and a boom articulated to the tower.
  • a cylindrical fastening bolt is provided on the free end of the tower or on an adapter fastened to the free end of the tower.
  • the fastening bolt is preferably designed and arranged on the tower or adapter to be connected or connected to the tower, that the longitudinal axis of the fastening bolt and the longitudinal axis of the tower run at least substantially parallel or lie on top of one another.
  • the crane is furthermore preferably fastened to the housing in such a way that its tower is oriented at least substantially perpendicularly.
  • a work platform can be temporarily provided, which at least one fitter can step onto in order to carry out assembly and / or disassembly work.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a working platform is attached to the housing, preferably at a distance of less than one meter from the crane, which a user can step on for the assembly and / or disassembly process.
  • the work platform is also preferably mounted on the lower half of a two-part turbine housing, in particular in the area of the parting line.
  • the invention also relates to an adapter according to claim 4.
  • the adapter according to the invention has a side which is adapted for fastening to the turbine housing and a side which is adapted for fastening to the crane.
  • the adapter offers the great advantage that a particularly mobile crane, which per se is not specially designed for fastening according to the invention to the turbine housing, can be connected to the housing in a simple manner.
  • the base plate can be removed from a mobile crane that has a tower, at the free end of which a base plate is screwed for a secure stand, for which through-holes and / or threaded bores are provided in the tower, and an adapter according to the invention can be used which Has through and / or threaded bores which correspond to those in the crane tower to be attached to the free end of the tower.
  • the adapter according to the invention comprises a crane-side base plate defining the crane-side stop surface and a housing-side base plate defining the housing-side stop surface, which are connected to one another.
  • the base plate on the crane side and on the housing side extend in particular at least substantially parallel to one another.
  • the means for fastening to the housing preferably comprise a cylindrical fastening bolt protruding from the base plate on the housing side.
  • the fastening bolt is adapted to a through-hole which is already present in a turbine housing, in particular the lower housing half in the area of the parting line, so that in the assembled state, when the crane is fastened to the housing via this, it sits positively in the hole.
  • the outer diameter of the fastening bolt of the adapter corresponds to the inner diameter of a through hole in the housing and preferably the length of the fastening bolt of the adapter corresponds to at least the axial extent of the bore.
  • the fastening bolt is furthermore preferably adapted to a through-hole through which the joint bolts extend in the closed state of the turbine housing, and thus preferably corresponds in shape to that of the joint bolts.
  • the means that the adapter according to the invention has for fastening to the crane preferably include through and / or threaded bores provided in the crane-side base plate, which in particular lead to through and / or threaded bores that are provided in the crane, preferably a tower of the crane, correspond.
  • a particularly cylindrical securing element projecting from the base plate on the housing side is provided according to the invention be.
  • This preferably has a smaller diameter and / or a smaller length than the cylindrical fastening bolt.
  • the securing element can in particular be designed and arranged in such a way that, when the adapter is installed, it engages in a recess, preferably a further through hole, present in the turbine housing, in particular the lower housing half in the area of the parting line.
  • the securing element is particularly preferably designed in such a way that, in the assembled state, it is seated with a positive fit in the recess, in particular a further through hole in the housing.
  • the shape and dimension of the fastening bolt as well as the shape, dimension and position of the securing element on the base plate are to be adapted to the design of the respective turbine housing, in particular to through bores provided in the turbine housing, preferably in the area of the parting line. If a crane is to be fastened according to the invention to a turbine housing by means of adapters on differently configured turbine housings, a specially adapted adapter with a suitable fastening bolt and in particular a securing element can be provided for each housing type.
  • a threaded bore for receiving a clamping screw is provided in the fastening bolt, in particular in its end face, the longitudinal axis of the threaded bore and the longitudinal axis of the fastening bolt preferably being oriented at least substantially parallel to one another.
  • the fastening bolt can be fixed in the axial direction in the assembled state by means of a screw screwed into the threaded hole. If the head of a screw used has a smaller diameter than the through hole, a washer can also continue to be used in a manner known per se.
  • the adapter according to the invention is characterized in that the base plate on the crane side and the base plate on the housing side are connected via a tubular connecting element.
  • the base plate on the housing side is then preferably fastened to one end face of the tubular connecting element and the base plate on the crane side is preferably fastened to the other end face.
  • the two base plates can also be connected to one another via stabilizing webs.
  • the tubular connecting element can for example be designed as a round or square tube.
  • at least one recess is also provided in the housing-side base plate, which preferably extends to the edge thereof.
  • the position and size of the recesses is to be adapted to the specific nature of the turbine housing to which the crane is to be attached, in particular to the number, size and position of non-removable elements.
  • the invention also relates to a system according to claim 8.
  • the crane of the system according to the invention comprises, in particular, a tower and a boom connected to the tower in an articulated manner, the boom preferably having several, in particular three, boom segments connected to one another in an articulated manner.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a receptacle for a turbine component provided on the crane, in particular on a boom of the crane.
  • the receptacle can be designed, for example, as a gripper or the like in order to be able to grip a turbine component to be assembled or disassembled.
  • the receptacle, in particular the gripper can be adapted to the turbine components to be assembled and / or disassembled.
  • a receptacle for example a gripper
  • the shape and / or dimensions of which is adapted to the shape and / or dimensions of the blades.
  • the gripper is then preferably designed in such a way that it can be used to clamp a turbine component over the inlet and outlet edges. Since the attachment point is preferably located above the center of gravity, a C-hook is used as a receptacle in a particularly preferred embodiment.
  • the Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a section of a turbine 1.
  • the turbine 1 comprises in a manner known per se a rotor and a two-part turbine housing, of which in FIG Figure 1 only the lower housing half 3 can be seen because the upper housing half is removed.
  • the rotor blades 4 are to be dismantled from the rotor of the turbine 1, which is done in the illustrated embodiment while performing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a mobile crane 5 was attached to the turbine housing in a first step.
  • the Figure 1 shows the crane 5 in the state already attached to the housing.
  • the mobile crane 5 comprises a tower 6 and an articulated boom 7 attached to the tower.
  • the boom 7 is divided into three segments 8, which are in turn articulated to one another, for greater flexibility with regard to the deflection.
  • a rope 9 is attached, the other end of which is connected to a receptacle for a turbine blade 4, which is given by a gripper that is only indicated schematically in the figures and that is a C-hook in the present case .
  • the crane 5, specifically that in FIG Figure 1 downwardly facing free end of the tower 6 of the crane 5 has been attached to the lower housing half 3 in the area of the horizontally extending parting line 11 of the turbine housing.
  • the tower 6 of the crane 5 is not connected directly to the lower housing half 3, but via an adapter 12 according to the invention.
  • FIGS Figures 4 to 9 An enlarged view of the adapter 12 connecting the tower 6 of the crane 5 to the lower housing half 3 of the turbine 1 can be seen in FIG Figure 2 can be removed. Further enlarged representations in different views and sectional representations of the adapter 12 can be found in FIGS Figures 4 to 9 emerged.
  • the adapter 12 has a crane-side stop surface 13 that faces the crane 5 during its assembly and a housing-side stop surface 14 that faces the lower housing half 3 of the turbine 1 during its assembly Housing-side base plate 16 defining stop surface 14.
  • Crane-side base plate 15 is characterized by a square shape and housing-side base plate 16 by a round shape.
  • the housing-side base plate 16 is at the illustrated embodiment formed by two superposed partial plates, which, as from the Figures 6 and 8th shown, are connected to one another by means of screws 23.
  • two recesses 17 are provided which extend to the edge of the base plate 16. This creates space for non-removable elements that can or are present on the lower housing half 3 in the area of the parting line 11. For example, there may be heads of mounted screws or the free ends of mounted threaded rods and / or nuts, which for reasons of stability may not be dismantled.
  • the two base plates 15, 16 are connected via a tubular connecting element 18, on one end of which the housing-side base plate 16 is attached and on the other end of which the crane-side base plate 15 is attached, and via four stabilizing webs 19, which are oriented along the diagonals through the square crane-side base plate 15 are connected to each other.
  • the tubular connecting element 18 is distinguished, as in FIG Figure 4 recognizable by a square cross-section.
  • the two base plates 15, 16 also extend at least substantially parallel to one another.
  • the adapter 12 has, on the one hand, means for fastening to the lower housing half 3, which in the present case comprise a cylindrical fastening bolt 20 protruding from the housing-side base plate 16, and also on the other hand, means for fastening to the crane 5, which in the present case comprise four threaded bores 21 provided in the base plate 15 on the crane side.
  • the four threaded holes 21 are, like also the Figure 4 removable, arranged in the four corners of the base plate 15 on the crane side.
  • Your drilling pattern corresponds to that of four through-holes which are provided on the tower 6 of the crane 5, specifically in a base plate of the crane 5 provided at the free end of the tower 6 (cf. Figure 2 ).
  • the means of the adapter 12 for fastening to the crane 5 furthermore comprise four screws 23, which each extend through a through hole in the base plate and are screwed into a corresponding threaded hole 21 in the crane-side base plate 15. In this way the adapter 12 is connected to the tower 6 of the crane 5 in a stable releasable manner.
  • the attachment of the adapter 12 to the lower housing half 3 is in the illustrated embodiment via the particular Figure 4 achieved removable cylindrical fastening bolt 20, which protrudes from the housing-side base plate 16, specifically from that side of the latter which defines the housing-side stop surface 14.
  • the outer contour of the fastening bolt 20 is adapted to the inner contour of a through-hole in the lower housing half 3 in the area of the parting line 11, through which the parting joint bolts for connecting the two housing halves extend when the turbine housing is closed.
  • the means of the adapter 12 for fastening to the housing include, in addition to the cylindrical fastening bolt 20, one in the fastening bolt 20, specifically in its free end face 24, which is in the Figures 4 , 6th , 7th and 9 pointing downwards, provided threaded hole 21, a screw 23 and a washer 25 (cf. Figure 9 ).
  • the longitudinal axis of the threaded hole 21 and the longitudinal axis of the fastening bolt 20 lie on top of one another.
  • the adapter 12 furthermore comprises a cylindrical securing element 26 protruding from the base plate 16 on the housing side, which, as in particular in FIG Figure 4 recognizable, has a smaller diameter and a smaller length than the cylindrical fastening bolt 20.
  • the securing element 26 is designed and arranged in such a way that, in the assembled state of the adapter 12, it is inserted into a recess present in the lower housing half 3 in the area of the joint 11, in this case further Through hole engages.
  • the securing element 26 is designed in such a way that, in the assembled state, it is seated with a positive fit in the further through hole.
  • the securing element 26, as in FIG Figure 7 recognizable inserted into an opening provided in the housing-side base plate 16 and has a head area of larger diameter for axial fixation.
  • the fastening bolt 20 was inserted into the through-hole in the area of the parting line 11 from the top thereof, and the screw 23 with a washer 25 on it was inserted into the threaded hole 21 from the underside of the through-hole screwed into the fastening bolt 20.
  • a working platform 27 has been attached to the turbine housing, specifically the lower housing half 3 in the area of the parting line 11, which a fitter can enter to carry out blade dismantling work and the crane 5 via a not shown in the figures provided on the crane 5 Control unit.
  • a rotor blade 4 To dismantle a rotor blade 4, it is first brought into the 12 o'clock position by positioning the rotor of the turbine 1 accordingly. A blade 4 in this position can Figure 1 can be removed. The boom 7 of the crane 5 is then brought into position by a fitter standing on the work platform 27 in such a way that the free end of the boom 7 is at least approximately above the moving blade 4 to be removed, as shown in FIG Figure 1 is shown. The rotor blade 4 is gripped by means of the gripper attached to the rope 9 and brought out of the installation position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
EP18702064.9A 2017-01-11 2018-01-08 Verfahren zur montage und/oder demontage von komponenten einer ein turbinengehäuse aufweisenden turbine sowie adapter und system zur verwendung in dem verfahren Active EP3538745B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017200367.7A DE102017200367A1 (de) 2017-01-11 2017-01-11 Verfahren zur Montage und/oder Demontage von Komponenten einer ein Turbinengehäuse aufweisenden Turbine, Adapter und System zur Verwendung in dem Verfahren sowie Verwendung eines Adapters
PCT/EP2018/050323 WO2018130479A1 (de) 2017-01-11 2018-01-08 Verfahren zur montage und/oder demontage von komponenten einer ein turbinengehäuse aufweisenden turbine, adapter und system zur verwendung in dem verfahren sowie verwendung eines adapters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3538745A1 EP3538745A1 (de) 2019-09-18
EP3538745B1 true EP3538745B1 (de) 2021-02-24

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ID=61094397

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EP18702064.9A Active EP3538745B1 (de) 2017-01-11 2018-01-08 Verfahren zur montage und/oder demontage von komponenten einer ein turbinengehäuse aufweisenden turbine sowie adapter und system zur verwendung in dem verfahren

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11359514B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3538745B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR102319059B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110168201B (zh)
DE (1) DE102017200367A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2018130479A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017200367A1 (de) 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Montage und/oder Demontage von Komponenten einer ein Turbinengehäuse aufweisenden Turbine, Adapter und System zur Verwendung in dem Verfahren sowie Verwendung eines Adapters
FR3076236B1 (fr) * 2017-12-28 2019-12-06 Safran Aircraft Engines Outil de demontage d'une piece annulaire de turbomachine, procede de demontage et de reassemblage associes
CN113431703B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-07-12 中国航发动力股份有限公司 一种多层装配结构的复合装配方法

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GB2306155B (en) 1995-10-11 1997-11-19 Toshiba Kk Apparatus and method for disassembling and assembling gas turbine combuster
CN2274185Y (zh) * 1996-04-02 1998-02-11 湖南专用汽车制造厂 一种小型随车起重机
JP4245361B2 (ja) * 2003-01-24 2009-03-25 Ｉｈｉ建機株式会社 自走式タワークレーン
US8677591B2 (en) 2008-04-28 2014-03-25 General Electric Company Methods and system for disassembling a machine
US8757962B2 (en) * 2011-06-16 2014-06-24 General Electric Company System and method for adjusting a shroud block in a casing
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JP6082285B2 (ja) * 2013-03-14 2017-02-15 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 静翼環の取外・取付方法、及びこの方法に用いる静翼セグメントの補助支持装置
EP2990615A1 (de) 2014-08-26 2016-03-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung mit Lastarm zum Ein- und Ausbauen eines Bauteils einer Gasturbine
EP3023606A1 (de) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gasturbine mit Hebevorrichtung
CN204454285U (zh) * 2015-03-17 2015-07-08 温州瓯科科技有限公司 一种塔式起重机的稳固基座
CN104929237B (zh) * 2015-06-16 2016-12-21 广东生太修复科技有限公司 一种下水道污水处理装置
DE102017200367A1 (de) 2017-01-11 2018-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Montage und/oder Demontage von Komponenten einer ein Turbinengehäuse aufweisenden Turbine, Adapter und System zur Verwendung in dem Verfahren sowie Verwendung eines Adapters

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3538745A1 (de) 2019-09-18
WO2018130479A1 (de) 2018-07-19
CN110168201B (zh) 2022-01-25
US20190360361A1 (en) 2019-11-28
CN110168201A (zh) 2019-08-23
KR102319059B1 (ko) 2021-11-01
US11359514B2 (en) 2022-06-14
DE102017200367A1 (de) 2018-07-12
KR20190098264A (ko) 2019-08-21

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