EP3371127A1 - Dry construction composition wet-sprayable by means of a screw pump and containing a binder and a biosourced filler, and preparation and uses of such a composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dry construction composition that is easily wet-sprayable by means of a screw pump, thus forming, after hardening, a durably mechanically resistant insulating material ( ë <0.1 W·m-1·K-1). Said composition contains: -A- at least one binder, itself including: -A1- at least one main binder containing lime and/or at least one alumina source and/or at least one calcium sulfate source, preferably at least one alumina source, -A2- at least one water-retaining agent, and -A3- preferably at least one surfactant; and -B- at least one biosourced filler, preferably of plant origin. The ratio B/A (liters/kg) is between 2 and 9. Said composition is intended to be mixed with water in a water/binder ratio -A- of no lower than 0.8. The invention also relates to the wet composition, to the preparation thereof, to the binder -A- taken in isolation, and to a method for application by spraying onto a horizontal or vertical substrate or by molding.

Description

 WET-MOVABLE PROJECTABLE DRY CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITION USING SCREW PUMP COMPRISING BINDER AND BIOSOURCEE LOAD - PREPARATION AND

 APPLICATIONS OF SUCH COMPOSITION

Technical area

 The technical field of the invention is that of construction compositions, dry, wet, and hardened; usable in the building; applicable on horizontal surfaces by spreading, on vertical surfaces by projection and / or intended for the production of molded articles in molds or formwork.

 These compositions comprise aggregates and fillers intended to be agglomerated or agglomerated by at least one binder. Conventionally, these compositions are concretes or mortars.

 The binders are inorganic and / or organic and preferably inorganic.

 The more specifically targeted construction compositions are those which comprise in addition and / or instead of mineral aggregates, feeds from the biosourced materials sector, that is to say, derived from biomass of plant origin or animal, preferably vegetable.

 The invention also relates to a specific binder formulation adapted to biosourced feeds, preferably of plant origin.

 The invention also relates to the wet forms of these compositions and their preparation, as well as their applications in the building.

 The building elements obtained from the above compositions are also an integral part of the invention.

Technological background

 In the current regulatory and political context of reducing the environmental footprint of buildings, reducing the consumption of fossil raw materials, limiting greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the economy of sustainable development, the implementation of biosourced aggregates / vegetable feedstocks in the building compositions is in full swing.

 Vegetable raw materials already used in the building and construction sector include: vegetable fiber wool, recycled natural textiles, cellulose wadding, hemp or hemp straw, hemp in other forms, flax shives, straw in the form of boots or compressed, wood in all its forms, etc.

These vegetable raw materials are known for their thermal and acoustic insulating properties and for their properties of reinforcements, fillers and dies. The use of such vegetable raw materials in building compositions, however, raises a number of difficulties, among which are:

 • A very strongly hydrophilic and hyperabsorbent character resulting in excess water;

 · Excess water that lengthens drying and delays setting

 Excess water which has an impact on the mechanical strength of the cured compositions (eg compressive strength);

 Excess water which affects the durability of the cured compositions;

 • Excess water that promotes the development of micro-organisms that degrade the sanitary quality of hardened compositions.

 The aggregates / vegetable fillers are generally characterized by a high water absorption capacity linked to their highly porous structure. The chènevotte, granulate / load from the hemp stalk, is able to absorb a quantity of water up to 3-4 times its weight. Once in contact with a mineral binder paste, the aggregates / plant fillers absorb part of the mixing water by impacting the hardening kinetics of the mortar. This type of aggregates / fillers require high water levels, resulting in long drying times of the insulating mortar.

 The inventions subject of the earlier patent applications mentioned below, relate to the problems arising from the incorporation of plant raw materials into the building compositions.

 The patent application WO03004435 indicates that the incorporation of hemp derivatives in a concrete or mortar poses a very serious problem because of the highly hydrophilic nature of the hemp component. It can absorb up to about 400% of its weight of water or water-based liquid, which introduces a very strong concurrent reaction with the water contained in the mortar or concrete.

 The patent application WO03004435A1 proposes to address this problem without harming the drying and setting characteristics of the wet formulations, and without affecting the mechanical properties of the cured products from said formulations. To this end, it discloses formulations for hemp concretes and mortars, comprising:

 - hemp components (and / or flax and / or cereal straw, such as oat husks or rice husks),

 a binder consisting, in whole or in part, of aerated lime;

 at least one very fine pore and capillary forming adjunct forming a microcapillary system assembly, so that the matrix water can be discharged to the surface during setting and then drying while, after drying, the external water

(rain) is not able to penetrate this network of capillaries; (plant colloids such as alginates and / or polysaccharides and all natural or synthetic starch derivatives and / or carrageenates); and at least one matrix hydrophobicizing adjuvant; (Calcium, sodium or magnesium polysulfonates, lignosulfonates, sodium sulfates, metal soaps, maleates, oleates (Na), aluminum, magnesium, sodium, lithium, sodium siliconate stearates).

 The kinetics of very slow curing (greater than 24 hours) of these formulations, does not allow to realize several layers of coating on support, in times of application compatible with the requirements of productivity of the building. The applicator must wait too long between each layer (pass), namely more than one day, which is prohibitive, especially because of the cost of immobilizing the scaffolding.

 In addition, these wet formulations are not pumpable in a screw pump because of the high volumes of hemp they contain. However, the ability to pump or "pumpability" in a screw pump is an essential condition to allow the application by projection on supports (walls, facades, ceilings, floors ..) of these wet formulations for concretes and mortars. hemp. Indeed, almost all projection machines applicators (facadiers) is equipped with a screw pump. This requires the mortar manufacturers to offer tempered formulations able to pass through the usual screw pumps.

 It turns out that the use of aggregates / vegetable fillers such as hemp in the formulations according to WO03004435A1 poses a problem of jamming / clogging screw pumps, since these formulations contain hemp volumes large enough to ensure low conductivity thermal lambda, for example less than 0.1 W / mK, and meet the thermal insulation performance required.

 The formulations according to WO03004435A1 do not meet this compromise between, on the one hand, a sufficient dry volume of hemp relative to the binder to obtain the required thermal insulation, and, on the other hand, the pumpability necessary for the application. wet formulations.

 In addition, the cured products obtained from these known wet formulations do not exhibit good "durability" to aging cycles (norm of external thermal insulation EOTA, ETAG004).

 Patent application WO2014001712A1 discloses building materials which are presented as being readily prepared from vegetable granulate and as having excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties, but also setting, curing and drying time. limiting the appearance of degradation phenomena of said material generally observed with building materials prepared from a vegetable aggregate. These building materials include:

 - 10% to 60% of a hydraulic binder and / or an aerial binder (Vicat CNP PM - Prompt Natural Cement, possibly air lime);

- 16% to 50% of a vegetal aggregate: the seminal hairs of the seeds, in particular cotton, the Liberian fibers derived from the stems of the plant such as hemp fiber, chenevots, flax shives, wood shavings, cork marbles or miscanthus; fibers extracted from the leaves or trunk, in particular sisal; and fruit envelopes such as coconut (hemp fiber, hemp, flax shives and wood chips);

 0.05% to 5% of a water-retaining agent, for example chosen from cellulose ethers (methylhydroxylethylcellulose);

 - 10% to 50%, preferably 20 to 40% water.

 - possibly citric acid

 - optionally sodium carbonate

 The construction materials of the examples (concretes) are implemented using a planetary mixer and then compacted in cylindrical molds. Their composition and their implementation make it possible to limit the amount of mixing water: 20 to 40%.

 These building materials contain large volumes of aggregates / plant fillers and are not pumpable, in wet form, in a screw pump. From which it follows that these building materials can not be implemented by pumping through a screw pump and projection (machine type facadier).

 This impossibility of implementation by pumping through a screw pump also stems from the fact that these materials are quick setting, as shown by the examples of WO2014001712A1, according to which the setting times are less than 1 hour, which is incompatible with a passage in projection machine.

 To improve building compositions in which vegetable additives are incorporated in a lime-based binder matrix (for example hemp to make blocks such as Chanvribloc®), said compositions requiring very long curing times, which retard the setting of hydraulic binders, the patent application FR2997944A1 describes hemp concrete compositions comprising:

 • a hydraulic binder (Portland cement, Ciment Fondu®, sulphoaluminous cement, calcium aluminate cement, hydraulic lime, aerated lime); in particular Portland cement, Ciment Fondu®;

 • Vegetable aggregates consisting of hemp (hemp), maize stover, sorghum, flax shives, miscanthus (elephant grass), rice husks (rice husk), bagasse, straws cereals, kenaf, coconut, olive kernels, bamboo, wood pellets (eg shredded spruce), wood chips and mixtures thereof.

 • trivalent cations (iron salts - ferric chloride or iron nitrate - or aluminum salts);

 • a calcareous fi ller;

 A surfactant foaming agent,

• optionally a setting accelerator of the hydraulic binder (calcium / lithium salts); Optionally a water-reducing agent, a plasticizer or a superplasticizer;

• and water; the weight ratio water / binder being from 0.3 to 2.5.

These compositions do not include a water retainer and have a water retention too low, to allow implementation by pumping through a screw pump without causing a wringing of the wet material, which causes a blocking / stuffing of this screw pump. These compositions are therefore not pumpable with a screw pump and are not sprayable wet. They are intended for installation by pouring.

 In addition, the compositions (coatings, mortars, concretes, etc.) of an insulating nature marketed under the trade name TRADICAL® by the company BCB are known. These compositions comprise an inorganic binder based on aerial lime and a hemp filler of CHANVRIBAT® 75 brand. According to the recommended dosages, these compositions comprise between 44 and 165 kg of binder per 200 liters of chenevotte. These compositions can be put in place by casting, compacting or spraying in the dry or semi-wet manner, but can not be applied by wet spraying with a screw pump.

 The above-described prior art biosoured aggregate / biosourced construction compositions are not compatible with wet application methods, which require that the wet composition be pumpable and sprayable on any type of vertical support, slanted, or horizontal.

 These wet application methods ensure better homogeneity and repeatability, while minimizing aggregate / rebound losses on the projection surface. They are particularly commonly used by applicators, called facadiers, for the realization of facade coatings, and consist of pumping and spraying a homogeneous mixture composed of a formulated binder, a granulate / filler and the totality of the mixing water. The universally used facade spraying machines are eccentric screw pumps having a pump jacket type 2L6 or 2R6 found on machines of type S5, SP5, SP11 from Putzmeister, S8, S28R, S38 from Bunker, PH9B or PH9B-R from Lancy, Talent DMR from Turbosol. The dimensions of these covers make difficult the passage of insulating mortars having a granule / bio-based filler of size greater than 10 mm, for example mortars whose aggregates / fillers are composed of chenevotte labeled "chènevotte for building".

 Wet processes require a specific formulation. Indeed, the binder must allow the pumping of the vegetable mortar (eg hemp) without phase separation (spinning of the granulate / biosourced load compressed into the jacket) and guarantee the load resistance (avoid the creep of the mortar at the time of application. application on the vertical surfaces) of the mortar on the support.

In addition, there are plant mortars of an insulating nature that are implemented, either manually or mechanically, using specific pumping-projection methods. These so-called "dry process" and "semi-wet" processes require specific machines, sometimes expensive. But these methods do not make it possible to guarantee a homogeneity of the mortar and a satisfactory coating of plant fibers, and have a negative impact on its durability to climatic variations, and make it vulnerable to microorganisms, rodents and fire. Such processes have been developed mainly for hemp-based mortars in order to reduce the amount of mixing water. According to these methods, the granulate / vegetal filler is propelled dry to the spraying lance, the coating of the granulate / filler being carried out at the outlet or in the projection lance. The final properties and homogeneity of the sprayed mortar are strongly affected by the settings of the machine, the distance between the lance and the wall during the projection and the weather conditions. These processes generated significant losses of aggregates / rebound charges on the support (about 10-20%). This mode of projection does not guarantee an optimal reproducibility for the realization of insulating mortar coatings on vertical supports.

 To date and to the knowledge of the inventors, no insulating mortar / concrete based on granulate / vegetable filler (biobased material), having a thermal conductivity (λ) of less than or equal to 0.2, preferably 0.1 W / mK, was developed for wet processing, using screw pump machines, such as facade machines.

Objectives of the invention

 In the absence of insulating mortar / concrete based on granular / pumpable and wet-sprayable plant filler for the realization of coatings on supports (vertical, horizontal or inclined) of buildings, in particular for the thermal renovation of facades, for the production of insulating screeds on horizontal supports of buildings, for the filling of insulating walls, in particular in wooden frame houses, or even for the production of insulating prefabrication elements,

the invention aims to satisfy at least one of the following objectives:

 • provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, including vegetable raw materials, which can be sprayed wet using a screw pump, and which makes it possible to produce an insulating mortar / concrete with a low thermal conductivity ( λ);

 • to provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, including vegetable raw materials, which can be sprayed wet using a screw pump, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, with a fast hardening, without delayed setting, for example allowing the "recoverability" of 3 cm passes every 24 hours (multilayers achievable in a time compatible with the productivity required for construction sites in the building sector);

· To provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising vegetable raw materials, which can be sprayed in a wet manner by means of a screw pump, making it possible to produce an insulating mortar / concrete, and leading to cured products presenting durable mechanical performance, even in severe weather conditions, such as freeze-thaw or moisture-freeze cycles, as early as 28 days after application; • provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, including vegetable raw materials, which can be sprayed wet using a screw pump, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, in particular with a limited vulnerability to damage who find their cause in the development of micro-organisms, in rodent attacks or even in fires;

 • provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, including vegetable raw materials, which can be sprayed wet using a screw pump, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, ensuring homogeneity of the material, as well as in the wet state in the dry state hardened by a good coating of particulate fillers, so as to provide good thermal and acoustic insulation performance;

 • provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, including vegetable raw materials, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, and can be sprayed wet with the help of a screw pump, without wasting composition due to rebounds on the support;

• to provide a dry mortar / concrete composition, comprising vegetable raw materials, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar / concrete, and to be projected in a wet way by means of a screw pump, which provides a homogeneous deposit on the support, and this in a repeatable manner;

 • provide a wet mortar / concrete composition, including the dry composition referred to in the above objectives and water, sprayable by a screw pump, and satisfying at least one objectives above;

 • provide a binder intended for the dry composition referred to in the above objectives and satisfying at least one of the above objectives.

 • provide a kit comprising the binder and the vegetable filler intended to prepare the dry composition referred to in the above objectives and satisfying at least one of the above objectives.

 • provide a method of applying an insulating mortar / concrete that meets at least one of the above objectives.

Brief description of the invention

 These objectives, among others, are achieved by the present invention, which concerns, in a first aspect, a dry mortar composition that can be sprayed in the wet, in particular by means of a screw pump, allowing the production of an insulating mortar characterized in that:

 (I). she understands:

 -A- at least one binder including itself:

 At least one primary binder comprising lime and / or at least one source of alumina and / or at least one source of calcium sulfate, preferably at least one source of alumina;

At least one water-retaining agent; -A3- preferably at least one surfactant;

 At least one biobased feed, preferably of plant origin;

 the ratio B / A - dry load volume B in liters / mass of dry binder A in kg - being between - in increasing order of preference - 2 and 9; 2.5 and 8; 4 and 7.9; 4.6 and 7.5 1 / kg;

 (Ifj.elle is intended to be mixed with a liquid, preferably water, in a water to A mass ratio between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, and more preferably between 1.5 and 3.5;

 (iii) once so spoiled, it is pumpable in a screw pump as defined in a test T1, defined below.

It is the merit of the inventors to have developed this dry composition, precursor of a wet formulation that can be pumped and sprayed, in particular with a screw pump of the type fitted to, for example, projection machines. façadiers, and without losing the insulating character sought for these mortars.

 In addition to the pumpability of the wet formulation, the composition according to the invention satisfies a "projectability" specification, that is to say, for example, that said wet formulation, as soon as it is projected and applied, in a layer of about 5 cm, on a vertical support in concrete blocks, holds on this vertical support, without creep without flow, during the time necessary for its hardening and its adhesion in hardened form on said vertical support, to a ambient temperature for example between 5 ° C and 35 ° C and at a relative humidity RH of between 20 and 90 percent.

 Preferably, and always with the aim of improving its wet application and its pumpability for a time sufficient to be compatible with the requirements of the construction, this composition is characterized, once spoiled with a liquid - preferably water in a weight ratio of water to A of between 0.8 and 5, a setting time, measured by a method M1, of between 1 and 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours.

 According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a binder A comprising - in% by weight / weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference -:

 • Primary alginant: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75];

 whose:

o lime: [10 - 95]; [20-70]; [30 - 60];

o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulphate: [0-90]; [5 - 30]; [7 - 15];

 · -A2- water retaining agent: [0,1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2];

 • -A3- surfactant [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5];

 • -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15];

 • -A5- lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40];

[0-30]; [0-20]; • -A6- mineral spacing filler of particle size d90 greater than or equal to ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40]; [0-35]; [0-30];

 • -A7- water-repellent admixture: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5];

 • -A8- retardant adjuvant: [0 -3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 · -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 -A10- thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0,1 - 1]; [0.2-0.8].

 According to another of its aspects, the subject of the invention is a kit comprising the binder (A) and one or more biosourced fillers (B), preferably of plant origin, of the dry composition according to the invention.

 According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a wet mortar composition, obtained, in particular from the composition according to the invention, pumpable in a screw pump with a gap (E) between rotor and stator between 4 and 30 mm, and preferably with a type 2L6 or 2R6 jacket.

 According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a cured mortar obtained from the wet composition according to the invention as referred to above.

 According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a system of external thermal insulation -ITE- or internal thermal insulation -ITI- comprising hardened mortar according to the invention as referred to above and applied in layer (s). ) over a total thickness of between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and 15 cm and covered with a waterproofing coating having a thickness of at least 10 mm, characterized in that the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least a source of alumina and in that said system satisfies the test according to EOTA ETAG004 for ΓΙΤΕ.

 Finally, the invention also relates to a method of applying an insulating mortar comprising the following steps:

 1 ° preparation of a mixture of liquid (preferably water) and of the dry composition as referred to above, ie comprising the binder (A) and the biobased feedstock (B), in a ratio water / binder mass (A) which is indicated below, according to a gradient preferably increasing:

 • [Water / A]> 0.8; [Water / A]> 1.0; [Water / A]> 1.5;

 · 0.8 <[Water / A] <5; 1 <[Water / A] <4; 1.5 <[Water / A] <3.5;

 2 ° preferably pumping the mixture prepared in step 1, using a screw pump, 3.1 ° projection of the mixture prepared in step 1 on a vertical or inclined support, or for structural structure filling wood or metal on site or for prefabricated walls;

 or

 3.2 ° projection and spreading on a horizontal plane to make a screed;

or 3.3 ° pouring the mixture prepared in step 1 into a form for making a wall, for filling between two walls, or in a mold for making a prefabricated element and in particular blocks or pre-walls or plates. Definitions

 Throughout this presentation, any singular denotes indifferently a singular or a plural.

 The definitions given below as examples may be used to interpret this presentation:

 "Mortar" or "concrete" denotes indifferently a dry or wet or hardened mixture of one or more organic and / or mineral binders, fillers of mineral and / or vegetable origin and optionally of oils and / or additives and / or adjuvants;

 • "Insulating" mortar: means a mortar graded T "mortar for thermal insulation coating" following ΓΕΝ 998-1 or concrete in the form of a layer whose thermal conductivity λ, measured after complete drying according to the method known as hot plate reference NF EN 12664, is less than or equal to -en W / mK and in ascending order preferably -0.2; 0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07;

• "Complete drying" means a stabilization of the mass of the hardened mortar, at plus or minus 3%, over 24 hours, for storage at 50% relative humidity; · The "size" of the particles of the biosourced charge (B) corresponds to the largest of the three dimensions of each particle;

 • A particle charge has a size less than or equal to X mm, if its d90 is less than or equal to X mm; The term "d90" refers in this specification to the particle size criterion, wherein 90% of the particles are smaller than "d90". The particle size is measured by sieving according to EN 12192-1;

• "about" or "substantially" means plus or minus 10%, or within plus or minus 5%, based on the unit of measurement used;

 • "polymer" denotes indifferently "homopolymer" and "copolymer" and / or mixture of polymers;

 · "Light load" is a load whose apparent density is less than or equal to

750 kg / m ³ , and preferably less than 500 kg / m ³ ;

 • "liquid": water or aqueous dispersion, aqueous emulsion or aqueous solution;

 • "between ZI and Z2" means that one and / or other of the terminals ZI, Z2 is included or not in the interval [ZI, Z2].

· "Recoverability" is the minimum time required before applying a new layer of wet mortar formulation to a previous layer of this wet formulation that has become hard. This minimum time corresponds to a compressive strength of the previous layer which has become hard, greater than or equal to 0.1 MPa. Detailed description of the invention

BINDER -A-

The binder -A- according to the invention is rather inorganic and comprises at least one primary binder Al and optionally at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -A1-.

7 l - Primary binder

 The primary binder -Al- comprises lime and / or at least one source of calcium alumina and / or a source of calcium sulphate.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary binder Al comprises lime and at least one source of alumina.

 In a remarkable variant of this preferred embodiment, the mass ratio on dry [(alumina source) / (lime)] is less than or equal to - in increasing order preferably - 2.3; 2.1; 1.9; 1.7; 1.5; 1.3; 1.1; 0.9.

 Lime is an aerial lime and / or hydraulic.

 The target air lime is of the type of those in accordance with the standard NF EN 459-1, preferably chosen from the group comprising-ideally consisting of-:

 - an air calcium lime (LC) containing calcium oxide (CaO) and / or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) whose CaO + MgO sum is at least 70% and the content in MgO <5%;

 dolomitic lime (DL) containing calcium magnesium oxide (CaO MgO) and / or magnesium calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 Mg (OH) 2) whose sum CaO + MgO is at least 80%, and the MgO content varies from 5%> to more than 30% >>.

 - or their mixtures.

 The aerated lime used can be in various forms such as a paste, a powder or, for quicklime, the rock itself.

 The target hydraulic lime is of the type complying with the NF EN 459-1 standard.

 Any mixture of lime of any type whatsoever, in any form whatsoever, may contain the composition of the invention

 The source of alumina is preferably selected from the following species: calcium aluminate cements (CAC), calcium sulpho aluminate (CSA) cements, high content cementitious phase binders alumina or mixtures of these species alone or together.

 According to one variant, the source of alumina is chosen from among the following species: quick cements (for example quick natural cements), geopolymer cements, slags, calcium aluminate cements (CAC), cements based on calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) or mixtures of these species alone or together.

According to another variant, the source of alumina is selected from hydraulic binders comprising: at least one phase selected from C ₃ A, CA, C ₁₂ A ₇ , C n A ₇ CaF ₂ , C ₄ A ₃ (lemite), C ₂ A ₍ i _x) F _x (with C → CaO, A → A1 ₂ 0 ₃ ; F → Fe203 and x belonging to] 0, 1]),

 o amorphous hydraulic phases having a molar ratio C / A of between 0.3 and 15,

o and such that the cumulative concentrations in A1 ₂ 0 ₃ of these phases are between:

^■ 3 and 70% by weight of the total hydraulic binder,

^■ preferably between 7 and 50% by weight,

 "and better between 20 and 30% by weight.

 CACs are cements comprising a mineralogical phase C4A3 $, CA, C12A7, C3A or C1A7CaF2 or mixtures thereof, such as, for example, Ciments Fondu®, sulphoaluminous cements, calcium aluminate cements conforming to the European standard NF EN 14647 of December 2006, the cement obtained from the clinker described in the patent application WO2006 / 018569 or mixtures thereof.

 Sulfoaluminous clinkers are obtained from a mixture of limestone calcium carbonate, bauxite or another source of alumina (for example a dross by-product) and calcium sulphate, which is either gypsum, anhydrite or hemihydrate or mixtures thereof. The specific constituent at the end of the manufacturing process is Yeelimite, C4A3 $. In particular, it is possible to use Prompt cements or sulphoaluminous cements which contain Yeelimite contents of between 3% and 70%, which can be marketed by Vicat, Italcementi, Lafarge-Holcim, Polar Bear, Liu Jiu, Readerfast. .

 For example, a prompt natural cement consists of a clinker containing:

 from 0% to 35% of C3S;

 from 10% to 60% of C2S;

 from 1% to 12% of C 4AF;

 from 1% to 10% of C3A;

 from 5% to 50% of CaCO 3 (calcite);

 from 10% to 15% of Ca 5 (SiO 4) 2CO 3 (spurrite);

 3-10%) of sulphate phases: yeelimite (C4A3 $), Langbeinite K2Mg2 (SO4) 3, anhydrite (C $); and

 from 10 to 20% of lime, periclase, quartz and / or one or more amorphous phases.

 According to another variant, the source of alumina is selected from hydraulic binders comprising a content of alumina (expressed as Al 2 O 3) in the following ranges - in% by weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference - [20; 70];

[25; 65]; [30 ; 72]; [35; 58]. Advantageously, the calcium sulphate source is chosen from anhydrites, gypsums, calcium hemihydrates, supersulfated cements and their mixtures.

The source of calcium sulphate, natural or synthetic, is selected from anhydrites, gypsum, calcium semi-hydrates or mixtures of these species taken alone or together.

7 A2- Water Retention Agent

 Preferably, the water retainer -A2- is provided with a water retention greater than or equal to -in order of increasing order preferably- 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%, according to the method of measuring the M2 retention, the water retainer being preferably selected from polysaccharides, and more preferably still in the group comprising - or more preferably constituted by - cellulose or starch ethers and mixtures thereof; uloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof; modified or unmodified guar ethers and mixtures thereof; or the mixture of these different species.

The water-retaining agent A2 preferably has a viscosity at 2% in water, measured with the HAAKE rotovisco RV100 viscometer, shear rate of 2.55 s ^-1 at 20 ° C. between 5000 and 70,000 cp, preferably between 20000 and 50000.

 The water retainer A2 has the property of keeping the mixing water before setting. The water is thus maintained in the mortar or concrete paste, which gives it a very good adhesion and good hydration. To a certain extent, it is less absorbed on the support, the surface release is limited and thus there is little evaporation.

7 A3 - Surfactant

The surfactants are preferably chosen from:

 i. sources of anionic surfactants of the type for example alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulpho succinates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alpha olefin sulphonates, preferably sodium lauryl sulphate,

 ii. Nonionic surfactants of the ethoxylated fatty alcohol type, mono or di alkyl alkanolamides, alkyl polyglucosides,

 iii. Amphoteric surfactants of the alkyl amine type oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amido propyl betaine, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxy sultaines.

 iv. polyether polyols, hydrocarbon molecules, silicone molecules, hydrophobic esters,

v. nonionic surfactants, vi. polyoxiranes,

 vii. or their mixtures;

 As ionic surfactants, non-limiting mention may be made of alkylethersulfonates, hydroxyalkylethersulfonates, alphaolefinsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylstersulfonates, alkylethersulfates, hydroxyalkylethersulfates, alphaolefinsulfates, alkylbenzenesulphates, alkylamidesulfates, and their alkoxylated derivatives. (especially ethoxylated (0E) and / or propoxylated (OP)), the corresponding salts or mixtures thereof. As ionic surfactants, mention may also be made, without limitation, of saturated or unsaturated fatty acid salts and / or their alkoxylated derivatives in particular (OE) and / or (OP) (for example sodium laurate, palmitate). of sodium or sodium stearate, sodium oleate), sulphonated methyl and / or sodium laureate derivatives, alkylglycerol sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids, paraffin sulphonates, N-acyl N-alkyltaurates, alkylphosphates, alkylsuccinamates, alkylsulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinate monoesters or diesters, alkylglucoside sulfates. As nonionic surfactants, non-limiting mention may be made of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated alkylphenols (in particular (OE) and / or (OP)), aliphatic alcohols more particularly from 08-022, and the resulting products. condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with the ethylene diamine, alkoxylated fatty acid amides (especially (OE) and / or (OP)), alkoxylated amines (in particular (OE) and / or (OP)), alkoxylated amidoamines (in particular (OE) and / or (OP)), amine oxides, alkoxylated terpene hydrocarbons (especially (OE) and / or (OP)), alkyl polyglucosides, amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, ethoxylated alcohols, sorbitan esters or sorbitan esters ethoxylates. As amphoteric surfactants, mention may be made, without limitation, of betaines, imidazoline derivatives, polypeptides or lipoamino acids. More particularly, the betaines that are suitable according to the invention may be chosen from cocamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl betaine, hexadecyl betaine, octadecyl betaine, phospholipids and their derivatives, amino acid esters, water-soluble proteins and esters. of water-soluble proteins and mixtures thereof. As cationic surfactants, mention may also be made, without limitation, of the oxide of amino laurate, the oxide of amino propyl cocoate, the caprylamphocarboxy glycinate, the lauryl propionate, the betaine lauryl, the talloil bis 2- betaine hydroxyethyl. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the nonionic foaming agent may be associated with at least one anionic or cationic or amphoteric foaming agent.

As amphiphilic surfactants, mention may be made, without limitation, of polymers, oligomers or copolymers which are at least miscible in the aqueous phase. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers may have a statistical distribution or a multiblock distribution. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers used according to the invention are chosen from block polymers comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, the hydrophilic block being obtained from at least one nonionic and / or anionic monomer. By way of example of such amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, mention may in particular be made of polysaccharides having hydrophobic groups, in particular alkyl groups, polyethylene glycol and its derivatives. Examples of amphiphilic polymers or oligomers that may be mentioned include polyhydroxystearate-polyethylene glycol-polyhydroxystearate triblock polymers, branched or unbranched acrylic polymers, or hydrophobic polyacrylamide polymers.

 With regard to the nonionic amphiphilic polymers more particularly alkoxylated (in particular (EO) and / or (OP)), the latter are more particularly chosen from polymers of which at least a part (at least 50% by mass) is miscible in water. By way of examples of polymers of this type, mention may be made, inter alia, of polyethylene glycol / polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol triblock polymers. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the invention is a protein, in particular a protein of animal origin, more particularly keratin, or a protein of plant origin, more particularly a water-soluble protein of wheat, rice, soy or cereal. By way of example, mention may be made of wheat protein hydrolyzate sodium laurate, Oat protein hydrolyzate laurate, or apple amino acid sodium cocoate. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the invention is a protein whose molecular weight is between 300 and 50,000 Daltons. The foaming agent is used according to the invention at a content of 0.001 to 2, preferably from 0.01 to 1, more preferably from 0.005 to 0.2% by weight of foaming agent relative to the weight of the binder.

T A4- Secondary Binder

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -Al-, and selected from Portland cements, slags, geopolymer cements, natural pozzolans, silicates sodium silicates, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binders or mixtures thereof.

For example, a Portland artificial cement suitable as a secondary binder A4 comprises from 20% to 95% of a clinker containing:

 • from 50% to 80% of C 3S;

 • 4% to 40% C 2S;

 • from 0% to 20% of C 4AF; and

 • from 0% to 2% of C 3A;

 - from 0% to 4% of $;

- from 0%>) to 80%>) blast furnace slag, silica fume, pozzolana and / or fly ash. Alternatively, A4 is an organic binder selected from the group consisting of - ideally consisting of: redispersible polymer powders, epoxy (co) polymers, (co) polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof.

 According to a remarkable feature of the invention, the composition further comprises:

 -A5- a lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη;

 -A6- a mineral filler spacing particle size d90 greater than or equal to

ΙΟΟμιη;

 and optionally one or more adjuvants.

_T A5 - Mineral lubricating filler

 The lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη, is preferably chosen

 Among the natural and synthetic silicate minerals and, more preferably still, among the clays, the micas, the kaolins and the metakaolins, the silica fumes, the fly ash and their mixtures,

 • among limestone fillers, or silico-limestone

 • among the fly ash,

 • or among their mixtures.

T A6- Mineral spacing charge

 The mineral filler with a grain size of d90 greater than or equal to ΙΟΟμιη is preferably chosen from siliceous, calcareous or silico-calcareous sands, light fillers, which are more particularly chosen from expanded vermiculite or not, expanded perlite or no, expanded or non-foamed glass beads (hollow glass beads (type 3M®) or expanded glass granules (Poraver®, Liaver®)], silica aerogels, expanded or non-expanded polystyrene, cenosphères (fîllites), hollow alumina balls, expanded or non-foamed clays, pumice, silicate foam grains, rhyolite (Noblite®), or mixtures thereof.

T A7- water-repellent admixture

 The water-repellent is preferably chosen from the group comprising, or more preferably constituted by, fluorinated, silanized, silicone, siloxane agents, metal salts of fatty acids and their mixtures, preferably from the sodium, potassium and / or magnesium salts. oleic and / or stearic acids and mixtures thereof.

₇ A8 r_etodateur _adjuvant. of _. taking

The set retarder is preferably selected from the group comprising or more preferably constituted by the calcium chelating agents, the carboxylic acids and their salts, the polysaccharides and their derivatives, phosphonates, lignosulphonates, phosphates, borates, and salts of lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and antimony, and more particularly of tartaric acid and its salts, preferably its sodium salts or potassium, citric acid and its salts, preferably its sodium salt (trisodium citrate), sodium gluconates; sodium phosphonates; sulphates and their sodium or potassium salts, and mixtures thereof.

T A9-Accelerator adjuvant

The setting accelerator is preferably selected from the group comprising, or more preferably constituted by, the alkaline and alkaline-earth salts of hydroxides, halides, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, thiocyanates, sulphates and thiosulphates. , perchlorates, silica, aluminum, and / or among carboxylic and hydrocarboxylic acids and their salts, alkano-lamins, silicated insoluble compounds such as silica fumes, fly ash or natural pozzolans, silicated quaternary ammoniums, finely divided inorganic compounds such as silica gels or finely divided calcium and / or magnesium carbonates, and mixtures thereof; this complementary setting accelerator (e) being preferably selected from the group comprising or better still consisting of among chlorides and their sodium or calcium salts; carbonates and their sodium or lithium salts, sulphates and their sodium or potassium salts, calcium hydroxides and formates and mixtures thereof;

T Al 0-adjuvant _, thickener;

A10 is an adjuvant other than A2 make it possible to improve the threshold of flow of the mortar (load bearing).

Preferably, this thickening adjuvant is chosen from the group comprising or better still constituted by polysaccharides and their derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, mineral thickeners, linear polyacrylamides and their mixtures.

₇ Comppsiti ns of binder A:

In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the binder A comprises - in% by weight / weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference -: • -Al- primary binder: [5 - 95 ]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75];

 whose:

 o lime: [10 - 95]; [20-70]; [30 - 60];

 o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulphate:

 [0-90]; [5 - 30]; [7 - 15];

 A2- water retaining agent: [0,1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2];

 A3- surfactant [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5];

A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15]; • -A5- lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40];

 [0-30]; [0-20];

 • -A6- mineral spacing filler of particle size d90 greater than or equal to ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40]; [0-35]; [0-30];

 • -A7- water-repellent admixture: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5];

 • -A8- retardant adjuvant: [0 -3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A10- thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0,1 - 1]; [0.2-0.8].

In another embodiment, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that the binder A comprises - in% by weight / weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference -:

• Primary alginant: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75];

 whose:

 o lime: [10 - 95]; [20-70]; [30 - 60];

 o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulphate:

 [1-90]; [5 - 30]; [7 - 15];

 • -A2- water retaining agent: [0,1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2];

 • -A3- surfactant: [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5];

 • -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15];

 • -A5- lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40];

 [0-30]; [0-20];

 • -A6- mineral spacing filler of particle size d90 greater than or equal to ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40]; [0-35]; [0-30];

 • -A7- water-repellent admixture: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5];

 • -A8- retardant adjuvant: [0 -3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A10- thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0,1 - 1]; [0.2-0.8].

-B- BIOSOURCEE LOAD

 This biosourced feedstock typical of the compositions according to the invention is of animal or vegetable origin, preferably of vegetable origin.

 When it is of plant origin, the -B- filler is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin, said filler preferably comprising

 At least one component -fibers, fibrils, dust, powder, chips

Said component being:

 from at least a part of at least one vegetable raw material, in at least one particulate form,

This vegetable raw material preferably being selected from the group consisting of - or better still consisting of - hemp, flax, cereal straw, oats, rice, maize, rapeseed, maize, sorghum, flax shives, miscanthus (elephant grass), rice, sugar cane, sunflower, kenaf, coconut, olive kernels, bamboo, wood (eg wood pellets, shredded spruce), sisal, cork (balls) or mixtures thereof.

 By way of examples of components of vegetable raw materials, mention may be made of: seed, stem, trunk, branch, leaf, flower, fruit, core, stem, pod, husk, bark, bagasse, stalk, etc.

 As examples of particulate forms of plant raw materials, there may be mentioned: fibers, fibrils, dust, powder, chips, hairs, shives, etc.

 These vegetable raw materials are natural porous and rich in organic matter (celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignins ...). They are produced by industrial methods of shredding, crushing, grinding, separation.

 The biobased feed -B-, preferably of plant origin, is advantageously constituted by particles of various shapes.

 According to the invention, at least two categories of charges (B1, B2) can be distinguished according to their particle forms:

 Bl: acicular particles, including: hemp, hemp, flax, cereal straw, oat straw, rice straw, rapeseed, cornstarch bark, cotton, sorghum, shives, miscanthus, rice, sugar cane , sunflower, kenaf, coconut, olive kernels, bamboo, wood (eg wood pellets for example shredded spruce), sisal, - B2: non-acicular particles, including corn cob,, cork aggregates.

In order to promote the "pumpability" and homogeneity of the wet composition ready for application on a vertical or horizontal support or in a formwork or mold, it is advantageous for the load particles -B-, preferably of origin plant, are non-acicular (B2), that is to say for example granular and rounded.

According to one variant, a filler of plant origin of the composition according to the invention comprises acicular particles of the chenevotte type, flax shives, etc.

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS

 The subject of the invention is also, as a new product, a binder-A- for partially biosourced building materials, this binder being intended in particular for the composition according to the invention.

 Preferably, this binder A according to the invention comprises - in% by weight / weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference:

 • Primary alginant: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75];

 whose:

 o lime: [10 - 95]; [20-70]; [30 - 60];

 o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulphate:

 [1-90]; [5 - 30]; [7 - 15];

• -A2- water retaining agent: [0,1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2]; -A3- surfactant: [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5];

 -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15];

 -A5- lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40];

 [0-30]; [0-20];

 -A6- mineral filler with a grain size d90 greater than or equal to

ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40]; [0-35]; [0-30];

 -A7- water-repellent admixture: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5];

 -A8- retardant adjuvant: [0 -3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 -A10- thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0,1 - 1]; [0.2-0.8].

The invention also aims, as a new product, a kit comprising the binder -A- referred to above and the vegetable filler -B- as defined above. WET COMPOSITION

 According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a wet construction composition formed by a mixture of the dry composition according to the invention, mixed with a liquid, preferably water.

 According to a remarkable feature of the invention this wet composition is pumpable in a screw pump with a gap (E) between rotor (20) and stator (18) between 4 and 30 mm. The references refer to the single appended figure.

Such an air gap preferably corresponds to a commercial jacket type 2L6 or 2R6.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THIS WET COMPOSITION

 The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the wet composition as defined above. This process consists of mixing a liquid, preferably water, with the dry construction composition as defined above, advantageously in a mass ratio [water / binder -A-] greater than or equal to 0.8, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5.

 This mixing can be done by any suitable conventional device known to those skilled in the art.

 It can be a planetary mixer or fixed axis (vertical or horizontal) or a concrete mixer. The mixing device may or may not be installed directly on the machine comprising the screw pump and allowing the application by spraying or casting the wet composition.

PUMPING AND SPRAYING MACHINE OF THE WET COMPOSITION OF SUSVICATED CONSTRUCTION

The machines considered here are "screw pumps", preferably: of the type used for the projection of facade coatings (such as

Lancy PHB-R, S8 Smart Bunker, Urban Volta, Spritz S28R, Spritz S38,

Turbosol UNI30, Putzmeister SPl 1, S5 or SP5);

 or concrete pumps (Bunker type B100).

 Patent application WO97 / 45461 A1 describes an example of this type of "screw pump".

The latter generally comprises a suction chamber and a discharge port respectively disposed at the ends of a stator, inside which is disposed a helical rotor with a single helix for cooperating with a double helical stator. The stator is preferably constituted by an elastomeric material, while the rotor 18 is advantageously metallic. The latter is rotatable about its axis by means of appropriate drive and transmission means. US Pat. Nos. 2,512,764 and 2,612,845 are examples among others of sources of information on the detailed structure of these screw pumps.

 The single appended figure shows a simplified diagram of a screw pump comprising a stator tube 16, a stator 20 traversed by a bore 36 in which is rotatable a rotor 18. This stator tube 16 / stator 20 has an end of suction 32 and a discharge end or discharge port 34. As soon as the rotor 18 rotates inside the bore 36 of the stator 20, cavities 30 are formed between the rotor 18 and the stator 20. These cavities 30 progressing from the suction end 32 to the discharge end or port 34. The cavities 30 have a length defined by the pitch of the impeller of the rotor 18 and a maximum height or gap E shown in the single figure . This gap E may for example vary between 1 and 50 mm, preferably 4 to 30 mm.

 This stator tube assembly 16 / stator 20 / rotor 18 is also referred to as a jacket. Housings / stators commonly mounted on façade coating machines are, for example, type "2L6" or 2R6 or type 2R8 (compatible with Bunker B 100 concrete pump)

PROCESS FOR APPLYING SAID WET COMPOSITION

 The present invention also relates to a process for applying the wet composition as defined above (steps 1 °, 2 ° and 3 ° {3.1 °, 3.2 ° or 3.3 °}):

 Preferably, the application of the wet mortar is by projection using a projection machine called "facade" with screw pump.

 - For a biosourced -B-load of size less than 10 mm, the projection machine is advantageously a type S5, SP5, SPl 1 Putzmeister, S8, S28R, S38 Bunker, PH9B or PH9B-Rde Lancy, or Talent DMR Turbosol, this machine comprising a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator type 2L6 or 2R6.

- For a biosourced -B- load of size greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than 30 mm, the projection machine is advantageously a machine type B100 and CL 18 of Bunker, SP20 of Putzmeister, TB20 of Lancy or Silant 300 CL of Turbosol, this machine comprising a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator type 2L8 or 2R8.

1 ° Preparation of a mixture of liquid-preferably water- and the dry composition according to the invention.

 The mixing of the mortar is carried out in the tank of the machine when the latter has one or in a concrete mixer according to the following description, preferentially:

 ~ ~ ~ 1001 mixing of the load -B- biosourced with mixing water (all the water decreased by 21 approximately) for 1 min at least.

 ~ - Introduction of the entire binder and kneading for about 5 minutes with adjustment of the viscosity by possible addition of water. The viscosity obtained from the mortar must allow a good flow in the pumping tank (mortar placed under its own weight in the horizontal) while maintaining a threshold allowing a load of 5 cm.

 Transfer of the mix into the tank of the screw pump.

2 ° Pumping of the mixture prepared in step 1, using a screw pump

 The so-called "facade" projection machines generally comprise a pump pipe of the wet mortar formulation, upstream of the screw pump and downstream thereof a projection pipe whose free end is equipped with a projection spear.

 Preferably, before starting up the screw pump, a slip of the binder (e.g. between 1 to 50 kg, about 10 Kg) is preferably introduced into the pumping pipe to "grease" and "lubricate" said pipe.

 The adjustment of the screw pump is advantageously carried out beforehand with water at a pressure of, for example, 1 to 20 bars: about 5 bars for a jacket 2L6 or 1 to 20 bars: about 3 bars for a jacket 2L8.

 For a jacket 2L6 or 2 R6, the projection pipe comprises for example a first portion of inner section of eg 15 to 50 mm: 35mm over a length of eg 5 to 30 m: 13 m approximately, and a second portion of inner section of eg 15 to 50 mm: 25 mm and length of eg 1 to 10 m: 5m.

 For a jacket 2L8 or 2R8, the projection pipe has for example an inner section of 50mm over a length of 10m.

3 ° Projection of the mixture prepared in step 1

For projection, the projection lance is advantageously supplied with compressed air. DURCIS MORTARS

 The invention relates to cured mortars obtained from the aforementioned wet composition. These hardened mortars advantageously have a thermal conductivity λ lambda less than or equal to -en W / m.K and in an increasing order preferably -0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07.

ITE / ITI SYSTEMS

 The invention relates to an external thermal insulation system -ITE- or Inner Thermal Insulation -ITI- comprising hardened mortar as referred to above and applied in layer (s) to a total thickness of between 2 and 30 cm preferably between 5 and 15 cm and covered with a waterproofing coating having a thickness of at least 10 mm. This system is characterized in that the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least one source of alumina and in that it satisfies the test according to the EOTA ETAG004 standard in the context of an ITE.

 The waterproofing coating is advantageously in accordance with NF EN 998-1. It is preferably chosen from OC1. It is for example applied after a minimum of 24 hours following the application of the last pass of biosourced insulating mortar.

WORKS OF BUILDING OR CIVIL ENGINEERING

 The invention also relates to building structures obtained after application by spraying or molding or assembly on site, of prefabricated objects from the composition according to the invention.

 Other details and advantageous features of the invention will emerge below from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

EXAMPLES

TIP PUMPABILITY TEST:

 The Tl test consists in carrying out a test of passage of a wet formulation obtained from the mortar composition to be tested, in a projection machine of facadier equipped with a screw pump.

 - For a biobased load of category B2 or of size less than or equal to 10 mm, a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator of type 2L6 mounted on a SP11 machine of Putzmeister is used,

 - For a biobased load category Bl and larger than 10mm and less than 30mm, it uses a screw pump equipped with a rotor-stator 2L8 mounted on a Bunker machine B 100, with an integrated mixer.

The mixing of the mortar is carried out in the tank of the machine as follows: Mixing 100 liters of biosourced feed -B with almost all the mixing water for 1 min, knowing that water on A is between 0.8 and 5.

 Introduction of the entire binder -A- then mixing for 5 min with adjustment of the viscosity by adding a small amount of water, so that the viscosity of the mortar obtained allows it to flow into the pumping tank. the screw pump, in less than a minute.

 Transfer of the mix into the tank of the screw pump.

 Pre-adjustment of the screw pump by tightening, by passing water into the jacket, to obtain at jacket outlet a pressure of about 5 bar for a 2L6 jacket or about 3 bars for a jacket 2L8.

 Pumping of the mix present in the tank of the screw pump.

The composition to be tested is considered to be pumpable, in the absence of blockage of the screw pump, that is to say a statement of non-expulsion of wet mortar formulation at the outlet of the screw pump or in case of observation of phase separation between the -B-biosourced feedstock and the binder phase at the outlet of the screw pump.

 By "non-expulsion" is meant a wet formulation outlet for at least 30 minutes, in an amount of less than one liter.

 By "phase separation" is meant the separation between the interstitial liquid and the granular phase of the mortar. The plugging or stuffing of the pump is a consequence of the separation between the liquid phase and the granular network during the passage of the product in a confined space. This phase separation will cause the appearance of direct contact between aggregates (especially the -B- charge particles), hence the blockage

 This test is carried out at room temperature and in ambient atmosphere.

Measuring method Ml giving the time of "hardening" of a mortar

BIO-SOURCE AND FOR ESTIMATING THE RECOVERABILITY PERIOD

 The recoverability period is related to hardening of the bio-sourced mortar. The curing time corresponds to an acquisition of compressive strength (NF EN 1015-11) greater than or equal to 0.1 MPa, allowing the demolding of a 4x4x16 cm model.

Protocol:

 1. The product is tempered using a vertical axis planetary mixer specified by standard NF EN 196-1.

a) The vegetable load B is mixed with almost all the mixing water for 1 min, at a speed of 120 revolutions / min, knowing that water on A is between 0.8 and 5. b) The binder is added and kneaded for 300 s at a speed of 120 rpm. The viscosity is adjusted by possibly adding a small amount of water, so that the mortar can flow into a mold of step 2 in less than 30 seconds.

 2. After tempering the mortar is molded in metal molds of 4x4x16 cm format.

 3. The test pieces are then stored at 20 ° C and 50% RH.

 4. The "curing" time corresponds to the moment when the cohesion of the test piece allows its demolding without damage.

 "Damage" means cracking and / or partial or complete failure of the test piece.

Method M2 MEASURING THE WATER RETENTION TIME OF A BIOSOURCE MORTAR

 This M2 method corresponds to an adaptation of the so-called filter method.

Apparatus:

 • Metal mold.

 Internal dimensions:

 Diameter high: 100 + 5 mm.

 Bottom diameter: 80 +/- 5 mm.

 Height: 25 + 1 mm.

 External dimensions:

 Diameter: 120 +/- 5 mm.

 Height: 30 + 1 mm.

 • Spatula

 • Faience tile (size: about 120 mm x 5 mm)

 • Precision balance 0.01 g

 • 100 mm filter paper. diameter (Schleicher type or Lab-filter 0965 NW 25 L): separation filter.

 (I). 100 mm filter paper. in diameter (Schleicher 2294 or filter-Lab S-Type 600)

Protocol:

1. The sample is prepared according to the mixing mode described in the T2 test.

2. Weigh the empty mold and sec ^ _m.

 3. Weigh the Schleicher 2294 filter paper or the S-Type 600 Lab filter.

 4. Fill the mold with the hemp mortar using a spatula, slightly protrude to ensure contact of the filter and the paste.

5. Weigh the filled mold. 6. Cover the dough with the separation filter paper (Schleicher type or Lab-filter 0965 NW 25 L) and then place the 2294 or S-600 filter on the assembly.

 7. Place the earthenware tile on the set and turn everything over, start the stopwatch, the test time is 15 minutes.

8. After 15 minutes, collect the filter paper 2294 or S-600 and the weigh ^ m _D.

Expression of results:

Calculation 1: mass of water contained in the product

Meau = ((m _c -m _A) * Tg%) / (100 + Tg%)

 Calculation 2: water loss of the product

Aeau = (m _D -m _B )

 Calculation 3: Water retention in%

 R% = ((Meau - Aeau) / Meau) * 100

EN 1015-8: Methods of test for mortar masonry - Part 8: Determination of water retentivity of fresh mortar. (September 1999)

-RAW MATERIALS

 BINDER A

 Al:

 HYDRAULIC LIME HL 3.5 LAFARGE.

 SULFOALUMINOUS CEMENT, I.TECH ALICEM, ITALCEMENTI;

 A2:

 CULMINAL C8367, WATER RETENTION AGENT, METHYLHYDROXYETHYLCELLULOSE,

VISCOSITY 32000-40000 M.PA.S, ASHLAND AQUALON;

 A3:

 NANSA LSS 495 / H, SURFACTANT, SODIUM ALPHA OLEFIN SULFONATE, HUNTSMAN;

AT 5 :

 SMOKE OF SILICE, RW SILICIUM GMBH;

 A6:

 - PORAVER, EXPANDED GLASS GRANULATE, GRANULAR SIZE IN MM 01-03, PORAVER GMBH;

 - SILICAUX SAND, OF 0, 1 / 0.4 SIBELCO FRANCE

 A7:

OPTIGEL WM, ORGANICALLY MODIFIED BENTONITE, ROC WOOD ADDITIVES. CHARGE -B-:

 Chenevotte for the building "KANABAT" Particulate form of category B 1, variable particle size between 10 and 30 mm. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 Formula According to the Prior Art (Tradical® Example

PF70).

 The Tradical PF70 from Balthazard et Cotte Bâtiment (Lhoist group) mainly comprises about 75% hydraulic lime, 15% hydraulic binder and 10% pozzolanic.

 The conclusions of the test following the Tl test are:

 Blocking of the machine due to phase separation. The following retention T3 is less than 90%;

 Curing time greater than 48 hours measured according to T2.

EXAMPLES 2, 3, 4

In these examples, the dry compositions of hemp mortar have the same ratio of filler B / binder A [L / kg]. They are applied with a spraying machine equipped with a screw pump (BUNKER B100) with associated jacket 2L8. All these compositions are pumpable according to Tl.

EXAMPLES 5 and 6

Examples of insulation systems based on hemp mortar subjected to aging tests according to the standard of external thermal insulation EOTA, ETAG004 for external thermal insulation. The insulating systems are composed of 10cm of hemp mortar and a waterproofing lime plaster (PAREXAL - PAREXGROUP SA). Hemp mortars have the same ratios Charge B / Binder A (100L / 25kg) but they differ in their binder A.

 The formula of Example 6 differs from that of Example 5 only by the presence of 10% of sulfoaluminous cement (I.Tech ALICEM).

 With the addition of a sulfoaluminous cement, the insulating system of Example 6 successfully passes the aging cycles described by ETAG 004 for ITE systems. The recoverability between 2 passes of insulating mortar based on hemp is 24h - 48h depending on climatic conditions instead of 3-7 days for the formula of Example 5 without sulfoaluminous cement.

Recoverability is the ability to apply a new layer on an initial layer that is dry to the touch, so as to resist the deformation caused by the application of this new layer.

EXAMPLES 7, 8, 9

These examples show the impact of the ratio B / A (charge / binder) on the thermal conductivity of the insulating mortar sprayed with chenevotte. The compositions of Examples 7, 8 and 9 give pumpable wet formulations according to the Tl test and have respectively a B / A ratio of 4; 3.3 and 2.6.

 The compositions of Examples 7, 8 and 9 have a curing time measured according to the method M1 less than 24 hours.

 The composition of Example 7 makes it possible to obtain a value of lambda <0.1 W / (m.K).

The decrease in the B / A ratio results in an increase in the thermal conductivity measured at the guarded hot plate (T ambient: 20 ° C, HR: 50%). For the case of a mortar containing chenevotte, the thermal conductivity is less than 0.1 W / mK, if the ratio B / A (chenevotte B / binder A) is greater than 3.33.

EXAMPLES 7 8 9

BUNKER B 100 BUNKER B 100 BUNKER B 100 projector

Associated jacket 2L8 2L8 2L8

 Binder A [kg] 25 30 37.5

 B. Labeled load "chènevotte for

the building »KANABAT:

 Volume [L] 100 100 100

 Mass [kg] 10 10 10

 Ratio volume / weight Charge B / Binding 4 3,33 2,6

 A [L / kg]

 Ratio weight / weight Charge B / Binder A 0.4 0.33 0.27

[Kg / kg]

 Water [L] 36 36 38

 Water / Binder mass ratio A 1.44 1.2 1.01

 Binder matrix composition

 A.l Binder Hydraulic Lime 58.78% 69.10% 89.51%

primary mineral HL 3,5

 (Lafarge)

 Cement 10% 10% 10%

 sulphoaluminous

 I.Tech ALICEM

 (Italcementi)

 A.2 MHEC repeater 1.13% 0.80% 0.40%

of water CULMINALC8367

 (Ashland)

 A.3 Surfactant NANSA LSS 495 / H 0.09% 0.10% 0.09%

 (Huntsman)

 A6. Silicone Sand Charge 20% 20%

mineral 01-04

spacer

 AT 5. SMOKE SILICA FILL 10%

mineral

lubricant

 Application Comments

 Passage machine / pumping Tl Passage machine Passage machine Passage machine correct correct correct

Density [kg / m] 458 559 671

 Thermal conductivity [W / m]: 0.074 0.100 0.114

measured at the hot plate.

Claims

1-composition of dry mortar, sprayable in the wet including using a screw pump, allowing the realization of an insulating mortar characterized in that:

 (I). she understands:

 -A- at least one binder including itself:

 At least one primary binder comprising lime and / or at least one source of alumina and / or at least one source of calcium sulfate, preferably at least one source of alumina;

 · -A2- at least one water retaining agent;

 -A3- preferably at least one surfactant;

 At least one biobased feed, preferably of plant origin;

 the ratio B / A - dry load volume B in liters / mass of binder - A - dry in kg - being between - in increasing order of preference - 2 and 9; 2.5 and 8; 4 and 7.9; 4.6 and 7.5 1 / kg;

 (Ifj.elle is intended to be mixed with a liquid, preferably water, in a water to A mass ratio between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, and more preferably between 1.5 and 3.5;

 (iii) once so spoiled, it is pumpable in a screw pump as defined in a Tl test.

2- Composition according to claim 1 characterized, once spoiled with a liquid-preferably water- in a mass ratio Water on A between 0.8 and 5, by a setting time, measured by a method Ml, understood between 1 and 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours.

3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the primary binder Al comprises lime and at least one source of alumina. 4. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the source of alumina is chosen from among the following species: geopolymer cements, slags, quick cements, calcium aluminate-based cements (CAC). ), calcium sulpho aluminate (CSA) cements or mixtures of these species alone or together.

5. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-retaining agent -A2- is provided with a retention of water greater than or equal to -in order of increasing order of preference- 50, 60, 70 , 80, 90%, according to the retention method M2, this water retainer being preferably chosen from polysaccharides, and, more preferentially still in the group comprising - or more preferably constituted by - cellulose or starch ethers and their mixtures; methylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof; modified or unmodified guar ethers and mixtures thereof; or the mixture of these different species.

6. Composition according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least one secondary binder -A4-, different from the binder -Al-, and selected from Portland cements, quick cements, slags, geopolymer cements, natural pozzolans, sodium silicates, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binders or mixtures thereof.

7- The composition according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biosourced -B- charge, preferably of plant origin, is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin, said charge preferably comprising

 • at least one component -fibers, fibrils, dust, chips-chips

• said component being derived

 at least a part of at least one vegetable raw material, in at least one particulate form,

 This vegetable raw material preferably being selected from the group consisting of - or better still constituted by - hemp, flax, cereal straw, oats, rice, rapeseed, corn, sorghum, flax, miscanthus, rice, sugar cane, sunflower, kenaf, coconut, olive kernels, bamboo, wood, or mixtures thereof. 8-Binder -A- intended in particular for the composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises - in% by weight / weight on a dry basis and in increasing order of preference -:

 • Primary alginant: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75];

 whose:

 o lime: [10 - 95]; [20-70]; [30 - 60];

 o source of alumina and / or source of calcium sulphate:

 [1 - 90]; [5 - 30]; [7 - 15];

 • -A2- water retaining agent: [0,1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2];

 • -A3- surfactant: [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5];

 · -A4- secondary binder [0-85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15];

 • -A5- lubricating mineral filler of particle size d90 less than ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40];

 [0-30]; [0-20];

• -A6- mineral spacing filler of particle size d90 greater than or equal to ΙΟΟμιη: [0-40]; [0-35]; [0-30]; • -A7- water-repellent admixture: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5];

 • -A8- retardant adjuvant: [0 -3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A9- setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1];

 • -A10- thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0,1 - 1]; [0.2-0.8].

9- Kit comprising the binder -A- according to claim 8 and the vegetable filler -B- as defined in particular in claim 1 or 7.

10- Wet composition obtained from the composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is pumpable in a machine equipped with a screw pump with a gap (E) between rotor (20) and stator (18) between 4 and 30 mm.

11- hardened mortar obtained from the wet composition according to claim 10 characterized by a thermal conductivity λ less than or equal to -en W / m.K and in a rising order preferably-0,15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07.

12- external thermal insulation system -ITE- or internal thermal insulation - ITI- comprising cured mortar according to claim 11 and applied in layer (s) to a total thickness of between 2 and 30 cm, preferably between 5 and and 15 cm and covered with a waterproofing coating having a thickness of at least 10 mm, characterized in that the hardened mortar comprises lime and at least one source of alumina and in that said system satisfies the test according to the EOTA ETAG004 standard for ΓΙΤΕ.

13. A method of applying an insulating mortar comprising the following steps:

 1 ° preparation of a mixture of liquid-preferably water-and the dry composition according to at least one of claims 1 to 1 1, that is to say comprising the binder -A- and the charge of vegetable origin -B-, in a weight ratio water / binder -A- which is indicated below, according to a gradient preferably increasing:

 • [Water / A]> 0.8; [Water / A]> 1.0; [Water / A]> 1.5;

 · 0.8 <[Water / A] <5; 1 <[Water / A] <4; 1, 5, 8 <[Water / A] <3.5;

2 ° preferably pumping the mixture prepared in step 1, using a screw pump; 3.1 ° projection of the mixture prepared in step 1

 - »on a vertical or inclined support,

 - 'for the purpose of filling timber or metal frame structures on site, -' or for the purposes of prefabricated walls;

 or

 3.2 ° projection and spreading on a horizontal plane to make a screed;

or

3.3 ° pouring the mixture prepared in step 1 into a form for making a wall, for filling between two walls, or in a mold for making a prefabricated element and in particular blocks or pre-walls or plates.