EP3379004A1 - Composite construction block and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents

Composite construction block and method for manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3379004A1
EP3379004A1 EP18305281.0A EP18305281A EP3379004A1 EP 3379004 A1 EP3379004 A1 EP 3379004A1 EP 18305281 A EP18305281 A EP 18305281A EP 3379004 A1 EP3379004 A1 EP 3379004A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building block
constituent
constituent part
sites
main wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18305281.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Vanhoudt
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Fixolite Usines
Original Assignee
Fixolite Usines
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3379004A1 publication Critical patent/EP3379004A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0234—Angular dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0239—Round dovetails

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of block-shaped building elements, including bancher blocks of the crawling type, and relates to a composite building block of the block-type insulation.
  • these blocks made entirely of a carrier material, those which are in the form of a profiled hollow body of parallelepipedal shape whose side walls delimit either one or at least two cells open towards the above and below this block. They have a profiled shape in the stacking direction, with a section 8 (two cells) or H (with a double transverse wall defining a cell).
  • a fluid material incorporating a hydraulic binder for example of the concrete type, is injected into the cell alignments resulting from the superimposed rows of blocks, in order to create the framework of the resulting wall after solidification.
  • insulating blocks which are generally constituted by a structure consisting of an assembly of two constituent elements, one of which, located on the internal side of the construction, is a block of carrier material (concrete, wood-cement or other) and the other, located on the outer side of the construction, is a rigid insulating member, usually expanded polystyrene or polyurethane or the like.
  • Such a concrete block constituting an insulating block generally comprises one or more assembly sites with an insulating element which consist of one or more male parts or tenons, intended to fit tightly in a complementary female part or mortise, formed in the corresponding insulating element, and whose shape of said male / female parts, for example dovetail, is determined from in such a way that their mechanical connection can oppose their separation when they are subjected to an external traction force.
  • one or more cells formed by the meeting of the concrete part with the corresponding complementary insulating element, constitute, when mounting the blocks on each other for the construction of a wall and as indicated above for conventional blocks, vertical compartments in said wall which are intended to be filled with concrete, so as to self-lock said blocks on top of each other and to achieve a succession of concrete posts constituting, with the horizontal chaining, the frame of said wall.
  • the object sought in this prior document is to subdivide the structural body of the building block into parts thermally insulated from one another by one or more insulating inserts.
  • the insulating elements in the form of platelets are arranged to be arranged entirely inside the building block, as inserts, that is to say without being in contact with the outer faces of these blocks. of construction and a fortiori without forming an outer side of these blocks.
  • the inner and outer faces of this building block are always formed by the structural body. There is therefore no insulation function on the outside of the blocks.
  • the document FR 2,567,177 discloses, for its part, building blocks comprising a first structural part (agglomerated block) and a second insulating part (plate), the latter being arranged to be mounted / fixed on the first part by an insertion of T-section tabs in adapted grooves and formed in the outer component of the wall of a side face of the first structural part.
  • the walls of the block forming the structural part have a double and multi-cellular constitution around central cells and the grooves are formed by a plurality of slit-shaped cuts in the thickness of the outer skin of the wall of the first part. structural.
  • peripheral attachment of the insulating portion in small grooves and with a recovery only at an outer skin of the wall and on a small surface only does not allow to achieve a resistant assembly between the two components and therefore also limits the thickness of the insulating plate that can be secured and the stresses to which it can be subjected and can be transmitted to the structural part.
  • the present invention aims to overcome at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks of existing solutions, while having at least equivalent performance, or even higher in some aspects.
  • the subject of the invention is a composite building block, of the insulating blocking type, comprising two component parts. rigidly connected to one another by multiple mechanical connections, one or the first of said constituent parts being made of a carrier material, comprising at least one cell, traversely open in a stacking direction of said block, and intended to be filled with concrete or a similar loaded hydraulic binder, the other or second constituent part being made of a rigid insulating material having a substantially solid structure in the form of a plate or block, the multiple mechanical bonds comprising tenon / mortise connections obtained by mutual engagement by interlocking sites and formations of shapes complementary parts of the two constituent parts in the stacking direction of the building block, the first constituent part comprising two opposite main walls, parallel and connected transversely by at least two secondary walls delimiting, in cooperation with the two main walls, said at least one cell, and the second constituent part being secured to the first constituent part at a first of its two main walls, building block characterized in that the female sites and the mutually nested male formations of the
  • the figures 1 , 2 and 3 in particular, all show a composite building block 1, of the block-type insulating type, comprising two component parts 2 and 2 'rigidly connected to each other by multiple mechanical connections 4, of which one or first 2 of said constituent parts 2 and 2 ', made of a carrier material, comprising at least one cell 3, traversingly open in a stacking direction DE of said block 1, and intended to be filled with concrete or a similar loaded hydraulic binder, and whose other or second constituent part 2 ', made of a rigid insulating material, having a substantially solid structure in the form of a plate or block.
  • the multiple mechanical connections 4 comprise tenon 5 / mortise bonds 6 obtained by interengagement by interlocking sites and formations of complementary shapes of the two constituent parts 2, 2 'in the stacking direction DE of the building block 1.
  • the first constituent part 2 comprises two opposite main walls 7 and 7 'parallel and connected transversely by at least two secondary walls 8, 8' delimiting, in cooperation with the two main walls 7, 7 ', said at least one cell 3, and the second constituent part 2 'is secured to the first constituent part 2 at a first 7 of its two main walls 7, 7'.
  • the female sites 6 and the mutually nested male formations of the tenon / mortise connections are located in the material thickness of the aforementioned first main wall 7 of the first part 2, that said sites 6 and said formations 5 extend, in the DE stacking direction, only over a fraction of the height H of the building block 1, and that the female sites 6 and the male formations 5, of complementary profiled shapes, have in section in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction DE, a trapezoidal shape, the multiple mechanical connections 4 between the two component parts 2 and 2 'thus corresponding to a multiple assembly with dovetails.
  • the second constituent part 2 ' is in intimate surface contact with the outer face 9 of the first 7 of the two main walls 7, 7' of the first constituent part 6, preferably by covering it completely, the second part 7 'being advantageously in the form of a parallelepipedic block of constant thickness, (except for the extra thicknesses of the formations 5).
  • the female sites 6 are formed in the first main wall 7 of the first part 2, in the form of cuts passing through the entire thickness of said wall 7 and open or opening at the the edge 9 'of said main wall 7 corresponding to the upper edge in the stacking direction DE, and the male formations 5 of conjugate forms consist of projections in one piece of the second constituent part 2', projecting with respect to its surface in contact with the outer face 9 of the first main wall 7 of the first part 2.
  • the front face 5 'of the male formations 5 is in direct contact with the concrete which will be poured into the cells 3, from which it results in this way an additional function of material adhesion and locking in position and of complementary bonding (after hardening of the concrete) for the second part 2 '.
  • the attachment may even be improved by providing a non-planar surface for the front surface 5 ', for example fluted or ribbed (not shown).
  • the first and second component parts 2 and 2 ' have identical dimensions in the stacking direction DE and the female sites 6 and the male formations 5 present in this direction DE of dimensions such that in the assembled state of the block 1 the two constituent parts 2 and 2 'are opposite and mutually level.
  • the multiple mechanical connections 4 comprise two tenon 5 / mortise connections 6, the two female or mortise sites 6 of which are formed in the first main wall 7 of the first part. constitutive 2, in the form of blanks.
  • the two male dovetail formations 5 of the second constituent part 2 ' form between them a tail-tail 10 receiving a dovetail portion 10' defined in the first wall main 7 of the first constituent part 2 between the two female sites 6 forming tail-tails for the two male formations 5.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ is advantageously between 40 ° and 60 °, preferably between 45 ° and 55 °, advantageously of the order of 50 °.
  • the female sites 6 extend in depth, in the stacking direction DE, on at most half of the height H of the first main wall 7 with a solid structure of the first constituent part 2.
  • the first constituent part 2 is made of wood-cement or fiber cement and the second constituent part 2 'is made of an expanded synthetic material, such as polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a block 1 as described above consisting in separately producing a first constituent part 2 forming a carrier component and a second constituent part 2 'forming an insulating component, and then assembling them by by means of multiple mechanical connections 4 of the tenon type 5 / mortise 6 by fitting the tenons of the second part 2 'into the mortises of the first part 2 and by sliding the two constituent parts 2 and 2' with respect to the other, and possibly to lock the assembly.
  • This process is characterized in that it consists in manufacturing the first constituent part 2 with a first solid main wall 7, preferably in the form of a profiled element, for example coming from extrusion of wood-cement or fiber cement, and then digging the female site (s) 6 forming mortise (s) in the thickness of said first wall 7 by means of a conical or frustoconical cutter 12 ( Figures 4A, 4B and 5 ).
  • the second constituent part 2 ' is produced by molding or by extrusion with subsequent machining, and its assembly by sliding interlocking with the first part 2 is locked by gluing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet un bloc de construction (1) composite comprenant une première partie constitutive (2) en un matériau porteur et une seconde partie constitutive (2') en un matériau isolant rigide reliées par les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) des liaisons tenon (5)/ mortaise (6). Les mortaises (6) et les tenons (5) mutuellement imbriqués sont situés dans l'épaisseur de matière de la première paroi principale (7) précitée de la première partie (2), ne s'étendent, dans la direction d'empilement, que sur une fraction de la hauteur du bloc de construction (1), et présentent en section selon un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'empilement, une forme trapézoïdale, les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) entre les deux parties constitutives (2 et 2') correspondant ainsi à un assemblage multiple à queues d'aronde.

Figure imgaf001
The subject of the present invention is a composite building block (1) comprising a first constitutive part (2) of a carrier material and a second constituent part (2 ') of a rigid insulating material connected by the multiple mechanical connections (4) of the tenon (5) / mortise (6) connections. The mutually interlocking mortises (6) and tenons (5) are located in the material thickness of the aforesaid first main wall (7) of the first part (2), extend in the stacking direction, only on a fraction of the height of the building block (1), and present in section in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction, a trapezoidal shape, the multiple mechanical connections (4) between the two component parts (2 and 2 ') thus corresponding to a multiple dovetail assembly.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des éléments de construction en forme de blocs, notamment de blocs à bancher du genre parpaing, et a pour objet un bloc de construction composite du type parpaing isolant.The present invention relates to the field of block-shaped building elements, including bancher blocks of the crawling type, and relates to a composite building block of the block-type insulation.

On sait que les parpaings classiques utilisés en construction pour la réalisation notamment de murs extérieurs présentent une forme globalement parallélépipédique et sont destinés à être empilés les uns sur les autres par rangs successifs.It is known that the conventional blocks used in construction for the realization in particular of external walls have a generally parallelepiped shape and are intended to be stacked on top of each other in successive rows.

Parmi ces parpaings réalisés entièrement en un matériau porteur, on connaît notamment ceux qui se présentent sous la forme d'un corps creux profilé de forme parallélépipédique, dont les parois latérales délimitent soit une, soit au moins deux alvéoles, ouverte(s) vers le dessus et vers le dessous de ce bloc. Ils présentent une forme profilée dans la direction d'empilement, avec une section en 8 (deux alvéoles) ou en H (avec une double paroi transversale définissant une alvéole).Among these blocks made entirely of a carrier material, those which are in the form of a profiled hollow body of parallelepipedal shape whose side walls delimit either one or at least two cells open towards the above and below this block. They have a profiled shape in the stacking direction, with a section 8 (two cells) or H (with a double transverse wall defining a cell).

Après empilement, un matériau fluide intégrant un liant hydraulique, par exemple du type béton, est injecté dans les alignements d'alvéoles résultant des rangées superposées de blocs, afin de créer l'ossature du mur résultant après solidification.After stacking, a fluid material incorporating a hydraulic binder, for example of the concrete type, is injected into the cell alignments resulting from the superimposed rows of blocks, in order to create the framework of the resulting wall after solidification.

Il est également connu actuellement d'utiliser, pour une meilleure isolation phonique et thermique des murs, des parpaings isolants qui sont généralement constitués d'une structure consistant en un assemblage de deux éléments constitutifs, dont l'un, situé du côté interne de la construction, est un bloc en matériau porteur (béton, bois-ciment ou autre) et l'autre, situé du côté externe de la construction, est un élément isolant rigide, généralement en polystyrène ou polyuréthane expansé ou analogue.It is also currently known to use, for better acoustic and thermal insulation of walls, insulating blocks which are generally constituted by a structure consisting of an assembly of two constituent elements, one of which, located on the internal side of the construction, is a block of carrier material (concrete, wood-cement or other) and the other, located on the outer side of the construction, is a rigid insulating member, usually expanded polystyrene or polyurethane or the like.

Un tel bloc en béton constitutif d'un parpaing isolant comporte généralement un ou plusieurs sites d'assemblage avec un élément isolant qui consistent en une ou plusieurs parties mâles ou tenons, destinés à venir s'insérer étroitement dans une partie femelle complémentaire ou mortaise, pratiquée dans l'élément isolant correspondant, et dont la forme desdites parties mâle/femelle, par exemple en queue d'aronde, est déterminée de manière que leur liaison mécanique puisse s'opposer à leur séparation lorsqu'elles sont soumises à une force de traction extérieure.Such a concrete block constituting an insulating block generally comprises one or more assembly sites with an insulating element which consist of one or more male parts or tenons, intended to fit tightly in a complementary female part or mortise, formed in the corresponding insulating element, and whose shape of said male / female parts, for example dovetail, is determined from in such a way that their mechanical connection can oppose their separation when they are subjected to an external traction force.

En outre, une ou plusieurs alvéoles, formées par la réunion de la partie en béton avec l'élément isolant complémentaire correspondant, constituent, lors du montage des parpaings les uns sur les autres pour la construction d'un mur et comme indiqué ci-dessus pour les parpaings classiques, des compartiments verticaux dans ledit mur qui sont destinés à être remplis de béton, ceci de manière à auto-verrouiller lesdits parpaings les uns sur les autres et à réaliser une succession de poteaux en béton constituant, avec les chaînages horizontaux, l'ossature dudit mur.In addition, one or more cells, formed by the meeting of the concrete part with the corresponding complementary insulating element, constitute, when mounting the blocks on each other for the construction of a wall and as indicated above for conventional blocks, vertical compartments in said wall which are intended to be filled with concrete, so as to self-lock said blocks on top of each other and to achieve a succession of concrete posts constituting, with the horizontal chaining, the frame of said wall.

Par les documents FR 2 597 907 , EP 0 882 850 , DE 295 10 640 et DE 296 01 827 notamment, on connaît des parpaings composites du type précité formé par surmoulage de la composante isolante sur la composante porteuse et/ou par assemblage par accrochage des deux composantes au niveau de sites de formes complémentaires.By the documents FR 2 597 907 , EP 0 882 850 , DE 295 10 640 and DE 296 01 827 in particular, there are known composite blocks of the aforementioned type formed by overmoulding of the insulating component on the carrier component and / or by bonding assembly of the two components at sites of complementary shapes.

Toutefois, ces réalisations de parpaings isolants connus nécessitent obligatoirement la mise au point de nouveaux moules pour la composante porteuse et le moulage délicat de sites d'accrochage de forme complexe. En outre, la résistance de l'assemblage entre les deux composantes est souvent limitée, ce qui peut résulter en un décrochement ou une séparation des deux composantes sous la pression du béton injecté dans les alvéoles, ou en la rupture de l'une des deux composantes.However, these achievements of known insulating blocks necessarily require the development of new molds for the carrier component and the delicate molding of complex shaped fastening sites. In addition, the resistance of the assembly between the two components is often limited, which can result in a recess or separation of the two components under the pressure of the concrete injected into the cells, or in the rupture of one of the two components. components.

Par ailleurs, on connaît par le document US 4 380 887 un bloc de construction isolant constitué, d'une part, par un premier élément en un matériau porteur et qui forme le corps structurel du bloc et, d'autre part, par des éléments secondaires isolants, réalisés sous forme de plaquettes et destinés à être insérés dans des logements particuliers ménagés dans le premier élément et s'étendant dans les alvéoles.Moreover, we know from the document US 4,380,887 an insulating building block constituted, on the one hand, by a first element of a carrier material and which forms the structural body of the block and, on the other hand, by insulating secondary elements, made in the form of platelets and intended to be inserted in special housing formed in the first element and extending into the cells.

Le but recherché dans ce document antérieur est de subdiviser le corps structurel du bloc de construction en des parties isolées thermiquement l'une de l'autre par un ou des inserts isolants.The object sought in this prior document is to subdivide the structural body of the building block into parts thermally insulated from one another by one or more insulating inserts.

A cet effet, les éléments isolants en forme de plaquettes sont arrangés pour être disposés entièrement à l'intérieur du bloc de construction, en tant qu'inserts, c'est-à-dire sans être en contact avec les faces extérieures de ces blocs de construction et a fortiori sans former un côté extérieur de ces blocs. En particulier, les faces intérieure et extérieure de ce bloc de construction sont toujours formées par le corps structurel. Il n'y a donc aucune fonction d'isolation sur l'extérieur des blocs.For this purpose, the insulating elements in the form of platelets are arranged to be arranged entirely inside the building block, as inserts, that is to say without being in contact with the outer faces of these blocks. of construction and a fortiori without forming an outer side of these blocks. In particular, the inner and outer faces of this building block are always formed by the structural body. There is therefore no insulation function on the outside of the blocks.

Enfin, le document FR 2 567 177 divulgue, quant à lui, des blocs de construction comprenant une première partie structurelle (bloc aggloméré) et une seconde partie isolante (plaque), cette dernière étant arrangée pour être montée/fixée sur la première partie par une insertion de languettes à section en T dans des rainures adaptées et ménagées dans la composante extérieure de la paroi d'une face latérale de la première partie structurelle.Finally, the document FR 2,567,177 discloses, for its part, building blocks comprising a first structural part (agglomerated block) and a second insulating part (plate), the latter being arranged to be mounted / fixed on the first part by an insertion of T-section tabs in adapted grooves and formed in the outer component of the wall of a side face of the first structural part.

Les parois du bloc formant la partie structurelle présentent une constitution double et multialvéolaire autour d'alvéoles centrales et les rainures sont formées grâce à une pluralité de découpes en forme de fentes ménagées dans l'épaisseur de la peau extérieure de la paroi de la première partie structurelle.The walls of the block forming the structural part have a double and multi-cellular constitution around central cells and the grooves are formed by a plurality of slit-shaped cuts in the thickness of the outer skin of the wall of the first part. structural.

La constitution complexe de la partie structurelle (parois doubles et multialvéolaires) entraîne une fabrication relativement délicate et un surcoût important pour le bloc de construction selon ce document FR.The complex constitution of the structural part (double and multi-cellular walls) leads to a relatively delicate manufacture and a significant additional cost for the building block according to this document FR.

De plus, l'accrochage périphérique de la partie isolante dans des rainures de faible taille et avec une reprise uniquement au niveau d'une peau externe de la paroi et sur une faible surface seulement, ne permet pas d'aboutir à un assemblage résistant entre les deux composantes et limite de ce fait également l'épaisseur de la plaque isolante pouvant être solidarisée et les contraintes auxquelles cette dernière peut être soumise et pouvant être transmises à la partie structurelle.In addition, the peripheral attachment of the insulating portion in small grooves and with a recovery only at an outer skin of the wall and on a small surface only, does not allow to achieve a resistant assembly between the two components and therefore also limits the thickness of the insulating plate that can be secured and the stresses to which it can be subjected and can be transmitted to the structural part.

Par ailleurs, la nature de l'assemblage dans le document FR 2 567 177 nécessite une fabrication de très grande précision des parties coopérantes pour, d'une part, aboutir à une liaison rigide et sans jeux et, d'autre part, éviter les blocages lors de l'emboîtement par coulissement.Moreover, the nature of the assembly in the document FR 2,567,177 requires a very high precision manufacturing of the cooperating parts to, on the one hand, lead to a rigid connection and without games and, on the other hand, avoid blockages during sliding interlocking.

Enfin, les sites de réception femelles sous forme de rainures étant ouverts sur toute la hauteur du bloc structurel, l'emboîtement n'est pas automaintenu dans la direction d'empilement.Finally, since the female reception sites in the form of grooves are open over the entire height of the structural block, the interlocking is not automatic in the stacking direction.

La présente invention a pour objet de pallier au moins certains des inconvénients précités des solutions existantes, tout en présentant des performances au moins équivalentes, voire supérieures sur certains aspects.The present invention aims to overcome at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks of existing solutions, while having at least equivalent performance, or even higher in some aspects.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un bloc de construction composite, du type parpaing isolant, comprenant deux parties constitutives assemblées rigidement l'une avec l'autre par des liaisons mécaniques multiples,
l'une ou première desdites parties constitutives étant réalisée en un matériau porteur, comportant au moins une alvéole, ouverte de manière traversante selon une direction d'empilement dudit bloc, et destinée à être remplie de béton ou d'un liant hydraulique chargé analogue,
l'autre ou seconde partie constitutive étant réalisée en un matériau isolant rigide présentant une structure sensiblement pleine en forme de plaque ou de bloc, les liaisons mécaniques multiples comprenant des liaisons tenon/mortaise obtenues par engagement mutuel par emboîtement de sites et de formations de formes complémentaires des deux parties constitutives dans la direction d'empilement du bloc de construction,
la première partie constitutive comprenant deux parois principales opposées, parallèles et reliées transversalement par au moins deux parois secondaires délimitant, en coopération avec les deux parois principales, ladite au moins une alvéole, et
la seconde partie constitutive étant solidarisée avec la première partie constitutive au niveau d'une première de ses deux parois principales,
bloc de construction caractérisé
en ce que les sites femelles et les formations mâles mutuellement imbriqués des liaisons tenon/mortaise sont situés dans l'épaisseur de matière de la première paroi principale précitée de la première partie,
en ce que lesdits sites et lesdites formations ne s'étendent, dans la direction d'empilement, que sur une fraction de la hauteur du bloc de construction, et
en ce que les sites femelles et les formations mâles, de formes profilées complémentaires, présentent en section selon un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'empilement, une forme trapézoïdale, les liaisons mécaniques multiples entre les deux parties constitutives correspondant ainsi à un assemblage multiple à queues d'aronde.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a composite building block, of the insulating blocking type, comprising two component parts. rigidly connected to one another by multiple mechanical connections,
one or the first of said constituent parts being made of a carrier material, comprising at least one cell, traversely open in a stacking direction of said block, and intended to be filled with concrete or a similar loaded hydraulic binder,
the other or second constituent part being made of a rigid insulating material having a substantially solid structure in the form of a plate or block, the multiple mechanical bonds comprising tenon / mortise connections obtained by mutual engagement by interlocking sites and formations of shapes complementary parts of the two constituent parts in the stacking direction of the building block,
the first constituent part comprising two opposite main walls, parallel and connected transversely by at least two secondary walls delimiting, in cooperation with the two main walls, said at least one cell, and
the second constituent part being secured to the first constituent part at a first of its two main walls,
building block characterized
in that the female sites and the mutually nested male formations of the tenon / mortise connections are located in the material thickness of the aforementioned first main wall of the first part,
in that said sites and said formations extend, in the stacking direction, only over a fraction of the height of the building block, and
in that the female sites and the male formations, of complementary profiled shapes, present in section in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction, a trapezoidal shape, the multiple mechanical bonds between the two constituent parts thus corresponding to a multiple assembly to dovetails.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1A et 2A sont des vues éclatées et en perspective montrant les deux parties constitutives d'un bloc de construction composite selon deux variantes d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les figures 1B et 2B sont des vues des blocs représentés respectivement aux figures 1A et 2A, à l'état assemblé ;
  • la figure 2C est une vue en coupe selon le plan PC du bloc représenté figure 2B ;
  • les figures 3A et 3B sont respectivement une vue en coupe (figure 3A) et une vue éclatée en perspective (figure 3B) d'un bloc de construction composite selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention ;
  • les figures 4A et 4B sont des vues en élévation selon deux directions différentes illustrant l'usinage d'un site femelle dans une première partie constitutive (composant porteur) du bloc des figures 3 au moyen d'une fraise conique ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon A-A de la partie constitutive en phase d'usinage représentée sur la figure 4B, et
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe selon B-B de la partie constitutive représentée sur la figure 5.
The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which refers to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1A and 2A are exploded and perspective views showing the two constituent parts of a composite building block according to two variants of a first embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figures 1B and 2B are views of the blocks represented respectively in Figures 1A and 2A , in the assembled state;
  • the Figure 2C is a sectional view along the PC plane of the block shown Figure 2B ;
  • the Figures 3A and 3B are respectively a sectional view ( figure 3A ) and an exploded view in perspective ( figure 3B ) a composite building block according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figures 4A and 4B are views in elevation in two different directions illustrating the machining of a female site in a first constituent part (carrier component) of the block of figures 3 by means of a conical bur;
  • the figure 5 is a sectional view along AA of the constituent part in the machining phase shown in FIG. Figure 4B , and
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view along BB of the constituent part shown in FIG. figure 5 .

Les figures 1, 2 et 3 notamment, montrent toutes un bloc de construction 1 composite, du type parpaing isolant, comprenant deux parties constitutives 2 et 2' assemblées rigidement l'une avec l'autre par des liaisons mécaniques multiples 4, dont l'une ou première 2 desdites parties constitutives 2 et 2', réalisée en un matériau porteur, comportant au moins une alvéole 3, ouverte de manière traversante selon une direction d'empilement DE dudit bloc 1, et étant destinée à être remplie de béton ou d'un liant hydraulique chargé analogue, et dont l'autre ou seconde partie constitutive 2', réalisée en un matériau isolant rigide, présentant une structure sensiblement pleine en forme de plaque ou de bloc. Les liaisons mécaniques multiples 4 comprennent des liaisons tenon 5/mortaise 6 obtenues par engagement mutuel par emboîtement de sites et de formations de formes complémentaires des deux parties constitutives 2, 2' dans la direction d'empilement DE du bloc de construction 1.The figures 1 , 2 and 3 in particular, all show a composite building block 1, of the block-type insulating type, comprising two component parts 2 and 2 'rigidly connected to each other by multiple mechanical connections 4, of which one or first 2 of said constituent parts 2 and 2 ', made of a carrier material, comprising at least one cell 3, traversingly open in a stacking direction DE of said block 1, and intended to be filled with concrete or a similar loaded hydraulic binder, and whose other or second constituent part 2 ', made of a rigid insulating material, having a substantially solid structure in the form of a plate or block. The multiple mechanical connections 4 comprise tenon 5 / mortise bonds 6 obtained by interengagement by interlocking sites and formations of complementary shapes of the two constituent parts 2, 2 'in the stacking direction DE of the building block 1.

La première partie constitutive 2 comprend deux parois principales 7 et 7' opposées, parallèles et reliées transversalement par au moins deux parois secondaires 8, 8' délimitant, en coopération avec les deux parois principales 7, 7', ladite au moins une alvéole 3, et la seconde partie constitutive 2' est solidarisée avec la première partie constitutive 2 au niveau d'une première 7 de ses deux parois principales 7, 7'.The first constituent part 2 comprises two opposite main walls 7 and 7 'parallel and connected transversely by at least two secondary walls 8, 8' delimiting, in cooperation with the two main walls 7, 7 ', said at least one cell 3, and the second constituent part 2 'is secured to the first constituent part 2 at a first 7 of its two main walls 7, 7'.

Conformément à l'invention, il est prévu que les sites femelles 6 et les formations mâles 5 mutuellement imbriqués des liaisons 4 tenon/mortaise soient situés dans l'épaisseur de matière de la première paroi principale 7 précitée de la première partie 2, que lesdits sites 6 et lesdites formations 5 ne s'étendent, dans la direction d'empilement DE, que sur une fraction de la hauteur H du bloc de construction 1, et que les sites femelles 6 et les formations mâles 5, de formes profilées complémentaires, présentent en section selon un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'empilement DE, une forme trapézoïdale, les liaisons mécaniques multiples 4 entre les deux parties constitutives 2 et 2' correspondant ainsi à un assemblage multiple à queues d'aronde.According to the invention, it is envisaged that the female sites 6 and the mutually nested male formations of the tenon / mortise connections are located in the material thickness of the aforementioned first main wall 7 of the first part 2, that said sites 6 and said formations 5 extend, in the DE stacking direction, only over a fraction of the height H of the building block 1, and that the female sites 6 and the male formations 5, of complementary profiled shapes, have in section in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction DE, a trapezoidal shape, the multiple mechanical connections 4 between the two component parts 2 and 2 'thus corresponding to a multiple assembly with dovetails.

Grâce aux dispositions techniques précédentes, on aboutit à une liaison d'assemblage entre les deux parties constitutives 2 et 2' qui est autobloquante à l'état assemblé, résistante (reprise d'effort sur la totalité de l'épaisseur de la paroi pleine 7) et aisée à mettre en oeuvre (absence de blocage lors de l'emboîtement par coulissement), tout en conservant la délimitation continue des alvéoles 3.With the preceding technical provisions, it leads to an assembly connection between the two constituent parts 2 and 2 'which is self-locking in the assembled state, resistant (recovery of stress over the entire thickness of the solid wall 7 ) and easy to implement (no locking during sliding engagement), while maintaining the continuous delineation of the cells 3.

Avantageusement et comme le montrent également les figures 1 à 3, la seconde partie constitutive 2' est en contact surfacique intime avec la face externe 9 de la première 7 des deux parois principales 7, 7' de la première partie constitutive 6, préférentiellement en la recouvrant totalement, la seconde partie 7' se présentant avantageusement sous la forme d'un bloc parallélépipédique d'épaisseur constante, (à l'exception des surépaisseurs des formations 5).Advantageously and as also shown by Figures 1 to 3 the second constituent part 2 'is in intimate surface contact with the outer face 9 of the first 7 of the two main walls 7, 7' of the first constituent part 6, preferably by covering it completely, the second part 7 'being advantageously in the form of a parallelepipedic block of constant thickness, (except for the extra thicknesses of the formations 5).

En accord avec une caractéristique constructive pratique très avantageuse, les sites femelles 6 sont ménagées dans la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie 2, sous la forme de découpes traversant la totalité de l'épaisseur de ladite paroi 7 et ouvertes ou débouchantes au niveau du bord 9' de ladite paroi principale 7 correspondant au bord supérieur dans la direction d'empilement DE, et les formations mâles 5 de formes conjuguées consistent en des projections d'un seul tenant de la seconde partie constitutive 2', saillantes par rapport à sa surface en contact avec la face externe 9 de la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie 2.In accordance with a very advantageous practical constructive characteristic, the female sites 6 are formed in the first main wall 7 of the first part 2, in the form of cuts passing through the entire thickness of said wall 7 and open or opening at the the edge 9 'of said main wall 7 corresponding to the upper edge in the stacking direction DE, and the male formations 5 of conjugate forms consist of projections in one piece of the second constituent part 2', projecting with respect to its surface in contact with the outer face 9 of the first main wall 7 of the first part 2.

Grâce à cette disposition, la surface de contact entre les formations mâles 5 de la seconde partie 2' et la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie 2 est maximisée, quel que soit l'angle α des côtés trapézoïdaux, d'où une meilleure accroche et un emboîtement plus stable et résistant. De plus, les contraintes transmises sont réparties sur toute l'épaisseur de ladite paroi 7.With this arrangement, the contact surface between the male formations 5 of the second part 2 'and the first main wall 7 of the first part 2 is maximized, regardless of the angle α of the trapezoidal sides, hence a better grip and a more stable and resistant interlocking. In addition, the transmitted stresses are distributed over the entire thickness of said wall 7.

En outre, la face frontale 5' des formations mâles 5 est en contact direct avec le béton qui sera coulé dans les alvéoles 3, d'où il résulte par ce biais une fonction additionnelle d'adhérence matière et de blocage en position et d'accrochage complémentaire (après durcissement du béton) pour la seconde partie 2'. L'accrochage peut éventuellement même être améliorée en prévoyant une surface non plane pour la surface frontale 5', par exemple cannelée ou nervurée (non représentée).In addition, the front face 5 'of the male formations 5 is in direct contact with the concrete which will be poured into the cells 3, from which it results in this way an additional function of material adhesion and locking in position and of complementary bonding (after hardening of the concrete) for the second part 2 '. The attachment may even be improved by providing a non-planar surface for the front surface 5 ', for example fluted or ribbed (not shown).

Enfin, au niveau des formations saillantes 5, il sera possible d'établir des ancrages (par chevillage par exemple) directement dans le béton, sans traverser la première paroi principale 7 (et donc sans la fragiliser et en étant sûr d'avoir un ancrage résistant).Finally, at the level of the projecting formations 5, it will be possible to establish anchors (by pinning for example) directly in the concrete, without crossing the first main wall 7 (and therefore without weakening it and being sure to have an anchor resistant).

En vue d'aboutir à un bloc composite 1 ayant une forme extérieure parallélépipédique rectangle, les première et seconde parties constitutives 2 et 2' présentent des dimensions identiques dans la direction d'empilement DE et les sites femelles 6 et les formations mâles 5 présentent dans cette direction DE des dimensions telles qu'à l'état assemblé du bloc 1 les deux parties constitutives 2 et 2' sont en regard et mutuellement de niveau.In order to achieve a composite block 1 having a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape, the first and second component parts 2 and 2 'have identical dimensions in the stacking direction DE and the female sites 6 and the male formations 5 present in this direction DE of dimensions such that in the assembled state of the block 1 the two constituent parts 2 and 2 'are opposite and mutually level.

Conformément à un compromis avantageux entre complexité constructive et robustesse et précision de la liaison, les liaisons mécaniques multiples 4 comprennent deux liaisons tenon 5/mortaise 6, dont les deux sites femelles ou mortaises 6 sont ménagés dans la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie constitutive 2, sous forme de découpes.In accordance with an advantageous compromise between constructive complexity and robustness and accuracy of the connection, the multiple mechanical connections 4 comprise two tenon 5 / mortise connections 6, the two female or mortise sites 6 of which are formed in the first main wall 7 of the first part. constitutive 2, in the form of blanks.

Grâce à leur forme et à leur disposition singulières, les deux formations mâles en queues d'aronde 5 de la seconde partie constitutive 2' forment entre elles une contre-queue 10 recevant une partie en queue d'aronde 10' définie dans la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie constitutive 2 entre les deux sites femelles 6 formant contre-queues pour les deux formations mâles 5. On aboutit ainsi à une liaison par triple imbrication mutuelle entre les formations et sites des faces en regard des deux parties 2 et 2'.Due to their singular shape and arrangement, the two male dovetail formations 5 of the second constituent part 2 'form between them a tail-tail 10 receiving a dovetail portion 10' defined in the first wall main 7 of the first constituent part 2 between the two female sites 6 forming tail-tails for the two male formations 5. This leads to a triple bonding mutual connection between the formations and sites of the faces opposite the two parts 2 and 2 .

Pour assurer également un accrochage transversal en fond de mortaise et fournir une butée d'assemblage, tout en autorisant une réalisation par simple usinage, il peut être prévu que la paroi 11 du fond de chaque site femelle 6 de la première paroi principale 7 de la première partie constitutive 2, opposée à leur ouverture débouchante au niveau du bord 9' de cette paroi 7, soit inclinée par rapport aux faces opposées extérieure et intérieure de ladite paroi principale 7, par exemple avec une inclinaison de même ampleur que celles des parois latérales inclinées du site 6 considéré.To also provide a transverse hooking mortise bottom and provide an assembly stop, while allowing a realization by simple machining, it can be expected that the wall 11 of the bottom of each female site 6 of the first main wall 7 of the first constituent part 2, opposed to their opening opening at the edge 9 'of this wall 7, is inclined relative to the opposite outer and inner faces of said main wall 7, for example with an inclination of the same magnitude as those of the side walls inclined site 6 considered.

L'angle d'inclinaison α est avantageusement compris entre 40° et 60°, préférentiellement entre 45° et 55°, avantageusement de l'ordre de 50°.The angle of inclination α is advantageously between 40 ° and 60 °, preferably between 45 ° and 55 °, advantageously of the order of 50 °.

Lorsque la découpe formant le site 6 est réalisée par usinage au moyen d'une fraise conique 12, ladite paroi 11 délimite une surface semi-tronconique, comme le montrent les figures 3B et 5.When the cutout forming the site 6 is made by machining by means of a conical bur 12, said wall 11 delimits a semi-frustoconical surface, as shown by FIGS. Figures 3B and 5 .

Afin de ne pas fragiliser excessivement la première paroi principale 7, tout en autorisant un assemblage par accrochage et emboîtement avec une résistance suffisante, les sites femelles 6 s'étendent en profondeur, dans la direction d'empilement DE, sur au plus la moitié de la hauteur H de la première paroi principale 7 à structure pleine de la première partie constitutive 2.In order not to excessively weaken the first main wall 7, while allowing an assembly by hooking and interlocking with sufficient strength, the female sites 6 extend in depth, in the stacking direction DE, on at most half of the height H of the first main wall 7 with a solid structure of the first constituent part 2.

De manière avantageuse, la première partie constitutive 2 est réalisée en bois-ciment ou en fibrociment et la seconde partie constitutive 2' est réalisée en un matériau synthétique expansé, tel que de la mousse de polyuréthane ou du polystyrène expansé.Advantageously, the first constituent part 2 is made of wood-cement or fiber cement and the second constituent part 2 'is made of an expanded synthetic material, such as polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un bloc 1 tel que décrit ci-dessus consistant à réaliser séparément une première partie constitutive 2 formant composant porteur et une seconde partie constitutive 2' formant composant isolant, puis à les assembler par l'intermédiaire de liaisons mécaniques multiples 4 du type tenon 5/mortaise 6 en emboîtant les tenons de la seconde partie 2' dans les mortaises de la première partie 2 et en coulissant les deux parties constitutives 2 et 2' l'une par rapport à l'autre, et éventuellement à verrouiller l'assemblage.The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a block 1 as described above consisting in separately producing a first constituent part 2 forming a carrier component and a second constituent part 2 'forming an insulating component, and then assembling them by by means of multiple mechanical connections 4 of the tenon type 5 / mortise 6 by fitting the tenons of the second part 2 'into the mortises of the first part 2 and by sliding the two constituent parts 2 and 2' with respect to the other, and possibly to lock the assembly.

Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à fabriquer la première partie constitutive 2 avec une première paroi principale 7 pleine, préférentiellement sous forme d'élément profilé, par exemple venu d'extrusion de bois-ciment ou de fibrociment, puis à creuser le ou les site(s) femelle(s) 6 formant mortaise(s) dans l'épaisseur de ladite première paroi principale 7 au moyen d'une fraise 12 conique ou tronconique (figures 4A, 4B et 5).This process is characterized in that it consists in manufacturing the first constituent part 2 with a first solid main wall 7, preferably in the form of a profiled element, for example coming from extrusion of wood-cement or fiber cement, and then digging the female site (s) 6 forming mortise (s) in the thickness of said first wall 7 by means of a conical or frustoconical cutter 12 ( Figures 4A, 4B and 5 ).

Préférentiellement, il est prévu que la seconde partie constitutive 2' est réalisée par moulage ou par extrusion avec usinage consécutif, et son assemblage par emboîtement coulissant avec la première partie 2 est verrouillé par collage.Preferably, it is provided that the second constituent part 2 'is produced by molding or by extrusion with subsequent machining, and its assembly by sliding interlocking with the first part 2 is locked by gluing.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (11)

Bloc de construction (1) composite, du type parpaing isolant, comprenant deux parties constitutives (2 et 2') assemblées rigidement l'une avec l'autre par des liaisons mécaniques multiples (4),
l'une ou première (2) desdites parties constitutives (2 et 2') étant réalisée en un matériau porteur, comportant au moins une alvéole (3), ouverte de manière traversante selon une direction d'empilement (DE) dudit bloc (1), et destinée à être remplie de béton ou d'un liant hydraulique chargé analogue,
l'autre ou seconde partie constitutive (2') étant réalisée en un matériau isolant rigide présentant une structure sensiblement pleine en forme de plaque ou de bloc, les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) comprenant des liaisons tenon (5)/mortaise (6) obtenues par engagement mutuel par emboîtement de sites et de formations de formes complémentaires des deux parties constitutives (2, 2') dans la direction d'empilement (DE) du bloc de construction (1),
la première partie constitutive (2) comprenant deux parois principales (7, 7') opposées, parallèles et reliées transversalement par au moins deux parois secondaires (8, 8') délimitant, en coopération avec les deux parois principales (7, 7'), ladite au moins une alvéole (3), et
la seconde partie constitutive (2') étant solidarisée avec la première partie constitutive (2) au niveau d'une première (7) de ses deux parois principales (7, 7'),
bloc de construction (1) caractérisé
en ce que les sites femelles (6) et les formations mâles (5) mutuellement imbriqués des liaisons (4) tenon/mortaise sont situés dans l'épaisseur de matière de la première paroi principale (7) précitée de la première partie (2),
en ce que lesdits sites (6) et lesdites formations (5) ne s'étendent, dans la direction d'empilement (DE), que sur une fraction de la hauteur (H) du bloc de construction (1), et
en ce que les sites femelles (6) et les formations mâles (5), de formes profilées complémentaires, présentent en section selon un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'empilement (DE), une forme trapézoïdale, les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) entre les deux parties constitutives (2 et 2') correspondant ainsi à un assemblage multiple à queues d'aronde.Composite building block (1), of the block-type insulating block, comprising two component parts (2 and 2 ') rigidly connected to one another by multiple mechanical connections (4),
one or first (2) of said constituent parts (2 and 2 ') being made of a carrier material, comprising at least one cell (3), traversely open in a stacking direction (DE) of said block (1 ), and intended to be filled with concrete or a similar loaded hydraulic binder,
the other or second constituent part (2 ') being made of a rigid insulating material having a substantially solid structure in the form of a plate or a block, the multiple mechanical links (4) comprising studs (5) / mortise (6) obtained by mutual engagement by interlocking sites and formations of complementary shapes of the two constituent parts (2, 2 ') in the stacking direction (DE) of the building block (1),
the first constituent part (2) comprising two opposite main walls (7, 7 '), parallel and transversely connected by at least two secondary walls (8, 8') delimiting, in cooperation with the two main walls (7, 7 ') said at least one cell (3), and
the second constituent part (2 ') being secured to the first constituent part (2) at a first (7) of its two main walls (7, 7'),
building block (1) characterized
in that the female sites (6) and the mutually nested male formations (5) of the tenon / mortise connections (4) are located in the material thickness of the aforementioned first main wall (7) of the first part (2). ,
in that said sites (6) and said formations (5) extend, in the stacking direction (DE), only over a fraction of the height (H) of the building block (1), and
in that the female sites (6) and the male formations (5), of complementary profiled shapes, have a trapezoidal shape in section in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction (DE), the multiple mechanical connections (4) between the two constituent parts (2 and 2 ') thus corresponding to a multiple assembly with dovetails. Bloc de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie constitutive (2') est en contact surfacique intime avec la face externe (9) de la première (7) des deux parois principales (7, 7') de la première partie constitutive (6), préférentiellement en la recouvrant totalement, la seconde partie (7') se présentant avantageusement sous la forme d'un bloc parallélépipédique d'épaisseur constante.Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the second constituent part (2 ') is in intimate surface contact with the outer face (9) of the first (7) of the two main walls (7, 7') of the first constituent part (6), preferably by covering completely, the second part (7 ') is advantageously in the form of a parallelepiped block of constant thickness. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les sites femelles (6) sont ménagées dans la première paroi principale (7) de la première partie (2), sous la forme de découpes traversant la totalité de l'épaisseur de ladite paroi (7) et ouvertes ou débouchantes au niveau du bord (9') de ladite paroi principale (7) correspondant au bord supérieur dans la direction d'empilement (DE), et en ce que les formations mâles (5) de formes conjuguées consistent en des projections d'un seul tenant de la seconde partie constitutive (2'), saillantes par rapport à sa surface en contact avec la face externe (9) de la première paroi principale (7) de la première partie (2).Building block according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the female sites (6) are formed in the first main wall (7) of the first portion (2), in the form of cuts through the entire the thickness of said wall (7) and open or opening at the edge (9 ') of said main wall (7) corresponding to the upper edge in the stacking direction (DE), and in that the male formations (5) of conjugate forms consist of projections in one piece of the second constituent part (2 '), protruding with respect to its surface in contact with the outer face (9) of the first main wall (7) of the first part (2). Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les première et seconde parties constitutives (2 et 2') présentent des dimensions identiques dans la direction d'empilement (DE) et en ce que les sites femelles (6) et les formations mâles (5) présentent dans cette direction (DE) des dimensions telles qu'à l'état assemblé du bloc (1) les deux parties constitutives (2 et 2') sont en regard et mutuellement de niveau.Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and second component parts (2 and 2 ') have identical dimensions in the stacking direction (DE) and that the female sites (6) and the male formations (5) have in this direction (DE) dimensions such that in the assembled state of the block (1) the two constituent parts (2 and 2 ') are opposite and mutually level. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) comprennent deux liaisons tenon (5)/mortaise (6), dont les deux sites femelles ou mortaises (6) sont ménagés dans la première paroi principale (7) de la première partie constitutive (2).Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the multiple mechanical connections (4) comprise two links tenon (5) / mortise (6), the two female or mortise sites (6) are formed in the first main wall (7) of the first constituent part (2). Bloc de construction selon les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que les deux formations mâles en queues d'aronde (5) de la seconde partie constitutive (2') forment entre elles une contre-queue (10) recevant une partie en queue d'aronde (10') définie dans la première paroi principale (7) de la première partie constitutive (2) entre les deux sites femelles (6) formant contre-queues pour les deux formations mâles (5).Building block according to Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the two dovetail-shaped male formations (5) of the second constituent part (2 ') form between them a tail-tail (10) receiving a tail portion dovetail (10 ') defined in the first main wall (7) of the first constituent part (2) between the two female sites (6) forming tail-tails for the two male formations (5). Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 6, pour autant qu'elles dépendent de la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la paroi (11) du fond de chaque site femelle (6) de la première paroi principale (7) de la première partie constitutive (2), opposée à leur ouverture débouchante au niveau du bord (9') de cette paroi (7), est inclinée par rapport aux faces opposées extérieure et intérieure de ladite paroi principale (7), par exemple avec une inclinaison de même ampleur que celles des parois latérales inclinées du site (6) considéré.Building block according to any one of claims 4 and 6, as far as dependent on claim 3, characterized in that the wall (11) of the bottom of each female site (6) of the first main wall (7 ) of the first constituent part (2), opposite to their opening opening at the edge (9 ') of this wall (7), is inclined relative to the opposite outer and inner faces of said main wall (7), for example with a slope of the same magnitude as those inclined sidewalls of the site (6). Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les sites femelles (6) s'étendent en profondeur, dans la direction d'empilement (DE), sur au plus la moitié de la hauteur (H) de la première paroi principale (7) à structure pleine de la première partie constitutive (2), les liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) résultant des emboîtements des tenons (5) dans les mortaises (6) étant avantageusement verrouillées par collage.Building block according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the female sites (6) extend in depth, in the stacking direction (DE), over at least half the height (H). ) of the first main wall (7) solid structure of the first constituent part (2), the multiple mechanical connections (4) resulting from the interlocking pins (5) in the mortises (6) being advantageously locked by gluing. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la première partie constitutive (2) est réalisée en bois-ciment ou en fibrociment et en ce que la seconde partie constitutive (2') est réalisée en un matériau synthétique expansé, tel que de la mousse de polyuréthane ou du polystyrène expansé.Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first constituent part (2) is made of wood cement or fiber cement and in that the second constituent part (2 ') is made of a expanded synthetic material, such as polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene. Procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction composite (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, consistant à réaliser séparément une première partie constitutive (2) formant composant porteur et une seconde partie constitutive (2') formant composant isolant, puis à les assembler par l'intermédiaire de liaisons mécaniques multiples (4) du type tenon (5)/mortaise (6) en emboîtant les tenons de la seconde partie (2') dans les mortaises de la première partie (2) et en coulissant les deux parties constitutives (2 et 2') l'une par rapport à l'autre, et éventuellement à verrouiller l'assemblage,
procédé caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à fabriquer la première partie constitutive (2) avec une première paroi principale (7) pleine, préférentiellement sous forme d'élément profilé, par exemple venu d'extrusion de bois-ciment ou de fibrociment, puis à creuser le ou les site(s) femelle(s) (6) formant mortaise(s) dans l'épaisseur de ladite première paroi principale (7) au moyen d'une fraise conique ou tronconique.A method of manufacturing a composite building block (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising separately forming a first component part (2) forming a carrier component and a second constituent part (2 ') forming an insulating component , then to assemble them by means of multiple mechanical links (4) of the type tenon (5) / mortise (6) by fitting the tenons of the second part (2 ') in the mortises of the first part (2) and by sliding the two constituent parts (2 and 2 ') relative to one another, and possibly to lock the assembly,
characterized in that it consists in manufacturing the first constituent part (2) with a first solid main wall (7), preferably in the form of a profiled element, for example coming from extrusion of wood-cement or fiber cement, and then digging the female site (s) (6) forming mortise (s) in the thickness of said first main wall (7) by means of a conical or frustoconical bur. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la seconde partie constitutive (2') est réalisée par moulage ou par extrusion avec usinage consécutif, et son assemblage par emboîtement coulissant avec la première partie (2) est verrouillé par collage.Process according to Claim 10, characterized in that the second constitutive part (2 ') is produced by molding or by extrusion with subsequent machining, and its assembly by sliding interlocking with the first part (2) is locked by gluing.
EP18305281.0A 2017-03-22 2018-03-15 Composite construction block and method for manufacturing same Withdrawn EP3379004A1 (en)

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FR1752372A FR3064289A1 (en) 2017-03-22 2017-03-22 COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION BLOCK AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003268A1 (en) * 1977-09-30 1979-08-08 HEISEL, Raymond Set of building elements containing heat insulating material at the outer side
US4380887A (en) 1980-10-06 1983-04-26 Lee Kenneth S Insulated structural block
FR2567177A1 (en) 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Hericher Leon Bernard Improvement to construction elements involving the interlocking of a block and an insulation panel
FR2597907A2 (en) 1986-04-25 1987-10-30 Papini France Externally-insulating building block
DE29510640U1 (en) 1995-06-30 1995-12-14 GISOTON Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Söhne GmbH & Co., 88317 Aichstetten Stone, especially formwork or block stone
DE29601827U1 (en) 1996-02-03 1996-03-14 Gebhart, Siegfried, 88317 Aichstetten Stone, especially formwork or block stone
EP0882850A2 (en) 1997-06-03 1998-12-09 Siegfried Gebhart Brick, particularly formwork brick or building block
FR2953871A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-17 Mario Aschero Constructive element for forming insulating wall, has vertical and horizontal conduits and vertical and horizontal grooves arranged so as to create network of vertical and horizontal conduits when concrete blocks are assembled
US20140260029A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. Insulated concrete masonry system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0003268A1 (en) * 1977-09-30 1979-08-08 HEISEL, Raymond Set of building elements containing heat insulating material at the outer side
US4380887A (en) 1980-10-06 1983-04-26 Lee Kenneth S Insulated structural block
FR2567177A1 (en) 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Hericher Leon Bernard Improvement to construction elements involving the interlocking of a block and an insulation panel
FR2597907A2 (en) 1986-04-25 1987-10-30 Papini France Externally-insulating building block
DE29510640U1 (en) 1995-06-30 1995-12-14 GISOTON Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Söhne GmbH & Co., 88317 Aichstetten Stone, especially formwork or block stone
DE29601827U1 (en) 1996-02-03 1996-03-14 Gebhart, Siegfried, 88317 Aichstetten Stone, especially formwork or block stone
EP0882850A2 (en) 1997-06-03 1998-12-09 Siegfried Gebhart Brick, particularly formwork brick or building block
FR2953871A1 (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-17 Mario Aschero Constructive element for forming insulating wall, has vertical and horizontal conduits and vertical and horizontal grooves arranged so as to create network of vertical and horizontal conduits when concrete blocks are assembled
US20140260029A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. Insulated concrete masonry system

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