EP3484979A1 - Verfahren zur beschichtung von stützmitteln - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beschichtung von stützmittelnInfo
- Publication number
- EP3484979A1 EP3484979A1 EP16740993.7A EP16740993A EP3484979A1 EP 3484979 A1 EP3484979 A1 EP 3484979A1 EP 16740993 A EP16740993 A EP 16740993A EP 3484979 A1 EP3484979 A1 EP 3484979A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactive
- resin
- resins
- proppant
- flowable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- -1 alkoxy-Si Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical compound [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004493 WACKER® AK 100 SILICONE FLUID Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OCBFFGCSTGGPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CC Chemical compound [CH2]CC OCBFFGCSTGGPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{1}-oxidanylethane Chemical compound CC[O] VOLGAXAGEUPBDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl Chemical compound C[C]=O TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013006 addition curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006701 autoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013005 condensation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical group O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical group O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
- C09K8/805—Coated proppants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/002—Hollow glass particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/30—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C09D161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for
- the fracking process is used in the extraction of oil and gas and is a method for the generation, widening and stabilization of cracks in the rock of a deposit in the deep underground, with the aim of increasing the permeability of
- uncoated proppants are brittle and do not have the necessary compressive strength for conveying at great depths.
- the breakage of the proppant under the high pressure fines are released, which clog the cracks and the oil or
- Supporting agents have improved resistance compared to the uncoated proppants.
- the effect of the coating e.g. with organic resins, but is limited by the fact that the available coatings themselves are very brittle and also tend to break or flake.
- WO2008088449 A2 discloses a possibility for reducing the brittleness of coatings of such particles, wherein
- thermosetting reactive resins such as epoxy resins with block copolymers and adhesion promoters so as to achieve an improvement in the impact resistance of the coating.
- coated particles improve the oil yield and reduce the amount of extracted water.
- Silicone resins make these particles expensive.
- a disadvantage is the complicated process.
- various resins such as phenolic resins are used, which contain, for example, as reinforcing fillers pyrogenic silicic acids.
- US5422183A discloses particles for use as support materials in fracking processes, which are also a two-layer
- US20140124200A discloses the use of hybrid materials made by chemically combining organic resins and silicone resins to coat support materials. Disadvantages here are the use of expensive silicone resins and the difficult-to-control product quality in the reaction of two branched polymers. Furthermore, the prior art methods are general
- W02010060861A1 describes, for example, a homogeneous reaction resin that improves the
- thermoset plastic shows fracture toughness and impact resistance as cured thermoset plastic.
- the reactive hybrid resin (Z) is prepared by the following reaction: (A) 80-99.5% by weight of at least one reactive resin, and
- (B) has at least 3 consecutive Si-O units
- (B) has at least one radical R which is suitable to react with (A) to form a covalent bond
- (B) is in flowable form at 20 ° C, or by melting in a temperature range up to 250 ° C is melted and thereby in a flowable
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) must form a solid, non-tacky coating at ambient temperatures. This is
- the coating can be essentially
- Coating can also be only partially cured or provided with other reactive groups, so that a
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) can either be used during the
- Coating the proppant particles are completely cured or only partially cured.
- Supporting agents with only partially hardened coating harden only after the
- Suitable reaction resins (A) according to the invention are all polymeric or oligomeric organic compounds which are provided with a sufficient number of suitable reactive groups for a curing reaction. All are in the state of the art known reaction resins suitable, which can be processed into thermosets, regardless of the respective
- Crosslinking mechanism which takes place in the curing of the respective reaction resin. Basically, they can be divided into three groups according to the type of
- Reaction resins (A) are preferably one or more
- Epoxy resins, urethane resins and / or air-drying alkyd resins are selected as the starting material. Epoxy and urethane resins are usually made by adding stoichiometric amounts of a
- Crosslinking agent containing hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl or carboxylic anhydride groups, wherein the curing reaction takes place by addition of the oxirane or isocyanate groups of the resin to the corresponding groups of the curing agent.
- the so-called catalytic curing by polyaddition of the oxirane groups themselves is also possible.
- Air-drying alkyd resins crosslink by autoxidation with atmospheric oxygen. Also
- addition-curing silicone resins are known, preferably those with the proviso that no further free silanes are included.
- Examples of the second group of the polycondensation-crosslinked reaction resins (A) are preferable
- aromatic compounds such as phenol, resorcinol, cresol, etc., furan resins, saturated polyester resins, and
- condensation-curing silicone resins are usually carried out by increasing the temperature with elimination of water, low molecular weight alcohols or other low molecular weight compounds.
- the third group of reaction resins crosslinked by free-radical polymerization comprises one or more homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid or their esters, and also unsaturated polyester resins,
- initiators compounds capable of forming free radicals, e.g.
- High-energy radiation such as UV or electron radiation, is possible.
- reaction resins (A) but also all others which are suitable for the production of thermosetting plastics, can be modified in the manner proposed according to the invention and can be obtained according to
- thermosets with significantly improved resistance to breakage and impact, while leaving other essential properties, such as strength, heat resistance and chemical resistance, which are characteristic of the thermosets, essentially unaffected.
- the preferred reactive resins (A) are by:
- These reactive resins (A) include thermosetting resole-type phenol resins and phenolic novolac resins which can be made heat-reactive by adding catalyst and formaldehyde.
- Particularly preferred reactive resins (A) are phenol novolak resins. These are available for example from Plastics
- Hexamethylenetetramine is the preferred material as (C) for this function because it serves as both a catalyst and a source of formaldehyde.
- (A) is used for reaction with (B) in amounts of 80-99.5 wt .-%. Preferably in amounts of 88-99 wt .-% and
- the preferred reactive resins (A) are at 20 ° C in
- the linear or cyclic organopolysiloxane (B) has
- Linear or cyclic (B) may be slightly branched or slightly bridged by an organic radical.
- Branching sites per molecule is preferably 4 4, preferably 2 2, more preferably 1 1, very particularly preferably ⁇ 1,
- (B) is preferably a linear organopolysiloxane.
- the average number of Si atoms per molecule (B) is preferably less than 1000, preferably less than 200.
- (B) is used for the reaction with (A) in amounts of 0.5-20 wt .-%. Preferably from 1-12 wt .-% and in particular
- (B) is in a flowable form at 20 ° C, or is meltable by heating in a temperature range up to 250 ° C, and thereby can be made into a flowable form.
- Organopolysiloxane (B) selected so that it has appropriate reactive radicals R 1 according to the nature of the crosslinking mechanism. Those skilled in the art are suitable radicals R 1 for
- Polycondensation crosslinking reactive resins (A) can be used.
- nucleophilic groups in R 1 are -SH, -OH and - (NH) -, preferably - (NH) - and -OH, more preferably -OH.
- suitable electrophilic groups in R are known to the person skilled in the art. These are preferably epoxide, anhydride, acid halide, carbonyl, carboxy, alkoxy, alkoxy, Si, halogen or isocyanate groups. Preferred are epoxy, anhydride, carbonyl, alkoxy, carboxy, more preferably epoxy, alkoxy and anhydride.
- Preferred reactive radicals R 1 are anhydrides, such as
- Maleic anhydride group or the succinic anhydride group in particular bonded via a propyl radical or an undecyl radical.
- R 1 are epoxy radicals of the following formulas (VI) and (VII)
- R 2 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10
- Ether oxygen atom may be interrupted
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent one
- Preferred epoxy radicals are the glycidoxypropyl radical and the 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl radical.
- R 1 are amino radicals of the general formula (VIII)
- Hydrocarbon radical having 3 to 18 carbon atoms preferably an alkylene radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, means
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8
- R 8 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6
- Carbon atoms preferably an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 1.
- Further preferred reactive radicals R are polyether radicals of the general formula (IX)
- u is 0 or an integer from 1 to 16, preferably 1 to 4,
- v is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25, and
- w is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25,
- x is 0 or an integer from 1 to 35, preferably 1 to 25
- Copolymer may be block copolymers or
- Graftcopolymere be.
- suitable organic parts include, but are not limited to, polycaprolactone, polyesters, polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polymethyl methacrylates.
- the organic part is preferably a (co) polymer
- Vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or aliphatic polyester Particularly preferred is polycaprolactone.
- the block copolymers contain a siloxane unit having a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 g / mol, preferably 1,500-5,000 g / mol, more preferably 2,000-4,000 g / mol.
- radicals are alkoxy radicals, in particular Si-bonded alkoxy radicals, such as the methoxy radical and the ethoxy radical, hydroxy radicals, in particular the 3-hydroxypropyl radical, anhydride radicals, such as the succinic anhydride, in particular bound via a Propyl radical or an undecyl radical, amino Radicals, in particular the 3-aminopropyl and the (2-aminoethyl) - 3-aminopropyl radical, polyether radicals, epoxy radicals, in particular preferably the glycidoxypropyl radical and the 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl radical, and organic Polymer residues, particularly preferably a polycaprolactone residue.
- alkoxy radicals in particular Si-bonded alkoxy radicals, such as the methoxy radical and the ethoxy radical
- hydroxy radicals in particular the 3-hydroxypropyl radical
- anhydride radicals such as the succinic anhydride, in particular bound via a Prop
- radicals R 1 are organic hydroxy radicals, in particular the 3-hydroxypropyl radical or polyether radicals, epoxy radicals, in particular the glycidoxypropyl and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylethyl radical; wherein epoxy radicals and polyether radicals are very particularly preferred and epoxy radicals
- a suitable catalyst is also used to accelerate the reaction of (A) with (B).
- catalysts suitable for the person skilled in the art have long been known.
- reaction of (A) with (B) can be carried out with or without solvent.
- suitable solvents are known to the person skilled in the art and are selected as a function of the reactive resin (A).
- suitable solvents are, for example
- Reactive resins are suitable, is described for example in the following textbook: Polymer Handbook. Volume 2, 4 Ed .; J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut, E.A. Grulke; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999 (ISBN 0-471-48172-6).
- Suitable mixers are, for example, laboratory stirrers,
- Heating to 250 ° C was made fluid, or with (A), which was dissolved in a suitable solvent, mixed and then with or without addition of a
- Supporting agents with the reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention are used.
- a suitable proppant such as sand is preheated to about 170-260 ° C. In a mixer is then the
- suitable hardener (C) and optionally various additives (D) are added.
- inventive reactive hybrid resin (Z) and possibly reactive resin (A) this layer is first partially or completely cured. Subsequently, a new layer of the
- Reactive hybrid resin (Z) according to the invention and possibly.
- Suitable proppants are those skilled in the art from the
- Supporting agents are usually hard, high-strength particles such as sand or gravel Rocks such as limestone, marble, dolomite, granite, etc., but also glass beads, ceramic particles, ceramic balls and
- the proppant particles have a substantially spherical, ie spherical shape, since they leave enough space for the crude oil or gas
- sand is particularly preferably used as a proppant.
- the proppant particles have an average size of 5000 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably one
- Suitable curing agents are known to the skilled person from the prior art for a long time and are selected according to the reactive resin used.
- a preferred novolak curing agent (C) is urotropin. (C) and thus also urotropin is typically used in amounts of between 8 and 20% by weight, based on the amount of reactive hybrid resin (Z) according to the invention and any reactive resin (A) present.
- urotropin is applied as an aqueous solution to the melt of the
- Reactive resin applied Such methods are also known to those skilled in the art and described for example in US4732920.
- Suitable additives (D) have also long been known to the person skilled in the art. Non-exhaustive examples are anti-static agents, release agents, adhesion promoters, etc. Suitable proppants, hardeners (C) and additives (D) are described for example in US4732920 and US2007 / 0036977 AI.
- the type and specification of the proppant for optimum performance of the proppant coated according to the invention, the type and specification of the proppant, type and specification of the reactive hybrid resin (Z), reactive resin (A), organopolysiloxane (B), hardener (C) and optionally additives (D), the type of mixing - And coating process, the order of addition of the components and the mixing times depending on
- a change in the proppant may require an adjustment of the coating process and / or the hardener used (C) and additives (D).
- C hardener used
- D additives
- the surface of the proppant may be wholly or partially coated. Preferably appear in the investigation with the
- Reactive hybrid resin (Z) and possibly reactive resin (A) coated more preferably at least 50%.
- the essential part of the coating on the proppant according to the invention is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ thick, preferably 0.1 to 30 ⁇ , more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ .
- the reactive hybrid resin (Z) according to the invention is preferably used in amounts of 0.1-20% by weight, based on the weight of the
- Supporting agent used Preferably from 0.5-10% by weight and more preferably from 1-5% by weight.
- Another object of the present invention is the
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention are significantly cheaper to produce, since relatively inexpensive silicone oils are used as the raw material, instead of expensive silicone resins.
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention have improved flow properties in coating processes. This will coat surfaces more evenly. It can be
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention show advantages in the coating of proppants, in that the scrap noticeably by gluing the coated proppant
- the cured reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention have improved toughness, elasticity and ductility at the same hardness. This makes it more resistant
- the reactive hybrid resins (Z) according to the invention have as
- Coating has a reduced tendency to break
- Supporting agent more resistant to stress such as
- Another advantage of the coating according to the invention lies in its deformability, so that it often does not break even when breaking the brittle proppant grains themselves and thus encloses or holds together the resulting fines such as a plastic shell and thus their total release
- silicone oil 2 an a, co-functional silicone oil having about 40-60 Si-O units and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylpropyl terminal groups
- SIPELL® RE 63 F a polydimethylsiloxane having glycidoxypropylmethylsiloxy units and about 100-160 Si-O units;
- silicone oil 3 (a trimethylsiloxy end-capped polydimethylsiloxane having about 75-85 Si-O units consisting of dimethylsiloxy units and an average of 2.5 glycidoxypropylmethylsiloxy units and an average of 2.5
- silicone oil 4 an a, co-functional silicone oil having about 15-20 Si-O units and hydroxy (polyethyleneoxy) end groups of about 10
- WACKER® AK 100 SILICONOEL has no functional groups that are suitable for use with the reactive resin
- the oil does not form a stable mixture with the reactive resin and is not suitable for the application.
- a stable mixture is characterized in that when the mixture is stored in liquid form within two weeks no separation by formation of a second phase is observed.
- the phenol resin is stored at 140 ° C under nitrogen.
- silicone oil 1 an a, co-functional silicone oil having about 10-18 Si-O units and hydroxypropyl end groups; viscosity
- silicone oil 1 an a, co-functional silicone oil having about 10-18 Si-O units and hydroxypropyl end groups; viscosity
- no oxalic acid was added and stirred for a total of only 10 minutes at 140 ° C before the hot mass has been poured onto PTFE film and crushed.
- Silicone oil 1 has functional groups that would be able to react chemically with the reactive resin
- Oxalic acid as a catalyst becomes a chemical reaction
- SIPELL® RE 63 F a polydimethylsiloxane having glycidoxypropylmethylsiloxy units and about 100-160 Si-O units; viscosity
- SIPELL® RE 63 F has functional groups that would be suitable for reacting with the reactive resin in a chemical reaction
- Oxalic acid as a catalyst becomes a chemical reaction
- Non-modified novolak "Resin 14772” (Plastics Engineering Company, Sheboygan, USA) serves as Comparative Example C4.
- WACKER® FINISH WT 1650 has functional groups that would be suitable for reacting with the reactive resin in a chemical reaction.
- the short mixing time compared to Example 6 prevents a chemical reaction.
- the result is a purely physical, non-inventive mixture of
- Hybrid resin differs according to Example 6.
- the physical mixture according to Comparative Example C5 separated after 2 weeks storage at 140 ° C and is therefore not suitable for the application.
- Table 1 shows the comparative data of the modified
- Example 9 For curing, the samples were placed in a cold oven, heated to 160 ° C with rinsing with nitrogen within 3 hours, kept at this temperature for 2 h and cooled to 23 ° C overnight. After evaporation of the solvent, an approximately 50 ⁇ thick cured resin layer is formed on the plate.
- Coating be considered in isolated form. One receives a statement to the elasticity, impact resistance and
- Comparative Examples An approximately 50 ⁇ thick, cured layer of the unmodified resin Resin 14772 (Plastics Engineering Company, Sheboygan, USA) and the non-inventive resins of Comparative Examples V2 and V5.
- the coated ones
- Sheets were tested on an Erichsen ball impact tester, Model 304-ASTM, and the results were visually evaluated by a trained examiner.
- variable drop height a ball dropped on the back of the sheet (each double tests at different location). The impact energy results from the fall height
- Impact energy is changed as follows: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 (in x lbs).
- the dentate impact sites are visually inspected for cracks and cracks and rated relative to the reference.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation of the resin coating on Q-PANEL test panels and their resistance by means of ball impact tester.
- Example 10 which was not modified according to the invention, in which the WACKER® FINISH WT 1650 organopolysiloxane is not chemically bound to the reactive resin (A) in contrast to the inventively modified resin from Example 6, no improvement in the toughness was observed.
- Comparative Example C5 which was not modified according to the invention, in which the WACKER® FINISH WT 1650 organopolysiloxane is not chemically bound to the reactive resin (A) in contrast to the inventively modified resin from Example 6, no improvement in the toughness was observed.
- Table 4 shows the evaluation of the coating quality of
- Reactive resin composition causes a more uniform and effective coating of the surface of the proppant.
- Proppants The pressure stability of the coated proppant according to
- Example 10 was investigated according to DIN EN ISO 13503-2 at 14000 PSI. The result is shown in Table 5.
- Table 5 shows the relative amount of fines formed after pressure treatment relative to the fracking sand coated with Resin 14772 non-inventive, unmodified resin (Plastics Engineering Company, Sheboygan, USA)
- Comparative Example V4 It is completely surprising that 8-15% less fines are formed in the coated proppants coated according to the invention, compared to non-modified coated proppants. Not that one
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Abstract
Description
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US (1) | US20190233720A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3484979A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190018491A (de) |
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US4732920A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1988-03-22 | Graham John W | High strength particulates |
US5422183A (en) | 1993-06-01 | 1995-06-06 | Santrol, Inc. | Composite and reinforced coatings on proppants and particles |
US7135231B1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2006-11-14 | Fairmont Minerals, Ltd. | Process for incremental coating of proppants for hydraulic fracturing and proppants produced therefrom |
WO2008088449A2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2008-07-24 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | A new coating composition for proppant and the method of making the same |
CN101586024A (zh) | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-25 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | 采油用覆膜颗粒、压裂支撑剂及采油方法 |
DE102008044199A1 (de) | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Siloxan-Mischungen enthaltende Epoxidharze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE102008044396A1 (de) * | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-10 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Hochhydrophobe Beschichtungen |
US9725645B2 (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2017-08-08 | Preferred Technology, Llc | Proppant with composite coating |
US9297244B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2016-03-29 | Self-Suspending Proppant Llc | Self-suspending proppants for hydraulic fracturing comprising a coating of hydrogel-forming polymer |
US9803131B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2017-10-31 | Wacker Chemical Corporation | Oil and gas well proppants of silicone-resin-modified phenolic resins |
CN103849370B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-04-06 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | 一种压裂支撑剂及其制备方法 |
CN103849116B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | 一种疏水性树脂组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN103849374B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-01-25 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | 一种压裂支撑剂及其制备方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-07-13 WO PCT/EP2016/066681 patent/WO2018010788A1/de unknown
- 2016-07-13 CN CN201680087539.2A patent/CN109476985A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-07-13 EP EP16740993.7A patent/EP3484979A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-07-13 US US16/317,701 patent/US20190233720A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-07-13 KR KR1020197001089A patent/KR20190018491A/ko active Search and Examination
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KR20190018491A (ko) | 2019-02-22 |
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