DE102016001563A1 - Recoverable composite thermal insulation system and method for its production and removal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system (1) and a method for its production. The thermal insulation composite system (1) has at least one heat insulation layer (2), at least one base coat layer (3) applied to the heat insulation layer (2), at least one reinforcement layer (4) embedded or applied in or on the base coat layer (3) and at least one thermal insulation composite system ( 1) to the outside final finish coating (5). The reinforcing layer (4) has at least one protruding part (6) and / or an attack point (7) around the reinforcing layer (4) by means of a force transmission to the protruding part (6) and / or the point of attack (7) together with the reinforcing layer (4) to be able to detach surrounding plaster layers (3, 5) from the thermal insulation layer (2) fastened to a substrate.

Description

The invention relates to a thermal insulation composite system, comprising at least one heat insulation layer, at least one base coat applied to the thermal insulation layer, at least one reinforcement layer embedded or applied in or on the base coat layer and at least one final coating terminating outwardly from the external thermal insulation composite system. In particular, the invention relates to a retrofittable and / or recyclable thermal insulation composite system and its production.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a thermal insulation composite system, in particular a heat-buildup composite system that can be retrofitted and / or recycled, preferably on a building wall, wherein a thermal insulation layer is applied to a substrate surface, in particular a building wall, then a basecoat layer is applied to the thermal insulation layer, then into or a reinforcing layer is embedded and / or applied to the base plaster layer and a final coating is applied to the exterior of the thermal insulation composite system to the outside. The term building wall may refer in the context of the invention in particular to a floor surface, a roof surface and / or a wall surface of a building.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for removing a mounted on a building wall thermal insulation composite system of the building wall.

The subject of energy saving has not only become significant since the energy transition. In order to be able to heat buildings more energy- and resource-efficient, much has been invested in the thermal insulation of buildings in recent years. For example, the application of thermal insulation composite systems to the outside of building walls has made it possible to reduce the transmission heat loss. As a rule, conventional thermal insulation composite systems have been used for this purpose which, although they allow adequate thermal insulation of the buildings, nevertheless bring about the disadvantages that have hitherto been less noticed. In particular, it has hitherto been almost unnoticed that many of these thermal insulation composite systems used hitherto, after their dismantling, for example after the end of their intended use phase, are non-recyclable hazardous waste. A return of the building materials used to form these conventional thermal insulation systems in the recycling cycle is usually uneconomical or simply not possible. On the one hand, the building materials used themselves are often not recyclable and on the other hand, the building materials are often connected to each other, in particular glued, so that a separation into the possibly recyclable individual building materials is no longer reachable. For this reason, high costs can be incurred especially for the disposal of dismantled conventional thermal insulation composite systems. In addition, the composition of these conventional thermal insulation composite systems prevents a careful and environmentally friendly use of existing resources. In addition, this handling of waste materials of dismantled, conventional thermal insulation composite systems is in contradiction to the rules established in Germany by the Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz (KrWG) and the Waste Catalog Ordinance (AVV).

In the meantime, these disadvantages of conventional thermal insulation composite systems have also been recognized by industry and politicians. One Report of the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP Report BBHB 019/2014/281) , which is commissioned by the Fachverband Wärmedämm-Verbundsysteme e. V., therefore sets the objective of initiating research projects in order to develop ecologically, economically and technically sensible measures for the material and energetic recycling of components of thermal insulation composite systems after a dismantling for their separation.

It is therefore an object to provide a rebuildable and / or separable composite thermal insulation system.

This object is achieved in the thermal insulation composite system of the type mentioned by the features of claim 1. In particular, the invention proposes to solve the problem that the reinforcing layer has at least one protruding part and / or an attack point to the reinforcing layer by means of a force transmission to the protruding part and / or the attack site together with / the reinforcing layer surrounding plaster layer / plaster layers, in particular the primer layer and / or the final coating, to be able to detach from the thermal insulation layer attached to a substrate.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the substrate is a building wall. Due to the construction according to the invention of the external thermal insulation composite system, it is possible to separate the assembled layers of the thermal insulation composite system from each other almost without residue, so that they can be returned to the recycling loop. Through the transmission of force to the protruding part and / or the point of attack, in particular by using a tool, the reinforcing layer, together with the base plaster layer and all other layers applied to the base plaster layer, can be removed from the heat-insulating layer, in particular removed. It can be provided that the thereby crumbling plaster is collected, whereby this is also recyclable.

In order to enable a particularly simple detachment of the thermal insulation layer from the substrate, it may be expedient if the heat insulation layer is not glued or glued in the assembled state with the substrate. It may be particularly advantageous if the heat insulation layer in the assembled state, in particular exclusively by means of pin-like, preferably releasable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements attached to the substrate or attachable. Suitable fasteners may be, for example, screws, nails and / or rivets. Preferably, the connecting elements are arranged sunk, so that an outwardly projecting side of each connecting element is flush with a surface of the heat insulating layer.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can provide that the reinforcing layer is made of a fabric, in particular of a tear-resistant fabric. It may be particularly advantageous if the reinforcing layer is configured from a glass fiber fabric. In order to achieve the best possible transfer of force and a uniform detachment of the reinforcing layer from the thermal insulation layer, it may be advantageous if the reinforcing layer is at least partially made of a fabric web or a plurality of fabric webs.

To simplify the removal of the reinforcing layer, it may be expedient if at least one dimension of the reinforcing layer is greater in at least one direction than the corresponding dimension in this direction of at least one or all other layers of the external thermal insulation composite system. In particular, it may be advantageous if at least a part of the reinforcing layer projects in the assembled state relative to at least one of the further layers of the thermal insulation composite system. Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous if at least the protruding part and / or the point of application of the reinforcing layer is not embedded or applied in or on the base plaster layer in the assembled state of the thermal insulation composite system. Thus, at least the protruding part and / or the point of attack can be easier, in particular with a tool, reach or reach to transmit a force, in particular a tensile force on the reinforcing layer. It may be particularly advantageous if the protruding part and / or the point of application of the reinforcing layer is / are arranged at one end of a reinforcing layer designed as a fabric web.

A particularly stable and yet easily removable design of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can provide that the base plaster layer has a total layer thickness between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm.

The thermal insulation composite system according to the invention can therefore have the advantage over previously known thermal insulation composite systems that all components of the heat insulation composite system mounted on the substrate in the installed state can be rebuilt and / or recycled. It may be particularly advantageous if the thermal insulation layer is at least partially made of mineral wool.

A further solution of the aforementioned underlying object is provided by the feature combination of the method according to claim 5. In particular, the invention proposes for the solution of the aforementioned object that the thermal insulation layer is not attached by gluing to the substrate and / or, preferably exclusively, by means of pin-like, in particular releasable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements is attached to the substrate. In particular, it may be provided according to the invention that the substrate is a building wall. Particularly suitable fasteners may be, for example, screws, nails and / or rivets. Preferably, the connecting elements are mounted sunk. Because it is provided in the method according to the invention that the thermal insulation layer is not firmly bonded to the substrate, the thermal insulation layer can be completely removed without residue from the substrate, it should be necessary to dismantle a manufactured by the inventive process thermal insulation system. This has the advantage that a complex removal of the bonded thermal insulation layer is eliminated and the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system produced by the method according to the invention are easier to separate.

Another, in particular independent, inventive proposal for achieving the above-mentioned object can provide that the reinforcing layer has an attack point in the assembled state and / or in at least one area relative to at least one, in particular the thermal insulation layer and / or the base plaster layer, or all layers of the thermal insulation composite system is mounted projecting. It may be advantageous if the attack site is formed by the protruding part. By the point of attack and / or the protruding part of a power transmission, in particular a tensile force can be exerted on the reinforcing layer. This can be done for example by tools and / or only with the hands.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention can further be provided that initially a first sub-layer thereof is applied to apply the primer layer, then the reinforcing layer is applied to the first sub-layer, and then the second sub-layer is applied to the reinforcing layer, whereby the reinforcing layer embedded between the two sublayers of the primer layer.

In order to achieve the best possible fixation of, in particular according to the invention, thermal insulation composite system to the substrate, it may be expedient if the substrate is initially provided with holes, in each case a dowel is used and attached the thermal insulation layer with screws screwed into the dowel screws to the substrate becomes. In order to avoid cold spots, it may be particularly advantageous if the screws used, for example by a coating or use of a non-heat-conducting material, such as plastic, are not thermally conductive. In particular, the screws can be recessed or be attached.

So that the protruding part and / or the point of attack does not adversely affect the overall aesthetic impression of a surface clad with the thermal insulation system / and / or to avoid a possibly unwanted force on the protruding part and / or the point of attack, it may be advantageous if the reinforcing layer is attached to the substrate in such a way that its roof-side end and / or its bottom-side end project / protrude. In particular, it may be expedient if the protruding part is covered by a roof edge and / or by a base closure. It can thereby be achieved that, in an assembled state of the thermal insulation composite system produced by means of the method according to the invention, the protruding part and / or the point of engagement is shielded, and therefore imperceptible especially to an untrained eye. This makes it possible to avoid vandalism by misuse of the rebuild function of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention.

If a building wall or a part thereof is to be insulated by means of the method according to the invention, then it may be expedient for one or the protruding part of the reinforcing layer to be provided in a section of the substrate with a window under a window sill and / or or in a roller shutter box. In particular, it may be expedient if the protruding part of the reinforcing layer is covered by it.

In order to be able to produce a particularly durable, yet easily removable thermal insulation composite system, it can be advantageous if the base plaster is applied in a total layer thickness of between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention can be provided that the thermal insulation layer is at least partially made of mineral wool.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention only components for the production of a thermal insulation composite system are used, which are recyclable.

The reinforcement layer of a thermal insulation composite system is of crucial importance for the quality of the entire insulation system. As a rule, it ensures an areal distribution of tensions from the plaster, whereby, for example, cracks in the base plaster layer and / or the final coating can be avoided. These cracks can be caused, for example, by the fact that the individual plaster layers of the thermal insulation composite system cure at different rates, which results in tensile stresses with a corresponding risk of cracking. In the inventive method for producing a, in particular according to the invention, thermal insulation composite system, the reinforcing layer takes on a still further object. It serves in addition to the purpose already mentioned to be able to remove plaster layers applied to the thermal insulation layer almost without residue, a deconstruction of such a thermal insulation composite system produced in this way should be necessary. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention can therefore provide that the reinforcing layer is made of a fabric, in particular a tear-resistant fabric. Preferably, the reinforcing layer is at least partially made of fabric webs. A particularly suitable fabric may be, for example, a glass fiber fabric.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for removing one on a substrate mounted thermal insulation composite system, in particular a thermal insulation composite system according to the invention as described and claimed herein and / or a composite thermal insulation system produced by the inventive method, as described and claimed herein, from the ground. According to the invention, it is provided that, by exerting a force, in particular a tensile force, on a protruding part and / or on a point of application of a reinforcing layer, preferably all of the plaster layers surrounding the reinforcing layer are detached from an underlying thermal insulating layer of the external thermal insulation composite system. This has the advantage that the individual components of the so removed thermal insulation composite system are more easily separable and thus the recyclable material cycle traceable.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it may be expedient if, by the method, a heat-insulating material layer applied to the substrate, in particular completely, can be separated from a base-coat layer and / or adhesive layer applied to this heat-insulating-material layer.

Alternatively or additionally, it may be expedient if one or the thermal insulation layer is removed from the substrate by releasing one or more connecting elements, in particular removed without residue. The connecting elements may be, for example, screws, nails and / or rivets.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to an embodiment, but is not limited to this embodiment. Further exemplary embodiments according to the invention result from the combination of one or more features of the protection claims with one another and / or with one or more features of the exemplary embodiments.

It shows:

1 a schematically illustrated inventive thermal insulation composite system in the assembled state,

2 the embodiment 1 shown as an exploded view,

3 the embodiment of the 1 and 2 , wherein by applying force to the reinforcing layer, the plaster layers are detached from the thermal insulation layer.

In the 1 to 3 is a specific embodiment of a thermal insulation composite system shown as a whole as 1 referred to as.

In 1 is the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 attached to a substrate. The underground is here a building wall 8th , which consists of masonry.

The thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 has a thermal insulation layer 2 on, which by screwing on the building wall 8th fixed or fixable. For this purpose, the building wall was provided with holes in which dowels 11 have been used or can be used. By non-thermally conductive screws 10 is the thermal insulation layer 2 by screwing in the screws 10 in the dowels 11 through the thermal insulation layer on the building wall 8th fixed or fixable. On the thermal insulation layer 2 is a first sub-layer 12 a primer layer 3 applied. On the first sub-layer 12 the base coat layer 3 is a reinforcing layer 4 applied. Through a second sub-layer 13 the base coat layer 3 on the reinforcing layer 14 is applied, the reinforcing layer is thus in the primer layer 3 embedded. On the ground coat 3 is also a final coating 5 applied, which serves the composite thermal insulation system 1 to complete to the outside. The final coating 5 For example, it can be a suitable finishing plaster.

The reinforcing layer 4 the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 has at least one protruding part 6 on. The protruding part 6 forms in the embodiment according to the 1 to 3 an attack site 7 out. By means of a power transmission to the protruding part 6 can, as in 3 is shown, the reinforcing layer 4 together with the reinforcing layer 4 surrounding plaster layers 3 . 5 from the at the building wall 8th fixed thermal insulation layer 2 be replaced.

The thermal insulation layer 2 is in the assembled state, as in 1 can be seen only by means of screws 10 trained fasteners 9 fixed or fixable on the wall of the building. In contrast to previously known thermal insulation composite systems is in the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 So no cohesive connection, such as by gluing, provided. The releasable fasteners 9 Therefore, if necessary, can be easily removed, whereby the fixation of the thermal insulation layer on the building wall can be canceled.

The reinforcement fabric 4 consists in the embodiment according to the 1 to 3 out a tear-resistant fabric. A suitable tissue may be, for example, a glass fiber fabric. The fabric is designed as a continuous fabric web, so that a withdrawal as a whole, in particular along an overall extent of the building wall 8th , is possible.

To the as a supernatant part 6 designed attack site 7 easy to grab, in particular to be able to grip with a tool, is the longitudinal dimension of the reinforcing layer formed as a fabric web 4 longer than the corresponding dimension of all other layers 2 . 3 . 5 of the thermal insulation composite system 1 and / or the building wall 8th , Therefore, the attack site 7 the reinforcing layer 4 not in or on the base coat layer when installed 3 embedded or applied.

The total layer thickness 16 the base coat layer 3 is between 5 mm and 8 mm.

All components of the installation wall mounted on the building wall 8th attached thermal insulation composite system 1 are rebuildable and / or recyclable.

The thermal insulation layer 2 is at least partially made of mineral wool. Furthermore, it may be expedient if the thermal insulation layer 2 is formed of a plurality of mutually adjacent insulation boards.

In 3 is shown as by applying force to the reinforcing layer 4 at the attack site 7 the reinforcing layer 4 along with all the reinforcing layer 4 surrounding plaster layers 3 . 5 from the at the building wall 8th fixed or fixable thermal insulation layer 2 is deducted or deductible. In particular, this can result in almost complete removal of all plaster layers from the thermal insulation layer 2 be achieved, so that the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 are more easily separable and thus recyclable in the recycling cycle.

As in the 1 to 3 As shown, it may be advantageous if the projecting part 6 at one end, in particular at a longitudinal end, of the reinforcing layer 4 is arranged. Furthermore, it can be provided that the reinforcing layer 4 two or more attack points 7 having. As in the 1 to 3 can be seen, has the reinforcing layer 4 one at the roof end 17 and at the bottom end 18 arranged attack site 7 on. The supernatant part 6 trained attack sites 7 For example, they can be covered or covered by a roof edge and a base termination. Furthermore, it can be provided that these are arranged or can be arranged in the region of a window under a window sill and / or on or in a roller shutter box and are covered by it or can be covered.

After deduction of the reinforcing layer 4 from the thermal insulation layer 2 can the thermal insulation composite system 1 by loosening the connecting elements 9 and removing the thermal insulation layer 2 from the building wall 8th completely dismantled. Due to the inventive structure of the thermal insulation composite system 1 it is also possible, the individual components of the thermal insulation composite system 1 to separate almost without residue from each other, so that little or no hazardous waste in the disposal of the thermal insulation composite system according to the invention 1 accrues.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Wärmedämmverbundsystem

2

Thermal insulation layer

3

Basic layer of plaster

4

reinforcing layer

5

Top coat

6

protruding part of the reinforcing layer

7

point of attack

8th

building wall

9

connecting element

10

screw

11

dowel

12

first partial layer of the base plaster layer

13

second sub-layer of the primer layer

14

Dimension of the reinforcing layer

15

Dimension of the other layers

16

Total layer thickness of the primer layer

17

roof-side end

18

bottom end

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Report of the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP Report BBHB 019/2014/281) [0005]

Claims (12)

Thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) comprising at least one thermal insulation layer ( 2 ), at least one on the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) applied primer layer ( 3 ), at least one in or on the base plaster layer ( 3 ) embedded or applied reinforcement layer ( 4 ) and at least one the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) final finish coating ( 5 ), characterized in that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) at least one projecting part ( 6 ) and / or an attack site ( 7 ) to the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) by means of a force transmission to the protruding part ( 6 ) and / or the attack site ( 7 ) together with the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) surrounding plaster layers ( 3 . 5 ) of the thermal insulation layer attached to a substrate ( 2 ) to be able to replace. Thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) is not glued or glued to the substrate in the assembled state and / or, in particular exclusively, by means of pin-like, preferably detachable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements ( 9 ), in particular by means of screws ( 10 ), Nails and / or rivets, is attached or attachable to the substrate, preferably these connecting elements ( 9 ) are arranged sunk, and / or that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is made of a fabric, in particular of a glass fiber fabric, preferably in such a way that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) consists at least partially of at least one fabric web. Thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one dimension ( 14 ) of the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is greater in at least one direction than the corresponding dimension ( 15 ) of at least one or all other layers ( 2 . 3 . 5 ) of the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ), in particular such that at least one part ( 6 ) of the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) in the assembled state relative to at least one of the further layers ( 2 . 3 . 5 ) of the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ), and / or that at least the supernatant part ( 6 ) and / or the attack site ( 7 ) of the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) in the assembled state not in or on the primer layer ( 3 ) is embedded or applied. Thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the primer layer ( 3 ) a total layer thickness ( 16 ) between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm, and / or that all components of the mounting state mounted on the substrate heat insulation composite system ( 1 ) are rebuildable and / or recyclable, in particular that the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) is at least partially made of mineral wool. Method for producing a thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ), in particular a recyclable thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ), wherein on a substrate, in particular on a building wall, a thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) is applied to the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) a base plaster layer ( 3 ) is applied, in or on the primer layer ( 3 ) a reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is embedded and / or applied and, finally, to the outside a final coating ( 5 ) is applied, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) is not attached by adhesion to a substrate and / or, preferably exclusively, by means of pin-like, in particular detachable and / or non-temperature-conductive, connecting elements ( 9 ), in particular by means of screws ( 10 ), Nails and / or rivets, preferably these connecting elements ( 9 ) are arranged sunk, is attached to the substrate. Method according to the preamble of claim 5 or claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) in the assembled state an attack site ( 7 ) and / or in at least one region relative to at least one, in particular the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) and / or the primer layer ( 3 ), or all layers ( 2 . 3 . 5 ) of the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) is mounted projecting, in particular such that by the projecting part ( 6 ) the attack site ( 7 ) is formed, whereby by the attack site ( 7 ) and / or the protruding part ( 6 ) a force transfer, in particular a tensile force, on the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is possible. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that for the application of the primer layer ( 3 ) first a first sub-layer ( 12 ) is applied thereto, then the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) to the first sublayer ( 12 ), and then the second sub-layer ( 13 ) on the reinforcing layer ( 4 ), whereby the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) between the two sublayers ( 12 . 13 ) of the base coat layer ( 3 ) is embedded and / or that the substrate is initially provided with holes, in each case a dowel ( 11 ) and the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) into the dowels ( 11 ) screwed in screws ( 10 ), in particular non-thermally conductive and / or sunk screws ( 10 ), is attached to the substrate. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) are attached to the ground in such a way that your roofside end ( 17 ) and / or its bottom end ( 18 ), in particular in such a way that the projecting part ( 6 ) is covered by a roof edge and / or a base end, and / or that one or the protruding part ( 6 ) of the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is arranged in a portion of the substrate with a window under a windowsill and / or on or in a roller shutter box, in particular covered by it. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a total layer thickness ( 16 ) of the base coat layer ( 3 ) between 3 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 8 mm, and / or that the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) is at least partially made of mineral wool. Method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that all components of the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) are recyclable and / or that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) is made of a fabric, in particular of a glass fiber fabric, preferably in such a way that the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) consists at least partially of fabric webs. Method for removing a subfloor mounted thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 4 and / or produced by the method according to one of claims 5 to 10, from the substrate, characterized in that by exerting a force, in particular a tensile force, on a projecting part ( 6 ) and / or an attack site ( 7 ) of a reinforcing layer ( 4 ) the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) and all the reinforcing layer ( 4 ) surrounding plaster layers ( 3 . 5 ) of an underlying thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) of the thermal insulation composite system ( 1 ) be replaced. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that by the method a mounted on the substrate thermal insulation layer ( 2 ), in particular completely, of a primer layer applied to this heat-insulating layer ( 3 ) and / or adhesive layer is separable and / or that one or the thermal insulation layer ( 2 ) from the ground by releasing one or more connecting elements ( 9 ), in particular screws ( 10 ), Nails and / or rivets, preferably these connecting elements ( 9 ) are arranged recessed, is removed, in particular removed without residue.

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