EP3397429B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines schleifwerkzeugs - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines schleifwerkzeugs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3397429B1
EP3397429B1 EP17705119.0A EP17705119A EP3397429B1 EP 3397429 B1 EP3397429 B1 EP 3397429B1 EP 17705119 A EP17705119 A EP 17705119A EP 3397429 B1 EP3397429 B1 EP 3397429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive grains
base body
tool
abrasive
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17705119.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3397429A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas MOHN
Bernd Stuckenholz
Achim Schmitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
August Rueggeberg GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
August Rueggeberg GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by August Rueggeberg GmbH and Co KG filed Critical August Rueggeberg GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL17705119.0T priority Critical patent/PL3397429T3/pl
Publication of EP3397429A1 publication Critical patent/EP3397429A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3397429B1 publication Critical patent/EP3397429B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0072—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using adhesives for bonding abrasive particles or grinding elements to a support, e.g. by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D5/08—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with reinforcing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/02—Wheels in one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2201/00—Bushings or mountings integral with the grinding wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2203/00—Tool surfaces formed with a pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2205/00—Grinding tools with incorporated marking device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a grinding tool and a grinding tool.
  • Hand-held grinding tools for surface finishing are manufactured using bonded abrasives or coated abrasives.
  • a roughing grinding wheel is known which comprises abrasive grains bonded with synthetic resin, i.e. bonded abrasive.
  • a flap disc is known, which includes a support plate equipped with abrasive flaps.
  • Abrasive flaps are made of coated abrasive and comprise abrasive grains bonded to a backing by a binder.
  • Coated abrasives have various advantages over bonded abrasives when used with hand-held grinding tools, such as higher cutting performance and a longer service life and the associated lower personnel costs, reduced effort required for grinding and reduced noise and vibration pollution.
  • the grinding flaps are each bent around an outer peripheral edge of the support plate, so that the grinding flaps each form a three-dimensionally shaped layer of abrasive grain.
  • the flap disc has a high cutting performance in a wide range of grinding applications.
  • the disadvantage is that the flap disc is expensive to produce and only has a limited three-dimensional shape Abrasive grit layers can be produced, as there is a risk of damage to the respective abrasive grit layer when the abrasive flaps are bent over.
  • a method for producing a coated abrasive is known.
  • a semi-finished product is placed on a roller body.
  • the semi-finished product is designed as a fiber mat.
  • the fiber mat is electrostatically coated with abrasive particles.
  • the roll body is then removed to create flexible sanding belts.
  • a method for producing a coated abrasive is known.
  • a backing is first provided with a binder and then placed in an electrostatic field and electrostatically coated with abrasive particles.
  • the base is designed, for example, as a band or disc.
  • a method for producing a coated abrasive in which abrasive grains are arranged on the backing by means of an electrostatic scattering method.
  • a dental tool is known with a base body to which a carrier layer is applied by means of a galvanic process. With this galvanic process, a coating with abrasive particles is applied at the same time as the carrier layer.
  • a bonded abrasive article is known.
  • the bonded abrasive article has an outer surface and an inner surface to which abrasive particles have been electrostatically applied.
  • the abrasive article was moved between two electrodes in an electrostatic field in order to align the abrasive grains adhering to a binder to the adhesion surface.
  • a method for producing a grinding tool in the form of a grinding wheel is known.
  • a metallic tool body is provided with a layer of solder.
  • the tool body is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation and is driven in rotation by means of a belt drive.
  • Abrasive grains are dosed onto a conveyor belt via a dosing device and conveyed in the direction of the tool body.
  • a deflection roller of the conveyor belt is connected to a voltage source via a connecting line, so that the deflection roller forms a first electrode.
  • Gas burners are provided to liquefy the solder layer.
  • the main body of the tool is connected to the voltage source via a further connection line and forms a second electrode. Due to an electrostatic field between the electrodes, the abrasive grains are moved to the layer of solder and stick there.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a method that enables the production of a grinding tool with an abrasive grain layer of any shape and a high cutting capacity in a simple, flexible and economical manner.
  • a method having the features of claim 1. By applying the binder to the tool body, a three-dimensionally shaped adhesive surface is produced depending on the shape of the tool body or a body surface of the tool body. Because the tool base body is positioned with the adhesive surface in an electrostatic field into which abrasive grains are introduced, the tool base body is immediately coated with the abrasive grains. In the The abrasive grains introduced by the electrostatic field move along the field lines in the direction of the adhesive surface and stick to the tool body when they come into contact with the adhesive surface or the binder, so that the abrasive grains form a three-dimensional abrasive grain layer corresponding to the adhesive surface.
  • the electrodes are made of an electrically conductive material to form the electrostatic field. Since the abrasive grains are applied directly to the base body of the tool and the base body of the tool thus forms the base, the grinding tool is simpler, more flexible and more economical to produce than abrasives on a base.
  • the abrasive grain layer can be produced in a flexible manner with any three-dimensionally shaped abrasive grain layer by providing a desired tool base body and applying the binding agent. Since the abrasive grains move along the field lines, they can be applied to the tool body or the adhesive surface in a desired manner depending on the course of the field lines and the positioning of the tool body, so that high cutting performance and a long service life of the tool can be achieved Grinding tool is guaranteed.
  • the abrasive grains can move in the electrostatic field with or against the force of gravity toward the adherend surface.
  • the movement of the tool body relative to at least one of the electrodes ensures reliable and uniform application of the abrasive grains to the adhesive surface and thus a homogeneous layer of abrasive grains.
  • the movement changes, in particular, a distance, a position and/or an orientation of the tool body relative to at least one of the electrodes.
  • the movement takes place in particular at least partially while the abrasive grains to the Move the adhesive surface and stick there.
  • the tool body is moved, for example, by means of a handling device.
  • the field lines of the electrostatic field exit or enter perpendicularly to the surfaces of the electrodes, so that the course of the field lines can be adjusted by the surface shape, the position and/or the orientation of the electrodes.
  • the abrasive grains are applied to the adhesive surface with a desired orientation. Due to the alignment, the grinding tool has a high cutting capacity and a long service life.
  • the basic body of the tool has a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
  • the tool body comprises at least one material from the group of vulcanized fiber, polyester, glass fiber, carbon fiber, cotton, plastic and metal.
  • the main body of the tool is rigid at least in certain areas and optionally flexible in certain areas.
  • the tool base body can have a hub or a shaft for clamping and rotationally driving the grinding tool.
  • the binder is at least one material from the group of duroplastics, elastomers, thermoplastics and synthetic resins.
  • the binder is preferably a duroplastic, in particular phenolic resin or epoxy resin.
  • the phenolic resin is, for example, a resol or a novolak.
  • the binder can be applied to the tool body in any way.
  • the abrasive grains have a geometrically defined and/or a geometrically undefined shape.
  • the abrasive grains comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, corundum, in particular zirconium corundum, diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), silicon carbide and tungsten carbide.
  • the abrasive grains can be applied in one or more layers, so that at least one three-dimensionally shaped abrasive grain layer is formed on the tool body.
  • a binder is applied to the underlying layer of abrasive grain and the subsequent layer of abrasive grain is applied in the manner already described by means of the electrostatic field. The binder thus forms a basic bond between the tool body and the layer of abrasive grain applied to it and an intermediate bond between two layers of abrasive grain.
  • the adhesive surface or the abrasive grain layer is three-dimensionally shaped in any way, for example curved and/or in several planes aligned with one another, for example in planes running at an angle to one another.
  • a curved configuration enables, for example, fillet seam processing and/or edge processing.
  • the layer of abrasive grain forms a chamfer through planes running at an angle to one another, which enables roughing or surface processing.
  • a central longitudinal axis of the tool base body is preferably aligned in different directions relative to the first electrode in order to form the three-dimensionally shaped layer of abrasive grain. This ensures simple, flexible and economical production. Due to the fact that the central longitudinal axis of the tool body is aligned in different directions, complex-shaped abrasive grain layers can be produced.
  • the main tool body preferably rotates about a central longitudinal axis in order to form the three-dimensionally shaped layer of abrasive grain. This ensures simple, flexible and economical production.
  • the abrasive grains can be applied quickly and evenly. The rotation takes place in particular during the application of the abrasive grains.
  • a rotational speed can preferably be set so that the abrasive grains can be applied in a simple and flexible manner. The rotational speed is set, for example, depending on the size and/or the mass of the abrasive grains to be applied and/or the desired thickness of the abrasive grain layer.
  • the abrasive grains are transported into the electrostatic field in particular by means of a conveyor device. This ensures simple, flexible and economical production.
  • the abrasive grains are automatically transported into the electrostatic field by means of the conveyor device and are moved from there to the adhesive surface due to the electrostatic field.
  • the conveying device can be operated continuously or in cycles, for example.
  • the conveying device is preferably operated as a function of a movement of the tool base body.
  • the conveyor is synchronized with the movement of the tool body.
  • a transport speed of the conveyor can be adjusted in particular.
  • the conveying device preferably comprises a conveyor belt.
  • the conveyor belt enables an endless conveyor device to be formed in a simple manner.
  • the conveyor belt is guided, for example, around at least two deflection rollers and thus enables, for example, a continuous operation of the conveyor.
  • the conveyor belt is designed to be electrically insulating.
  • the first electrode is preferably arranged below a conveying area of the conveying device.
  • the fact that the first electrode is arranged below the conveying area in a direction of gravity makes it possible to introduce the abrasive grains into the electrostatic field in a simple manner.
  • the conveyor area is formed, for example, by the surface of a conveyor belt.
  • the first electrode is arranged in a stationary or displaceable manner.
  • the first electrode is designed in particular in the form of a plate.
  • the plate-shaped electrode preferably runs essentially parallel to the conveyor belt.
  • the abrasive grains are fed in particular by means of a dosing device.
  • the at least one dosing device feeds the abrasive grains directly into the electrostatic field and/or the conveyor device.
  • the at least one dosing device doses and distributes the abrasive grains to be applied.
  • the at least one dosing device is preferably arranged in front of a conveyor device and feeds the abrasive grains to the conveyor device.
  • a grain mixture of abrasive grains is supplied by means of the at least one dosing device. In the grain mixture, the abrasive grains can vary in size, shape and/or material.
  • the grain mixture can, for example, be mixed before it is introduced into the dosing device, so that the abrasive grains can be fed in with exactly one dosing device. Furthermore, several dosing devices can be provided, each of which contains exactly one type of abrasive grains, so that the grain mixture can be flexibly distributed by means of the dosing devices when feeding is mixed.
  • the at least one metering device is used to meter the quantity, distribute and/or orient the abrasive grains.
  • the applied binder is preferably electrically conductive. This ensures simple, flexible and economical manufacture.
  • the electrically conductive binder simplifies the application of the abrasive grains, since for example the formation of a blocking field is avoided, and interacts particularly advantageously with the tool base body when this forms the second electrode.
  • the adhesion surface is curved to form the three-dimensionally shaped and curved abrasive grain layer.
  • the curved adhesive surface or the curved layer of abrasive grain enables, in particular, the production of grinding tools for fillet weld processing and/or edge processing.
  • the adhesive surface or the layer of abrasive grain is in particular concavely and/or convexly curved.
  • the direction of curvature is defined, for example, in relation to a central longitudinal axis of the tool body and/or a clamping side of the grinding tool facing the tool drive.
  • the adhesive surface or abrasive grain layer is, for example, cylindrical or spherical.
  • the second electrode can be used to produce a large number of grinding tools.
  • tool bases made of any materials, in particular also made of electrically non-conductive materials, can be coated with abrasive grains.
  • the second electrode is shaped at least in regions to correspond to the tool body, simple and flexible production with high cutting performance and a long service life is ensured. Due to the fact that the second electrode is shaped at least in regions according to the tool body, the surface of the second electrode and the adhesive surface run essentially parallel to one another, so that the field lines are aligned essentially perpendicular to the adhesive surface. The abrasive grains are thus aligned in a desired manner when adhering to the adhesive surface, which enables high cutting performance and a long service life.
  • the second electrode is, for example, formed completely in accordance with the tool body and is arranged over the entire surface of the tool body. Furthermore, the second electrode is shaped, for example, in a partial area according to the tool body and is moved during the application of the abrasive grains relative to the tool body, the second electrode in particular sweeping over the adhesive surface substantially completely during the movement.
  • a method according to claim 2 ensures simple, flexible and economical production.
  • the electrostatic field is adapted to the abrasive grains to be fed.
  • the tool base forms the second electrode. This ensures simple and flexible production with high cutting performance and a long service life. Because the tool body itself forms the second electrode, the second electrode is optimally attached to the tool body adjusted. The field lines enter and exit the tool body perpendicularly to the adhesion surface, so that the abrasive grains can be applied to complex three-dimensionally shaped adhesion surfaces in a simple manner.
  • the tool base body is electrically conductive at least in sections or in layers. Due to the fact that the tool base forms the second electrode, layers of abrasive grain can also be produced which form an undercut with the tool base. In other words, the tool base body or the second electrode remains in the grinding tool and does not have to be removed from the mold.
  • At least one electrically conductive layer is formed on the tool body. This ensures simple and flexible production with high cutting performance and a long service life. Because the tool base body forms at least one electrically conductive layer, it itself forms the second electrode.
  • the electrically conductive layer is arranged in particular on a base body surface, for example on the front side and/or a rear side of the tool base body, and/or on the inside.
  • the tool body is, for example, made entirely of an electrically conductive material.
  • the tool base body is at least partially made of an electrically conductive material. This ensures simple and flexible production with high cutting performance and a long service life.
  • the tool body itself forms the second electrode due to the electrically conductive material.
  • a method according to claim 3 ensures simple and flexible production with a high cutting capacity and a long service life. Because the second electrode rests against the tool body, the surface of the second electrode runs essentially parallel and/or close to the adhesion surface, so that the abrasive grains are applied to the adhesion surface with a desired orientation. This enables high cutting performance and a long service life.
  • the grinding tool produced by means of the method according to the invention comprises a tool base body which is rigid at least in some areas, and abrasive grains, the abrasive grains being applied directly to the tool base body and the tool base forming a base, the abrasive grains being attached to the base by means of a binding agent are bonded to the tool body and form an abrasive grain layer, the abrasive grain layer being three-dimensionally shaped and curved, the abrasive grains being at least partially aligned with the tool body, at least one electrically non-conductive material of the tool body being coated with the abrasive grains.
  • the abrasive grain layer is three-dimensionally shaped in any way, for example curved and/or in several planes aligned with one another, for example in planes running at an angle to one another.
  • a curved configuration enables, for example, fillet seam processing and/or edge processing.
  • the layer of abrasive grain forms a chamfer through planes running at an angle to one another, which enables roughing or surface processing.
  • the grinding tool Due to the fact that the abrasive grains are aligned with the tool body, i.e. in the three-dimensionally shaped layer of abrasive grain, the grinding tool has a high cutting performance and a long service life in a wide variety of applications.
  • the abrasive grains each have a dimension D and for at least 80%, in particular 90%, and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains, the following applies: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 2500 ⁇ m, and in particular 100 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding tool ensures easy manufacture and flexible use. The grinding properties of the grinding tool are set in the desired manner by the size of the abrasive grains.
  • a grain mixture of larger or coarse-grained abrasive grains and smaller or fine-grained abrasive grains makes it possible, in particular, to adjust the chip spaces in a targeted manner and thus have a positive influence on the cutting performance and the abrasive coating or abrasive grain layer.
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains have a maximum dimension Di, whereas the coarse-grain abrasive grains have a maximum dimension D2 . The following applies: D 1 ⁇ D 2 .
  • the abrasive grains each have a dimension Di and for at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains, the following applies: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 5 ⁇ m ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m, and in particular 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D1 ⁇ 250 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding tool ensures easy manufacture and flexible use.
  • the abrasive grains are fine-grained.
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains serve as filling grains, in particular in connection with coarse-grain abrasive grains.
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains are applied before, together and/or after the coarse-grain abrasive grains.
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains are applied electrostatically and/or mechanically.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains each have a maximum dimension D 2 .
  • D 1 ⁇ D 2 The following applies in particular: D 1 ⁇ D 2 .
  • the abrasive grains preferably each have a maximum dimension D 2 and for at least 80%, in particular 90%, and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains, the following applies: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 150 ⁇ m ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 3000 ⁇ m, and in particular 250 ⁇ m ⁇ D2 ⁇ 1500 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding tool ensures easy manufacture and flexible use.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains are applied in particular in conjunction with fine-grain abrasive grains.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains form the main grains and the fine-grain abrasive grains form the filler grains.
  • the filling grains are made of normal corundum, for example.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains are made of ceramic, for example.
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains each have a maximum dimension D 1 . The following applies in particular: D 1 ⁇ D 2 .
  • a cover bond is preferably applied to the abrasive grain layer, with a cover layer in particular being applied to the cover bond.
  • the grinding tool or the binder (basic bond) is cured in the usual way in an oven.
  • a binder is applied to the layer of abrasive grain to form at least one top bond and, if appropriate, an additional top layer. The cutting performance and the service life are improved by the top bond or the top layer.
  • the binder is designed, for example, to correspond to the binder used to form the adhesive surface and can usually include abrasive fillers, such as cryolite and potassium tetrafluoridoborate.
  • the top coat or top coat is preferably cured in an oven.
  • a device 1 for producing a grinding tool 2 comprises a handling device 3 for handling and positioning a tool body 4, a first electrode 5 and an associated second electrode 6 for generating an electrostatic field E, a dosing device 7 for supplying abrasive grains 8, 9 a conveyor 10.
  • the conveyor device 10 comprises an endless conveyor belt 11 which is tensioned by means of two deflection rollers 12, 13.
  • the deflection roller 12 is driven in rotation, for example by means of an electric drive motor 14 .
  • a part of the conveyor belt 11 that is arranged above the deflection roller 12, 13 with respect to the force of gravity F G forms a conveyor area 15 that extends in a horizontal x-direction and a horizontal y-direction.
  • the dosing device 7 is arranged in front of the electrodes 5 , 6 in a conveying direction 16 .
  • the first electrode 5 is plate-shaped and is arranged below the upper part of the conveyor belt 11 or below the conveyor area 15 in the direction of gravity F G .
  • the second electrode 6 is arranged above the conveyor belt 11 or the conveyor area 15 with respect to the force of gravity F G .
  • the second electrode 6 is thus spaced apart from the first electrode 5 in a vertical z-direction, so that the conveying area 15 runs between the electrodes 5, 6.
  • the x, y and z directions form a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the second electrode 6 is formed separately from the tool body 4 and is shaped in accordance with the tool body 4 .
  • the second electrode 6 is attached to the handling device 3 .
  • the tool base body 4 is held by the handling device 3 in such a way that the second electrode 6 bears against a rear side 17 of the tool base body 4 essentially over its entire surface.
  • the handling device 3 holds the tool body 4 mechanically and/or pneumatically, for example.
  • An electrical voltage U is present between the first electrode 5 and the second electrode 6, which voltage is generated by a voltage source 18 and is adjustable.
  • the tool body 4 has a three-dimensional shape.
  • the tool base body 4 is disk-shaped and has a hub 20, for example.
  • the tool body 4 can have a shank instead of the hub 20 .
  • a design without a hub 20 or a shaft is also possible.
  • the tool base body 4 is curved in a region 21 running around the region 19 .
  • a binding agent 23 is first applied to a front side 22 facing away from the second electrode 6 , so that the binding agent 23 arranged on the tool base body 4 forms a three-dimensionally shaped adhesive surface 24 .
  • the binder 23 is, for example, a resin, in particular phenolic resin.
  • the tool body 4 is made of one usual material such as vulcanized fiber or polyester.
  • the binding agent 23 is applied manually, for example, or by means of the handling device 3 .
  • the tool base body 4 is dipped with the front side 22 into the binding agent 23 by means of the handling device 3 .
  • the tool base body 4 is then positioned in the z-direction above the first electrode 5 by means of the handling device 3, so that the adhesive surface 24 is partially arranged in the electrostatic field E between the electrodes 5, 6.
  • the field lines emerge perpendicularly from the surface of the first electrode 5 and enter the surface of the second electrode 6 perpendicularly, so that the field lines run essentially perpendicularly through the adhesive surface 24 .
  • this is in figure 2 shown as an example for the field lines f 1 , f 2 and f 3 .
  • the abrasive grains 8 , 9 are transported into the electrostatic field E by means of the conveying device 10 in order to form a three-dimensionally shaped abrasive grain layer 25 .
  • the dosing device 7 provides, for example, a mixture of fine-grain abrasive grains 8 and coarse-grain abrasive grains 9 .
  • the fine-grain abrasive grains 8 each have a maximum dimension Di, with at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains 8 being: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 5 ⁇ m ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m , and in particular 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 250 ⁇ m.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains 9 each have a maximum dimension D 2 , the following applies to at least 80%, in particular at least 90% and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains 9: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 150 ⁇ m ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 3000 ⁇ m, and in particular 250 ⁇ m ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 1500 ⁇ m. The following applies in particular: D 1 ⁇ D 2 .
  • the abrasive grains 8, 9 are thus in the mixture the maximum dimension D 1 or D 2 , where the maximum dimension in the mixture is generally denoted as D.
  • the abrasive grains 8, 9 thus have the maximum dimension D, with at least 80%, in particular at least 90%, and in particular at least 95% of the abrasive grains 8, 9: 1 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 5000 ⁇ m, in particular 10 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 2500 ⁇ m, and in particular 100 ⁇ m ⁇ D ⁇ 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the abrasive grains 8, 9 are metered by means of the metering device 7 and fed to the conveyor belt 11 and distributed thereon.
  • the conveyor belt 11 with the abrasive grains 8, 9 arranged thereon is moved in the conveying direction 16 by means of the electric drive motor 14, for example, so that the abrasive grains 8, 9 are introduced into the electrostatic field E.
  • the transport speed in the conveying direction 16 can be adjusted by means of the electric drive motor 14, for example.
  • the abrasive grains 8, 9 are moved against the force of gravity FG to the adhesive surface 24 by the electrostatic field E and aligned along the field lines, for example the field lines f 1 , f 2 and f 3 . If the abrasive grains 8, 9 hit the adhesive surface 24, they remain stuck there.
  • the abrasive grain layer 25 is formed on the tool base body 4 by the adhering abrasive grains 8 , 9 .
  • the tool base body 4 is rotated about a central longitudinal axis 26 by means of the handling device 3.
  • the coarse-grain abrasive grains 9 here form main grains and the fine-grain abrasive grains 8 filler grains.
  • the abrasive-grain layer 25 is three-dimensionally shaped or curved in accordance with the adhesion surface 24 . Additionally will the tool base body 4 is moved, if necessary, in such a way that the central longitudinal axis 26 is aligned in different directions with respect to the first electrode 5 .
  • the tool base body 4 forms a semi-finished product with the binding agent 23 and the abrasive-grain layer 25 .
  • the semi-finished product is released from the handling device 3 and placed in a heating device where the binding agent 23 is cured.
  • At least one cover bond 27 and optionally a cover layer 31 are then applied to the abrasive grain layer 25 in the usual way.
  • the cover bond 27 has, for example, a binder 23 with additional abrasive fillers.
  • the cover layer 31 is applied to the cover bond 27 .
  • the top layer 31 has a binder 23 with additional abrasive fillers, the proportion of abrasive fillers preferably being higher than in the top bond 27.
  • the top bond 27 and the top layer 31 are applied manually, for example.
  • the top bond 27 and the top layer 31 are then cured in a heating device.
  • the binder 23 includes, for example, phenolic resin and chalk.
  • the top bond 27 and the top coat 31 include, for example, phenolic resin, chalk and cryolite.
  • the atmospheric humidity during production is, for example, 0% to 100%, in particular 35% to 80%. In figure 3 the finished grinding tool 2 is shown.
  • the second electrode 6 is smaller than the tool body 4 and covers only a portion of the tool body 4.
  • the second electrode 6 is corresponding in this portion the tool body 4 formed so that the second electrode 6 is parallel to the adhesive surface 24 is substantially.
  • the second electrode 6 does not rest against the rear side 17 of the tool body 4, but is slightly spaced from it.
  • the second electrode 6 is firmly connected to the handling device 3 , whereas the tool base body 4 is rotated about the central longitudinal axis 26 by means of the handling device 3 .
  • the tool base body 4 is thus moved relative to the second electrode 6 by the rotation about the central longitudinal axis 26 .
  • the abrasive grains 8, 9 move in the area of the electrostatic field E in the direction of the adhesive surface 24 and, when they come into contact with the adhesive surface 24, adhere there. Since the tool base body 4 moves relative to the second electrode 6, ie rotates about the central longitudinal axis 26, the entire adhesive surface 24 is coated with the abrasive grains 8, 9. With regard to the further structure of the device 1 and its mode of operation and the further structure of the grinding tool 2, reference is made to the previous exemplary embodiment.
  • the tool base body 4 itself is designed as a second electrode 6 .
  • the tool base body 4 is made of an electrically conductive material, in particular a metal.
  • the tool body 4 is made of aluminum, for example.
  • the inside figure 5 The tool base body 4 shown has a concavely curved area 28 in addition to the flat inner area 19 and the convexly curved area 21 .
  • the adhesive surface 24 is thus three-dimensionally shaped in a complex manner.
  • the applied binder 23 is to avoid a blocking field and to optimize the electrostatic field E electrically conductive.
  • the electrically conductive binding agent 23 is a conductive lacquer, for example.
  • the field lines f 1 to f 3 again run perpendicularly through the adhesive surface 24, so that the abrasive grains 8, 9 are applied to the adhesive surface 24 in an aligned manner, despite the complex-shaped adhesive surface.
  • the central longitudinal axis 26 runs essentially in the xy plane, so that the inner region 19 and the regions 21 and 28 are reliably and homogeneously coated with the abrasive grains 8, 9 by rotating the tool body 4 about the central longitudinal axis.
  • the tool base body 4 comprises a base body 29 made of an electrically non-conductive material and an electrically conductive layer 30 firmly connected to the base body 29. Due to the electrically conductive layer 30, the tool base body 4 itself forms the second electrode 6 out.
  • the layer 30 is, for example, a copper foil.
  • the binder 23 is applied to the electrically conductive layer 30 so that the adhesion surface 24 is formed.
  • the binder 23 can be electrically conductive.
  • the tool base body 4 has the inner area 19 , the convexly curved area 21 and the concavely curved area 28 .
  • a chamfered region 32 or a chamfer is arranged between the inner region 19 and the convexly curved region 21 .
  • the chamfered area 32 and the inner area 19 enclose an angle ⁇ , where ⁇ 180° applies.
  • the chamfered area 32 is used, for example, for roughing or for flat machining.
  • the tool body 4 rotates around the central longitudinal axis 26, so that the adhesive surface 24 is reliably and evenly coated with the abrasive grains 8, 9 despite the complex three-dimensional shape.
  • the formed abrasive-grain layer 25 has a complex three-dimensional shape due to the concave and convex curvature and the chamfer or chamfered portion 32 .
  • the method according to the invention has a small number of production steps and, in particular, avoids the reshaping of coated abrasives.
  • the method according to the invention enables the production of grinding tools 2 with complex, three-dimensionally shaped abrasive grain layers 25 for a large number of different applications.
  • the cutting performance and the service life of the grinding tools 2 are comparable to grinding tools made from abrasives on a backing.
  • the electrostatic application of the abrasive grains 8 , 9 makes it possible in particular for the abrasive grains 8 , 9 to be aligned with their respective longitudinal axes perpendicular to the adhesive surface 24 or the surface of the tool base body 4 . This ensures high cutting performance and a long service life.
  • the grinding tools 2 also have a lower level of noise and vibration and require less effort during use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP17705119.0A 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Verfahren zur herstellung eines schleifwerkzeugs Active EP3397429B1 (de)

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PL17705119.0T PL3397429T3 (pl) 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Sposób wytwarzania narzędzia szlifierskiego

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PCT/EP2017/053281 WO2018149483A1 (de) 2017-02-14 2017-02-14 Verfahren zur herstellung eines schleifwerkzeugs und schleifwerkzeug

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JP (1) JP7269888B2 (es)
KR (1) KR102596678B1 (es)
CN (2) CN114986403A (es)
AU (1) AU2017398968B2 (es)
BR (1) BR112019015694B1 (es)
CA (1) CA3053273C (es)
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AU2018445669A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2021-05-20 August Rüggeberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Grinding tool and method for producing a grinding tool
US11577367B2 (en) 2019-07-18 2023-02-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatic particle alignment method and abrasive article
DE102020212004A1 (de) 2020-09-24 2022-03-24 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schleifartikels sowie Schleifartikel
TWI769101B (zh) * 2021-10-21 2022-06-21 鋒泰五金有限公司 砂紙盤之靜電植砂方法及其裝置
CN115056153A (zh) * 2022-05-09 2022-09-16 浙江大学高端装备研究院 用于钎焊金刚石孔钻布胶布料的夹持装置
CN115008356B (zh) * 2022-07-20 2023-05-05 华侨大学 一种软硬复合结构减薄砂轮的制备方法
DE102022211515A1 (de) 2022-10-31 2024-05-02 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Schleifelement, Schleifmittel und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Schleifelements und/oder des Schleifmittels

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RU2731496C1 (ru) 2020-09-03
KR102596678B1 (ko) 2023-10-31
AU2017398968B2 (en) 2023-12-07
AU2017398968A1 (en) 2019-08-15
BR112019015694A2 (pt) 2020-07-07
CN114986403A (zh) 2022-09-02
MX2019009632A (es) 2019-12-19
RU2731496C9 (ru) 2020-11-18
ES2959836T3 (es) 2024-02-28
US11518002B2 (en) 2022-12-06
CA3053273C (en) 2023-09-26
EP3397429A1 (de) 2018-11-07
CA3053273A1 (en) 2018-08-23
US20200061777A1 (en) 2020-02-27
KR20190119044A (ko) 2019-10-21
CN110290897A (zh) 2019-09-27
JP2020507488A (ja) 2020-03-12
BR112019015694B1 (pt) 2023-02-28
JP7269888B2 (ja) 2023-05-09
WO2018149483A1 (de) 2018-08-23
PL3397429T3 (pl) 2024-02-05

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