IT202100009629A1 - MORTAR INCLUDING A GEOPOLYMER AND OLIVE POMACE, A METHOD OF PREPARING IT AND ARTIFACTS SUCH AS PANELS - Google Patents

Description

MALTA INCLUDING A GEOPOLYMER AND OLIVE POMACE, UN

METHOD OF PREPARING IT AND ARTIFACTS SUCH AS PANELS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a mortar comprising a geopolymer and olive pomace, a method for preparing it and obtaining manufactured articles such as panels.

STATE OF ART

The pomace of olives? a by-product of the olive oil extraction process composed of skin films, pulp residues and stone fragments.

The production of olive oil ? for Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Greece, Italy, Turkey and Tunisia an important activity? agro-industrial. Only in Tunisia does the annual production of olive oil reach 200 x10<3 >T.

With the current production processes from 100kg of olives, about 30% of pomace is obtained. Due to the high content of phenols and lignin, the solid fraction is ? hardly degradable with natural processes and ? known as landfilling can become a very complex environmental problem to solve.

According to the European Directive 91/689/EEC solid waste deriving from the treatment of edible oil are not considered dangerous and can therefore be disposed of. be used in recycling and reuse processes. Furthermore, the Italian law (D.L. 05-02-1997 n.22) encourages the reuse of this type of materials in recycled products rather than their disposal in landfills.

? why? the need to find valid applications from an industrial and economic point of view for this by-product of one of the most important agricultural productions is particularly felt. important for the country.

Various uses of olive pomace have been proposed, for example as a filler in thermoplastic composites (Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol. 9, No. 4, October 2001 (q 2002) pag 157-161), composites with polyvinyl chloride (J Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, DOI: 10.1002/APP.41083, and filler in ethylenepropylene Polymer Engineering and Science?2016 pp.27-35 matrix).

The Applicant has perfected a process which reuses high percentages of olive pomace for the production of vibro-pressable mortar for obtaining articles, such as for example panels, preferably heat-insulating.

Geopolymers are organic materials created in 1976 by the French scientist Devidovits. ("Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Mineral Blockpolymer by Low Temperature Polycondensation of Alumino-Silicate Polymers: Napoly (sialate) or Na-PS and Characteristics" Joseph DAVIDOVITS, IUPAC Symposium on Long-Term Properties of Polymers and Polymeric Materials, Stockholm 1976, Topic III).

The geopolymer ? an inorganic material with a non-crystalline structure, formed by a source of silica and alumina (aluminosilicates) and an alkaline solution which activates the geopolymerization process at room temperature. Easy-to-use alkaline reagents, such as sodium or potassium silicates, are useful in geopolymerization.

In recent years, geopolymer has attracted considerable attention due to its high compressive strength, exceptional resistance to sulphate attack, and resistance to acids, as well as being, by its nature, an environmentally sound material. .

These materials are currently used as mixtures to replace cements as building materials and to make composite materials formed from a geopolymer matrix in which organic fibers are dispersed in an orderly manner and which have good mechanical and thermal insulation characteristics.

In literature you can find various publications and patents concerning geopolymer formulations to be used for alternative mortars to cement ones but the combination with olive pomace is not? never been described.

WO2017/077246 discloses a dry mortar composition comprising various types of binders and different types of bio-fillers including olive pomace. actually? in the cited patent there is no mention of pomace, but? of olive stone (commonly called nocciolino) and the dry mortar? used in sprayable mortars, not for 3D printing. Furthermore, traditional binders are disclosed which cannot be validly used in the present invention.

There are some examples in the literature of the use of olive pits in cement mortars as bio-fillers (ES 2676912), but not of the use of olive pomace in significant quantities.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

From a technical point of view, the main problem? that of finding a recipe that could use the pomace, without it having to undergo further processing after its production, i.e. after having only dried it to a humidity level of 100%. pre-established and suitably screened.

Another problem? the presence of a residual oily patina which remains on the pomace after the production of the oil.

A further problem? that of making the geopolymer mortar containing the olive pomace reach the desired consistency. Often a completely insufficient resistance development is achieved. In addition to the low resistances, when the product is immersed in water, after a few minutes of immersion, an amber/brown substance comes out of the product (probably tannins linked to the lignin content in the stones) migrated due to of the alkaline pH of the geopolymer reaction. Each binder at alkaline pH (even non-geopolymeric) produces the same side effect that ? such as to immediately pollute the water.

All these factors do not allow a satisfactory setting by traditional cement binders and also do not allow to obtain the properties? rheological and mechanical, at the base of a mortar for the production of artefacts such as preferably thermal insulating panels, also considering sufficient durability? in the time of the artifact.

A further problem? to obtain said artifacts characterized by a quantity? high in olive pomace.

In the context of these problems, an object of the present invention is that of obtaining a mortar comprising geopolymers and olive pomace such as to allow the production of a vibro-pressable mortar.

Another object of the present invention relates to a method for obtaining manufactured articles such as for example panels, preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing.

Pi? in general, the mortar of the invention lends itself to making articles of any type, even of large dimensions, for example for the building industry, according to the different formwork which can be used.

These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by means of a system incorporating the characteristics of the attached claims, which form an integral part of the present description.

For ?malta? according to the present invention we mean a geopolymer composite material where sand, in the common definition of mortar, is replaced by olive pomace.

According to a first aspect, the present invention ? direct to a mortar comprising a geopolymer and olive pomace where the olive pomace, after drying, has humidity? residual less than 15% m/m, preferably less than 10% m/m measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard and a granulometry between 1 and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the mortar ? a vibro-pressed mortar.

For ?vibro-pressed mortar? according to the present invention is meant a mortar, as defined above, with a moist consistency which, contrary to the traditional one, has as its technical characteristic the use of special ?vibro-pressing systems? with immediate demoulding (tubbers/blockers/vibrating benches) which make up for the lower ?plasticity? and ?workability?? of the dough itself.

The mortar object of the invention ? surprisingly suitable for this type of processing, allowing ?demoulding? of the building with the consequent advantage of being able to immediately reuse the formworks for a subsequent production. Therefore a higher daily production.

The vibropressure technique applied to the mortar of the invention allows for better durability? of the artifact, avoiding the formation of cavities? which would increase the risk of aggression from external agents.

The presence of the geopolymer also makes it possible to avoid the problems of efflorescence which are typical of traditional cement mixtures.

For ?olive pomace? (pomace) in the present invention is meant the solid residue (stones, peel films, parts of pulp) from the pressing of the olive paste. Usually the origin of the olives? of biological origin. It represents 30-50% of the processed olives.

Generally, the composition of pomace useful for the invention?:

- oil from 2 to 15%

-water from 20 to 40%

-solid fraction from 50 to 80%

where the % ? to be understood in weight with respect to the sum of the constituents.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the pomace has the following composition:

- oil from 5 to 10%

-water from 25 to 30%

-solid fraction from 60 to 70%

The pomace is collected from the mills and taken to a covered place to be able to work it later. ? It is necessary that this undergoes a drying treatment to be depleted of the water present inside it, for the benefit of a more constant compositional consistency. easy to handle when mixing with the geopolymer binder. Drying can take place in any of the ways known in the art, both naturally, at room temperature, and artificially with flows of hot air in industrial plants.

Advantageously the? Humidity? residue of pomace after drying? less than 15%, preferably less than 10% measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard. Generally the ash content ? less than 5%, preferably less than 3%. ? It has been verified, through quality control, that the pomace does not contain allergens, toxic substances or chemical additives. The pomace has a particle size of between 1 mm and 8 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm.

The pomace is sieved and divided into two dimensions with respect to its granulometric curve. The screening can be performed in any mode? and with any tool, as long as? dimensional separation is respected. The top 1 mm is used in conjunction with the geopolymer binder.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the granulometric curve used relates to the fraction between 1 and 8 mm, plus? preferably between 1 and 5 mm.

The geopolymer ? the binder which is used in the formulation of the present invention.

The geopolymer ? the reaction product of an amorphous silico-aluminous source, which ? said precursor (powder) and an alkaline liquid which activates the geopolymerization process at a suitable temperature (liquid).

Generally in a preferred aspect of the invention the temperature ? the room temperature, but the technician can? easily increase or decrease the temperature in order to accelerate or reduce the time of the geopolymerization process.

In the formulation according to the present invention the amorphous silico-aluminous reactive powder comprises metakaolin, F-type coal fly ash and steel plant recycled materials.

The ?coal fly ash? according to the present invention belongs to class F according to the ASTM C618 standard and ? the residue from the burning of bituminous coals or anthracite. ? consisting essentially of SiO2 (silica) and reactive Al2O3 (alumina). It comes in the form of a very fine powder with activity? pozzolanic.

The ?metakaolin? according to the present invention, it has the formula (Al2O3?2SiO2), and is obtained with the thermal activation of kaolinite clay at about 750?C.

The ?recycled steel? according to the present invention they are powders deriving from the metal smelting process (blast furnace slag) or in ?nanopowders? (amorphous micro and nano silicas) generated in electric arc power plants. For example, the powders deriving from the production of steel in an electric arc furnace (called ?black slag?) can be used.

The alkaline liquid that is used for the polymerization reaction? an alkali silicate preferably of Na or K.

Generally the ratio between geopolymer and olive pomace after drying and screening varies between 30/70 and 70/30 in weight with respect to the sum of the two constituents.

Preferably, the pomace geopolymer ratio after drying and screening varies between 36/64, even more? preferably between 45/55.

The part of the geopolymer ? to be understood as formed by the sum of the silicate (alkaline liquid) and the precursor (powder).

In a preferred aspect of the invention air-entraining or gelling additives can be used, such as for example starch, and mixtures thereof.

A second object of the invention is a process for the preparation of a mortar comprising a geopolymer and olive pomace.

It includes the following stages:

a) Dry the olive pomace until it reaches a humidity value? residual less than 15% m/m, preferably less than 10% m/m measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard;

b) Sifting the dried pomace of phase a) to obtain a granulometric curve where the pomace has a size between 1 and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm;

c) Mix the reactive powders including metakaolin, type F fly ash, and steel mill recycled materials in a suitable container;

d) Add the alkaline liquid and mix the amalgam for a suitable time;

e) Add the olive pomace screened in phase b) possibly mixed with the appropriate additives and any additions to the amalgam of phase d);

f) Mix the product obtained from phase e) for a suitable time.

The container mentioned in step c), how ? known by the technician of the branch, it will depend? the size of the batch; for small batches plastic containers can be used, while for industrial productions the container will be? of metal, preferably coated thanks to a surface treatment.

The mixing time? a feature that the technician of the branch pu? evaluate without problem.

Generally, the mixing time rises as the quantities increase. of the dough in play. As for an industrial plant it pu? vary from 5 to 20 minutes, preferably 15 minutes. Naturally the type of composition of the geopolymer? an important factor in evaluating the mixing time. The branch technician? able without problems to evaluate the time necessary for a correct mixing.

The mixing with the alkaline liquid preferably takes place continuously using a whip drill (for small batches) or with coated steel augers (at an industrial level).

To the pomace mixture and possibly the air-entraining additive, you can add a water content up to 15% by weight, preferably 10% by weight, even more? preferably 5% by weight in order to increase homogeneity? of the final formulation.

Possible additions, according to the present invention are for example rubber, organic resins, polystyrene, air entrainers, glass, mineral fillers, short polymeric or inorganic fibers. The polystyrene? a particularly favorite addition. Adding polystyrene to tile grout can bring different effects, such as an improvement in roughness? superficial, improved property? of thermal insulation and better elasticity? inherent in the material. Could, on the other hand, cause a decrease in breathability? steamed, so? ? it is advisable to include it in formulations in small percentages by weight, i.e. between 1 and 2%.

After a few minutes of further mixing, the mortar ? ready for its application.

A third object of the present invention is a panel produced with mortar formulated with geopolymer and olive pomace said panel being preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing.

Pi? in general, the mortar of the invention lends itself to making articles of any type, both of large dimensions for example for the building industry, or shapes of smaller dimensions such as panels.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, a geopolymer composite printed by 3D printing is adhered to the panel, preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing, produced with the mortar of the invention.

AND? particularly surprising that panels with cos? high percentages of olive pomace are particularly suitable thanks to an excellent adhesion, to be a support for three-dimensional elements 3D printed with composites containing geopolymers.

The word ?composite? it concerns any type of formulation or product containing geopolymers.

This synergy between the two parts (3D printed and substrate)? possible due to the use of a geopolymer, which does not need to be wet or heated to higher temperatures? higher than ambient or coated with a primer before applying the 3D mortar. In fact, the latter? able to recognize the chemical structure of the geopolymer on which it is placed, establishing a strong attraction with it.

The panels of the invention can also possess, in the geopolymerized solid state, particular thermal, mechanical and/or insulating characteristics, for example by adding suitable fillers or additions such as rubber, organic resins, polystyrene, air entrainers, glass, mineral fillers, short polymer fibers or inorganic. The polystyrene? a particularly favorite addition. It can also be polystyrene recycled from decommissioned insulating panels or end-of-life packaging.

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description of some of its preferred embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The use of ?for example?, ?etc?, ?or? indicates non-exclusive alternatives without limitation unless otherwise indicated. The use of ?includes? and ?include? means ?includes or includes, but not limited to? unless otherwise indicated.

As described above the present invention ? direct to a mortar comprising a geopolymer and olive pomace where the olive pomace, after drying, has humidity? residual less than 15% m/m, preferably less than 10% m/m measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard and a granulometry between 1 and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the mortar ? vibro-pressable.

Before the drying process, the pomace looks like a pulverulent material with a density of apparent of about 800-850 grams/litre in a mixed curve of about 0-8 mm obtained by crushing the stones and olives.

The drying of pomace can also effectively take place under the sun in the most? warmest of the year, with a mixing system to ensure its homogeneity? until reaching the humidity? expected residual.

It is stored in a closed shed at room temperature with a humidity more low as possible.

After drying, necessary to carry out a screening of the pomace.

In a preferred aspect of the invention ? a MATEST electronic vibro-sieve with vibration timer was used.

After the vibro-sieving of the virgin pomace it appears as a pulverulent material of density apparent of about 900 grams/litre in a curve of about 1-8mm, preferably 1-5 mm.

Generally the ratio between geopolymer and olive pomace after drying and screening varies between 30/70 and 70/30 in weight with respect to the sum of the two constituents.

Preferably the pomace geopolymer ratio after drying and screening varies between 40/60, even more? preferably between 45 and 55. The part of the geopolymer ? to be understood as formed by the sum of the silicate (alkaline liquid) and the precursor (powder).

The geopolymer ? the binder which is used in the formulation of the present invention, since other binders of the cementitious type cannot be used, not even the fast-acting ones containing sulfoaluminous cement.

The geopolymer ? the reaction product of an amorphous silico-aluminous source (powder) and an alkaline liquid which activates the geopolymerization process at room temperature (liquid).

The geopolymerized material ? stable, not d? place to phenomena of efflorescence or leaching, does not emit odors or gases and pu? be recycled as demolition aggregate at the end of its life, in other geopolymeric or even cementitious materials. In case of disposal, it does not require post-treatments as it does not release polluting substances, does not contain heavy metals or hexavalent chromium (typical in Portland greys). Not being soluble, pu? be disposed of in open landfills. ? an eco-sustainable binder and the production process of the raw materials used to produce it? low energy consumption (there are no carbonates in the quarry raw materials calcined at a low temperature around 750-1150?C) with a saving of CO2 emissions of up to 80%. ? a binder ?carbon negative, then pu? capture a certain amount? of environmental CO2 and give rise to a subtle superficial potassium carbonation, without giving rise to spots or halos.

The characteristics of the geopolymer used in the present invention are as follows:

LEG GP CREAM produced from precursor in micronized powder with D (50) about 8 microns. The liquid reagent? a potassium silicate in aqueous solution, non-commercial grade, but designed to promote geopolymerization, has a pH of about 13.4 (lower than that of milk of lime) Has a viscosity? of about about 20 mPs. The density? mixed with the complete binder? about 1.5 g/cm3 (precursor powder is light, about 0.5-0.6 g/cm3, but silicate is heavier about 1.4 g/cm3). Workability time? or pot life, ? compliant with 3D printing and ? about an hour at 23?C. It does not contain organic or inorganic additives, therefore it does not contain volatile organic compounds (organic content 0%). Does not contain fibers. Features recycled content that can? ranging from 20 to 60% by weight depending on the technical characteristics required.

The invention? illustrated below through experimental examples, which are not to be considered limiting for the scope of the invention.

LEG GP ROSE R produced by

precursor in micronized powder with D (50) about 22 microns. The liquid reagent? a sodium silicate in aqueous solution, non-commercial grade, but designed to promote geopolymerization, has a pH of about 13.2 (lower than that of milk of lime). ? classified as irritant, non-corrosive, non-dangerous for the environment and for users. Does it have viscosity? average of about 300 mPs (this value can vary with the temperature according to the nature of the sodium cation). The density? mixed with the complete binder? about 1.56 g/cm3 (precursor powder is light, about 0.7-0.8 g/cm3, but silicate is heavier about 1.52 g/cm3). Workability time? or pot life, ? about an hour at 23?C (it can be extended at low temperatures or reduced at high temperatures or by modifying the precursor compound). The hardening time in standard mortar (40% complete LEG GP CR 60% quartz mix in curve 0-1 mm) ? of 2-3h (depending on the temperature, the extra water used, but it can be changed from less than 1h to about 5, by reproportioning the precursor compound). Contains no organic or inorganic additives, therefore contains no VOCs (0% organic content). Does not contain fibers. Features recycled content that can? ranging from 20 to 60% by weight depending on the technical characteristics required.

In a preferred aspect of the invention, the mortar with geopolymer and olive pomace? been used to produce heat and/or sound absorbing panels

In order to satisfy the function of thermal and acoustic insulation, the panel? was designed with a low density? (of the order of 600/700 g/l), maintaining for? at the same time the best properties? possible mechanics. Furthermore, the use of the air-entraining additive and corn starch made it possible to have an excellent wrapping of the aggregate by the binder. This allows for excellent breathability? of the panel to the vapor avoiding its condensation, together with a correct management of the humidity? relative to the environments in which it operates, thanks to the mesoporous structure of the binder.

Have tests been carried out in order to certify the properties? highlighted, such as:

- determination of the mechanical resistance to bending and compression of 4x4x16cm prosmatic beams, according to the EN 1504-3 standard;

- determination of the ? declared according to the UNI EN 10456 standard, by means of hot plate measurements. These provide for the measurement of conductivity? thermal ? on a sample of insulation by means of the UNI EN 12667 standard, the determination of the thermal resistance with the thermo-flowmeter method;

- determination of permeability? steamed ?, through the determination of the properties? transmission of water vapor on insulating materials (UNI EN 12086:2013);

- determination of the sound absorption of the panel by instrumental laboratory test.

The conductivity values? thermal vary a lot depending on the modality? productive. In our case from preliminary tests they stand in a range between 0.06 (W/m*K) and 0.09 (W/m*K).

The invention? illustrated below through experimental examples, which are not to be considered limiting for the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

? Pomace not yet screened was used with the composition: oil from 5 to 10%, water from 25 to 30%, solid fraction from 60 to 70%. The pomace? been dried under the sun's rays outdoors, until reaching the humidity? desired residual. ? been verified by UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 a humidity? residual at 10%m/m.

The dried pomace? been processed by sifting through MATEST electronic vibro-sieve? with vibration timer obtaining a grain size of 1-5 mm.

Yes ? there is a total mass of the final compound of 1 kg of extra additives and water calculated on 100% (1 kg of geopolymer + pomace).

AND? LEG GP ROSE R (rapid) and sodium reagent was used with a ratio (precursor + liquid): pomace 45: 55.

The powder binder (0.28 kg) ? was placed in a plastic container with a capacity of 14 l. ? been added the alkaline liquid (0.17 kg) and ? started mixing with a whip drill. After about 5 minutes the amalgam was homogeneous with a fluid consistency.

In the meantime, 0.55 kg of pomace after drying was added to the amalgam with about 5% water. ? Was a BEROPORE 30 air-entraining/wetting additive added? at 0.6% and corn starch BEROLAN ST 801 ? as a gelling agent at 0.2% in the recipe, to lighten the GP binder and keep the air generated during mixing inside.

? continued mixing for a further 5 minutes and it reached the desired consistency.

Were silicone rubber formworks used to make the lightened samples for the panels and to produce small-sized samples (4x4x16cm cubes) to check their properties? physicist.

EXAMPLE 2

? Pomace not yet screened was used with the composition: oil from 5 to 10%, water from 25 to 30%, solid fraction from 60 to 70%. The pomace? been dried under the sun's rays outdoors, until reaching the humidity? desired residual. ? been verified by UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 a humidity? residual at 10%m/m.

The dried pomace? been processed by sifting through MATEST electronic vibro-sieve? with vibration timer obtaining a grain size of 1-5 mm.

Yes ? there is a total mass of the final compound of 1 kg of extra additives and water calculated on 100% (1 kg of geopolymer + pomace).

? LEG GP CREAM R (rapid) and potassium reagent was used with a ratio (precursor + liquid): pomace 36: 64.

The powder binder (0.19 kg) ? was placed in a plastic container with a capacity of 14 l. ? been added the alkaline liquid (0.17 kg) and ? started mixing with a whip drill. After about 5 minutes the amalgam was homogeneous with a fluid consistency.

Meanwhile, 0.64 kg of pomace after drying was added to the amalgam with about 5% water. AND? Was a BEROPORE 30 air-entraining/wetting additive added? at 0.6% and a corn starch BEROLAN ST 801 ? as a gelling agent at 0.2% in the recipe, to lighten the GP binder and keep the air generated during mixing inside.

? continued mixing for a further 5 minutes. Were silicone rubber formworks used to make lightened samples for the panels and to produce small-sized samples (4x4x16cm cubes) to check their properties? mechanical physique.

EXAMPLE 3

Mechanical tests were carried out on the mortars of examples 1-2 to evaluate their properties.

All tests were carried out in the laboratory using the EN 1504-3 standard at a temperature of 23?C and humidity? of the air by 55%. The press what? been used? an automatic double-channel MATEST (for Bending maximum load 15 KN and for Compression maximum load 300 KN). Polyurethane formwork was used.

The results are summarized in table 1

Table 1

Example 4 (comparison)

? The olive pomace used in example 1 was used with a Portland-based cement mix. The ingredients of the mixture used are the following:

- Portland cement 52.5 R gray: 80%

- Polycarboxylic superplasticizer: MELFLUX 5581 F 1% (on 100% by weight) - Water, with w/c ratio = 0.55;

- low viscosity cellulose: Tylose MH 60010 P40.8% (on 100% by weight) - Anti-sediment agent: Starvis 30030.1% (on 100% by weight)

- Setting accelerator: Calcium formate 1.6% (on 100% by weight)

- Olive pomace: 12% (out of 100% by weight)

- acrylic resin powder; ELOTEX FX 23204% (on 100% by weight) - Thixotropic agent: bentonite 0.5%. (on 100% by weight).

The result ? a false grip, since? once the mix is mixed with the pomace as it is, the material does not harden, it soon loses workability, without developing mechanical resistance.

Claims (15)

1. Mortar comprising a geopolymer and olive pomace where the olive pomace, after drying, has humidity? residual less than 15% m/m, preferably less than 10% m/m measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard and a granulometry between 1 and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5mm. 2. Mortar according to claim 1 where the olive pomace has the following composition, before drying (% by weight with respect to the sum of the components): - oil from 2 to 15% -water from 20 to 40% -solid fraction from 50 to 80% 3. Mortar according to claim 1 where the olive pomace has the following composition, before drying, (% by weight with respect to the sum of the components): - oil from 5 to 10% -water from 25 to 30% -solid fraction from 60 to 70% 4. Mortar according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it is vibro-pressable. 5. Mortar according to any one of the preceding claims where the geopolymer is the reaction product at room temperature between an amorphous aluminous silico reactive powder and an alkaline liquid. The mortar according to claim 5 wherein the amorphous silico-aluminous reactive powder comprises metakaolin, F-type coal fly ash, steel mill recycleds and mixtures thereof. 7. Mortar according to claim 5 where the alkaline liquid ? an alkali silicate preferably of Na or K. 8. Mortar according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio between geopolymer and olive pomace after drying and screening varies between 30/70 and 70/30 by weight with respect to the sum of the two constituents. 9. Mortar according to claim 8 wherein the ratio between geopolymer and olive pomace after drying and screening varies between 36/64 and 45/55 by weight with respect to the sum of the two constituents. 10. Process for the preparation of a mortar according to any one of the preceding claims comprising the following steps: a) Dry the olive pomace until it reaches a humidity value? residual less than 15% m/m, preferably less than 10% m/m measured according to the UNI EN 14774-2: 2010 standard; b) Sifting the dried pomace of phase a to obtain a granulometric curve where the pomace has a size of between 1 and 8 mm, preferably between 1 and 5 mm; c) Mix the reactive powders including metakaolin, type F fly ash, and steel mill recycled materials in a suitable container; d) Add the alkaline liquid and mix the amalgam for a suitable time; e) Add the olive pomace screened in phase b) possibly mixed with the appropriate additives and any additions to the amalgam of phase d); f) Mix the product obtained from phase e) for a suitable time. 11. Process for the preparation of a mortar according to claim 10 where the amalgam is mixed with a whip drill or with coated steel augers for a time between 5 and 15 minutes. 12. Process for the preparation of a mortar according to claim 11 wherein in step d) a quantity is added of water from 5 to 15% by weight with respect to the sum of the constituents. 13. Panel, preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing, produced with the mortar of claims from 1 to 9. 14. Panel, preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing, produced with the mortar of claims from 1 to 9 containing polystyrene as addition. 15. Panel, preferably heat insulating and/or sound absorbing, produced with the mortar of claims from 1 to 9 on which a geopolymer composite printed by 3D printing is made to adhere.