DE29510640U1 - Stone, especially formwork or block stone - Google Patents

Abstract

The block has two long walls forming an outer wall (1) and inner wall (2) connected together by one or more cross walls. The outer wall has crossmembers (4) directed towards the inner wall and designed to fit over at least one of the cross walls (3). The inner or outer walls can be corrugated on their sides facing the cross walls. The outer wall which is made of insulating material is connected to the cross wall by dovetailed connecting members. The outside of the outer wall can have dovetailed recesses (14) to hold a plaster foundation. A metal mesh can be attached to the outside of the outer wall or laid in the plaster.

Description

Stone, especially formwork or block stone

The invention relates to a stone, in particular a formwork or block stone, with two longitudinal walls forming an outer wall and an inner wall, which are connected to one another by at least two transverse walls extending over at least part of the height of the stone.

A formwork block of this type is known, for example, from DE-OS 4 3 18 578. The formwork block disclosed in the above-mentioned publication has two longitudinal walls that form an outer wall and an inner wall, at least two transverse walls that extend only over part of the height of the block, a

The formwork block has a cavity between the walls for filling with concrete and an insulation insert which is arranged on the inside of at least one of the two longitudinal walls. The cross walls are set inwards in relation to the lateral front sides of the block, whereby the formwork block forms at least approximately an H-shape in a known manner. A further insulation insert is placed over the cross walls, which surrounds the cross walls on the sides and in the area of their reduced height.

However, the disadvantage of the formwork block known from the above-mentioned publication is that its production is relatively complex.

Another disadvantage of the well-known formwork block is that the provision of the insulation insert reduces the space available for the concrete filling, so that the block can be filled with less concrete and the strength of a wall made with the normal formwork block is correspondingly lower. On the other hand, however, a corresponding wall thickness of the insulation insert is necessary in order to achieve good insulation values in terms of sound, cold and heat insulation. This means: The ratio between insulation and

thickness and concrete filling with a preselected wall thickness is relatively unfavourable given today's thermal insulation requirements.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a stone, in particular a formwork or block stone, which can be manufactured cost-effectively and at the same time has increased strength compared to the prior art with the same insulation.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the outer wall is made of an insulating material and is connected to the transverse walls by means of positive connection devices and/or force-fitting connections.

By forming the outer wall from an insulating material or, if necessary, from an insulating material combination, the entire brick according to the invention can be manufactured cost-effectively, since the outer wall now not only has the pure function of a wall, but at the same time also takes over the function of the previously separately manufactured insulation insert, which can save considerable costs.

Since the outer wall is now made of insulating material according to the invention, more space is available for concrete filling.

A further advantage of the stone according to the invention is that the concrete body of the stone, i.e. the inner wall with at least two transverse walls attached to it, can be manufactured in large quantities with always the same dimensions, whereby the concrete body described can then be connected to an outer wall having the desired insulating properties and made of an insulating material or an insulating material combination. This enables the insulating properties and compressive strengths to be varied simply by replacing the outer wall made of insulating material.

The connection between the concrete body and the outer wall is made in a simple manner using positive-locking connectors and/or force-locking connections, whereby combinations of positive-locking connectors and force-locking connections are of course also possible.

Advantageously, the positive connection devices can be provided on the sides of the transverse walls that run parallel to the inner wall.

Since there is usually sufficient space on the sides of the transverse walls that run parallel to the inner wall, i.e. the front sides of the transverse walls, to provide positive connection devices, these can be easily attached at this point.

In addition, with such an arrangement of the positive-locking connecting devices, the plate-shaped outer wall can be attached in a simple manner to the transverse walls or the concrete body of the stone according to the invention.

Alternatively or in addition to the described arrangement of the positive connection devices, it can also be provided that they are arranged on the sides of the transverse walls that run transversely to the inner wall.

In particular, by combining the described arrangements of the form-fitting connection devices, the outer wall can be assembled very quickly and easily.

The outer wall can be connected to the concrete body in a form-fitting manner, whereby the form-fitting connection devices usually run at least approximately in a vertical direction, so that the outer wall can simply be pushed onto the concrete body from above, thereby simultaneously preventing the outer wall from unintentionally detaching from the concrete body, since the outer wall is connected to the concrete body in a form-fitting manner.

In order to enable a good connection between the concrete body and the outer wall and easy installation of the stone according to the invention, the positive connection devices can be designed as dovetail guides. However, it is of course at the discretion of the expert to provide other suitable positive connection devices for the intended use described.

For example, the positive connection devices can also be designed as a barb-shaped projection or the like.

In order to ensure that the stone according to the invention is used as a formwork stone, there is a sufficient connection between the stone in the cavity of the

formwork block and the outer wall, at least one dovetail-shaped projection or a barb-shaped projection, preferably running in at least approximately vertical direction, can be provided on the side of the outer wall facing the inner wall.

The concrete to be poured in will fly around the dovetail-shaped projection or the barb-shaped projection and, after hardening, will hold the outer wall in place, so that the outer wall is not only positively connected to the concrete body described, but also to the concrete to be poured into the formwork block, whereby the stability of the entire formwork block is significantly increased.

Of course, it is also at the discretion of the expert to provide another suitable geometric shape of the projection instead of a dovetail-shaped projection or a barb-shaped projection, by means of which the outer wall can be connected in a form-fitting manner to the concrete filling of the formwork block.

In addition, dovetail-shaped recesses can be made on the outside of the outer wall to hold a

base plaster to be applied to the external wall.

In these recesses, the base plaster is held very well after it has hardened, so that no problems arise regarding a lack of adhesion of the base plaster to the insulating material of the outer wall, but rather, since it is not only held in a force-fitting manner, but also in a form-fitting manner, it is held in place on a wide variety of materials or material combinations of the outer wall.

Depending on the desired insulation, the outer wall can have a thickness of approx. 6 cm to approx. 15 cm and preferably from approx. 7 cm to approx. 12 cm.

As already mentioned, the outer wall can advantageously be glued and/or pressed and/or concreted to the cross walls in order to connect the outer wall to the cross walls.

It is of course also possible to provide at least one of the measures mentioned in addition to the form-fitting connection devices described, i.e. before connecting the outer wall to the concrete body, a

Adhesive is applied and then the outer wall is inserted into the provided form-fitting connection devices, after which the adhesive then hardens and provides additional strength to the connection between the outer wall and the cross walls.

The outer wall itself can not only be designed in the form of a plate, but can also be designed in one piece with an insulation insert that encloses at least a part of the transverse walls.

This allows the insulation properties of the stone according to the invention to be significantly improved, while at the same time it is possible to create a positive connection between the outer wall and the transverse walls in the area of the transverse walls via the insulation insert on the transverse walls.

Furthermore, this also makes it possible to provide a positive connection device and/or a force-fitting connection with the inner wall of the brick according to the invention on the end faces of the insulation insert facing the inner wall.

As an insulating material for the exterior wall, Po-

lystyrene, especially PS 30. It is of course also possible to use cork or another suitable insulating material for the outer wall.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that a fabric or mesh, preferably made of metal, is attached to the outer wall.

The fabric or mesh can be attached to the outer wall during the manufacture of the stone according to the invention, namely by applying the base plaster or adhesive plaster to the outer wall, after which the fabric or mesh is pressed into the still wet base plaster, which is usually a sand/cement plaster, and adheres firmly to the stone after the base plaster has hardened.

Thus, the base plaster can be applied cost-effectively during the manufacture of the stone according to the invention and not, as has been the case up to now, only on the construction site after a wall has been erected.

In order to avoid joints on the outside between the individual stones with the base plaster,

the fabric or mesh extends over the stone on two adjacent sides.

For example, the fabric or braid can extend over the top or bottom and one of the adjacent side or front surfaces of the stone according to the invention. It is at the discretion of the expert to select two suitable sides.

Because the fabric or mesh extends over the stone, no joints are created, but rather overlaps, which are completely covered by the finishing plaster applied to the stone after the wall has been built, so that the overlaps are no longer visible.

Furthermore, the stone according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that channels running parallel to the transverse walls are provided in the outer wall. The channels preferably extend into the transverse walls, i.e. into the concrete body.

Dowels can be inserted into the channels, which can also be designed as holes, so that the outer wall can also be firmly connected to the concrete body using screw connections.

To avoid cold bridges, the dowels can be made of plastic.

By means of the channels mentioned, facade panels in particular can also be attached to the stone according to the invention in a simple manner, whereby the facade panels are screwed into the dowels.

To facilitate the installation of the facade panels, at least one recess can be provided on the outside of the outer wall as a centering aid for receiving the facade panels. The recess is preferably designed as a snap fastener/3.

When installing the facade panels, several facade panels can be inserted into the respective recesses in the stones and then screwed together, which makes the installation itself much easier, as no additional devices or assistants are required to hold a single facade panel while it is being screwed in place.

Instead, several facade panels can be attached to the respective stones one after the other or clipped into the recesses and then screwed together.

Several embodiments of the present invention are described in principle below with reference to the drawing.

It shows:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a stone according to the invention,

Fig. 2 a view of the front side of the stone of Fig. 1 in the direction of arrow "A",

Fig. 3 a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a stone according to the invention,

Fig. 6 is a view of the front side of the stone of Fig. 5 in the direction of arrow "A",

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a stone according to the invention, and

Fig. 8 is a view of the front side of the stone of Fig. 7 in the direction of arrow "A".

Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, the block shown, which is designed as a formwork block, has two longitudinal walls that form an outer wall 1 and an inner wall 2. Both longitudinal walls 1 and 2 are connected to each other at right angles by two transverse walls 3 (see Fig. 3).

In relation to the lateral front sides (front of the outer and inner walls 1 and 2), the cross walls are each set slightly inwards so that the stone forms approximately the shape of an "H".

The cross walls 3 are arranged at a distance of approx. 200 mm from each other, based on a stone length of approx. 500 mm. This means that even when the individual stones are laid next to each other in a bond, i.e. offset from each other by half a side length in each row, the distance is always the same at approx. 200 mm. Both cross walls 3 are connected flush with the stone underside on their underside and extend into a

Stone height of approx. 170 mm.

Both the inner wall 2 and the transverse walls 3 connected to the inner wall 2 are made in one piece from concrete, while the outer wall 1 is made from polystyrene.

In the present embodiment, the outer wall 1 is not designed in the form of a plate, but has insulating inserts 4 which, as shown in Fig. 4, comprise the side surfaces and the top sides of the transverse walls 3.

In their connection area with the inner wall 2, the transverse walls 3 have approximately 80 mm high, beveled or rounded transition areas 5 directed towards the top of the stone. Because the transverse walls 3 only reach to the top of the stone in the transition areas, free spaces 6 are created which are useful for the later filling of concrete horizontally in the longitudinal direction of the stone.

On the side of the outer wall 1 facing the inner wall 2, a dovetail-shaped projection 8 is attached to the outer wall 1 in the area of a cavity 7 intended for later concrete filling.

After pouring concrete into the cavity 7, the concrete will settle around the dovetail-shaped projection 8 and harden there, so that an unintentional detachment of the outer wall 1 from the concrete body, which consists of the inner wall 2 and the transverse walls 3, is almost impossible.

On the front sides of the outer wall 1, recesses 9 and projections 10 complementary thereto are provided, the recesses 9 or projections 10 being designed in such a way that the projection 10 of one stone engages in a recess 9 of an adjacent stone, so that a positive connection is created between adjacent stones.

Tongue and groove joints are provided on the top and bottom sides of the stone and in the middle of the longitudinal walls 1, 2, each of which has a groove 11 and a web or tongue 12, which are arranged parallel to each other.

On the outside of the outer wall 1, dovetail-shaped recesses 13 are provided, which serve to hold a base plaster 16, i.e. the base plaster 16 penetrates into the dovetail-shaped recesses

-1

13 and hardens therein, thereby creating a positive connection between the outer wall 1 and the base plaster 16.

Referring to Fig. 3, which shows a section along the line III-III of Fig. 2, the arrangement of positive connection devices 14, 15 on the stone is shown.

The positive connection devices 14 are designed in the shape of barbs and are arranged on the front sides of the transverse walls 3, i.e. running parallel to the inner wall 2.

The positive connection devices 15 are dovetail-shaped and attached to the side surfaces of the transverse walls 3. The positive connection devices 14, 15 are arranged at least approximately vertically, so that the assembly of the described block is carried out by simply pushing the outer wall 1, with which the insulation inserts 4 are made in one piece, onto the transverse walls 3, which are made in one piece with the inner wall 2 made of concrete.

If the one shown in the example is

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Stone, or more precisely the cavity 7, is then filled with concrete, so a stable and solid unit is created, whereby an unintentional separation of the connection between the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 2 is almost impossible.

The stone described complies with all acoustic and thermal regulations and can therefore be used universally.

A second embodiment of the stone is shown in Fig. 5 and 6. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals will be used for components already introduced in connection with the description of Fig. 1 to 4. Since the stone shown in Fig. 5 and 6 is essentially the same as the stone already described, only the differences to the stone described will be discussed below.

In the present embodiment, a mesh or fabric 16 made of metal is attached to the outside of the outer wall 1. The mesh or fabric 16 adheres to or in the base plaster (not shown in Figs. 5 and 6) which adheres to the dovetail-shaped recesses 13.

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For better understanding, the mat-like fabric or mesh 16 in Figs. 5 and 6 is shown enlarged compared to the stone.

After the base coat has been applied, the mesh or fabric 16 is pressed into the still wet base coat and is thus firmly attached to the outside of the outer wall 1 of the insulating material after the base coat has hardened.

Thus, the base plaster or adhesive plaster can already be provided during the production of the insulating material or the outer wall 1, so that after the production of the inner wall 2 with the transverse walls 3 and after the connection of the outer wall 1 with the transverse walls 3 on the construction site and after the erection or construction of a wall or a building, only the finishing plaster needs to be applied, which can save considerable costs.

In order to avoid joints in the base plaster between adjacent stones, the fabric or mesh 16 protrudes on two adjacent sides of each stone, in the present embodiment on the left side (Fig. 5) and the top side (Fig. 6), which creates overlaps with the adjacent stones.

The overlaps completely cover the joints between the individual stones. It is at the discretion of the specialist to provide an appropriate dimension for the overlap.

The overlaps themselves are covered by the finishing plaster applied on site, so that the overlaps are no longer visible from the outside.

A further embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, where the same reference numerals are also used for components already described.

The stone shown in Fig. 7 and 8 has channels 17 running parallel to the transverse walls 3 (see Fig. 3) which extend into the transverse walls 3, i.e. into the concrete body.

Plastic dowels (not shown) suitable for holding screws are inserted into the channels 17, which can either be formed during the manufacture of the stone or drilled later.

Facade panels 18, 18', 18" can be attached to the outside of the outer wall 1 by means of screws 19 screwed into the channels 17, whereby a firm connection of the facade panels 18, 18', 18" with the stone can be achieved.

The screws 19 can also hold two adjacent facade panels 18, 18' and 18, 18" simultaneously if the dimensions of the individual facade panels are such that their undercut joints are in the area of the channels 17. If a washer is placed under the heads of the screws 19, two facade panels can be attached with one screw 19, which makes the assembly of the facade panels 18, 18', 18" much easier.

A further assembly aid is provided by a recess 20 designed as a snap fastener in the outside of the outer wall 1.

A complementary projection in the facade panel 18 engages in the recess 20, so that the facade panel 18 is securely

in the outer wall 1. The recess also serves as a centering aid, since several facade panels 18, 18', 18" can be clipped into the respective bricks one after the other and then screwed into place.

For reasons of clarity, only a single recess 20 is shown in the stone in Fig. 7. However, it is of course at the discretion of the expert to provide several such recesses per stone.

The screws 19 visible from the outside are then covered by introducing a jointing material into the joints between the individual facade panels 18, 18', 18" so that the screws 19 are subsequently no longer visible.

The facade panels 18, 18', 18" can be provided for optical reasons and/or for additional sound and/or thermal insulation.

In the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 7 and 8, the dovetail-shaped recesses 13 in the outer wall 1 and a mesh or fabric 16 can of course be omitted, since no plaster is applied to the

Stone is applied.

Claims (18)

1. Stone, in particular formwork or block stone, with two longitudinal walls forming an outer wall and an inner wall, which are connected to one another by at least two transverse walls extending over at least part of the height of the stone,
characterized in that
the outer wall (1) is made of an insulating material and is connected to the transverse walls (3) by means of positive connection devices (14,15) and/or non-positive connections. 2. Stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive connection devices (14, 15) are provided on the sides of the transverse walls (3) running parallel to the inner wall (2). 3. Stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive connection devices (14, 15) are provided on the sides of the transverse walls (3) extending transversely to the inner wall (2). 4. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the positive connection devices are designed as dovetail guides (15). 5. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the positive connection devices are designed as barb-shaped projections (14). 6. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that
on the side of the outer wall (1) facing the inner wall (2) at least one dovetail-shaped projection (8) or a barb-shaped projection is provided. 7. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that dovetail-shaped recesses (13) are provided on the outside of the outer wall (1) for holding a base plaster to be applied to the outer wall. 8. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that, in the case of a force-fitting connection of the outer wall (1) with the inner wall (2), the outer wall is glued and/or pressed and/or concreted to the transverse walls (3). 9. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that the outer wall (1) is formed in one piece with an insulating insert (4) enclosing at least part of the transverse walls (3). 10. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the insulating material is cork or polystyrene, preferably polystyrene PS 30. 11. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that on the outer wall (1) a fabric or mesh (16) is attached. 12. Stone according to claim 7 and 11, characterized in that the fabric or mesh (16) is embedded in the base plaster. 13. Stone according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the fabric or braid (16) projects beyond the stone on two sides arranged adjacent to one another. 14. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that/3 channels running parallel to the transverse walls (3) (17) are provided in the outer wall (1). 15. Stone according to claim 14, characterized in that the channels (17) extend into the transverse walls (3). 16. Stone according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that dowels are inserted into the channels (17). 17. Stone according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that on the outside in the outer wall (1) a recess (20) is provided as a centering aid for receiving facade panels (18, 18', 18"). 18. Stone according to claim 17, characterized in that the recess (20) is designed as a snap closure.