EP3464089A1 - AUSGIEßELEMENT FÜR EINE VERBUNDPACKUNG SOWIE VERBUNDPACKUNG MIT EINEM AUSGIEßELEMENT - Google Patents
AUSGIEßELEMENT FÜR EINE VERBUNDPACKUNG SOWIE VERBUNDPACKUNG MIT EINEM AUSGIEßELEMENTInfo
- Publication number
- EP3464089A1 EP3464089A1 EP17721391.5A EP17721391A EP3464089A1 EP 3464089 A1 EP3464089 A1 EP 3464089A1 EP 17721391 A EP17721391 A EP 17721391A EP 3464089 A1 EP3464089 A1 EP 3464089A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pouring
- cutting element
- pouring element
- rib
- guide means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012371 Aseptic Filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/72—Contents-dispensing means
- B65D5/74—Spouts
- B65D5/746—Spouts formed separately from the container
- B65D5/747—Spouts formed separately from the container with means for piercing or cutting the container wall or a membrane connected to said wall
- B65D5/748—Spouts formed separately from the container with means for piercing or cutting the container wall or a membrane connected to said wall a major part of the container wall or membrane being left inside the container after the opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
- B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
- B65D51/22—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
- B65D51/221—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening
- B65D51/226—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being non integral with, or not fixedly attached to, the outer closure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pouring element for a composite package, in particular for a beverage carton for liquid food, comprising a base body having a mounting flange and a pouring spout, a cutting element arranged and guided in Ausg discernubus, Ausg discernubus formed in the first guide means and formed on the cutting element second guide means, wherein the first and second guide means cooperate correspondingly and a composite package, in particular a beverage carton for liquid
- beverage cartons consist of various packaging materials, such as paper and plastics, which form a package laminate over the entire surface and printed.
- the layer structure can vary depending on the requirements, for example, for aseptic filling goods additionally
- the actual forming and filling of the packaging and sealing to a pack is done in a packaging machine, which is often referred to as a form / fill / seal machine based on their main functions.
- the contents are mainly liquid foods such as drinks, Soups or yoghurt in question. Also conceivable are stacked, pasty or lumpy products or the like.
- Packages of the type mentioned are sometimes also provided with pouring elements. These enable the consumer in addition to a controlled pouring usually also a reclosure option. Not infrequently and predominantly with aseptic application is also provided a Clearö Stammsfunktion for the pack.
- the previously gas-tight sealed package is first separated. This can be done, for example, by means of a pull-ring or “lug” or also by a piercing and / or cutting device Such piercing and / or cutting devices are often in the form of sleeve-like cutting elements
- Screws are coupled, so that by means of the rotary operation of the screw cap, the package is cut simultaneously.
- European application EP 1 396 435 A1 shows a three-part pouring element.
- the main body, screw cap and cutting sleeve are first manufactured individually by injection molding and result in a functional pouring spout, which can be permanently connected via a mounting flange on the main body with a filled, composite package described above.
- the cutting element moves in the direction of a weakened section specially provided in the composite pack and separates it by a plurality of cutting teeth.
- the polyethylene film extends in the length without separating, which ends in a poor or incomplete opening result, so that the product can not pour out in the required manner Tooth geometry is intended to remedy the problem Furthermore, such parts are relatively complex to manufacture, for example
- Thread-locking cuts complicate the removal of the molded parts on the injection molding machine.
- the invention enables a staggered kinematics of the cutting element. This is first fed purely axially and thus pierced the composite pack by a combined piercing and cutting member. This is followed by a pure rotation that allows the organ to be cut exclusively.
- Patent application WO 2009/068671 AI has proposed a one-piece production of base element, cutting element and screw cap.
- the cutting element is already essentially formed in its original position in the tube of the base element and the screw cap is connected to the base element via a connecting strap. For assembly, it is sufficient to bounce the injection-molded parts. If the consumer now wants to remove the product of the composite package, he presses the Screw cap of the now applied to a said composite spout and the first time breaks through the connecting tab (this also serves as a seal of authenticity) and sets the cutting element in motion.
- the kinematics of the cutting element results from the in the pouring tube
- the first guide means is formed by a circumferential and self-contained rib. Such a rib allows one
- Torques of the cutting process can not escape from its forced operation, since this has no limiting ends.
- a circumferential rib avoids undercuts (as in threads), so that regularly in the
- Packaging material weakening and such a pouring element is positioned and permanently connected such that the first time pressing the pouring element, the cutting element in the direction of the packing material weakening movable and this is so severable that the composite package is ready for emptying.
- Pouring element and composite packing are always close together
- a further teaching of the invention provides that the rib for the initial position of the cutting element has at least one high plateau section. Such a high plateau allows a secure retention of the cutting element until the first opening of the composite package. However, this is necessary because otherwise there would be a risk that the composite package prematurely undergoes damage and no longer tight, which could spoil the content prematurely.
- the rib for the end position of the cutting ring on at least one Tiefplateauabites is provided.
- Cutting elements in the end position serve for safety, since the cutting element under no circumstances can be freed from the end position and, in particular, must not fall into the product. For example, if the cutting element by a
- rib has different slopes for different movements of the cutting element and / or that the rib another plateau for a pure
- the rib between high and low plateau portion has a fall-out section for the cutting element.
- a supplementary section completely closes the rib and provides additional security against falling out of the cutting element.
- the second guide means are formed by arranged over the circumference of the cutting element cams. Such cams run along the first guide means to stop. Local cams, despite their material-saving construction (as opposed to webs) can fully fulfill their intended function.
- the second guide means are formed as pairs of cams, possibly as three pairs of cams over the circumference of
- Cutting elements are arranged distributed. Such cam pairs include the rib of the first guide means. This allows an additional limitation of the degrees of freedom of the positive guidance, so that it becomes safer and more accurate. If three cam pairs are arranged distributed over the circumference of the cutting element, an optimal compromise between material consumption and guiding function is found.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one cam comes into contact with the rib via a rounded contour. Such rounding is able to gently follow varying slopes and different portions of the rib of the first guide means without jamming or creating large torques.
- the cutting element can be driven via drive flanks formed on the closure cap, which act on drive elements arranged on the cutting element.
- the first-opening rotary movement can be used to drive the cutting element ("single-action"). If the drive is realized by flanks (on the cap) and webs (on the cutting ring), a particularly advantageous coupling is created. According to a particular embodiment of the invention is the
- Fig. L a composite package according to the invention with pouring element in
- Fig. 3 shows the main body of the pouring element of Fig. 2 in perspective
- Fig. 4 shows the main body of Fig. 3 in a vertical section along the line
- Fig. 5 shows the main body of Fig. 3 in a vertical section along the
- FIG. 7 is a pair of guide cam of the cutting element of FIG. 6 in detail view and Fig. 8, the closure cap of the pouring element of FIG. 2 in perspective
- Composite package P shows this as a beverage carton.
- the composite package P consists of a packing material which forms a packing laminate from a sequence of surface-bonded materials: a cardboard carrier layer is laminated on both sides with polymer layers and an additional aluminum layer shields the product of the composite package P against undesired environmental influences (light, oxygen).
- the composite package P provides a packing gable panel 1 in the head area, onto which a pouring element A according to the invention is also applied and permanently attached.
- a packing material weakening region-here covered by the pouring element A- is severed and thus the composite pack P, which is thus ready for emptying, is opened for the first time.
- This weakening range is executed in the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment as an over-coated hole, which in the
- Production is formed: the cardboard carrier layer is punched out a hole, so that after their coating, a local weakening occurs.
- FIG. 2 shows the pouring element A according to the invention, the parts of which are manufactured individually by injection molding (assembled): a basic body 2, a cutting element 3 (shown in FIG.
- Closure cap 4 The now functioning pouring element A is then applied via a mounting flange 5 on the composite package P and permanently connected by means of hot melt adhesive.
- closure cap 4 If the closure cap 4 is actuated by the consumer for the first time, the unscrewing movement of the closure cap 4 is transferred to that guided in the base body 2 Cutting element 3, which separates the composite package P in the weakening. Through the opening thus created can then pour out the product.
- the base body 2 which consists of a Ausg discernubus 6 in addition to the mounting flange 5.
- the cutting element 3 is arranged in the pouring tube 6 and formed on the inner wall of the Ausg discernubus first guide means 7 and thus
- the first guide means 7 are formed by a circumferential and self-contained rib 9.
- Figures 4 and 5 show the vertically cut halves of the base body 2 with the respective inner wall of the pouring tube 6, on which the course of the projecting rib 9 is visible.
- the rib 9 has a high plateau section 10 in the upper area, which forms the guide section for the starting position of the cutting element 3. Now, when the cutting element 3 is set in motion, this follows the first guide means 7, and is moved from the high plateau section 10 over a variable in pitch section to a deep plateau section 11, where the end position of the cutting element 3 is reached. Between high plateau section 10 and deep plateau section 11 of the actual opening process of
- the separating elements 12 (see Figure 6) which are formed at the end of the cutting element 3 pierce and cut the composite packing P in the area of the over-coated hole 13.
- a further plateau 13 is formed on the rib 9 between the high 10 and deep plateau sections 11 which causes a pure rotation of the cutting element 3, whereby the separating members 12 cut the over-coated hole instead of piercing over this area. If the cutting element 3 has reached its end position, it is to be locked in this end position.This, however, prevents unwanted loosening, is the Rib 9 between its plateau section 10 and plateau section 11 as a
- Fail-safe portion 14 is formed.
- cutting element 3 is shown as a single part.
- the mentioned second guide means 8 are realized as cams 15, the pairwise the first
- FIG. 1 A detailed view of such a cam pair 16 can be seen in FIG.
- the lower cam 15, which comes into contact with the underside of the rib 9, is partially shaped as a rounded contour 17, so that different sections of the rib 9 are passed through as smoothly as possible.
- Figure 8 shows the cap 4 as a single part.
- Driving flanks 18 are formed on the inner surface of the cover surface and act on drive elements 19 projecting on the inside of the cutting element 3 (see FIG. 6), which are designed as webs.
- the cap 4 is coupled to the cutting element 3 and the desired force and torque transmission can take place.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL17721391T PL3464089T3 (pl) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-05-05 | Element do wylewania dla opakowania laminatowego oraz opakowanie laminatowe z elementem do wylewania |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016110047.1A DE102016110047B3 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Ausgießelement für eine Verbundpackung sowie Verbundpackung mit einem Ausgießelement |
EP16020202.4A EP3251964A1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-06-01 | Ausgiesselement für eine verbundpackung sowie verbundpackung mit einem ausgiesselement |
PCT/EP2017/060755 WO2017207213A1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-05-05 | AUSGIEßELEMENT FÜR EINE VERBUNDPACKUNG SOWIE VERBUNDPACKUNG MIT EINEM AUSGIEßELEMENT |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3464089A1 true EP3464089A1 (de) | 2019-04-10 |
EP3464089B1 EP3464089B1 (de) | 2020-06-24 |
Family
ID=58546083
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16020202.4A Withdrawn EP3251964A1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-06-01 | Ausgiesselement für eine verbundpackung sowie verbundpackung mit einem ausgiesselement |
EP17721391.5A Active EP3464089B1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-05-05 | Ausgiesselement für eine verbundpackung sowie verbundpackung mit einem ausgiesselement |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16020202.4A Withdrawn EP3251964A1 (de) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-06-01 | Ausgiesselement für eine verbundpackung sowie verbundpackung mit einem ausgiesselement |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10597190B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3251964A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7126455B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN109219562B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112018073597B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016110047B3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2806377T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL3464089T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017207213A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2967986T3 (es) * | 2018-07-23 | 2024-05-06 | Sig Services Ag | Envase de material compuesto que comprende un orificio elíptico revestido |
BR112022005864A2 (pt) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-06-21 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Conjunto de fechos para um recipiente, e, recipiente para um produto despejável |
JP7290538B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-15 | 2023-06-13 | 株式会社 資生堂 | 注出キャップ |
EP4166473A1 (de) * | 2020-10-05 | 2023-04-19 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Verschlussanordnung für einen behälter und behälter mit einer verschlussanordnung |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1290079B1 (it) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-10-19 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Dispositivo di apertura richiudibile per confezioni per prodotti alimentari versabili |
WO2002028728A1 (de) | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-11 | Terxo Ag | Verschliessvorrichtung aus kunststoff mit durchstosser |
ES2270005T3 (es) * | 2002-05-31 | 2007-04-01 | Sig Technology Ltd. | Cierre de abertura automatica para envases compuestos o para bocas de recipientes obturados con una pelicula. |
ES2261936T3 (es) * | 2002-06-20 | 2006-11-16 | Sig Technology Ltd. | Cierre autoabridor para envases combinados o para boquillas de recipientes o botellas a cerrar con ayuda de un material en laminas. |
DE60209689T2 (de) * | 2002-09-09 | 2006-10-05 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Verschliessbare Öffnungsvorrichtung für Packungen für fliessfähige Nahrungsmittel |
JP4442796B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2010-03-31 | 日本テトラパック株式会社 | 包装容器および包装容器に取付けられる注ぎ栓 |
TWI356795B (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2012-01-21 | Sig Technology Ltd | Flat self-opening closure for combipacks or for co |
US8505760B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2013-08-13 | Sig Technology Ltd. | Flat self-opening closure for composite packagings or for container nozzles or bottle necks to be closed by film material |
DE102006016113B3 (de) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-08-23 | Sig Technology Ag | Wiederverschließbares Ausgießelement für Karton/Kunststoff-Verbundpackungen |
DE502007004222D1 (de) * | 2006-10-23 | 2010-08-05 | Deltona Innovations Ag | Halbfabrikat zur fertigung einer öffnungsvorrichtung |
DE602007012556D1 (de) | 2007-11-05 | 2011-03-31 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Wiederverschließbare Öffnungsvorrichtung für Verpackungen für ausgießbare Nahrungsmittelprodukte |
DE102007057863A1 (de) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-04 | Sig Technology Ag | Selbstöffnendes und wiederverschließbares Ausgießelement aus Kunststoff zur Applikation auf einer Packung für Flüssigkeiten |
DE102010048415A1 (de) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Sig Technology Ag | Wiederverschließbares Ausgießelement mit Barrierefolie und Stützwand |
DE102012012937B3 (de) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-03-21 | Sig Technology Ag | Verbundpackung mit einem Ausgießelement und Zuschnitt zur Herstellung einer solchen Packung |
DE102013101526B4 (de) * | 2013-02-15 | 2018-05-17 | Sig Technology Ag | Vorrichtung zum Öffnen und Wiederverschließen von Lebensmittel enthaltenden Packungen |
-
2016
- 2016-05-31 DE DE102016110047.1A patent/DE102016110047B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-06-01 EP EP16020202.4A patent/EP3251964A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-05-05 PL PL17721391T patent/PL3464089T3/pl unknown
- 2017-05-05 US US16/097,360 patent/US10597190B2/en active Active
- 2017-05-05 BR BR112018073597-3A patent/BR112018073597B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2017-05-05 ES ES17721391T patent/ES2806377T3/es active Active
- 2017-05-05 EP EP17721391.5A patent/EP3464089B1/de active Active
- 2017-05-05 WO PCT/EP2017/060755 patent/WO2017207213A1/de unknown
- 2017-05-05 JP JP2018562290A patent/JP7126455B2/ja active Active
- 2017-05-05 CN CN201780033386.8A patent/CN109219562B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2806377T3 (es) | 2021-02-17 |
EP3251964A1 (de) | 2017-12-06 |
JP2019517431A (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
EP3464089B1 (de) | 2020-06-24 |
CN109219562B (zh) | 2021-02-09 |
US10597190B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
BR112018073597A8 (pt) | 2023-01-03 |
JP7126455B2 (ja) | 2022-08-26 |
DE102016110047B3 (de) | 2017-05-04 |
WO2017207213A1 (de) | 2017-12-07 |
BR112018073597A2 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
CN109219562A (zh) | 2019-01-15 |
BR112018073597B1 (pt) | 2023-01-17 |
PL3464089T3 (pl) | 2020-11-02 |
US20190144158A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
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Legal Events
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
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