EP3396301B1 - Grenade ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'une grenade - Google Patents

Grenade ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'une grenade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3396301B1
EP3396301B1 EP18000308.9A EP18000308A EP3396301B1 EP 3396301 B1 EP3396301 B1 EP 3396301B1 EP 18000308 A EP18000308 A EP 18000308A EP 3396301 B1 EP3396301 B1 EP 3396301B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
firing pin
rocker arm
coupling
spring
main part
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP18000308.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3396301A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Runck
Thorsten Kothe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wescom Signal & Rescue Germany GmbH
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Wescom Signal & Rescue Germany GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3396301A1 publication Critical patent/EP3396301A1/fr
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Publication of EP3396301B1 publication Critical patent/EP3396301B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B27/00—Hand grenades
    • F42B27/08—Hand grenades with handle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/02—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for hand grenades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for actuating a grenade according to the preamble of claim 1 and a hand-operated grenade according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • the grenades discussed here can be those that have a charge for generating an optical and / or acoustic effect, for example a smoke grenade, or an explosive charge.
  • the charge is usually activated by a detonator operated by a spring-loaded firing pin.
  • the firing pin is held in its pre-tensioned state by a lockable rocker arm until the firing pin is specifically unlocked by releasing the rocker arm.
  • a rocker arm for locking and releasing a spring-loaded firing pin until the grenade is used in a form-fitting manner by, for example, a cotter pin or a locking ring in its position locking the cocked firing pin.
  • the firing pin is permanently spring-loaded and the grenade is always ready to fire. This leads to an increased risk potential of such common grenades.
  • a hand-operated grenade which allows the firing pin to be cocked immediately before the grenade is used.
  • a clutch assigned to the firing pin is kept closed by the held rocker arm.
  • the rocker arm is released to ignite the grenade.
  • the Rocker arm pivoted by a rocker arm pivot mechanism so that the spring-loaded firing pin can detonate the grenade.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a hand-operated grenade and a method for manually operating the same, with which the release of the fixation of the pretensioned firing pin can be made simple, but nevertheless reliable.
  • the firing pin is only cocked when necessary. This is preferably done immediately before the intended ignition of the grenade.
  • the cocked firing pin is then locked by the rocker arm until the rocker arm is released.
  • a coupling of the spring-preloaded firing pin is preferably automatically released and the preloaded firing pin is thereby automatically released without the rocker arm having to be actuated in any way. Simply letting go of the rocker arm is enough to release the clutch of the cocked firing pin and / or to separate the parts of the clutch and thereby initiate the ignition of the grenade.
  • the firing pin is cocked by a manually operated clamping means, for example a rotary knob, a rotary flap or a handle, only immediately before the intended firing of the grenade.
  • a manually operated clamping means for example a rotary knob, a rotary flap or a handle
  • the tensioning means it is possible to only store the energy required to ignite the grenade in the firing pin by prestressing at least one spring assigned to it when the intention is to ignite the grenade.
  • the grenade is only ignitable immediately before the intended use.
  • the firing device containing the firing pin is not yet capable of being fired.
  • rocker arm is held in place manually, preferably by hand, before and after the clamping device is actuated. As long as the rocker arm is held in place after the firing pin has been cocked, the grenade will not be fired. The ignition only takes place when the rocker arm is released after the firing pin has been cocked.
  • a hand-operated grenade for solving the aforementioned object has the features of claim 4. Accordingly, a coupling holding the pretensioned firing pin, in particular a cohesive coupling, is provided, which the rocker arm to keeps closed for intended ignition.
  • the clutch of the preloaded firing pin is fixed with the rocker arm until the grenade is to be ignited. By releasing the rocker arm, the clutch is released, which means that it can open or loosen automatically.
  • the firing pin, at least part of it, is released to initiate the ignition process.
  • This design of the firing device of the grenade means that a constantly cocked firing pin is no longer required because the firing pin is cocked at any time and / or when required by the clamping means and is held in the cocked state until the grenade is to be used.
  • the clutch which then opens and / or releases automatically, ensures reliable release of at least one pretensioned part of the firing pin and reliable ignition of the grenade.
  • the invention provides for the firing pin to be divided. To tension the firing pin, the parts of the same are still connected by the coupling, while they are disconnected to activate the detonator, in that the part of the firing pin to which the pre-tensioned spring and / or a part of the coupling is directly assigned is pulsed from the pre-tensioned spring. and / or suddenly against the detonator, preferably a primer, is moved.
  • At least one coupling half has at least one inclined sliding surface. This inclined sliding surface automatically opens and disconnects the coupling as soon as the rocker arm has been released and the coupling halves are no longer held together.
  • One coupling part is automatically released from the other coupling part by sliding off the at least one inclined sliding surface. The main part of the preloaded firing pin comes free from the extension part of the firing pin held by the clamping device.
  • An alternative embodiment of the grenade provides that the main part of the firing pin is axially displaceable on the extension part thereof and the spring-loaded main part is releasably coupled to the extension part by at least one coupling body until the grenade is triggered.
  • the at least one coupling body locks the main part, which is spring-loaded in this way, on the extension part until the ignition process of the grenade is initiated.
  • Such a releasable lock is very reliable.
  • the locking of the main part on the extension part is maintained by the at least one coupling body until the ignition process is initiated by a spring-loaded locking sleeve which at least partially surrounds the main part and allows a relative displacement between the main part and the locking sleeve. If such a relative displacement occurs, for example through a longitudinal movement of the spring-loaded locking sleeve, the at least one coupling body, preferably a ball, can cancel the locking of the main part on the extension part, as a result of which the spring-loaded main part can strike, for example, a primer of the ignition device in a pulse-like manner and thereby ignite the grenade .
  • the locking sleeve in particular the spring-loaded locking sleeve, is held by the rocker arm so that it cannot be displaced longitudinally until the rocker arm is released to initiate the ignition process.
  • the ignition process can be initiated in a targeted manner simply by letting go of the rocker arm without actuating any other means.
  • the preloaded firing pin or at least a part of it can be released and the detonator activated.
  • the coupling also serves to hold the cocked firing pin until it is to be triggered.
  • the cocked firing pin is then released in a simple but nevertheless reliable manner by automatically opening or disconnecting the clutch after releasing the rocker arm.
  • the releasable coupling is expediently arranged between the parts of the firing pin, namely between a main part and an extension part thereof, and / or formed by both.
  • the coupling then serves for the temporary, preferably form-fitting, connection of the ends of the two parts of the firing pin facing one another.
  • the main part of the firing pin which is directly to be preloaded by the spring, can be pulled up to preload the spring and released by disconnecting the coupling to cause the grenade to ignite.
  • the releasable coupling provides for it to be provided with a hook connection.
  • the hooking connection enables the two parts of the coupling to be coupled together in a form-fitting manner. To release, only part of the hooking connection has to be unhooked from the other part of the hooking connection.
  • a part of the hooking connection is preferably permanently assigned to one end of the split firing pin, namely its main part and its extension part.
  • the coupling in such a way that the parts of the coupling can be held together in the closed sense of the held rocker arm, while when the rocker arm is released, the coupling can be automatically released and / or divided by itself, for example, without actively actuating it Hooking connection formed parts or halves of the coupling are detachable from one another by unhooking one part from the other part.
  • the automatic unhooking of the coupling makes it possible to separate or open it without the rocker arm having to be actively operated. Letting go of the rocker arm is enough to release the clutch and release the spring-loaded main part of the firing pin with the half of the clutch assigned to it for activating the detonator, preferably its primer, of the grenade.
  • the clamping means can be designed as a hand-operated button or handle or a hand-operated cap.
  • the tensioning means is preferably formed by a rotary knob or a rotary cap, with which an axial movement for tensioning the firing pin can be generated by manual turning. Such a clamping device can be formed easily and works reliably.
  • the clamping means can also serve to arreiteren the rocker arm in its initial or rest position, preferably in a form-fitting manner, when the firing pin is not yet cocked.
  • the rocker arm is held in its initial or rest position without the risk of it moving back and forth in an uncontrolled manner and thereby inadvertently loosening the grenade.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the hand-operated grenade provides a rotating cap with preferably an outer ring which holds the rocker arm fixing the firing pin in its starting position.
  • the rotary cap When actuated, in particular rotating and / or axially displacing, the rotary cap releases the rocker arm.
  • the rocker arm is preferably held by hand before it is released so that the ignition process is only initiated when the rocker arm is released.
  • the rocker arm is then automatically pivoted by the spring force of the pretensioned spring of the firing pin, whereby the spring-pretensioned firing pin can initiate or trigger the firing process.
  • grenades are hand-operated color smoke grenades. When activated, the color smoke grenades generate an optical signal, namely colored smoke, for example red or orange smoke.
  • All of the color smoke grenades shown in the figures have a cup-like container 11 in which at least one pyrotechnic charge 12 made of a substance that generates color smoke is arranged.
  • An upper end of the container 11 has a central cup-like recess 13 with a central, preferably circular opening 14.
  • the cup-like recess 13 in the upper end of the container 11 serves to partially accommodate an ignition device 15.
  • the ignition device 15 protrudes through the opening 14 in the recess 13 into the interior space 16 of the container 11, which is at least partially filled by the charge 12.
  • An upper part of the ignition device 15 protrudes upward relative to the upper end wall of the container 11.
  • the ignition device 15 is with its middle Part with the recess 13 and thus also with the container 11, preferably permanently connected.
  • the color smoke grante of Figures 1 to 9 has an ignition device 15 which has an igniter body 18, a cap-like delay component 19 screwed onto the lower end of the igniter body 18 and a rocker arm mount 20 placed on an upper end region of the igniter body 18.
  • the igniter body 18, the delay component 19 and the rocker arm mount 20 are connected to one another to form a base component of the ignition device 15.
  • the delay component 19 screwed onto the lower end of the igniter body 18 contains a primer cap 21 at its end facing the lower end of the igniter body 18
  • the color smoke grenade 10 shown here is provided under the primer 21 with a delay charge 22 and an ignition charge 23.
  • the delay charge 22 and / or the ignition charge 23 can optionally be omitted.
  • the rocker arm receptacle 20 With the upper end region of the igniter body 18 extending through the recess 13 of the container 11, the rocker arm receptacle 20 is firmly connected in a suitable manner.
  • the rocker arm seat 20 is for the most part located outside of the container 11, namely protruding from the upper end face of the container 11.
  • a continuous channel 25 extends centrally through the detonator body 18, in which a firing pin 26 is mounted such that it can be moved longitudinally and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, can be moved axially up and down.
  • a lower part of the central continuous channel 25 in the igniter body 18 has a cylindrical widening 27, in which a spring or possibly also several springs is or are arranged, which in the embodiment shown is a compression spring 28.
  • the compression spring 28 is accommodated and guided in the widening 27 in such a way that it can be compressed without constraint.
  • a shaft 29 of the firing pin 26 extends through the compression spring 28 ( Fig. 8 ). At the free lower end of the shaft 29 there is a larger support plate 30 on which a lower end of the compression spring 28 is supported.
  • At least one set of springs made up of a plurality of plate springs with preferably adding spring travel can be provided, alternately oriented in different ways.
  • the firing pin 26 is divided.
  • the firing pin 26 is formed from a lower main part 32 and an upper extension part 33.
  • the compression spring 28 sits on the lower main part 32.
  • the shaft 29 and the support plate 30 are also located on the main part 32 of the firing pin 26.
  • the main part 32 extends essentially axially displaceably through the channel 25 in the igniter body 18.
  • the extension part 33 extends essentially approximately centrally through the rocker arm seat 20.
  • the extension part 33 can be moved axially up and down in the rocker arm seat 20, just like the main part 32.
  • the extension part 33 can also be pivoted somewhat laterally in the rocker arm receptacle 20.
  • the rotating cap 34 is placed from above onto the part of the rocker arm holder 20 protruding from the container 11. That upper part of the rocker arm seat 20 on which the rotary cap 34 is located is provided with an outer, multiple circumferential coiled groove 35 into which at least one corresponding projection, not shown in the figures, engages on the inside of the rotary cap 34.
  • the rotary cap 34 is moved axially upwards with respect to the rocker arm seat 20 in the manner of a screw or, if necessary, also moved down again by turning it back.
  • a rocker arm 37 of the ignition device 15 is also connected to the rocker arm receptacle 20 so as to be pivotable about a tangential, horizontal axis of rotation 31.
  • the axis of rotation 28 lies at a distance next to the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26, which extends through the rocker arm receptacle 20.
  • the axis of rotation 28 is located in a lateral radial slot 42 in the upper part of the rocker arm receptacle 20 located outside of the container 11.
  • the rocker arm 37 is designed as an angle lever with a longer arm 39 and an integrally connected shorter arm 40 angled at 90 °.
  • the horizontal axis of rotation 38 extends through the shorter arm 40, at a small distance from a protruding nose 41 at the free end of the arm 40.
  • the shorter arm 40 runs horizontally and radially across the upper end of the container 11, whereas the longer arm 39 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container 11 in such a way that it rests on the outside of the cylindrical shell of the container 11 or is slightly spaced from it ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the main part 32 and the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26 are temporarily connected to one another.
  • This connection is preferably made in a form-fitting manner.
  • the main part 32 and the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26 are detachably connected to one another.
  • the main part 32 and the extension part 33 are connected until the ignition device 15 is activated.
  • the connection of the main part 32 and the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26 takes place in the embodiment shown by a releasable coupling 43.
  • the two coupling halves 44 and 45 of this coupling 43 are fixed to the opposite, adjacent ends of the main part 32 and the extension part 33, preferably in one piece, arranged.
  • the coupling 43 and its coupling parts 44 and 45 are in the Figures 6 to 8 shown in more detail.
  • the Fig. 8 the main part 32 and the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26 for activating the color smoke grenade 10 with separate coupling parts 44 and 45, so separate coupling 43.
  • the coupling part 44 at the lower end of the extension part 33 has a type of housing 46, which in the embodiment shown consists of a Partly cylindrical body provided on one side with a flat 47 is formed.
  • the flattening 47 runs parallel to the longitudinal center axis of this partially cylindrical body approximately in the vicinity of the longitudinal center axis, the width of the housing 46 starting from the flattening extending somewhat over half the diameter of the cylindrical basic shape of the housing 46.
  • the housing 46 Starting from the vertical flattening 47, there is an approximately rectangular recess 48 in the housing 46, which is followed by a central, vertical groove 49 downwards, i.e. to the main part 32, which extends from the rectangular recess 48 through to the lower end face of the housing 46 runs.
  • the lower wall of the recess 48 is beveled to form two identical sliding surfaces 50 on both sides of the groove 49.
  • the sliding surfaces 50 extend with respect to the horizontal at an angle of more than 45 °, preferably 50 ° to 60 °.
  • the coupling part 45 at the upper free end of the main part 32 of the firing pin 26 is designed in the manner of a flattened symmetrical hammer head.
  • a narrow connecting section 51 which is somewhat narrower than the groove 49, adjoins the shaft 29 of the firing pin 26 or a part of the same forming the shaft of the main part 32.
  • the coupling part 45 has a widened head 52.
  • This head enlargement 52 is somewhat narrower than the recess 48 in the housing 46 and has a thickness which is somewhat smaller than the depth of the recess 48 in the coupling part 44 seen) T-shaped shape.
  • bearing surfaces 53 lie next to the connecting section 51 under the protruding areas of the head widening 52 on both sides. These bearing surfaces 53 run horizontally and at right angles to the flattening 47 on the coupling part 44. These bearing surfaces 53 correspond to the inclined sliding surfaces 50 on the underside of the recess 48 on the coupling part 44. However, it is also conceivable to design the bearing surfaces 53 obliquely. For example, the bearing surfaces 53 can have the same slope as the sliding surfaces 50.
  • the method according to the invention provides for the firing pin 26 to be cocked only before the color smoke grenade 10 is activated.
  • the rocker arm 37 is manually in the Figs. 1 to 3 is held in the position shown, so that the longer arm 39 of the rocker arm 37 rests approximately laterally on the wall of the container 11.
  • the paint smoke grenade 10 is ready for use, the firing pin 26 still remaining locked in the cocked state by the held rocker arm 37.
  • the rocker arm 37 To activate the color smoke grenade 10, only the rocker arm 37 then needs to be released. Then the pretensioned compression spring 28 moves the firing pin 26, but preferably only its main part 32, by the pretensioned compression spring 28 axially downward against the primer cap 21. In the process, the preloaded firing pin 26 pivots the rocker arm 37 about the axis of rotation 38, thereby releasing the path of the firing pin 26 to the primer 21. As a result of in the compression spring 28 stored energy, the firing pin 26 is pulsed at high speed axially in the direction of the primer 21, the tip 31 under the support plate 30 of the firing pin 26 hits the primer 21 with such a high energy that it is triggered and the delay set 22 of the Ignition device 15 fires.
  • Figs. 1 to 5 show the individual sequences of movements for cocking the firing pin 26, as a result of which the paint smoke grenade 10 is quasi “armed” for “igniting” the paint smoke grenade 10 with the above-described ignition device 15 according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 1 shows the entire color smoke grenade 10 and the Fig. 2 only the ignition device 15 of the color smoke grenade 10 in the initial or idle state.
  • the color smoke grenade 10 is then still "fuzzy", so to speak.
  • the firing pin 26 is not yet cocked.
  • the firing pin 26 is still in its lower starting position with the compression spring 28 not yet or not significantly compressed.
  • the rocker arm 37 does not need to be secured (yet). Consequently, no cotter pin or no locking ring is required to lock the rocker arm 37 in the paint smoke grenade 10 according to the invention.
  • the rotating cap 34 which serves as a tensioning means for the firing pin 26, is still in its lower starting position.
  • the rotating cap 34 can rest on the shorter, still horizontal arm 40 of the rocker arm 37.
  • this is not used for the purpose of securing the paint smoke grenade 10 against unintentional activation, but only to ensure that the unsecured rocker arm 37 cannot pivot in an uncontrolled manner about the axis of rotation 38 and thereby be damaged.
  • the main part 32 and the extension part 33 of the firing pin 26 are still connected to one another by the closed coupling 43.
  • the Fig. 3 shows the first stage of the activation of the ignition device 15.
  • the rocker arm 37 is held in its initial position by hand with the long arm 39 resting on the outside of the wall of the container 11, in particular pressed against the outer wall of the container 11.
  • the clamping means is actuated by the rotating cap 34 forming this is rotated by hand on the upper part of the rocker arm mount 20, the rotating cap 34 being in the position shown in FIG Fig. 3
  • the position shown relative to the upper part of the rocker arm mount 20 is moved upwards.
  • the firing pin 26 tensioned by the entire firing pin 26 with the main part 32 connected by the coupling 43 and the extension part 33 being moved up against the force of the compression spring 28.
  • the compression spring 28 is then compressed and tensioned.
  • the Fig. 4 shows an intermediate position of the ignition device 15 at the beginning of the release of the ignition process of the color smoke grenade 10.
  • the rocker arm 37 By releasing the rocker arm 37, it is pivoted about the axis of rotation 38 as shown in the figures in a clockwise direction, whereby the coupling 43 can release automatically. This is done by sliding the bearing surfaces 53 under the head widening 52 of the main part 32 of the coupling part 45 on the inclined sliding surfaces 50 of the coupling part 44 of the extension part 33.
  • the pretensioned compression spring 28 moves the main part 32 of the firing pin 26 impulsively axially downwards and the tip 31 under the support plate 30 of the main part 32 of the firing pin 26 struck onto the primer 21 from above. This activates or triggers the primer cap 21 and thus initiates the ignition of the color smoke grenade 10. Due to the division of the firing pin 26 brought about by the separation of the coupling 43, only the lower main part 32 of the firing pin 26 is moved downward in a pulse-like manner by the pretensioned compression spring 28. The extension part 33 does not take part in this movement. The rotary cap 34 holds this in place so that the extension part 33 does not move along with the main part 32 of the firing pin 26, which is moved axially downward by the compression spring 28, when the color smoke grenade 10 is ignited.
  • the color smoke grenade 54 of the Figures 9-14 corresponds in principle to the color smoke grenade 10 described above.
  • the firing pin 55 is only activated by resilient pretensioning immediately before use, namely ignition.
  • the color smoke grenade 54 is constructed in exactly the same way as the color smoke grenade 10.
  • the pretensioning of the firing pin 55 and the releasing of its coupling 56 for actuating the primer cap 21 takes place in the same way as with the color smoke grenade 10.
  • the method according to the device corresponds with the color smoke grenade 54 to the method previously described in connection with the color smoke grenade 10.
  • the same reference numbers are used for the same parts.
  • the main differences between the color smoke grenade 54 and the color smoke grenade 10 are the differently designed coupling 56 for connecting the two coupling parts, namely a main part 57 and an extension part 58, of the firing pin 55 and the generation of the spring preload of the firing pin 55 from a package several, preferably identical, disk springs 59.
  • disk springs 59 are provided. If necessary - for example to change the spring travel of the spring assembly - a larger or smaller number of disc springs 59 can be used.
  • the respective disc springs 59 follow one another with different orientations, as a result of which the total spring travel of the spring assembly is the sum of the spring travel of each individual disc spring 59.
  • other, in particular mixed, orientations of the disc springs 59 are also conceivable.
  • the coupling 56 of the firing pin 55 is formed by coupling hooks 60 corresponding to one another on the ends of the extension part 58 facing one another on the one hand and of the main part 57 on the other hand.
  • the coupling hooks 60 are designed in the same way, but oriented differently, so that they complement one another.
  • Each coupling hook 60 has a nose 61 located at its end and a groove 62 following it in the longitudinal direction of the main part 57 or of the extension part 58. Both the lugs 61 and the grooves 62 of both coupling hooks 60 are provided with the same profile, the lug 61 in the extension part 58 filling a groove 62 in the main part 57 and vice versa.
  • each coupling hook 60 has an inclined sliding surface 63 which is designed and inclined so that the coupling 56 can be released automatically by sliding the lugs 61 out of their associated grooves 62 of the main part 57 and the Extension part 58.
  • the coupling 56 can be released automatically as soon as a necessary tilting movement of the extension part 58 relative to the main part 57 is made possible by the rocker arm 37.
  • the color smoke grenade 54 also has an ignition device 15 with a rocker arm receptacle 20 in or on which the rocker arm 37 is tiltable about a horizontal axis of rotation 38 running transversely to the longitudinal center axis of the color smoke grenade 54.
  • a rotary cap 34 is placed on the rocker arm holder 20, which can be rotated relative to the rocker arm holder 20 and thereby performs a longitudinal displacement in the manner of a screw on the longitudinal center axis of the color smoke grenade 54, which is directed away from the primer cap 21. With this (based on the Fig. 10 ) The upward movement of the rotary cap 34 moves the extension part 58 of the firing pin 55 mounted thereon along with it, whereby its distance from the primer cap 21 increases.
  • the rotary cap 34 has a groove 64 which is open at the bottom and which, when the rotary cap 34 is rotated to preload the firing pin 55, has one of the pivot axis 38 releases the upper part of the rocker arm 37, so that it is no longer covered by the pivot cap 34 and can therefore be pivoted about the pivot axis 38 when the firing pin 55 is cocked ( Fig. 11 ).
  • rocker arm 37 Before the rocker arm 37 is released by turning the rotary cap 34 by bringing the groove 64 into line with the upper area of the rocker arm 37, the rocker arm 37 must be held by hand to lock the preloaded firing pin 55 and keep the coupling 56 in its closed position Position.
  • a nose-like projection 65 at the upper end of the rocker arm 37 still rests laterally in the area of the coupling 56 on the extension part 58 of the firing pin 55, namely at a point that prevents the coupling 56 from automatically opening when the rocker arm 37 is held.
  • the longitudinal center axis of the extension part 58 is moved out of the longitudinal center axis of the main part 57 of the firing pin 55 and the positive connection of the extension part 58 to the main part 57 is released by opening the coupling 56.
  • the main part 57 of the firing pin 55 can be "shot" longitudinally in a pulse-like manner against the primer 21 and the color smoke grenade 54 can be ignited ( Fig. 12 and 14th ).
  • Figs. 15-20 show a color smoke grenade 66, the ignition of which works in the same way as the color smoke grenades described above according to the method according to the invention.
  • a firing pin 67 of the paint smoke grenade 66 is also spring-loaded shortly before it is ignited.
  • the ignition device 15 of the paint smoke grenade 66 has a rocker arm holder 68 with a horizontal axis of rotation 38 for the rocker arm 37, which runs transversely to the longitudinal center axis of the paint smoke grenade 66.
  • a rotary cap 34 is placed on the rocker arm receptacle 68, which can be rotated relative to the rocker arm receptacle 68 and is on the longitudinal center axis is axially displaceable in such a way that the distance from the primer cap 21 increases (cf. Fig. 15 and 16 ).
  • the firing pin 67 is mounted in the interior of the rocker arm receptacle 68 so as to be axially displaceable on the longitudinal center axis of the paint smoke grenade 66.
  • the firing pin 67 is also divided into two here in that it is composed of a main part 69 and an extension part 70 connected to the rotating cap 34 at its upper end. Both are positively connected to one another by a releasable coupling 71 until the ignition process of the paint smoke grenade 66 is triggered, preferably coupled to one another. This is done by at least one coupling body, which is formed by a ball 72 in the exemplary embodiment shown. If necessary, several, preferably identical, balls 72 or other coupling bodies can be provided.
  • a circumferential constriction 73 In the lower end area of the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67 there is a circumferential constriction 73, the length of which, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the extension part 70, is greater than the diameter of the ball 72, preferably between twice and four times the diameter of the ball 72.
  • the depth of the constriction 73 is less than the diameter of the ball 72, namely about 20% to 50% of the diameter of the ball 72.
  • the main part 69 of the firing pin 67 is cup-shaped with an annular sleeve section 74, which is closed at the bottom, namely on its lower end face facing the primer cap 21, by a base 75.
  • a preferably central ignition projection 76 is located under the base 75.
  • the through-hole 77 is slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 72.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve section 74 is selected so that the transversely extending through-hole 77 has a sufficient length to accommodate the larger part of the ball 72 that does not fit into the constriction 73 .
  • the through-hole 77 for receiving a large part of the ball 72 is located in the sleeve section 74 at the upper end area of the same, just below its open, annular end face 78.
  • the inner diameter of the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 of the firing pin 67 is dimensioned such that the sleeve section 74 is freely movable telescopically in the longitudinal direction on the lower end of the extension part 30.
  • At least the cup-like main part 69 of the firing pin 67 is surrounded by a locking sleeve 79.
  • the locking sleeve 79 has a length which is at least as great as the length of the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 plus the distance which the main part 69 covers to cock the firing pin 67.
  • the inner diameter of the locking sleeve 79 is stepped in that the locking sleeve 79 has a larger inner diameter in the upper end region and thus a circumferential widening 80.
  • the depth of the widening 80 and thus the inner diameter of the locking sleeve 79 in the area of the widening 80 are dimensioned so that when the through-hole 77 for the ball 72 is in the area of the widening of the locking sleeve 79, the ball 72 is completely in the area of the widening 80 of the locking sleeve 79 and the through hole 77 in the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 of the firing pin 67 can be accommodated and thus the ball 72 no longer dips into the constriction 73 in the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67 ( Fig. 20 ).
  • the length of the widening 80 emanating from the circular upper end face of the locking sleeve 79 is dimensioned such that the ball 72 only reaches the area of the widening 80 when the paint smoke grenade 66 is ignited.
  • the ball 72 is still in the area of an inner diameter of the locking sleeve 79 that is matched to the outer diameter of the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 and, compared to the inner diameter in the area of the widening 80, is smaller
  • the ball 72 does not protrude outward from the through hole 77 in the sleeve section 74, but inward, where the protruding part of the ball 72 is received in the constriction 73 in the lower end area of the extension part 70 of firing pin 67 finds ( Fig.
  • the constriction 73 at the lower end of the extension part 70 is longer than the diameter of the ball 72, when the coupling 71 is closed, a relative movement between the extension part 70 and the main part 69 can take place without the ball 72 coming out of the through-hole 77 of the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 can get into the widening 80 of the locking sleeve 79 and thereby the main part 69 could be released from the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67 by opening the coupling 71.
  • the firing pin 67 and the locking sleeve 79 are resiliently preloaded in the direction of the primer cap 21 by their own separate springs.
  • both springs are designed as compression springs 81 and 82.
  • the compression springs 82 and 82 have different diameters.
  • the smaller compression spring 81 is provided to preload the firing pin 67.
  • the larger compression spring 82 is assigned to the locking sleeve 79.
  • Both compression springs 81 and 82 are supported under an upper end wall 83 of the rocker arm receptacle 68.
  • the end wall 83 delimits a cylindrical receiving space 84 for the locking sleeve 79 in the rocker arm receptacle 68 on the upper side.
  • the locking sleeve 79 is axially displaceable, as is the firing pin 67, which is partially surrounded by the locking sleeve 79.
  • the end wall 83 points in the middle a through hole 85 for the passage of an upper end region of the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67.
  • This connection is designed in such a way that a relative rotation between the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67 and the rotary cap 34 is possible.
  • the large compression spring 62 is supported on the upper face of the locking sleeve 79 ( Fig. 18 ).
  • the lower end of the compression spring 81 which is smaller in diameter, is supported on the upper end face 78 of the sleeve section 74 of the main part 69 of the firing pin 67.
  • the locking sleeve 79 has an outer, circumferential diameter reduction 87 in the lower end region.
  • a nose 88 of the rocker arm 37 which protrudes inwardly in the direction of the central longitudinal axis, engages in this.
  • the rocker arm 37 in its initial position pivoted onto the container 11, holds the locking sleeve 79 in its initial position, which is pretensioned by the compression spring 82 in the direction of the primer cap 21 ( Fig. 15 and 16 ).
  • the locking sleeve 79 cannot be moved automatically on the longitudinal center axis of the smoke grenade 66 in the direction of the primer cap 21 as a result of its spring preload.
  • the rocker arm 37 is still in its lower starting position ( Fig. 15 ) located rotary cap 34 secured against unintentional pivoting away from the container 11 by a lower annular collar 89 of the rotary cap 34 on top of a short arm 90 of the rocker arm 37, through which the axis of rotation 38 extends.
  • this short arm 90 is positively fixed or locked in an approximately horizontal position when the initial position of the rocker arm 37 is pivoted onto the container 11 ( Fig. 15 ).
  • the compression spring 82 assigned to the locking sleeve 79 is resiliently biased, but not the compression spring 81 assigned to the firing pin 67.
  • the smaller diameter compression spring 81 assigned to the main part 69 of the firing pin 67 is still in the starting position of the rocker arm 37 and the rotary cap 34 Essentially without pre-tension, so relieved.
  • the rotary cap 34 is rotatably connected to an upper cylindrical extension of the rocker arm receptacle 68 via a movement thread (not shown in detail in the figures).
  • the movement thread is designed in such a way that when the rotary cap 34 is rotated on the upper cylindrical extension of the rocker arm receptacle 68, the rotary cap 34 also moves up the longitudinal axis of the color smoke grenade 66 and thereby moves away from the primer 21 together with the firing pin 67 attached to it. The distance between the firing pin 67 and the primer 21 is increased by turning the rotary cap 34.
  • the ball 72 of the coupling 71 arrives in the areas of the widening 80 of the inner diameter of the locking sleeve 79.
  • the ball 72 is thereby pushed outward, whereby the part of the previously protruding into the constriction 73 of the extension part 70 of the firing pin 67 Ball 72 has come out of the constriction 73, in that an at least equally large opposite part of the ball 72 is now received in the widening 80 of the locking sleeve 79 ( Fig. 18 and 20th ).
  • the coupling 71 is opened and the cup-like main part 69 of the firing pin 67 is separated from the extension part 70 of the same.
  • the main part 69 can now hit the primer 21 from above in a pulsed or abrupt manner along the longitudinal center axis of the color smoke grenade 66, thereby igniting the color smoke grenade 66.

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Claims (14)

  1. Procédé d'actionnement d'une grenade, un percuteur (26, 55, 67) en deux parties précontraint par un ressort étant déclenché par relâchement d'une cuiller (37), par le fait que le percuteur (26, 55, 67) est serré lorsque la cuiller (37) est retenue, le percuteur (26, 55, 67) serré est fixé par la cuiller (37) retenue et en l'occurrence, à l'état serré, bloqué par un accouplement (43, 56, 71) fermé entre les parties du percuteur (26, 55, 67), le blocage du percuteur (26, 55, 67) serré est supprimé par relâchement de la cuiller (37) et en l'occurrence une amorce d'au moins une charge (12) provoquant un effet optique et/ou acoustique ou une détonation étant activée par le percuteur (26, 55, 67), et lors du relâchement de la cuiller (37) l'accouplement (43, 56) du percuteur (26, 55) étant libéré automatiquement et ainsi le percuteur (26, 55) précontraint par ressort étant déclenché pour l'activation de la charge (12), soit par le fait que le blocage du percuteur (26, 55) serré est, après le relâchement de la cuiller (37), libéré automatiquement par ouverture et séparation automatiques de l'accouplement (43, 56) en raison de la précontrainte par ressort du percuteur (26, 55) et en l'occurrence la cuiller (37) est pivotée automatiquement dans une position libérant l'accouplement (43, 56) par la force du ressort précontraint du percuteur (26, 55), ou par le fait qu'un verrouillage d'une partie principale (69) sur une partie de prolongement (70) du percuteur (67) est maintenu par au moins un corps d'accouplement jusqu'à l'amorçage de l'opération d'allumage au moyen d'une douille d'arrêt (79) précontrainte par ressort, laquelle entoure au moins partiellement la partie principale (69) et autorise un déplacement relatif entre la partie principale (69) et la douille d'arrêt (79) et la douille d'arrêt (79) précontrainte par ressort est retenue de manière immobile longitudinalement par la cuiller (37) jusqu'à ce que la cuiller (37) soit relâchée pour l'amorçage de l'opération d'allumage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le percuteur (26, 55, 67) est serré par un moyen de serrage pouvant être actionné à la main, de préférence seulement avant l'amorçage intentionnel de l'allumage de la grenade.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'actionnement du moyen de serrage pour le serrage du percuteur (26, 55, 67), la cuiller (37) est retenue manuellement, de préférence à la main.
  4. Grenade à main comportant un percuteur (26, 55, 67) en deux parties précontraint à l'encontre de la force d'au moins un ressort et doté d'une partie principale (32, 57, 69) et d'une partie de prolongement (33, 58, 70) pour l'activation d'une amorce pour au moins une charge (12) provoquant un effet optique et/ou acoustique ou une explosion, comportant un moyen de serrage associé au percuteur (26, 55, 67) pour la précontrainte du percuteur (26, 55, 67) et comportant une cuiller (37) pour la libération du percuteur (26, 55, 67) précontraint par ressort, un accouplement (43, 56) libérable maintenant ensemble les parties du percuteur (26, 55) en deux parties à l'état précontraint étant prévu entre les parties du percuteur (26, 55), lequel accouplement peut être libéré par la cuiller (37) dans le sens d'une ouverture, et soit l'accouplement (43, 56) comprenant des moitiés d'accouplement qui peuvent être maintenues ensemble par la cuiller (37) retenue, au moins une moitié d'accouplement comprenant une surface de glissement oblique (50) qui provoque l'ouverture et la séparation automatiques de l'accouplement (43, 56) après le relâchement de la cuiller (37), soit au moins un ressort pour le serrage du percuteur (67) étant associé à la partie principale (69) du percuteur (67) réalisé en deux parties, la partie principale (69) pouvant être verrouillée sur la partie de prolongement (70) par au moins un corps d'accouplement et ce verrouillage étant maintenu jusqu'à l'amorçage de l'opération d'allumage au moyen d'une douille d'arrêt (79) précontrainte par ressort, qui entoure la partie principale (69) au moins partiellement, et autorise un déplacement relatif entre la partie principale (69) et la douille d'arrêt (79), la cuiller (37) maintenant de manière immobile longitudinalement la douille d'arrêt (79) précontrainte par ressort jusqu'à son relâchement pour l'amorçage de l'opération d'allumage, et lors du relâchement de la cuiller (37) en raison de la précontrainte par ressort de la douille d'arrêt (79) s'appuyant sur un ergot (88) de la cuiller (37), la cuiller (37) pouvant être pivotée autour d'un axe de rotation (38) horizontal orienté transversalement.
  5. Grenade selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le percuteur (26, 55, 67) comprend l'accouplement (43, 56, 71), de préférence l'accouplement (43, 56, 71) fait partie du percuteur (26, 55, 67).
  6. Grenade selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que l'accouplement (43, 56, 71) est réalisé de manière libérable, de préférence libérable automatiquement, et/ou l'accouplement (43, 56, 71) est fermé dans l'état encore bloqué du percuteur (26, 55, 67) serré, de préférence est maintenu fermé par la cuiller (37) retenue, et l'accouplement (43, 56, 71) peut être libéré ou peut être séparé pour la libération du percuteur (26, 55, 67) serré, en particulier par relâchement de la cuiller (37).
  7. Grenade selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'accouplement (43, 56, 71) libérable en deux parties est réalisé entre la partie principale (32, 57, 69) et la partie de prolongement (33, 58, 70) du percuteur (26, 55, 67).
  8. Grenade selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la partie principale (69) est précontrainte par ressort en direction de l'amorce et au moyen d'au moins le corps d'accouplement la partie principale (69) peut être accouplée à la partie de prolongement (70) du percuteur (67) jusqu'au déclenchement de l'amorce.
  9. Grenade selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce qu'un étranglement (73) pour une partie de l'au moins un corps d'accouplement est disposé au niveau d'une région d'extrémité inférieure de la partie de prolongement (70) du percuteur (67) et une section de douille (74) de la partie principale (69) comprend un évidement pour l'autre partie du ou de chaque corps d'accouplement.
  10. Grenade selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce qu'une section inférieure de la partie de prolongement (70) et/ou au moins une section supérieure de la partie principale (69) du percuteur (67) sont entourées par la douille d'arrêt (79) précontrainte par ressort relativement à celui-ci, de préférence en direction de l'amorce.
  11. Grenade selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la douille d'arrêt (79) peut être fixée par la cuiller (37) retenue dans un état maintenant ensemble la partie principale (69) et la partie de prolongement (70) du percuteur (67) au moyen de l'au moins un corps d'accouplement, de préférence à l'encontre de leur précontrainte par ressort.
  12. Grenade selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que par relâchement de la cuiller (37) la douille d'arrêt (79) est mobile longitudinalement relativement au percuteur (67) en direction de l'amorce par l'au moins un ressort précontraint associé à celle-ci pour la libération de l'accouplement ensemble, effectué par au moins un corps d'accouplement, de la partie principale (69) et de la partie de prolongement (70) du percuteur (67) .
  13. Grenade selon au moins l'une des revendications 4 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'un bouchon rotatif (34) est doté d'une bague extérieure qui maintient dans sa position initiale la cuiller (37) fixant le percuteur (26, 55, 67) et libère la cuiller (37) dans une position d'allumage modifiée relativement à la cuiller (37).
  14. Grenade selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que la cuiller (37) est montée sur un logement de cuiller (20, 68) de manière pivotante autour d'un axe de rotation (38) orienté transversalement et/ou sur le logement de cuiller (20, 68) cylindrique extérieur le bouchon rotatif (34) avec sa bague extérieure est monté rotatif et mobile axialement pour la précontrainte de l'au moins un ressort associé au percuteur (26, 55, 67).
EP18000308.9A 2017-04-25 2018-03-28 Grenade ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'une grenade Active EP3396301B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017003971.2A DE102017003971A1 (de) 2017-04-25 2017-04-25 Granate sowie Verfahren zum Betätigen derselben

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3396301A1 EP3396301A1 (fr) 2018-10-31
EP3396301B1 true EP3396301B1 (fr) 2021-07-21

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EP18000308.9A Active EP3396301B1 (fr) 2017-04-25 2018-03-28 Grenade ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'une grenade

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EP (1) EP3396301B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017003971A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2893876T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347180C (de) * 1920-12-23 1922-01-16 Johannes Krueger Handgranate
US2961962A (en) * 1945-01-19 1960-11-29 Leonard D Jackson Trip-wire flare
DE1762438U (de) * 1957-10-24 1958-02-27 Richard Rinker K G A A Zuendschnuranzuender mit schlagbolzen und zuendschnurhalter.
AT295361B (de) * 1967-06-30 1971-12-27 Foersvarets Fabriksverk Zünder für eine Handgranate oder eine Landmine
EP1397635B1 (fr) * 2001-06-18 2004-12-22 RUAG Ammotec Detonateur pour grenade a main
US7536818B1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Mechanical coupling arrangement between initiator and firing pins
FR3037644B1 (fr) * 2015-06-22 2017-07-21 Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S A Bouchon allumeur sans goupille pour grenade et grenade ansi equipee

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017003971A1 (de) 2018-10-25
EP3396301A1 (fr) 2018-10-31
ES2893876T3 (es) 2022-02-10

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