BR112019009004B1 - MULTI-LAYER CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM AND INSULATION FOR BUILDINGS, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS, DRY COMPOSITION USABLE IN THE SAID MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Abstract

"MULTI-LAYER AND INSULATING BUILDING SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS, DRY COMPOSITION USABLE IN THE SAID MANUFACTURING", aims to offer a new constructive system usable in civil construction, which has the characteristic of being multilayer, insulating, ductile and light. For this reason, the present invention relates to a multilayer and insulating constructive system usable in civil construction characterized by the fact that (a) said system comprises at least one wall associated with at least one hardened insulating layer; (b) the maximum thickness of the hardened insulating layer is from 1 cm to 60 cm; (c) the hardened insulating layer has an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 less than or equal to 450; 300; 250; 200; 150; 100; preferably, between 50 and 300; 150 and 250; (d) said hardened insulating layer is prepared by mixing water with a dry composition (d), comprising: -A- at least one binding agent, comprising: -A1- at least one hydraulic or air binding agent ; -A2- possibly at least one water-retaining agent; -A3- possibly at least one surfactant; -B- at least one bio-based aggregate consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with a volumetric mass (...).

Description

Technical Field

[001] The technical field of the present invention is that of constructive, multilayer and insulating systems applied in civil construction.

[002] The systems included in the present invention are of the type comprising at least one wall associated with at least one hardened insulating layer.

[003] The present invention also relates to the raw materials used for the manufacture of the constructive system, in particular, the dry compositions of concrete or mortar, which are the raw material of the hardened insulating layer.

[004] A specific formulation of the binding agent, the wet forms of these compositions and their preparation, as well as their applications in civil construction are also an integral part of the present invention.

[005] The present invention also refers to the manufacture of the insulating multilayer construction system, as well as the preparation and packaging of dry mortar and concrete compositions.

[006] Finally, the present invention also includes kits for the manufacture of said constructive systems and, in particular, its insulating layer, as well as constructions made through the use of said constructive system.

Technological Fundamentals

[007] The constructive systems, according to the present invention, comprise at least one wall, of any nature, and at least one hardened insulating layer.

[008] The hardened insulating layer is obtained after drying a wet formulation obtained by mixing with water (preparation) a dry composition used in construction, comprising at least one binding agent and aggregates, as well as any functional additives .

[009] The binding agents are inorganic and/or organic, preferably inorganic. Aggregates especially considered in the context of the present invention are biologically based aggregates, which replace or complement mineral aggregates.

[010] Biologically-based aggregates (or fillers) are derived from biomass of plant or animal origin, preferably of plant origin.

[011] These compositions used in civil construction are concrete or mortar.

[012] The constructive systems in question in the context of the present invention are: - prefabricated or manufactured in situ, through the application of the wet composition of concrete or mortar on horizontal surfaces by spreading and on vertical surfaces by projection; - prefabricated or manufactured in situ, by pouring and forming said wet composition into molds or formwork; - consist of unitary elements of civil construction, such as perpianos; building stones, bricks, blocks, etc., and these elements are commonly standardized, prefabricated and intended for the construction of walls or walls.

[013] The associated wall constitutes the substrate on which the wet composition is applied or the wall against which the hardened insulating layer formed by molding in a mold or in a formwork is applied.

[014] The building systems, according to the present invention, are part of the current regulatory and political context of reducing the environmental footprint in building structures, to reduce the consumption of raw materials of fossil origin, limit emissions of greenhouse gases greenhouse effect and promote the economics of sustainable development.

[015] This is the reason why the use of bio-based plant aggregates/fillers in the compositions used in civil construction is on the rise.

[016] The vegetable raw materials already used in the building and civil construction sector mainly include: vegetable fiber wool, recycled natural fabrics, cellulose pulp, hemp fiber or straw, other forms of hemp, flax canes, bales of straw or compressed straw, wood in all its forms, etc.

[017] These vegetable raw materials are known for their thermal and acoustic insulating properties, as well as for their reinforcement, filler and matrix properties.

[018] The use of such vegetable raw materials in compositions used in civil construction, however, entails a series of difficulties, among which stand out: - strongly hydrophilic and hyperabsorbent nature, which causes excess water; - excess water which prolongs drying time and delays setting; - excess water, which has an impact on the mechanical strength of hardened compositions (for example, compressive strength); - excess water that affects the durability of hardened compositions; - excess water, which promotes the development of microorganisms that degrade the sanitary quality of hardened compositions.

[019] Plant aggregates/fillers are, in fact, generally characterized by a high water absorption capacity linked to their highly porous structure. Hemp straw, aggregate/filler derived from the hemp stalk, for example, is capable of absorbing an amount of water 3 to 4 times its weight.

[020] In addition to these thermal and acoustic insulation specifications, the building systems used in civil construction must also meet certain mechanical characteristics. In particular, it is very important that these constructive systems have the necessary ductility to withstand the dimensional variations to which constructions are subjected, taking into account thermal, hygrometric and seismic restrictions.

[021] However, due to the drawbacks related to the highly hydrophilic and hyperabsorbent nature of the bio-based aggregates of plant origin known to date, the inventors postulated, as part of an inventive step, that it would not be impossible to transform these disadvantages in advantages, especially, for the search of an improvement of the mechanical properties of the constructive systems of civil construction.

[022] To structure this activity, the inventors defined the objectives set out below.

Objectives of the Invention

[023] The present invention aims to achieve at least one of the following objectives: - provide a new constructive system usable in civil construction characterized by the fact that it is multilayer, insulating, ductile and light. - to provide a new construction system usable in civil construction characterized by the fact that it is multilayer, insulating, ductile and light. - provide a new construction system usable in civil construction with low thermal conductivity (À). - provide a new building system usable in civil construction with lasting mechanical performances, even under severe meteorological and/or telluric conditions, such as, for example, freeze-thaw or humidity-freeze cycles, respectively, within 28 days after construction , as well as movements on the floor. - to provide a new constructive system usable in civil construction with limited vulnerability to degradations whose causes are due to the development of microorganisms, either by rodent attacks or even fires; - to provide a new constructive system usable in civil construction, whose structure, particularly the insulating structure, is homogeneous, in order to offer a good thermal and acoustic insulating performance. - to provide a new constructive system usable in civil construction, which can, in an easy and simple way, be prefabricated or manufactured on site "in situ", according to conventional techniques, by operators not specialized in civil construction, without running any risk in terms of construction quality. - to provide a new constructive system usable in civil construction, which is economical. - provide a dry mortar/concrete composition, which includes vegetable raw materials and allows the production of a hardened insulating layer, integrated in the constructive system referred to in the objectives above. - provide a dry mortar/concrete composition, which comprises vegetable raw materials and allows the production of a hardened insulating layer, integrated into the constructive system referred to in the above objectives, through an intermediate stage, in which a wet composition of appropriate viscosity is used , which allows for simple and homogeneous deposition on a substrate, and/or simple and homogeneous pouring into a mold or formwork, and in a repeatable manner. - supply a kit, comprising the binding agent and the biologically-based aggregates/fillers and intended for the preparation of the dry composition, then the wet composition, for the manufacture of the constructive system described in the objectives above. - provide a simple and economical method of manufacturing a constructive system, which achieves at least one of the above objectives.

Brief Description of the Invention

[024] Therefore, after long and laborious research and testing, the inventors managed to select a particular class of bio-based aggregates of plant origin suitable for the constitution of a hardened insulating layer, combined with at least one wall, to form a building system usable in improved civil construction, achieving the above objectives, among others.

[025] The present invention therefore relates, in a first aspect, to a multilayer and insulating constructive system usable in civil construction, characterized by the fact that: (a) the system comprises at least one wall associated with at least one layer hardened insulator; (b) the maximum thickness of the hardened insulating layer is from 1 cm to 60 cm; (c) the hardened insulating layer has an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 less than or equal to 450; 300; 250; 200; 150; 100; preferably, between 50 and 300; 150 and 250; (d) said hardened insulating layer is prepared by mixing water with a dry composition (d), comprising: - A - at least one binding agent, comprising: - A1 - at least one hydraulic or air binding agent ; - A2 - possibly at least one water retention agent; - A3 - possibly at least one surfactant; - B - at least one bio-based aggregate consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110; preferably, between 10 and 80; (e) said composition has an A/B ratio [mass of dry binding agent -A- in kg]/[mass of dry filler -B- in kg], ranging between, preferably, in increasing order, 1 and 15; 1 and 10; 1 and 8; 1 and 6.

[026] It is up to the inventors the merit of having developed the referred constructive system of insulating biological base, light and ductile usable in civil construction.

[027] Without intending to stick to theory, said advantageous constructive system could be obtained, through the choice made in a counterintuitive way, a biologically based aggregate -B- and in combination of this component -B- with a binding agent A, in appropriate amounts and in order to obtain an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) of the hardened insulator within a certain range.

[028] Advantageously, said constructive system is in the form of prefabricated elements intended to be assembled on site, for the construction of civil works, or are manufactured on site, for the construction of civil works.

[029] In one embodiment of the present invention, said constructive system is in the form of unitary masonry elements, preferably standardized and prefabricated, intended to be assembled on site, for the construction of civil works or parts of civil works , preferably walls or walls.

[030] Preferably, the hardened insulating layer is interposed between the associated wall and at least another wall and/or at least one layer of a different hardened insulating material, this other wall and/or this layer possibly being a finish wall or a finish coat.

[031] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of thallus pith in the aggregate on a biological basis is (in % by weight on a dry basis and in ascending order, preferably) > 15; Z 20; Z 30; Z 40; Z 50 Z 60; Z 70; Z 80; Z 90; Z 95; Z 99.

[032] The constructive system, according to the present invention, can be an external thermal insulation system -ITE- or an internal thermal insulation system -ITI-.

[033] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to unitary masonry elements, in particular those referred to above, preferably standardized and prefabricated, and intended to be assembled on site for the construction of civil works or parts of the civil work, preferably walls or walls, characterized by the fact that: (a) each element comprises at least one wall associated with at least one hardened insulating layer; (b) the maximum thickness of the hardened insulating layer is from 1 cm to 60 cm; (c) the hardened insulating layer has an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 less than or equal to 450; 300; 250; 200; 150; 100; and preferably between 50 and 300; 150 and 250; (d) said hardened insulating layer is prepared by mixing water with a dry composition (d), comprising: - A - at least one binding agent, comprising: - A1 - at least one hydraulic or air binding agent ; - A2 - possibly at least one water retention agent; - A3 - possibly at least one surfactant; - B - at least one bio-based aggregate consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110; preferably, between 10 and 80; (e) said composition has an A/B ratio [mass of dry binding agent -A- in kg]/[mass of dry filler -B- in kg], ranging between, preferably, in increasing order, 1 and 15; 1 and 10; 1 and 8; 1 and 6.

[034] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a dry composition (d) which, in particular, is usable in the system, according to the present invention, characterized in that it contains at least one base aggregate biological -B- consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110; preferably, between 10 and 80; the apparent volumetric mass (AVM) is defined according to the M1 method.

[035] Said dry composition can form, after mixing with water, a wet composition that can be used in conventional civil construction processes, specifically, pumping, projection on a vertical substrate, more horizontally inclined (on the ground or in height) , pouring, for molding, in a mold or in a formwork or to make a floor screed, without losing the insulating nature desired for the insulating layer that constitutes the constructive system, according to the present invention.

[036] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a kit comprising, separately, a package containing a biobased aggregate -B- as mentioned above, and a package containing a binding agent -A- as mentioned above, as well as an information leaflet on how to use the kit for the manufacture of hardened insulating layers, in the constructive system, according to the present invention.

[037] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing the constructive system, according to the present invention.

Definitions

[038] Throughout this report, any singular form denotes, indifferently, the singular form or the plural form.

[039] The definitions given below by way of example can be used to interpret this report: - "construction system": - a civil work prefabricated or manufactured in situ through the application of wet composition of concrete or mortar on surfaces horizontal, by scattering, on vertical surfaces by projection; - a civil work prefabricated or manufactured in situ by pouring and shaping said wet composition into molds or formwork; - or unitary elements of civil construction, such as perpianos; building stones, bricks, blocks, etc., and these elements are commonly standardized, prefabricated and intended for the construction of walls or walls. .- "dry composition": a mixture of powders and biochemical aggregates, which may contain aggregates of mineral origin in powder form, intended to be mixed with water, to obtain, after drying and hardening, a hardened insulator. - the powders, and in particular the bio-based aggregates, which enter the "dry composition" may contain residual amounts of water which do not impair even the properties of the "dry composition", such as, for example, its flow properties, nor the properties of a hardened insulator, such as, for example, its durability. - The designation "dry composition" is defined here in contrast to the designation "wet composition", which means that the composition was obtained by mixing the "dry composition" with water. - "stalk" designates the stem of the plant that constitutes the raw material of biologically based aggregates, the said "stalk" consisting of a bark and a core formed by pith. Figure 8 in the annex shows, in the image on the left, a sunflower stalk T seen in cross-section. The darker peripheral part is the bark (E) and the lighter central part is the pith (M). - "pith" of "thallus": nucleus of the thallus with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) of less than 60 kg/m3. - "bark" of the "stalk": consisting of everything other than the pith on the thallus; the shell has an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) >110 kg/m3. - "pith particles": non-acicular (roughly spherical) or acicular particles with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) <60 kg/m3. The right image of Figure 8 and the left part of the attached image of Figure 9 show sunflower pith particles. Figure 9 shows non-acicular maize pith particles on the right side of the image. Attached Figure 10B shows acicular particles from rapeseed pith. - "bark particles": acicular particles (rods) with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) > 110 kg/m3. Attached Figure 8 shows the central image of sunflower husk particles. Attached Figure 10A shows the image of rapeseed husk particles. - "stalk particles": include bark particles (stems) and pith particles. - The "size" of the biologically based charge (-B-) particles corresponds to the largest of the three dimensions of each particle. - "granulometry with passage of all particles": 100% of the aggregates are smaller than the sieve. - "Mortar" or "concrete" interchangeably designates a dry, wet or hardened mixture of one or more organic and/or mineral binding agents, fillers of mineral and/or vegetable origin and, possibly, fillers and/or additives and/or adjuvants; - "insulating" mortar: designates a class T mortar, the "thermal insulating coating mortar" in accordance with the European specifications for mortars for masonry EN 998-1 or a concrete in the form of a layer whose thermal conductivity À, measured after complete drying, in accordance with the method called hot plate reference NF EN 12664, is less than or equal to - in W/m.K and in increasing order, preferably 0.2; 0.15; 0.12; 0.1; 0.08; 0.07; - "complete drying": means a stabilization of the hardened mortar mass, at more or less 3%, for 24 hours, for storage at 50% relative humidity; - a particle charge has a size less than or equal to X mm, if d90 is less than or equal to X mm; The term "d90" refers, in this report, to the granulometry criterion, according to which 90% of the particles have a size smaller than "d90". The granulometry is measured by sieving, in accordance with the European regulation EN 12192-1; - "approximately" or "substantially" means plus or minus 10%, or about plus or minus 5%, based on the unit of measurement used; - "polymer" interchangeably refers to "homopolymer" and "copolymer" and/or blend of polymers; - "between Z1 and Z2" means that one and/or the other of the final values Z1, Z2 is or is not included in the interval [Z1, Z2].

Detailed Description of the Invention Description of Figures

[040] This report is described with reference to the attached Figures, where: - Figure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a first modality of the constructive system (wall), according to the present invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a second modality of the constructive system (wall), according to the present invention; - Figures 3A and 3B are schematic views in longitudinal section of two variants of a third modality of the constructive system (wall), under renovation, according to the present invention; - Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are schematic views in longitudinal section of three variations of a fourth modality of the constructive system (wall), in a new construction, according to the present invention; - Figure 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a fifth modality of the constructive system (wall), in a new construction, according to the present invention; - Figures 6A and 6B are schematic views in longitudinal section of an insulating roof variant (6A) and an insulating roof variant (6B), of a sixth modality of the constructive system, in a new construction or renovation, in accordance with present invention; - Figure 7 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a seventh modality of the constructive system (floor screed) in a new construction or renovation, according to the present invention. - Figure 8 in the annex shows in the left image a T sunflower stalk seen in cross-section, in the central image, sunflower husk particles and, in the right image, sunflower pith particles. - Figure 9 shows the sunflower pith particles on the right and the corn pith particles on the left. - The attached Figure 10A shows rapeseed husk particles. - The attached Figure 10B shows rapeseed pith particles. - Figure 11A shows the pith (aggregate -B-) of sunflower from Example 1. - Figures 11B and 11C show the mixture of binding agent -A-, aggregate -B- and water in Example 1. - Figures 12A , 12B and 12C show a constructive system, according to Example 1. - Figure 13 in annex shows the granulometric distribution of the aggregate -B- from the sunflower pith of Example 1. - Figure 14 shows the core of the insulating system obtained after an adhesion test, according to the European Standard ETAG 004, in Example 1. - Figures 15A, 15B, 15C show projections of the insulating mortar, to form the constructive systems, according to the present invention in Example 1 - Figure 16 shows the corn pith aggregates -B- used in Example 2. - Figure 17 shows the evolution of the density of the hardened insulating layer obtained in Examples 3 to 7, as a function of the Granules [L]/Binder ratio [kg]. - Figure 18 shows the evolution of the thermal conductivity of the hardened insulating layer obtained in Examples 3 to 7, as a function of the density in the hardened state of the insulating material.

Constructive System

[041] The constructive system, according to the present invention, is designated by the general reference (1) in the attached Figures. The terms "INT" and "EXT" designate, respectively, the interior and exterior of the construction in Figures 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4C and 5. It comprises one or two walls (2, 2i, 2e ) support vertical (for versions 1 to 5) or horizontal (for versions 6 and 7), at least one hardened insulating layer (3), possibly at least one covering layer (4, 4i, 4e) and possibly at least one additional insulating layer (5).

[042] In modalities 1 to 5, said wall (2, 2i, 2e) is a wall (supporting or not) made of a material usable in civil construction, such as, for example, filling concrete, cellular concrete, clay, steel (covering panels), perpiano, carved stones, hollow bricks, perforated bricks, solid bricks, thermo-insulating bricks, molded concrete in formwork panels, wood (logs - panel), as well as a combination of these materials.

[043] The wall (2, 2i, 2e) of modalities 1 to 5 can be manufactured on site, that is, at the construction site, immediately before construction or as construction progresses. According to a variant, elements of this wall (2, 2i, 2e), for example panels, can be prefabricated in a dedicated manufacturing site. These elements are then transported to site and assembled during construction.

[044] In the embodiment of the present invention in Figure 1, the hardened insulating mortar layer (3) can be made by spraying a wet composition consisting of a mixture of the dry composition (d), according to the present invention, with water . Conventionally, this projection is carried out manually, by smoothing with a trowel, or mechanically, with known devices, such as, for example, a screw pump or piston pump, connected to a projection lance. The dry composition (das) and the mixing ratio with water are chosen in such a way that the wet composition adheres and dries on the projecting part, ie on the outer part of the wall (2). Drying and hardening follow. The hardened insulating mortar layer (3) can also be prefabricated, for example in the form of panels, fixed by any suitable known means on the outside of the wall (2), for example by means of the use of glue and/or or screw and/or piston.

[045] As shown in Figure 1, an external finishing layer (4e) is applied to the hardened insulating mortar layer (3), while an internal finishing layer (4i) is placed on the inside of the retaining wall (2) . These finishing layers (4i and 4e) may consist, in particular, of one or more layers of coating and/or one or more layers of paint, plasterboard, sheets of plastic material (for example, polycarbonate), wood, metal , stone, composite, concrete, terracotta, ceramic, tile, glass and combinations thereof.

[046] In the second embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2, the vertical wall (2) is provided, on its external part, with horizontal frames (20) useful for fixing an external finishing layer (4) arranged parallel to the external part of the wall (2), delimiting with the external part of the wall (2) an interstitial space occupied entirely or in part by the hardened insulating layer (3). In the example shown in Figure 2, this interstitial space comprises the layer of hardened insulating mortar (3) integrated into the outer part of the wall (2) and an air gap (5) which also acts as an insulator. .

[047] In the third embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 3A and 3B, an additional insulating layer (5) is applied to the outside of the wall (2). This insulating layer (5) can be made up of various insulating materials, especially based on mineral insulator (in particular, glass wool, rock wool, cellular glass, perlite, vermiculite, expanded clay and mixtures thereof), and/or or natural insulator (in particular cork, wood fiber, hemp, flax fiber, sheep's wool, duck down, coconut fibres, reed boards, cellulose wadding, cotton, straw, cob and mixtures thereof) and /or synthetic insulation (in particular expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, phenolic foam and mixtures thereof).

[048] The constructive system, according to the variant of Figure 3A of this third embodiment of the present invention, also comprises, from the inside to the outside, from the insulating layer (5), a first layer of external coating (4e1 ), the layer of hardened insulating mortar (3) and then a second layer of external coating (4e2). An internal finishing layer (4i), in turn, is applied to the inner part of the retaining wall (2).

[049] The construction system, according to the variant of Figure 3B of this third embodiment of the present invention, also comprises, from the inside to the outside, from the support wall (2), a first layer of internal coating ( 4i1), the hardened insulating mortar layer (3) and then a second layer of internal coating (4i2). An outer finishing layer (4e) in turn is applied to the outside of the additional insulating layer (5).

[050] The nature, manufacture and placement of these layers (3) and (4i, 4e1, 4e2, 4i1, 4i2) are of the same type as those described above for the first two exemplified embodiments.

[051] Figure 4 shows the fourth declined embodiment of the present invention, according to the three variants 4A, 4B, 4C, whereby: - Variant 4A: the wall (2) is connected by its external part to an external vertical substrate (7e), by means of horizontal struts (6); - Variant 4B: the wall (2) is connected by its internal part to an internal vertical substrate (7i) by means of horizontal struts (6); - Variant 4C: the wall (2) is a hollow support structure, comprising two internal (2i) and external (2e) panels connected to each other by means of horizontal shoring elements (8).

[052] The wall (2) and the external vertical substrate (7e) or the internal vertical substrate (7i), for variants 4A and 4B, as well as the two internal (2i) and external (2e) panels for variant 4C , define a formwork inside which is the hardened insulating layer (3) obtained by pouring the wet composition into said formwork and then drying.

[053] In variant 4A, an outer finishing layer (4e) is applied to the outside of the outer vertical substrate (7e). In variant 4B, an inner finishing layer (4e) is applied to the inner part of the inner vertical substrate (7i). An outer finishing layer (4e) and an inner finishing layer (4i) are applied to the inner and outer parts of the inner (2i) and outer (2e) panels, respectively.

[054] The nature, manufacture and placement of these layers of coatings are of the same type as those described above for the first three exemplified embodiments.

[055] The fifth embodiment of the present invention of the constructive system shown in Figure 5 comprises an internal wall (2i) and a second external wall (2e) connected together by struts (8), in order to delimit a formwork occupied by the insulating layer hardened (3), as described above.

[056] In the ceiling (variant 6A) and roof (variant 6B) configurations of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the wall (2) of the construction system is a concrete slab cast in place, the precast concrete elements ( pre-slabs, prestressed concrete), concrete slabs or a combination of these materials.

[057] For ceilings, in variant 6A, the hardened insulating layer (3) is applied, for example, by spraying, on the lower part of the wall (2), a wet composition consisting of a mixture of the dry composition (d), according to the present invention, with water. Conventionally, this projection is carried out manually, by smoothing with a trowel, or mechanically with known devices, such as, for example, a screw pump or a piston pump, connected to a projection lance. The dry composition (das) and the mixing ratio with water are chosen in such a way that the wet composition adheres and dries on the projecting part, ie on the outer part of the wall (2). Drying and hardening follow. The hardened insulating mortar layer (3) can also be prefabricated, for example in the form of panels, fixed by any suitable known means to the lower part of the wall (2) forming a ceiling element, for example by means of the use of glue and/or screw and/or piston.

[058] The hardened insulating layer (3) can be covered with a finishing layer (4) that is fixed on a horizontal substrate (7) attached to the wall (2) by means of vertical struts (6) that pass through the layer hardened insulating material (3), which is advantageously separated from the horizontal substrate (7) by an insulating air gap (5).

[059] For roofs in variant 6B, the hardened insulating layer (3) is applied, for example, by pouring, between the roof (not shown in Figure 6B) and the upper part of the wall (2), a wet composition consisting of a mixture of the dry composition (d) according to the present invention with water. The hardened insulating layer (3) can also be prefabricated, for example in the form of panels, fixed by any known and suitable means between the ceiling and the upper part of the wall (2).

[060] The lower part of the wall (2) can be covered with a finishing layer (4), which is fixed on a substrate (7) attached parallel to said wall (2), by means of struts (6) that define an insulating air gap (5) between the wall (2) and the substrate (7).

[061] The nature, manufacture and placement of these layers (3) and (4) are of the same type as those described above for the first five exemplified embodiments.

[062] The seventh embodiment of the present invention is a constructive system (1) for the formation of the floor of civil constructions. In said embodiment of the present invention, the wall (2) is a surface made of a construction material, such as a concrete slab, a wooden floor, a cement or anhydrite screed or a combination of these materials.

[063] The upper part of said wall (2) is integrated with the hardened insulating layer (3), which is, for example, a lightweight screed or a smoothing screed. The latter is advantageously covered with a finishing layer (4). The nature, manufacture and placement of these layers (3) and (4) are of the same type as those described above for the first six exemplified embodiments.

[064] For floors, the hardened insulating layer (3) can be made by spraying or pouring a wet composition consisting of a mixture of the dry composition (d), according to the present invention, with water. Conventionally, this projection is carried out manually, by smoothing with a trowel, or mechanically with known devices, such as, for example, a screw pump or a piston pump, connected to a projection lance. The dry composition (das) and the mixing ratio with water are chosen in such a way that the wet composition can drain and be spread on the floor properly. Drying and hardening follow. The hardened insulating layer (3) can also be prefabricated, for example in the form of panels, fixed by any suitable known means on the outside of the wall (2), for example by means of the use of glue and/or screws and/or piston.

Hardened Insulating Layer

[065] According to a notable feature of the present invention, the hardened insulating layer has a thermal conductivity À of less than 0.09 W/m.k; preferably less than or equal to 0.085 W/m.K.

[066] This hardened insulating layer is obtained from a dry composition (d) comprising at least one binding agent -A-, at least one biobased aggregate -B-.

Binding Agent -A-

[067] The binding agent -A-, according to the present invention, preferably comprises at least one binding agent - A1- hydraulic or aerial, possibly at least one water retention agent -A2- and possibly at least one surfactant -A3-.

- A1- Hydraulic or aerial binding agent

[068] The binding agent -A1- is preferably selected from the group that ideally consists of cements, aerial lime, hydraulic lime, slag, geopolymers, metakaolins, binding agents of high content in cementitious phases rich in alumina, natural pozzolans, silicates sodium, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binding agents and mixtures thereof alone or together; the cements being preferably selected from the group comprising, ideally consisting of Portland cements, fly ash Portland cements, pozzolana Portland cement, combustion silica Portland cements, masonry cements, fast natural cements, expansive cements, mixed white cements , colored cements, finely ground cements, calpozzolan cements, supersulfated cements, cements based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA), cements based on calcium aluminate (CAC), natural cements, lime and its mixtures used alone or in combination set.

[069] According to a variant, cements are selected from the following species: calcium aluminate-based cements (CAC), calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements (CSA), high-content binding agents in alumina-rich cementitious phases or mixtures of these species used singly or together.

[070] According to another variant, the cements are selected from the following species: fast cements (for example, natural fast cements), geopolymer cements, slags, calcium aluminate-based cements (CAC), calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements calcium (CSA) or mixtures of these species used singly or together.

[071] The lime can be an air lime and/or a hydraulic lime.

[072] The aforementioned aerial lime is, for example, of the type that complies with the NF EN 459-1 standard, preferably chosen from the group comprising, ideally consisting of: - a calcic aerial lime (CL) containing calcium oxide (CaO ) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), whose sum CaO + MgO is at least 70% and the MgO content is <5%; - dolomitic lime (DL) containing calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO/MgO) and/or calcium and magnesium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2Mg(OH)2), the sum of which CaO + MgO is at least 80% and the MgO content ranges from 5% to over 30%. - or mixtures thereof.

[073] The aerial lime used can be in several forms, such as, for example, a paste, a powder or, for quicklime, the rock itself.

[074] The hydraulic lime referred to is the type that complies with the NF EN 459-1 standard. Any lime mix of any kind, in whatever form, can contain the composition of the present invention.

[075] According to a variant, the binding agent - A1- can be selected from binding agents in alumina-rich cementitious phases or mixtures of these cements or binding agents used alone or together. It can be, for example, fast cements, cements based on calcium aluminate (CAC), cements based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA), or, preferably, hydraulic binding agents comprising: - at least one phase selected from C3A, CA, C12A7, CnA7CaF2, C4A3$ (ye'elemite), C2A(i-x)Fx (where C ^ CaO; A ^ Al2O3; F ^ Fe2O3 and x belongs to [0, 1]); - hydraulic amorphous phases presenting a C/A molar ratio between 0.3 and 15; - and in such a way that the cumulative A12O3 contents of these phases vary between: - 3 and 70% by weight of the total hydraulic binding agent; - preferably between 7 and 50% by weight; - and preferably between 20 and 30% by weight.

[076] Calcium aluminate-based cements (CAC) are cements composed of a mineralogical phase C4A3$, CA, C12A7, C3A or C11A7CaF2 or mixtures thereof, such as, for example, Fondu® Cements, sulfoaluminous cements, calcium aluminate, in accordance with European standard EN 14647 of December 2006, cement obtained from the clinker described in the international patent application WO2006/018569 or mixtures thereof.

[077] Sulfoaluminous clinkers are obtained from a mixture of calcium carbonate in calcareous form, bauxite or another source of alumina (for example, a by-product of the slag type) and calcium sulfate, which is gypsum, anhydrite or hemihydrate or mixtures. The specific constituent at the end of the manufacturing process is ye'elemita, C4A3$. In particular, Prompt quick cements or sulfoaluminous cements containing ye'elemite contents between 3% and 70% can be used, which can be sold by Vicat, Italcementi, Lafarge, Holcim, Polar Bear, Liu Jiu, Readerfast.

[078] For example, a Prompt fast natural cement consists of a clinker containing: - from 0% to 35% C 3S; - from 10% to 60% C 2S; - from 1% to 12% of C 4AF; - from 1% to 10% C 3A; - from 5% to 50% of CaCO3 (calcite); - from 10% to 15% of Ca5(SiO4)2CO3 (spurite); - from 3% to 10% of the sulfate phases: ye'elemite (C4A3$), Langbeinite (K2Mg2(SO4)3, anhydrite (C$), and; - from 10% to 20% of lime, of periclase, of quartz and/or one or more amorphous phases.

[079] According to a variant, the binding agent - A1- can be selected from binding agents, which comprise a source of calcium sulfate, preferably selected from anhydrites, gypsum, calcium semihydrates, supersulfated cements and their mixtures.

- A2- Water retention agent

[080] Preferably, the water retention agent -A2- is provided with a water retention capacity, following an increasing order, preferably 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, according with the M2 retention measurement method, said water retention agent being preferably selected from among polysaccharides, preferably selected from the group comprising - or preferably consisting of cellulose ethers or starch and mixtures thereof ; methylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, methylhydroxyethylcelluloses and mixtures thereof; modified or unmodified guar ethers and mixtures thereof; or the mixture of these different species.

[081] The water retention agent -A2- preferably has a viscosity of 2% in water, measured with the Haake Rotovisco RV100 viscometer, shear rate of 2.55 s-1 at 20°C, between 5,000 and 70,000 cp, preferably between 20,000 and 50,000.

[082] The water retention agent -A2- has the property of keeping the mixing water before setting. Water is thus kept in the concrete or mortar paste, which gives it good adhesion and good hydration. To some extent, it is less absorbed into the substrate, surface re-enlargement is limited and therefore there is little evaporation.

- A3- Surfactant

[083] Surfactants are preferably selected from: i. Sources of anionic surfactants of the type, for example, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkoylsarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates and alpha-olefin sulfonates, preferably lauryl sodium sulfate; ii. Non-ionic surface-active agents such as ethoxylated fatty alcohols, mono or dialkyl alkanolamides, alkyl polyglycosides; iii. Amphoteric surfactants of the type alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amido propylbetaine, alkylsulfobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropylhydroxysultaines. iv. polyether polyols, hydrocarbon molecules, silicone molecules, hydrophobic esters; v. non-ionic surfactants; saw. polyoxirans; vii. or mixtures thereof;

[084] Examples of ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl ether sulfonates, hydroxy alkyl ether sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, hydroxy alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfates , alkyl benzene sulfates, alkyl amides sulfates, as well as their alkoxylated derivatives (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP) derivatives), their corresponding salts or mixtures thereof. Among the examples of ionic surface-active agents, one can also mention, but not be limited to, salts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and/or their alkoxylated derivatives thereof, especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP), (such as , for example, sodium laurate, sodium palmitate or sodium stearate, sodium oleate), alpha-sulfonated methyl and/or sodium laureate, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, paraffin sulfonates, N-acyl-N- alkyltaurates, alkylphosphates, alkylsuccinamates, alkylsulfosuccinates, monoesters or diesters of sulfosuccinates, alkylglycoside sulfates. Examples of non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP)) alkyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, more particularly 08-022, the products derived from condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with ethylene diamine, alkoxylated fatty acid amides (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or or propoxylated (OP)), alkoxylated amines (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP)), alkoxylated amidoamines (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP)), amine oxides, alkoxylated terpene hydrocarbons (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP)), alkyl polyglycosides, amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, ethoxylated alcohols, sorbitan esters or ethoxylated sorbitan esters. Examples of amphoteric surfactants may also be mentioned, but not limited to betaines, imidazoline derivatives, polypeptides or lipoamino acids. More particularly, suitable betaines according to the present invention may be chosen from cocoamidopropyl betaine, dodecyl betaine, hexadecyl betaine, octadecyl betaine, phospholipids and their derivatives, amino acid esters, water-soluble proteins, water-soluble protein esters and mixtures thereof. Examples of cationic surfactants may also be mentioned, but not limited to, amino laurate oxide, amino propyl cocoate oxide, caprylanphocarboxy glycinate, lauryl propionate, lauryl betaine, taloyl-bis-2-hydroxyethyl betaine. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the nonionic foaming agent can be associated with at least one anionic or cationic or amphoteric foaming agent.

[085] Among the examples of amphiphilic surfactants, mention can be made, but not limited to polymers, oligomers or copolymers that are at least miscible in the aqueous phase. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers can have a statistical distribution or a multiblock distribution. The amphiphilic polymers or oligomers used in the present invention are chosen from block copolymers, comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, the hydrophilic block being obtained from at least one non-ionic and/or anionic monomer . As an example of such amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, mention may be made in particular of polysaccharides with hydrophobic groups, in particular alkyl groups, polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof. As an example of amphiphilic polymers or oligomers, mention may also be made of polyhydroxystearate-polyethylene glycol-polyhydroxystearate triblock polymers, branched or unbranched acrylic polymers or hydrophobic polyacrylamide polymers.

[086] In reference to non-ionic amphiphilic polymers, particularly alkoxylated ones (especially ethoxylated (EO) and/or propoxylated (OP)), the latter being particularly chosen among polymers in which at least a part (at least 50% by mass) is miscible with water. As examples of polymers of this type, mention may be made, inter alia, of the polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol triblock polymers. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the present invention is a protein, in particular a protein of animal origin, particularly keratin, or a protein of vegetable origin, particularly a water-soluble protein from wheat, rice, soy or grain. By way of example, mention may be made of wheat protein hydrolyzate sodium laurate, oat protein hydrolyzate laurate, or apple amino acid sodium cocoate. Preferably, the foaming agent used according to the present invention is a protein whose molecular weight ranges from 300 to 50,000 Daltons. The foaming agent is used, according to the present invention, at a content of from 0.001% to 2%, preferably from 0.01% to 1%, preferably from 0.005% to 0.2% by mass of foaming agent , in relation to the mass of the binding agent.

- A4 - Additional binding agent

[087] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises at least one additional binding agent -A4-, different from the binding agent -A1-, and selected from Portland cements, fast natural cements and slags, geopolymeric cements, natural pozzolans, sodium silicates, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binding agents or mixtures thereof.

[088] For example, an artificial Portland cement suitable as a secondary binding agent -A4- comprises: - from 20% to 95% of a clinker containing: - from 50% to 80% of C 3S; - from 4% to 40% C 2S; - from 0% to 20% of C 4AF and; - from 0% to 2% C 3A; - from 0% to 4% of $; - from 0% to 80% of blast furnace slag, silica fume, pozzolan and/or fly ash.

[089] In one embodiment of the present invention, -A4- is an organic binding agent selected from the group consisting of - ideally consisting of: redispersible polymer powders, epoxy (co)polymers, (co)polyurethanes and mixtures thereof.

[090] According to a notable feature of the present invention, the composition also comprises: - A5 - a lubricating mineral filler of granulometry d90 less than 100μm; - A6 - a mineral filler with spacing of d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm; - and possibly one or more adjuvants.

- A5 - lubricating mineral filler

[091] The lubricating mineral filler of granulometry d90 less than 100μm is preferably chosen: - from natural and synthetic silicate minerals and, preferably, from clays, mica, kaolins, metakaolins, silica fumes, fly ash and the mixtures thereof; - between limestone or silica-limestone fillers; - among the fly ash; - or between mixtures of these.

- A6 - spacing mineral filler

[092] The mineral filler spacing d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm is preferably selected from silica sand, limestone or silica-limestone, light fillers, which are particularly chosen from expanded or unexpanded vermiculite, expanded or unexpanded perlite, spheres expanded or unexpanded glass beads [hollow glass spheres (type 3M®) or expanded glass aggregates (Poraver®, Liaver®)], silica aerogels, expanded or unexpanded polystyrene, cenospheres (phyllites), hollow alumina spheres, expanded or unexpanded clays, pumice, silicate foam grains, rhyolite (Noblite®) or mixtures thereof.

- A7 - Water repellent adjuvant

[093] The water repellent is preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally, it consists of fluorinated, silanized, siliconized, siloxane agents, metallic salts of fatty acids and mixtures thereof, preferably among sodium, potassium and/or salts. or magnesium from oleic and/or stearic acids and mixtures thereof.

- A8 - Set retardant adjuvant

[094] The setting retardant is preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally, it consists of calcium chelating agents, carboxylic acids and their salts, polysaccharides and their derivatives, phosphonates, lignosulfonates, phosphates, borates and lead salts, copper, zinc, arsenic and antimony, in particular tartaric acid and its salts, preferably sodium or potassium salts, citric acid and its salts, preferably its sodium salt (trisodium citrate), sodium gluconates; sodium phosphonates; sulphates and their sodium or potassium salts and mixtures thereof.

- A9 - Setting accelerator adjuvant

[095] The setting accelerator is preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally, it consists of alkaline and alkaline earth salts of hydroxides, halides, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, thiocyanates, sulfates, thiosulphates, perchlorates, silica, aluminum , and/or between carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts, alkanolamines, insoluble silicate compounds such as silica fumes, fly ash or natural pozzolans, silicate quaternary ammoniums, finely divided inorganic compounds such as silica gels or calcium carbonates and /or finely divided magnesium and mixtures thereof; this complementary setting accelerator (e) is preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally consisting of chlorides and their sodium or calcium salts; carbonates and their sodium or lithium salts, sulfates and their sodium or potassium salts, calcium hydroxides and formates and mixtures thereof.

- A10 - Thickening adjuvant

[096] -A10- is an adjuvant different from -A2- which improves the flow threshold of the mortar (adhesion of the mortar to the substrate).

[097] Preferably, this thickening adjuvant is preferably selected from the group comprising - ideally, it consists of polysaccharides and their derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols, mineral thickeners, linear polyacrylamides and mixtures thereof.

- Binding agent compositions A:

[098] In one embodiment, the composition, according to the present invention, is characterized in that the binding agent -A- comprises - in % by weight/weight on a dry basis and in increasing order, preferably: - A1 - primary binding agent: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75]; - A2 - water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2]; - A3 - surfactant: [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5]; - A4 - additional binding agent [0 - 85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15]; - A5 - lubricating mineral filler with d90 granulometry less than 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 30]; [0 - 20]; - A6 - mineral filler spacing d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 35]; [0 - 30]; - A7 - water repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5]; - A8 - setting retardant adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A9 - setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A10 - thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0.1 - 1]; [0.2 - 0.8].

- B - AGGREGATE OF BIOLOGICAL BASIS

[099] This bio-based aggregate typical of construction systems, according to the present invention, is based on sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks and has an apparent volumetric mass (MVA) of less than 110 kg/m3.

[100] More specifically, this bio-based aggregate is based on thallus pith which represents over 15% by weight on a dry basis of the aggregate.

[101] This quantitative and qualitative selection of the bio-based aggregate is essential to obtain a constructive system, according to the present invention, whose hardened insulating layer provides the desired thermal insulating properties, while providing the constructive mechanical properties of the system and, in in particular, the expected ductility.

[102] According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the biobased aggregate consists of stalk particles that have a granulometry with the passage of all particles, the largest dimension of said particles (in millimeters and in ascending order. preference): < 15; < 14; < 13; < 12; < 11.

[103] These particles are produced from sunflower stalks, corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, by industrial methods of shredding, crushing, grinding, separating.

[104] Separation of stalk particles may primarily include sorting between pith particles and bark particles, for example through the use of a densimeter table.

[105] According to a preferred feature of the present invention, the stem particles are mainly composed of pith particles. Preferably, the percent pith by weight on a dry basis of pith particles, relative to the total mass of stalk particles, is defined as follows, in ascending order, preferably: pmedule > 15; > 20; > 30; > 40; > 50.

[106] Unlike the shell, the sunflower pith is characterized by the fact that it has a highly alveolar structure, which gives it a very low density (30-35 kg/m3).

[107] To improve the performance of the constructive system, it is provided, according to the present invention, to ensure that this pith is in the form of particles with a form factor F defined as being the ratio of the largest dimension of the particles to the smallest dimension, such that F < 3; preferably F < 2.5; and, preferably, F < 2.5.

Intermediate Products

[108] The present invention also has as an object, as a new product, the dry composition (d) useful, in particular, in the system, according to the present invention, characterized by the fact that it contains at least one biologically based aggregate -B- consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110; preferably between 10 and 80.

[109] In the aforementioned dry composition (d), the pith is advantageously presented in the form of particles, with a form factor F defined as the ratio of the largest dimension of the particles to the smallest dimension, such that F < 3; preferably F < 2.5; and, preferably, F < 2.5.

[110] Preferably, the dry composition (d), according to the present invention, contains a binding agent -A- comprising - in % by weight/weight on a dry basis and in increasing order, preferably: - A1 - primary binding agent: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75]; - A2 - water retention agent: [0 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 - 2]; - A3 - surfactant: [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5]; - A4 - additional binding agent [0 - 85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15]; - The 5- lubricating mineral load of d90 granulometry less than 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 30]; [0 - 20]; - A6 - mineral filler spacing d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 35]; [0 - 30]; - A7 - water repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5]; - A8 - setting retardant adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A9 - setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A10 - thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0.1 - 1]; [0.2 - 0.8].

[111] According to a particular embodiment, the dry composition (d), according to the present invention, is packaged in a bag containing the biobased aggregate -B-, as defined above, or a binding agent -A- , as defined above, or a mixture of the two, preferably in proportions adapted for the preparation of a hardened insulating layer, said bag also comprising an information leaflet on how to use the kit for the manufacture of hardened insulating layers.

[112] The present invention also envisages as a new product, a kit comprising, separately, a package containing a biobased aggregate -B-, according to the present invention, and a package containing a binding agent -A-, according to the present invention, and an information leaflet on how to use the kit for the manufacture of hardened insulating layers.

Wet Composition

[113] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a wet composition usable in civil construction formed by a mixture of the dry composition, according to the present invention, mixed with a liquid, preferably water.

[114] According to a notable feature of the present invention, said wet composition is pumpable in a piston pump, or in a screw pump, for example, a screw pump with a clearance between the rotor and the stator between 4 mm and 30 mm.

[115] In addition to the pumpability of said wet composition, the composition, according to the present invention, meets a specification of "projection ability", that is, for example, said wet formulation, as soon as it is designed and applied, in a layer of approximately 5 cm, on a vertical substrate in concrete perpians, retains this vertical substrate, without creep and without flow, during the time necessary for its hardening and adhesion in the hardened form on the said vertical substrate to an ambient temperature of, for example, 5°C to 35°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 20% to 90%.

Wet Composition Preparation Process

[116] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the wet composition, as defined above. This process consists of mixing a liquid, preferably water, with the dry composition usable in civil construction, as defined above, advantageously, at a mass ratio [water/binding agent -A-] greater than or equal to 0.8, preferably greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5.

[117] Said mixing can be done using any appropriate conventional device known to those skilled in the art.

[118] Said mixing device may be a planetary or fixed-shaft mixer (vertical or horizontal) or a concrete mixer. The mixing device may or may not be installed directly on the machine comprising the screw pump, thus allowing application by spraying or pouring the wet composition.

Construction System Manufacturing Method

[119] The present invention also has as its object a method of manufacturing the constructive system, according to the present invention, which essentially comprises the following steps: (i) mixing the binding agent -A-, the biobased aggregate -B- and water; the water and the -B- aggregate are preferably pre-mixed; the binding agent -A- is subsequently incorporated into the premix thus obtained, to obtain a curable wet composition; preferably at a weight ratio of water/binding agent -A- between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, preferably between greater than 1.5 and 3.5; (ii) shaping the wet composition to obtain a layer; (iii) allowing this layer to dry, to obtain a hardened insulating layer.

[120] Preferably, the conformation (ii) is carried out by projecting the wet composition onto a substrate formed by a wall of the constructive system and/or by pouring it into a mold formed or not by one or more elements that constitute the system constructive element, said element or at least one of these elements being the wall associated with the hardened insulating layer of the constructive system.

[121] As illustrated in the attached Figures, said wall can be a wall, a ceiling element or a floor element (screed).

[122] Forming (ii) is carried out: • by projecting the wet composition: • onto a vertical or inclined substrate; • for the purpose of filling the wooden structure or metal frame, on site; • or for the purpose of producing prefabricated building elements; or • by pouring or projecting and spreading the wet composition onto a horizontal plane on the floor to make a screed or by projecting the wet composition onto a raised horizontal plane to make a ceiling; or • by pouring the wet composition, in a formwork, to make a wall, for the filling of the wet composition between two walls or in a mold to make prefabricated masonry unitary elements and, in particular, blocks, studs, bricks or pre-walls or panels.

Building Structures or Civil Engineering Works

[123] The present invention also relates to building structures constructed through the use of the constructive system, according to the present invention.

[124] Other details and advantageous features of the present invention will appear from the description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Examples Method M1 for determining the Apparent Volumetric Mass of the bio-based aggregate

[125] Apparent volumetric mass is the volumetric mass of the bulk material, including permeable and impermeable particle voids, as well as voids between particles.

[126] The protocol that allows the determination of the apparent volumetric mass of the aggregates was defined by Technical Committee 236 of RILEM - Construction materials based on biologically-based aggregates (Technical Committee 236 - Bio-aggregates based building materials). This protocol will be called the "inverted method".

[127] It consists of: - Drying the aggregates in an oven at 60°C until the mass stabilizes; - Introduce the dry aggregates into a cylinder (diameter between 10 and 20 cm and height at least twice the diameter), so that it is at least half full. For example, diameter = 12 cm and height = 20 cm; - Invert the container 10 times; - Shake to obtain a horizontal surface and record the volume occupied by the aggregates; - Afterwards, weigh the aggregates and determine the apparent volumetric mass (AVM). - The test is repeated three times. The mean value and standard deviation of the measurement are calculated.

M2 Method - Measuring the Water Retention Time of a Bio-Based Mortar

[128] This M2 method corresponds to an adaptation of the so-called filter method. Apparatus - Metal mold Internal dimensions: - Upper diameter: 100 + 5 mm - Lower diameter: 80 +/- 5 mm - Height: 25 + 1 mm External dimensions: - Diameter: 120 +/- 5 mm - Height: 30 + 1 mm - Spatula - Tile (size: approximately 120 mm x 5 mm) - Precision balance: 0.01 g - Filter paper 100 mm in diameter (Schleicher type or Lab filter 0965 NW 25 L): separation filter. (i). 100 mm diameter filter paper (Schleicher 2294 or Lab S-Type 600 filter). Protocol 1. The sample is prepared, according to the method of mixing described in test T2. 2. Weigh the empty and dry mold ^ mA 3. Weigh the Schleicher filter paper 2294 or Lab filter S-Type 600) ^ mB 4. Fill the mold with the hemp mortar using a spatula, exceeding it slightly to ensure contact of the filter and paste. 5. Weigh the filled mold ^ mC 6. Cover the mass with the separating filter paper (Schleicher type or Lab filter 0965 NW 25 L) and then place the 2294 or S-600 filter in the apparatus. 7. Place the tile in the device and turn everything over, start the timer: the test time is 15 minutes. 8. After 15 minutes, collect the 2294 or S-600 filter paper and weigh it ^ mD Expression of results: • Calculation 1: mass of water contained in the product • Water = ((mC-mA)*Tg%)/ (100+Tg%) • Calculation 2: loss of water from the product • .\water = (mD-mB) • Calculation 3: water retention in % • R% = ((Water - .\water)/Water)* 100 • EN 1015-8: Methods of test for mortar masonry - Part 8: Determination of water retentivity of fresh mortar. (September 1999)

Lambda Thermal Conductivity Measurement

[129] The thermal conductivity À (w/m.k) characterizes the heat flow through a material one meter thick, for a temperature difference of one Kelvin between the two parts of inlet and outlet.

[130] Measurements were made with an HFM measuring device (Heat Flow Meter) and by the hot plate method with prismatic samples measuring 14 cm x 16 cm x 4 cm. Measurement conditions were set at 20°C and 50% relative humidity. • RAW MATERIALS Binding Agent A A1: • HYDRAULIC LIME HL 3.5 LAFARGE • HYDRATE LIME CL90, EUROCHO • SULFOALUMINOUS CEMENT, I.TECH ALICEM, ITALCEMENTI A2: • CULMINAL C8367, WATER RETENTION AGENT, METHYLHYDROXYETHYCELLULOSE, • VISCOSITY 32000-40000 M.PA.S, ASHLAND AQUALON; A3: • NANSA LSS 495/H, SURFACTANT, SODIUM ALPHA OLEFINE SULPHONATE, HUNTSMAN; A5: • SILICA SMOKE, RW SILICIUM GMBH; A6: • SILICIOUS SAND, 0.1/0.4, SIBELCO FRANCE A7: • MAGNESIUM STEARATE M-125, METALEST.

BIOLOGICAL BASE AGGREGATE -B-:

[131] Load made up of 95% of the vegetable pith obtained by crushing sunflower stalks and classified using densimetric tables (sieves) and a vibrating sieve. The particles have a size between 2 mm and 15 mm.

[132] The images in Figure 8 attached show a sunflower stalk before milling (left image) and after milling and separating: husk (central image) and pith (right image) of sunflower.

[133] The images in the attached Figure 9 show the sunflower particles after grinding and separation: pith (left image) and husk (right image).

Example 1 Execution of thermal insulation on the outside with an insulating mortar based on sunflower pith

[134] The insulating system is the one illustrated in Figure 1, which is composed of: [3] an insulating mortar designed from sunflower pith (6 cm), [4] Finishing coating: PAREXAL lime coating from the PATRIMOINE range by PAREXLANKO.

[135] Figures 11A, 11B and 11C illustrate the mixing of the constituents of the insulating mortar in the mixing tank of the spraying machine (Putzmeister - P11): pith (aggregate -B-) + binding agent A + water.

[136] Figures 12A-12B and 12C show: - Figure 12A: Sunflower pith-based insulating mortar after leveling with a ruler (wall surface 7m2). - Figure 12B: PAREXAL protection of the corner rods; - Figure 12C: Calcined finish sanded in PAREXAL.

[137] The insulating mortar is composed of a binding agent -A- (15 kg) and a filler -B- (100L). The composition of the binding agent is as follows:

[138] The -B- filler is composed of 90% sunflower pith particles. This filler -B- is obtained from sunflower stalks harvested in Rhône Alpes. The transformation process used is as follows: 1. After harvesting the flower heads, the sunflower stalks are left in the field for the time necessary to reach a moisture content of less than 30%. 2. The stalks are harvested into silage with a combine harvester normally used to harvest sunflower flower heads (eg CLASS 830 forage harvester). 3. The silage product is then ground using a hammer mill (type Electra Goulu N). 4. The ground material consisting of stem particles (bark and pith) is sieved in a vibrating sieve (RITEC type) to obtain a granulometry of less than 15 mm. 5. The pith and bark are separated using a densimetric table (CIMBRIA type).

[139] The granulometric analysis of charge -B- was performed by sieving: the maximum size is less than 12 mm. The charge density -B-, according to method M1, is 30 kg/m3. Figure 13 in annex shows the granulometric distribution of the -B- aggregate obtained from the sunflower pith.

[140] Conditions and technique for applying sunflower pith-based insulating mortar: - Plastering machine: Putzmeister P11, screw pump water regulation at 5 bar, tube diameter 35 mm and 25 mm, tube length 25 m. - Projection boom with 14 mm truncated cone nozzle. - Mixing: 1) introduction of all mixing water; 2) simultaneous introduction of binding agent -A- and filler -B-; 3) Mix for 5 minutes and, if necessary, add more water to obtain the desired workability. - Application by projection in successive passes of 3 cm. - Regularization with a ruler, to regularize the planimetry.

[141] The finishing coat (PAREXAL - monolayer coating manufactured by PAREXGROUP SA) was applied 48 hours after the last application of the insulating mortar. After placing the corner rods, the finish coat was applied in one pass (final thickness 10 mm).

[142] 28 days after applying the finishing coat, the insulation system was evaluated according to the European standard ETAG 004 for external thermal insulation.

[143] Figure 14 shows the core of the insulation system obtained after an adhesion test, according to the European standard ETAG 004.

EXAMPLE 2 Projection of an insulating mortar based on corn pith for the thermal insulation of vertical walls in an internal thermal insulation system (ITI) and an external thermal insulation system (ITE).

[144] Figures 15A, 15B and 15C show projections on a vertical substrate in concrete perpiano of the insulating mortar based on corn husk, whose binding agent formula -A- is given later.

[145] The corn pith harvesting and processing process was carried out according to the following method: 1. When harvesting the corn cobs with the harvester, the corn stalk is ensiled in ventilated buckets. 2. Separation of the bark and pith is performed according to the technique described in PCT W02015/180781. 3. The vibrating sieve sifting makes it possible to obtain the desired granulometry and eliminate the shell residues.

[146] The density of aggregates -B- measured by the M1 method is 23.8 kg/m3.

[147] Figure 16 shows the corn pith -B- aggregates used in this Example 2.

[148] The table below presents the composition and properties of the insulating mortar prepared in this Example 2 with the binding agent -A-, the aggregates -B- and water.

EXAMPLES 3 to 7

[149] This example shows the impact of the B/A ratio (biologically-based aggregate/binding agent) on the lambda thermal conductivity <0.1 W/(m.K) of the hardened insulating layer of the construction system, according to the present invention.

[150] The charge -B- is made up of the same aggregate -B- used in Example 1. The mixtures were made using a planetary mixer with a vertical axis of the "Perrier" type. The mixing method used is as follows: 1. Introduce the water, filler -B- and binding agent A. 2. Mix at 120 rpm for 3 minutes. If necessary, add more water to get the desired consistency. 3. Homogenize the mixture by hand, using a mixing paddle for 30 sec. 4. Restart mixing for 2 minutes at 120 rpm.

[151] The composition of the binding agent -A- is detailed in the following table:

[152] Increasing the B/A ratio results in a decrease in the density and hence the thermal conductivity of the hardened insulating material.

[153] Figure 17 shows the evolution of the density of the hardened insulating layer obtained in Examples 3 to 7, as a function of the proportion of Aggregate B [L]/Bindering Agent A [kg].

[154] Figure 18 shows the evolution of the thermal conductivity of the hardened insulating layer obtained in Examples 3 to 7, as a function of the density in the hardened state of the insulating material.

Claims (11)

1. MULTILAYER CONSTRUCTION AND INSULATION SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS, characterized by the fact that: (a) the system comprises at least one wall associated with at least one hardened insulating layer; (b) the maximum thickness of the hardened insulating layer is from 1 cm to 60 cm; (c) the hardened insulating layer has an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 less than or equal to 450; (d) said hardened insulating layer is prepared by mixing water with a dry composition (DC) comprising: - A - at least one binding agent, comprising: - A1 - at least one hydraulic or air binding agent ; - B - at least one bio-based aggregate consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110; (e) said composition has an A/B ratio [mass of dry binding agent -A- in kg]/[mass of dry filler -B- in kg], ranging between, preferably, in increasing order, 1 and 15; 1 and 10; 1 and 8; 1 and 6. 2. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardened insulating layer is interposed between the associated wall and at least another wall and/or at least another layer of a different hardened insulating material, this other wall and /or this other layer may possibly be a finishing wall or a finishing layer. 3. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardened insulating layer has a thermal conductivity À of less than 0.09 W/m.K; preferably less than or equal to 0.085 W/m.K. 4. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the percentage of thallus pith in the biologically based aggregate is (in % by weight on a dry basis) > 15. 5. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the biologically-based aggregate consists of stalk particles that have a granulometry with the passage of all particles, the largest dimension of said particles (in millimeters): < 15 . 6. SYSTEM, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the binding agent A1 is selected from the group that ideally consists of cements, aerial lime, hydraulic lime, slag, geopolymers, metakaolins, high-content binding agents in cementitious phases rich in alumina, natural pozzolans, sodium silicates, potassium silicates, lithium silicates, organic binding agents and their mixtures alone or together; the cements being preferably selected from the group comprising, ideally consisting of Portland cements, fly ash Portland cements, pozzolana Portland cement, combustion silica Portland cements, masonry cements, fast natural cements, expansive cements, mixed white cements , colored cements, finely ground cements, lime-pozzolan cements, supersulfated cements, cements based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA), cements based on calcium aluminate (CAC), natural cements, lime and its mixtures used alone or in set. 7. SYSTEM, according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the binding agent -A- comprises - in % by weight/weight on a dry basis and in increasing order, preferably: - A1 - agent primary binder: [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75]; - A2 - water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 -2]; - A3 - surfactant: [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5]; - A4 - additional binding agent [0 - 85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15]; - A5 - lubricating mineral filler with d90 granulometry less than 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 30]; [0 - 20]; - A6 - mineral filler spacing d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 35]; [0 - 30]; - A7 - water repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5]; - A8 - setting retardant adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A9 - setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A10 - thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0.1 - 1]; [0.2 - 0.8]. 8. DRY COMPOSITION (DC) usable, in particular, in the system, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains at least one biologically-based aggregate -B- consisting of sunflower stalks and/or corn stalks and/or rapeseed stalks, with an apparent volumetric mass (AVM) in kg/m3 of less than 110, the dry composition (DC) containing a binding agent -A- comprising - in % by weight/weight in a dry base and in ascending order, preferably: - A1 - binding agent [5 - 95]; [10 - 85]; [15 - 75]; - A2 - water retention agent: [0.1 - 5]; [0.5 - 3]; [0.8 -2]; - A3 - surfactant: [0 - 2]; [0.01 - 1]; [0.05 - 0.5]; - A4 - additional binding agent [0 - 85]; [5 - 50]; [7 - 15]; - A5 - lubricating mineral filler with d90 granulometry less than 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 30]; [0 - 20]; - A6 - mineral filler spacing d90 granulometry greater than or equal to 100μm: [0 - 40]; [0 - 35]; [0 - 30]; - A7 - water repellent adjuvant: [0 - 1.5]; [0 - 1]; [0 - 0.5]; - A8 - setting retardant adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A9 - setting accelerator adjuvant: [0 - 3]; [0 - 2]; [0 - 1]; - A10 - thickening adjuvant: [0 - 2]; [0.1 - 1]; [0.2 - 0.8]. 9. KIT, characterized in that it comprises, separately, a package containing a biologically based aggregate -B- defined according to claim 8, and a package containing a binding agent -A- defined according to claim 8, and an information leaflet on how to use the kit to manufacture hardened insulating layers. 10. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM, according to any of the preceding claims from 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (i) mixing the binding agent -A-, the biologically based aggregate -B - and water; the water and the -B- aggregate are preferably pre-mixed; the binding agent -A- is subsequently incorporated into the premix thus obtained, to obtain a curable wet composition; preferably at a weight ratio of water/binding agent -A- between 0.8 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4, preferably between greater than 1.5 and 3.5; (ii) shaping the wet composition to obtain a layer; (iii) allowing this layer to dry, to obtain a hardened insulating layer. 11. METHOD, according to claim 10, characterized in that the conformation (ii) is carried out by projecting the wet composition onto a substrate formed by a wall of the constructive system and/or by pouring it into a mold formed or not by a or more elements constituting the constructive system, said element or at least one of these elements being the wall associated with the hardened insulating layer of the constructive system.