EP3414406B1 - Composite heat insulation system that can be dismantled and method for the production and removal thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system, comprising at least one thermal insulation layer, at least one base plaster layer applied to the thermal insulation layer, at least one reinforcement layer embedded or applied in or on the base plaster layer, and at least one final coating which closes the thermal insulation composite system to the outside. In particular, the invention relates to a demountable and / or recyclable composite thermal insulation system and its production.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a thermal insulation composite system, in particular a dismantled and / or recyclable thermal insulation composite system, preferably on a building wall, a thermal insulation layer being applied to a sub-surface, in particular a building wall, then a base coat being applied to the thermal insulation layer, then in or a reinforcing layer is embedded and / or applied to the base plaster layer and a final coating is applied to the outside at the end of the thermal insulation composite system. In the context of the invention, the term building wall can refer in particular to a floor surface, a roof surface and / or a wall surface of a building.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for removing a composite thermal insulation system mounted on a building wall from the building wall.

The topic of energy saving has not only become important since the energy transition. In order to be able to heat buildings in an energy- and resource-efficient manner, a lot has been invested in the thermal insulation of buildings in recent years. For example, applying thermal insulation composite systems to the outside of building walls has reduced the heat loss in transmission. As a rule, conventional thermal insulation composite systems were used for this purpose, which, although adequate thermal insulation of the buildings can be achieved, bring with them decisive disadvantages that have so far been neglected. In particular, it has so far been largely overlooked that many of these previously used composite thermal insulation systems are non-recyclable hazardous waste after they have been dismantled, for example after their intended use phase has expired. It is generally uneconomical or simply no longer possible to return the building materials used to form these conventional composite thermal insulation systems to the recycling cycle. On the one hand, the building materials themselves are often not recyclable and, on the other hand, the building materials are often connected to one another, in particular glued, so that a separation into the possibly recyclable individual building materials can no longer be achieved. For this reason, high costs can arise, particularly for the disposal of dismantled conventional thermal insulation composite systems. In addition, the composition of these conventional composite thermal insulation systems prevents careful and environmentally friendly use of existing resources. This handling of waste materials from dismantled, conventional thermal insulation composite systems also stands out in contradiction to the rules laid down in Germany by the Waste Management Act (KrWG) and the Waste List Ordinance (AVV).

From the DE 20 2010 007 659 U1 is an insulation board with an insulation layer for thermal insulation of the outer walls of buildings is known, wherein a grid is anchored on the outer sides of the insulation layer that has support rings that are connected by webs and wherein a shoulder is formed in each of the support rings.

In the meantime, these disadvantages of conventional composite thermal insulation systems have also been recognized by industry and politicians. A report by the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP report BBHB 019/2014/281), which was drawn up on behalf of the Association for Thermal Insulation Compound Systems, therefore sets the goal of initiating research projects on environmentally, economically and technically sensible measures to develop the material and energetic recycling of components of thermal insulation composite systems after dismantling for their separation.

There is therefore the task of creating a demountable and / or separable thermal insulation composite system.

This object is achieved in the thermal insulation composite system of the type mentioned by the features according to claim 1. In particular, according to the invention it is proposed to achieve the object that the reinforcement layer - especially also in the finished (ie installed) state - has at least one protruding part and / or a point of attack around the reinforcement layer a force transmission to the protruding part and / or the point of attack together with the plaster layer / plaster layers surrounding the reinforcement layer, in particular the base plaster layer and / or the top coating, of being able to detach from the thermal insulation layer attached to a substrate.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the subsurface is a building wall, in particular a wall made of masonry or concrete, or an existing thermal insulation composite system, or at least the insulation material layer thereof, on masonry or concrete. The structure of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention makes it possible to separate the assembled layers of the thermal insulation composite system from one another almost without residue, so that they can be returned to the material cycle. By transferring the force to the protruding part and / or the point of attack, in particular by using a tool, the reinforcement layer together with the base plaster layer and all other layers applied to the base plaster layer can be removed, in particular removed, from the thermal insulation layer. It can be provided that the plaster that crumbles as a result is collected, so that it can also be recycled.

In order to enable a particularly simple detachment of the thermal insulation layer from the substrate, it can be expedient if the thermal insulation layer is not glued or glued to the substrate in the assembled state. It can be particularly advantageous if the thermal insulation layer is attached or attachable to the substrate in the assembled state, in particular exclusively by means of pin-like, preferably detachable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements. Suitable connecting elements can be, for example, screws, nails and / or rivets. The connecting elements are preferably arranged recessed, so that an outwardly projecting side of each connecting element ends flat with a surface of the thermal insulation layer.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can provide that the reinforcement layer is made of a fabric, in particular a tear-resistant fabric. It can be particularly advantageous if the reinforcement layer is made of a glass fiber fabric. In order to achieve the best possible power transmission and a uniform detachment of the reinforcement layer from the thermal insulation layer, it can be advantageous if the reinforcement layer is at least partially made of one fabric sheet or several fabric sheets.

According to the invention, detachment is preferably carried out along the substrate to which the thermal insulation composite system is applied, and the force or force transmission is preferably at an angle of at least 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or more degrees relative to the surface of the substrate, in particular essentially perpendicular to it.

To simplify the removal of the reinforcement layer, it can be expedient if at least one dimension of the reinforcement layer is larger in at least one direction than the corresponding dimension in this direction of at least one or all of the other layers of the thermal insulation composite system. In particular, it can be advantageous if at least a part of the reinforcement layer protrudes in the assembled state relative to at least one of the other layers of the thermal insulation composite system. As an alternative or in addition, it can be advantageous if at least the protruding part and / or the point of attack of the reinforcement layer is not embedded or applied in or on the base plaster layer in the assembled state of the thermal insulation composite system. At least the protruding part and / or the point of attack can thus be easier, in particular with a tool, grip or reach to transmit a force, in particular a tensile force, to the reinforcement layer. It can be particularly advantageous if the projecting part and / or the point of attack of the reinforcement layer is / are arranged at one end of a reinforcement layer designed as a fabric web.

A particularly stable and yet easy to dismantle design of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can provide that the base coat layer has a total layer thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm.

The thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can therefore have the advantage over previously known thermal insulation composite systems that all components of the thermal insulation composite system attached to the substrate in the assembled state can be dismantled and / or recycled. It can be particularly advantageous if the thermal insulation layer is at least partially made of mineral wool.

A further solution to the above-mentioned underlying object is provided by the combination of features of the method according to the invention. In particular, according to the invention it is proposed to achieve the aforementioned object that the thermal insulation layer is not attached to the substrate by gluing and / or, preferably exclusively, is attached to the substrate by means of pin-like, in particular detachable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements. In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the subsurface is a building wall. Particularly suitable connecting elements can, for example Screws, nails and / or rivets. Preferably, the Fasteners attached sunk. Because it is provided in the method according to the invention that the thermal insulation layer is not attached to the substrate in a cohesive manner, the thermal insulation layer can be removed from the substrate completely without any residue, should it be necessary to dismantle a composite thermal insulation system produced by the method according to the invention. This has the advantage that time-consuming removal of the bonded thermal insulation layer is eliminated and the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system produced by the method according to the invention can be separated more easily.

According to an advantageous further development, it can be provided that the reinforcement layer is mounted so that it protrudes in at least one area relative to the thermal insulation layer and / or the base plaster layer or all layers of the thermal insulation composite system. It can be advantageous if the point of attack is formed by the protruding part. A tensile force can be exerted on the reinforcement layer by the point of attack and / or the protruding part. This can be done, for example, with tools and / or only with the hands.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it can further be provided that to apply the base plaster layer, first a first partial layer thereof is applied, then the reinforcing layer is applied to the first partial layer, and then the second partial layer is applied to the reinforcing layer, as a result of which the reinforcing layer is embedded between the two sub-layers of the base plaster layer.

In order to achieve the best possible fixation of the thermal insulation composite system, in particular according to the invention, to the subsurface, it may be expedient if the subsurface is first provided with boreholes, a dowel is inserted therein and the thermal insulation layer is fastened to the subsurface with screws screwed into the dowel becomes. In order to avoid cold spots, it can be particularly advantageous if the screws used are not designed to be thermally conductive, for example by coating or using a non-thermally conductive material such as plastic. In particular, the screws can be or are countersunk.

So that the protruding part and / or the point of attack does not adversely affect the overall aesthetic impression of a surface clad with the thermal insulation system and / or in order to be able to avoid any undesired force acting on the protruding part and / or the point of attack, it can be advantageous if the reinforcement layer is attached to the substrate in such a way that its roof-side end and / or its floor-side end protrudes. In particular, it can be expedient if the projecting part is covered by a roof edge and / or by a base finish. It can thereby be achieved that in an assembled state of the thermal insulation composite system produced by means of the method according to the invention, the protruding part and / or the point of attack is shielded and is therefore imperceptible to an untrained eye in particular. This makes it possible to avoid vandalism due to misuse of the dismantling function of the composite thermal insulation system according to the invention.

If, by means of the method according to the invention, a wall of a building or a part thereof which has a window is to be insulated, it may be expedient if one or the protruding part of the reinforcement layer is in a section of the substrate with a window under a window sill and / or or is arranged in a roller shutter box. In particular, it can be expedient if the protruding part of the reinforcement layer is covered by it.

In order to be able to create a particularly durable and yet easily removable thermal insulation composite system, it can be advantageous if the base plaster is applied in a total layer thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that the thermal insulation layer is at least partially made of mineral wool.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, only components that can be recycled are used to produce a composite thermal insulation system.

The reinforcement layer of a thermal insulation composite system is of crucial importance for the quality of the entire insulation system. As a rule, it ensures a flat distribution of stresses from the plaster, which, for example, prevents cracks in the base plaster layer and / or the top coat. These cracks can arise, for example, if the individual plaster layers of the thermal insulation composite system harden at different speeds, causing tensile stresses with a corresponding risk of cracking. In the method according to the invention for producing a thermal insulation composite system, in particular according to the invention, the reinforcement layer takes on a further task. In addition to the purpose already mentioned, it serves to be able to remove plaster layers applied to the thermal insulation layer almost without residue, should it be necessary to dismantle a thermal insulation composite system produced in this way. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention can therefore provide that the reinforcement layer is made of a fabric, in particular a tear-resistant fabric. The reinforcing layer is preferably at least partially made from fabric webs. A particularly suitable fabric can be, for example, a glass fiber fabric.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for removing a thermal insulation composite system mounted on a substrate according to independent claim 15, in particular an inventive thermal insulation composite system as described and claimed here and / or a thermal insulation composite system produced by the method according to the invention, as described and claimed here, from the substrate . According to the invention, it is provided that by exerting a force, in particular a tensile force, on a protruding part and / or on a point of application of a reinforcement layer, all of the plaster layers surrounding the reinforcement layer are detached from an underlying thermal insulation layer of the composite thermal insulation system. This has the advantage that the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system removed in this way can be separated more easily and can thus be returned to the material cycle.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it can be useful if by the method a heat insulation layer applied to the substrate, in particular completely, can be separated from a base plaster layer and / or adhesive layer applied to this heat insulation layer.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be expedient if one or the thermal insulation layer is removed from the substrate by loosening one or more connecting elements, in particular is removed without residue. The connecting elements can be, for example, screws, nails and / or rivets.

The invention will now be described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment, but is not restricted to this exemplary embodiment. Further exemplary embodiments according to the invention result from the combination of individual or several features of the protection claims with one another and / or with individual or more features of the exemplary embodiments.

Fig. 1

ein schematisch dargestelltes erfindungsgemäßes Wärmedämmverbundsystem im Montagezustand,

Fig. 2

das Ausführungsbeispiel aus Figur 1 dargestellt als Explosionszeichnung,

Fig. 3

das Ausführungsbeispiel aus den Figuren 1 und 2, wobei durch Kraftausübung auf die Armierungsschicht die Putzschichten von der Wärmedämmstoffschicht abgelöst werden.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematically shown thermal insulation composite system according to the invention in the assembled state,

Fig. 2

the embodiment from Figure 1 shown as an exploded view,

Fig. 3

the embodiment from the Figures 1 and 2nd , whereby the plaster layers are detached from the thermal insulation layer by exerting force on the reinforcement layer.

In the Figures 1 to 3 shows a specific embodiment of a thermal insulation composite system, which is designated as a whole as 1.

In Figure 1 the composite thermal insulation system 1 is attached to a substrate. The subsurface here is a building wall 8, which consists of masonry.

The thermal insulation composite system 1 according to the invention has a thermal insulation layer 2, which can be fixed or fixed by screwing onto the building wall 8. For this purpose, the building wall was provided with boreholes in which dowels 11 were inserted or can be used. By means of non-heat-conductive screws 10, the thermal insulation layer 2 is fixed or fixable by screwing the screws 10 into the dowels 11 through the thermal insulation layer on the building wall 8. A first sub-layer 12 of a base coat 3 is applied to the thermal insulation layer 2. A reinforcement layer 4 is applied to the first sub-layer 12 of the base plaster layer 3. The reinforcement layer is thus embedded in the base render layer 3 by a second sub-layer 13 of the base render layer 3, which is applied to the reinforcement layer 14. A final coating 5 is also applied to the base plaster layer 3, which serves to seal off the thermal insulation composite system 1 from the outside. The top coat 5 can be a suitable finishing coat, for example.

The reinforcement layer 4 of the thermal insulation composite system 1 according to the invention has at least one protruding part 6. The protruding part 6 forms in the embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 3 an attack point 7. By means of a power transmission to the projecting part 6, as in Figure 3 is shown, the reinforcement layer 4 with together with the plaster layers 3, 5 surrounding the reinforcement layer 4 are detached from the thermal insulation layer 2 attached to the building wall 8.

The thermal insulation layer 2 is in the assembled state, as in Figure 1 can be seen, fixed or fixable only by means of the connecting elements 9 designed as screws 10 on the building wall. In contrast to previously known composite thermal insulation systems, there is no cohesive connection, such as by gluing, for example, in the composite thermal insulation system 1 according to the invention. The detachable connecting elements 9 can therefore be easily removed if necessary, whereby the fixing of the thermal insulation layer to the building wall can be removed.

The reinforcing fabric 4 is in the embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 3 from a tear-resistant fabric. A suitable fabric can be, for example, a glass fiber fabric. The fabric is designed as a continuous fabric web, so that it can be pulled off as a whole, in particular along an overall extent of the building wall 8.

In order to be able to grip the point of attack 7 designed as a protruding part 6, in particular to be able to grip with a tool, the longitudinal dimension of the reinforcement layer 4 designed as a fabric web is longer than the corresponding dimension of all other layers 2, 3, 5 of the thermal insulation composite system 1 and / or Building wall 8. Therefore, the point of attack 7 of the reinforcement layer 4 is not embedded or applied in or on the base plaster layer 3 in the assembled state.

The total layer thickness 16 of the base plaster layer 3 is between 5 mm and 8 mm.

All components of the thermal insulation composite system 1 attached to the building wall 8 in the assembled state can be dismantled and / or recycled.

The thermal insulation layer 2 is at least partially made of mineral wool. Furthermore, it may be expedient if the thermal insulation layer 2 is formed from a plurality of mutually adjacent insulation panels.

In Figure 3 it is shown how the armoring layer 4, together with all the plaster layers 3, 5 surrounding the armoring layer 4, is pulled or can be removed from the thermal insulation layer 2 fixed or fixable to the building wall 8 by the action of force on the armoring layer 4 at the point of attack 7. In particular, an almost complete removal of all plaster layers from the thermal insulation layer 2 can be achieved, so that the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system 1 according to the invention are easier to separate and can thus be returned to the material cycle.

As in the Figures 1 to 3 is shown, it can be advantageous if the protruding part 6 is arranged at one end, in particular at a longitudinally located end, of the reinforcement layer 4. It can further be provided that the reinforcement layer 4 has two or more points of attack 7. As in the Figures 1 to 3 can be seen, the reinforcement layer 4 has an attack point 7 arranged at the roof-side end 17 and at the bottom-side end 18. The attack points 7 designed as a protruding part 6 can be covered, for example, by a roof edge and a plinth end, or they can be covered. It can also be provided that this is in the area of a window are arranged or can be arranged under a window sill and / or on or in a roller shutter box and are covered or can be covered.

After deduction of the reinforcement layer 4 from the thermal insulation layer 2, the thermal insulation composite system 1 can be completely removed from the building wall 8 by loosening the connecting elements 9 and removing the thermal insulation layer 2. Due to the construction of the thermal insulation composite system 1 according to the invention, it is also possible to separate the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system 1 from one another almost without residue, so that little or no special waste arises when the thermal insulation composite system 1 according to the invention is disposed of.

Reference list

1

Composite insulation system

2nd

Thermal insulation layer

3rd

Base coat

4th

Reinforcement layer

5

Top coat

6

protruding part of the reinforcement layer

7

Point of attack

8th

Building wall

9

Fastener

10th

screw

11

Dowels

12th

first sub-layer of the base plaster layer

13

second sub-layer of the base coat

14

Dimension of the reinforcement layer

15

Dimension of the other layers

16

Total layer thickness of the base coat

17th

roof-side end

18th

bottom end

Claims (16)

1. Composite thermal insulation system (1), comprising at least one thermal insulation material layer (2), at least one base plaster layer (3) applied to the thermal insulation material layer (2), at least one reinforcement layer (4) embedded in or applied to the base plaster layer (3), and at least one finishing coating (5) which completes the composite thermal insulation system (1) to the outside, characterized in that the reinforcement layer (4) has at least one protruding part (6) and/or one engagement point (7) for enabling the reinforcement layer (4), by means of a transmission of force to the protruding part (6) and/or to the engagement point (7), to be detached, together with the plaster layers (3, 5) surrounding the reinforcement layer (4), from the thermal insulation material layer (2) fastened to an underlying surface.
2. Composite thermal insulation system (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation material layer (2), in the installed state, is not adhesively bonded or adhesively bondable to the underlying surface, and/or, in particular exclusively, is attached or attachable to the underlying surface by means of pin-like, preferably detachable and/or thermally non-conductive connecting elements (9), in particular by means of screws (10), nails and/or rivets, wherein preferably, said connecting elements (9) are arranged in countersunk fashion.
3. Composite thermal insulation system (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcement layer (4) is formed from a fabric, in particular from a glass fiber fabric, preferably such that the reinforcement layer (4) is composed at least partially of at least one fabric web.
4. Composite thermal insulation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one dimension (14) of the reinforcement layer (4) in at least one direction is greater than the corresponding dimension (15) of at least one or all of the other layers (2, 3, 5) of the composite thermal insulation system (1), in particular such that at least a part (6) of the reinforcement layer (4), in the installed state, protrudes relative to at least one of the further layers (2, 3, 5) of the composite thermal insulation system (1), and/or in that at least the protruding part (6) and/or the engagement point (7) of the reinforcement layer (4), in the installed state, is not embedded in or applied to the base plaster layer (3) .
5. Composite thermal insulation system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base plaster layer (3) has a total layer thickness (16) between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm.
6. Composite thermal insulation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all of the constituent parts of the composite thermal insulation system (1) attached in the installed state to the underlying surface are dismantlable and/or recyclable, in particular in that the thermal insulation material layer (2) is produced at least partially from mineral wool.
7. Method for producing a composite thermal insulation system (1), in particular a recyclable composite thermal insulation system (1), wherein a thermal insulation material layer (2) is applied to an underlying surface, in particular to a building wall, a base plaster layer (3) is applied to the thermal insulation material layer (2), a reinforcement layer (4) is embedded in and/or applied to the base plaster layer (3), and a finishing coating (5) is applied for the purposes of completion to the outside, wherein the thermal insulation material layer (2) is attached to the underlying surface by means of pin-like connecting elements (9), characterized in that the reinforcement layer (4), in at least one region, is attached so as to protrude relative to at least one layer (2, 3, 5) of the composite thermal insulation system (1), and in that an engagement point (7) is formed by the protruding part (6), wherein a transmission of force to the reinforcement layer (4) is possible by means of the engagement point (7) and/or the protruding part (6), whereby the reinforcement layer (4) together with the plaster layers (3, 5) surrounding the reinforcement layer (4) are detachable from the thermal insulation material layer (2).
8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the reinforcement layer (4), in the installed state, is attached so as to protrude in at least one region relative to the thermal insulation material layer (2) and/or the base plaster layer (3) or all layers (2, 3, 5) of the composite thermal insulation system (1), wherein a transmission of a pulling force to the reinforcement layer (4) is possible by means of the engagement point (7) and/or the protruding part (6) .
9. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, for the application of the base plaster layer (3), firstly a first partial layer (12) thereof is applied, subsequently the reinforcement layer (4) is applied to the first partial layer (12), and then the second partial layer (13) is applied to the reinforcement layer (4), whereby the reinforcement layer (4) is embedded between the two partial layers (12, 13) of the base plaster layer (3).
10. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 9, characterized in that the underlying surface is initially equipped with boreholes, in each case one dowel (11) is inserted therein, and the thermal insulation material layer (2) is fastened to the underlying surface by means of screws (10) screwed into the dowels (11), in particular screws (10) which are thermally non-conductive and/or arranged in countersunk fashion.
11. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 10, characterized in that the reinforcement layer (4) is attached to the underlying surface such that the roof-side end (17) of said reinforcement layer and/or the ground-side end (18) of said reinforcement layer protrude(s), in particular such that the protruding part (6) is covered by a roof edge and/or by a baseboard.
12. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 11, characterized in that a or the protruding part (6) of the reinforcement layer (4) is, in a section of the underlying surface with a window, arranged under a windowsill and/or on or in a roller blind box, in particular is covered thereby.
13. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 12, characterized in that a total layer thickness (16) of the base plaster layer (3) amounts to between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm, and/or in that the thermal insulation material layer (2) is produced at least partially from mineral wool.
14. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 - 13, characterized in that all of the constituent parts of the composite thermal insulation system (1) are recyclable, and/or in that the reinforcement layer (4) is formed from a fabric, in particular from a glass fiber fabric, preferably such that the reinforcement layer (4) is composed at least partially of fabric webs.
15. Method for removing a composite thermal insulation system (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6 and/or produced by means of the method according to one of Claims 7 to 14, installed on an underlying surface from the underlying surface, characterized in that, by exerting a force, in particular a pulling force, on a protruding part (6) and/or an engagement point (7) of a reinforcement layer (4), the reinforcement layer (4) and all plaster layers (3, 5) surrounding the reinforcement layer (4) are detached from an underlying thermal insulation material layer (2) of the composite thermal insulation system (1).
16. Method according to Claim 15, characterized in that a or the thermal insulation material layer (2) is removed, in particular removed without residue, from the underlying surface by detachment of one or more connecting elements (9), in particular screws (10), nails and/or rivets, wherein preferably, said connecting elements (9) are arranged in countersunk fashion.

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