EP3288714A1 - Procede de modification de l'aspect d'une surface - Google Patents
Procede de modification de l'aspect d'une surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3288714A1 EP3288714A1 EP16720762.0A EP16720762A EP3288714A1 EP 3288714 A1 EP3288714 A1 EP 3288714A1 EP 16720762 A EP16720762 A EP 16720762A EP 3288714 A1 EP3288714 A1 EP 3288714A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- less
- notching
- μηι
- projected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 340
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001812 pycnometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001507 sample dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/06—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for producing matt surfaces, e.g. on plastic materials, on glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
- B24C7/0053—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
- B24C7/0061—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier of feed pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for modifying the appearance of a surface, in particular a method for reducing the brightness of said surface, in particular for aesthetic or decorative purposes.
- Sputtering a metal surface consists in projecting onto the surface particles, for example beads or grains, of metallic, ceramic or polymeric natures.
- shot peening An example of projection treatment, called “shot peening", is used to create surface pre-stresses to improve the mechanical properties and / or increase the life of the treated parts.
- the particles of a size generally greater than 200 ⁇ , preferably greater than 300 ⁇ , must be hard and strong and be sprayed at high speed, preferably by means of a shot blast machine.
- cleaning projection treatment is used to strip and / or clean the surface.
- the particles preferably abrasive grains (thus having sharp edges), of a size generally between 100 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , must be projected at a reduced speed.
- the particles are generally abrasive grains or fused beads. They must be projected at a lower speed than those used to create surface prestressing. Suction blast machines with pressures of less than 4 bar, preferably less than 3 bar, are preferably used.
- the particles used and the projection conditions are thus specific to each of the aforementioned treatments.
- the problems posed for a particular treatment, for example for prestressing shot blasting, and the solutions provided for them Therefore, the solution is not, a priori, extrapolatable to another treatment, for example to a cosmetic finishing treatment.
- a cosmetic finishing treatment using ceramic beads leads to shiny renderings, and can generate a deformation of said surface.
- An object of the invention is to respond, at least partially, to this need.
- this object is achieved by means of a method for modifying the appearance of a surface, comprising a step of projecting particles having a maximum size of less than or equal to 500 ⁇ , the particles having a density relative greater than 90%, more than 5% and less than 80% by volume of said particles called "projected particles” being hacking particles, the other particles being projected as “non-hacking particles”.
- a method according to the invention also has one or more of the following optional features:
- the set of projected particles has a maximum size of less than 400 ⁇ , preferably less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , or even less than 120 ⁇ ;
- the set of projected particles has a minimum size greater than 5 ⁇ , preferably greater than 10 ⁇ , preferably greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , or even greater than 30 ⁇ , or even greater than 40 ⁇ ;
- all the projected particles have a minimum size greater than 15 ⁇ and a maximum size of less than 60 ⁇ , or all the projected particles have a minimum size greater than 40 ⁇ and a maximum size less than 90 ⁇ , or all the projected particles have a minimum size greater than 55 ⁇ and a maximum size smaller than 120 ⁇ ;
- the set of projected particles has a median size less than 100 ⁇ , preferably less than 90 ⁇ , preferably less than 80 ⁇ , and / or greater than 30 ⁇ ;
- the whole of the projected particles contains more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, and / or preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, by volume, of notching particles; ;
- the average dimension of the notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and / or preferably less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ ;
- the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and / or preferably less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ ;
- the ratio of the mean dimension of the notching particles to the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 1/20, preferably greater than 1/15, preferably greater than 1/10, preferably greater than 1/5, preferably greater than 1/3 and / or less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10, preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2 preferably less than 1.5;
- the ratio of the median size of all the notching particles to the median size of all non-notching particles is greater than 1/20, preferably greater than 1/15, preferably greater than 1/10, of preferably greater than 1/5, preferably greater than 1/3 and / or less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10, preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2 , 5, preferably less than 2, preferably less than 1.5;
- All the notching particles have a mean square circularity less than 0.9, preferably less than 0.85 and / or greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 0.75;
- the set of non-notching particles has a mean square circularity greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.85, or even greater than 0.90, or even greater than 0.92, even greater than 0.94, or even greater than 0.95, or even greater than 0.96;
- More than 80%, more than 90%, more than 95%, or substantially 100% of the notching particles are faceted particles.
- the average number of facets of the faceted particles is greater than 3, preferably greater than 4 and less than 30, preferably less than 25, preferably less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10;
- the projected particles have a relative density greater than 92%, preferably greater than 94%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 96%, or even greater than 97%, or even greater than 98%;
- the apparent density of the projected particles is preferably greater than 2.5 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than 3.0 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than 3.3 g / cm 3 , preferably greater than 3 6 g / cm 3 ;
- the ratio of the density of all the notching particles and the density of all the non-notching projected particles is between 0.8 and 1.2, preferably between 0, 9 and 1, 1;
- the ratio of the density of all the notching particles and the density of all non-notching particles is less than 0.8, preferably less than 0.6, or greater than 1, 2, preferably greater than 1, 4;
- the total area of the notching particles is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 10%, preferably greater than 20%, preferably greater than 25%, preferably greater than 30%, and / or less than 90%, preferably less than 80%, preferably less than 75%, preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%;
- the projected particles are preferably a ceramic material, preferably selected from oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, oxycarbures, oxynitrides and mixtures thereof;
- the particles sprayed preferably consist of oxides for more than 50%, preferably for more than 70%, preferably for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, or even more than 99% of their mass;
- all the notching particles and the set of non-notching particles have substantially the same chemical analysis; In one embodiment, all the notching particles and the set of non-notching particles present a different chemical analysis;
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have an Al2O3 + ZrO ⁇ + S1O2 content of> 80%, preferably> 85%. %, preferably> 90%, preferably with SiO 2 ⁇ 20%, or even SiO 2 ⁇ 10%, as a weight percentage based on the oxides;
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have the following chemical composition, in weight percent based on the oxides:
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have the following chemical composition, in weight percent based on the oxides:
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have the following chemical composition, in weight percent based on the oxides:
- all the projected particles and / or all of the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have the following chemical composition, in weight percent based on the oxides:
- all the projected particles and / or all of the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles consist of more than 80%, preferably more than 90% of their mass. at least partially stabilized zirconia, preferably at least partially stabilized with yttrium oxide;
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-cutting particles are made up of more than 80%, preferably more than 90%, preferably for more than 95% of their mass of silicon carbide;
- all the projected particles and / or all of the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have the following chemical composition, in weight percent based on the oxides:
- the projected particles are sintered particles
- the projected particles are melted particles, that is to say obtained by fusion-solidification
- all the projected particles are a mixture of sintered particles and melted particles
- all the projected particles have a maximum size of less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , and contains more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, and / or preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, by volume, of etching particles, and
- the mean dimension of the notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150; ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ , and
- the mean dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ , and
- the ratio of the mean dimension of the notching particles to the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 1/20, preferably greater than 1/15, preferably greater than 1/10, preferably greater than 1/5, preferably greater than 1/3 and / or less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10, preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2, preferably less than 1.5;
- the set of projected particles has a maximum size of less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , and contains more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, and / or preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, by volume, of etching particles, and
- the mean dimension of the notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150; ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ , and the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ .
- the ratio of the mean dimension of the notching particles to the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 1/20, preferably greater than 1/15, preferably greater than 1/10, preferably greater than 1/5, preferably greater than 1/3 and / or less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10, preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2, preferably less than 1, 5, and
- the set of notching particles has a mean square circularity less than 0.9, preferably less than 0.85, preferably less than 0.8 and / or greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.7, and
- the set of non-notching particles has a mean square circularity greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.85, or even greater than 0.90, or even greater than 0.92, or even greater than 0.94, or even greater than 0.95, or even greater than 0.96, or even greater than 0.97;
- the set of projected particles has a maximum size of less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , and contains more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, and / or preferably less than 70%, preferably less than 60%, by volume, of etching particles, and
- the mean dimension of the notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150; ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ , and the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 15 ⁇ , preferably greater than 20 ⁇ , preferably greater than 30 ⁇ , preferably greater than 40 ⁇ and less than 300 ⁇ , preferably less than 200 ⁇ , preferably less than 150 ⁇ , preferably less than 120 ⁇ , and the ratio of the mean dimension of the notching particles to the average dimension of the non-notching particles is greater than 1/20, preferably greater than 1/15, preferably greater than 1/10, preferably greater than 1/5, preferably greater than 1/3 and / or less than 20, preferably less than 15, preferably less than 10, preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, preferably less than 2.5, preferably less than 2, preferably less than 1, 5, and
- the set of notching particles has a mean square circularity less than 0.9, preferably less than 0.85, preferably less than 0.8 and / or greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.65, preferably greater than 0.7, and
- the set of non-notching particles has a mean square circularity greater than 0.7, preferably greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.85, or even greater than 0.90, or even greater than 0.92, or even greater than 0.94, even greater than 0.95, or even greater than 0.96, or even greater than 0.97, and
- all the projected particles and / or all the notching particles and / or all the non-notching particles have an Al2O3 + ZrO ⁇ + S1O2 content> 80%, preferably> 85%, preferably> 90% %, preferably with SiO 2 ⁇ 20%, or even SiO 2 ⁇ 10%, as a weight percentage based on the oxide;
- the method comprises the following steps, preceding the projection of the particles projected on the surface to be treated:
- the particles are projected in a direction forming a projection angle with the surface, the projection angle, that is to say the angle between the surface to be treated and said direction (the jet axis of the projected particles) is preferably greater than 45 °, preferably greater than 50 °;
- the particles are projected by passing through a nozzle disposed at a distance, called the "projection distance", from the treated surface, said projection distance being preferably greater than 5 cm, preferably greater than 10 cm and / or preferably less than 30 cm, preferably less than 25 cm;
- the particles are projected onto the surface by being carried by a fluid, preferably air, the pressure of which is preferably greater than 0.5 bar, preferably greater than 1 bar and / or preferably less than 4 bar, preferably less than 3 bar;
- the particles are sprayed with a recovery rate preferably greater than 100%, preferably greater than 120%, even greater than 150% and / or preferably less than 300%, preferably less than 250%, preferably less than 200%. %
- the treated surface is made of a metallic material, preferably in the form of a metal or a metal alloy, preferably of stainless steel, aluminum or titanium, preferably free of coating, and in particular of paint;
- the notching particles are mixed with the other particles before being thrown;
- the surface is a surface of a product selected from the group consisting of a jewel, a watch, a bracelet, a necklace, a ring, a brooch, a tie pin, a handbag, a piece of furniture, a household utensil, a handle, a button, a veneer, a visible portion of consumer goods equipment, a spectacle frame part, a tableware item, a frame.
- Another object according to the invention consists of a product comprising a surface obtained by a process according to the invention. Preferably, said surface is exposed to the outside.
- the product according to the invention is chosen from the group formed by a jewel, a watch, a bracelet, a necklace, a ring, a brooch, a tie pin, a handbag, a piece of furniture, a household utensil , a handle, a button, a veneer, a visible part of a consumer goods equipment, a spectacle frame part, an article of crockery, a frame.
- a "notching" particle is a particle having a sharp edge protruding, so that, when projected according to a method according to the invention, said sharp edge creates a notch, that is to say a recess having a re-entrant ridge, for example in the form of a slit or "corner".
- a projecting edge belongs to a convex part of the particle.
- the corresponding re-entrant edge belongs to a concave part of the treated surface.
- a “faceted particle”, such as the particle 20 'shown in Figure 2, is a preferred example of a notching particle.
- a faceted particle has at least two facets and more than 90% of the surface is covered by facets, preferably substantially planar, preferably by less than 35 facets, preferably substantially planar, a facet being a surface defined by a sharp edge. .
- a facet may be flat or not.
- a "nutty" shape is an example of a two-sided shape.
- a faceted particle may in particular be "polyhedral”, that is to say be limited on all sides by flat polygons.
- a faceted particle may in particular be polyhedric "regular” if all its faces are regular polygons of the same type and if all its vertices are of the same degree.
- a regular polyhedron has a sphere tangent to each face at its center.
- a "cube” is an example of a regular polyhedron with 6 square faces.
- the "average number of facets of faceted particles” is the arithmetic average of the average number of facets of the faceted particles, the facets counted being the facets observable on a plate representing said faceted particles, for example on a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope , like Figure 2.
- a “non-hacking" particle such as the particle 10 'shown in FIG. 2, is a particle which is not “hacking", that is to say which has only a smooth surface, such as a ball.
- the volume of the notching particles is equal to the ratio of the mass of said notching particles to the apparent density of said notching particles. The percentage of this volume is measured in relation to the volume of all the particles projected.
- Recovery is the ratio of the impacted area, that is to say, modified by the impact of the projected particles, on the total area to which the particles are projected. It is expressed in percentages.
- the recovery rate is the ratio of the treatment time and the treatment time to obtain a recovery equal to 98%.
- a recovery rate equal to 200% expresses the fact that the duration of treatment is equal to twice that required to achieve a recovery greater than or equal to 98%.
- the brightness "L” expresses the intensity of the color of the surface.
- L corresponds to a gray level, especially when the surface is made of a metallic aluminum material.
- the brightness L of the surface can be measured according to the standard ASTM E308-01 "standard practice for Computing the colors of objects by using CIE System".
- Characteristic L is a characteristic of the well known Lab system.
- Color values including brightness (L) can be measured with a MiniScan XE Plus from the HunterLab brand.
- a "darkening" of a surface is a reduction of at least 5% of the value of the brightness L of said surface.
- the decrease in brightness is equal to (initial brightness - final brightness) / initial brightness, expressed in percentages.
- gloss expresses the diffuse or specular reflection of light. Unless otherwise indicated, gloss is measured at an angle of 60 °.
- a “decrease” in the gloss of a surface is called a reduction of at least 5% of the gloss G value of said surface.
- the decrease in gloss is equal to (initial gloss - gloss final) / initial gloss, expressed in percentages.
- Almen intensity is meant, according to standard NF L06-832, the value of the arrow (that is to say the height of arc) obtained at time t s on the saturation curve, the saturation curve obtained by measuring the variation of the Almen arrow as a function of the exposure time at parameters and shot blasting conditions constant, the saturation time t s being the first time t such that at the time 2t the variation of the arrow is less than or equal to 10% of the arrow at time t, making sure that the covering is complete and homogeneous on the entire surface of the Almen test tube. It is expressed in hundredths of a millimeter.
- particle size is meant the size of a particle conventionally given by a particle size distribution characterization performed with a laser granulometer.
- the laser granulometer used can be a Partica LA-950 from the company HORIBA.
- a “set of particles”, denoted D 5 o, is the “median size”, the size dividing the particles of this set into a first and a second population equal in volume, these first and second populations comprising only particles having a size greater than or equal to, or less than, said median size, respectively.
- the “maximum size" of a set of particles is the particle size corresponding to the percentage equal to 99.5%, by volume, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of all the particles. said particle sizes being ranked in ascending order. According to this definition, 99.5% by volume of the particles and have a size less than D 9 9, 5 and 0.5% of the particles by volume have a size greater than or equal to D 99, 5.
- a “minimum size” of a set of particles is the particle size corresponding to the percentage equal to 0.5%, by volume, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the set of particles. said particle sizes being ranked in ascending order.
- the median size, the minimum size and the maximum size can be measured by laser granulometry.
- ceramic material Classically referred to as “ceramic material” is a material which is neither metallic nor organic.
- the “diameter of a particle” is the diameter corresponding to the circle having the same area as said particle measured on a plate obtained by means of a scanning electron microscope. This dimension can be determined using image processing software.
- the “mean dimension” of a set of particles is the arithmetic mean of the dimensions of said particles.
- bulk density of a particle is conventionally meant the ratio equal to the mass of the particle divided by the apparent volume that it occupies.
- the bulk density is measured on a set of particles. It can be measured by imbibition, according to the principle of buoyancy.
- Absolute density of a particle means the ratio equal to the mass of dry matter of the particle after grinding to a fineness such that substantially no closed porosity remains, divided by the volume of said mass of dry matter after grinding. It can be measured by helium pycnometry.
- the "relative density of a particle” corresponds to the ratio equal to the bulk density of said particle divided by the absolute density of said particle, expressed as a percentage.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show photos of the projected particles (a) used in the process of Comparative Example 1 and the projected particles (c) used in the process of Example 3 according to the invention, respectively, and
- FIGS. 3 and 4 represent photos of surfaces treated in a process conventionally using spherical beads according to Comparative Example 1 and according to the method of Example 3 according to the invention, respectively.
- the surface to be treated can undergo before pretreatment treatment, a pretreatment, for example a polishing so that the surface to be treated has a roughness Ra less than or equal to 1 ⁇ , preferably less than or equal to 0.8 ⁇ , of preferably less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ , preferably less than or equal to 0.3 ⁇ , preferably less than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ .
- the polishing may be for example of the mirror type.
- the surface on which the particles are projected does not have a coating.
- only particles having a maximum size of less than or equal to 500 ⁇ and a relative density greater than 90% are projected to change the appearance of the surface to be treated, more than 5% and less than 80% in volume of said projected particles being hacking particles.
- the volume amount of notching particles in all the projected particles is substantially constant, regardless of the time considered.
- the variation of the volume amount of notching particles in all the projected particles, measured between the beginning and the end of the treatment is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. based on said amount at the beginning of the treatment.
- the sharp edges of the notching particles implemented in a process according to the invention are likely to result from larger particle origin fractures. In one embodiment, they result from such breaks.
- the notching particles can be obtained by grinding larger particles, for example beads, for example by grinding using a roller mill.
- the notching particles have at least one substantially flat face.
- the substantially flat surfaces cover more than 70%, more than 80%, more than 90%, or even substantially 100% of the surface of the notching particles.
- the non-slotting particles may be prepared by any technique known to those skilled in the art to obtain non-slitting particles, in particular beads, for example by spraying, by breaking-in, by granulation or by a method of gelation of droplets. 'a suspension.
- all the notching particles and the set of non-notching particles have substantially the same chemical analysis.
- the content of a constituent in a first set is greater than 10%, it preferably differs from less than 6%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, as an absolute percentage of the corresponding content in the second said together.
- the content of a component in a first set is greater than 0.5% and less than or equal to 10%, it preferably differs from less than 40%, preferably less than 30%, preferably from less than 20% of the corresponding content in the second said together.
- the method comprises the following steps, preceding the projection of the particles on the surface to be treated:
- the powder of notching particles may be prepared by any technique known to those skilled in the art to obtain notching particles, for example by grinding, preferably using a roller mill.
- the mixture of the powder of notching particles and the powder of non-notching particles may be carried out according to any technique known to those skilled in the art, for example using a mixer.
- Notching particles and non-notching particles are preferably mixed in an amount such that the volume of the notching particles is more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30% and less 80%, preferably less than 70%, more preferably less than 60% of the volume of the mixture.
- a compressed air shot blasting machine preferably with pressure, and preferably with a venturi effect, is preferably used.
- the blasting nozzle of the shot blasting machine preferably has a diameter greater than 6 mm, preferably greater than 7 mm, and / or less than 10 mm, preferably less than 9 mm, preferably approximately 8 mm.
- a method according to the invention makes it possible to conserve, or even reduce, the Almen intensity, or "blasting intensity", that is to say the energy deposited on the treated surface.
- this result makes it possible to limit the risks of deformation of the surface.
- a method according to the invention may in particular be used to reduce the gloss of a surface. For this purpose, from a first test, it is possible:
- the gloss of a metal surface, in particular aluminum can thus be reduced by more than 10%, or even more than 30% or even more than 70%, without increasing the Almen intensity of said surface, or even in the decreasing.
- a method according to the invention may in particular be implemented to reduce the brightness L of a surface. For this purpose, from a first test, it is possible:
- the luminosity L of a metal surface, in particular aluminum, can be reduced by more than 10%, or even more than 20%, or even more than 30%.
- the surface obtained preferably having an area greater than 1 mm 2 , at 1 cm 2 , at 10 cm 2 , is covered, for more than 80%, preferably for more than 90%, preferably for 100%, cavities , more than 90% by number of said cavities having a size of less than 300 ⁇ and being a mixture of cavities in the form of flakes and cavities in the form of notches.
- the cavities in the form of a notch are mainly created by the impact of the notching particles projected on the surface, whereas the cavities in the form of flakes are mainly created by the impact of non-notching particles.
- Powder of notching particles used in the set of particles (e) of Example 5 a silicon carbide grain powder SIKA ® ABR F150, marketed by Saint-Gobain, screened so as to recover the portion passing through the sieve at square meshes of apertures equal to 125 ⁇ and not passing through a square-mesh screen of opening equal to 45 ⁇ , and having after sieving the following characteristics: - chemical analysis: SiC> 99% by mass,
- alumina-zirconia abrasive grain powder having the following characteristics:
- the notching particles were then mixed, in the volume percentages shown in Table 1, with the particles (a) of Comparative Example 1 to obtain the sets of particles (b) to (f) of Examples 2 to 6 according to US Pat. invention, respectively.
- the characteristics of the sets of particles (a) to (f) of Examples 1 to 6, respectively, are shown in Table 1.
- the sets of particles (a) to (f) were then used to treat the surface of an aluminum plate 6063, having, before treatment, the following characteristics:
- Example 7 consists of a first projection of a powder of particles (a) of Comparative Example 1 followed by a second projection of a powder of notching particles (g), the characteristics of which are shown in Table 1. The projections are therefore sequential.
- the first projection was made by projecting on the surface the particle powder (a) of Comparative Example 1 using a DUP shot blast machine, with the following parameters:
- the second projection was carried out, by projecting on the surface obtained after the first projection, the powder of notching particles (g) using a shot blast machine DUP, under the following conditions:
- the gloss G is measured using a Konica Minolta MULTI GLOSS 268Plus with an angle of 60 °.
- the brightness L is measured with a Hunterlab Mini XE Plus Scanner, according to ASTM E308-01 Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects using CIE System.
- each set of particles (a) to (g) is estimated using the following test: 100 g of particles are projected by means of said shot blasting machine on a stainless steel surface for 5 minutes, with a 90 ° projection angle to the surface, a projection distance equal to 10 cm, a pressure equal to 2 bar and a nozzle diameter equal to 8 mm.
- the mass Mi of the particles passing through the meshes of a sieve of 45 ⁇ is determined.
- the threshold of 45 ⁇ is well suited to highlight enrichment in fine particles for the sets of particles tested.
- the particles to be tested then undergo a recirculation for 5 min and are thus projected several times on the surface.
- the mass M 2 of the particles passing through the cells of a sieve of 45 ⁇ is determined.
- the difference between the masses Mi and M 2 corresponds to the quantity of fine particles created during the test.
- This amount of fine particles generated, or "scrap rate" is expressed as a percentage of the mass of particles before the test. The higher the scrap rate, the lower the impact resistance of the particles.
- a scrap rate greater than 25% leads to accelerated wear of the shot blast machine.
- the scrap rate is less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, preferably less than 10%.
- the Almen intensity is determined according to standard NF L06-832 (conventional shot peening intended for the compressive stress stressing of metal parts), on an N-type test specimen, on a DUP suction shot blast machine, with an equal recovery rate. 100%, with a projection angle of 85 ° to the surface, a projection distance of 15 cm, a pressure of 2 bar and a nozzle diameter of 8 mm.
- sample dispersion unit 1 1 mm 3 of a sample of particles is poured into the dispersion unit ("sample dispersion unit") provided for this purpose of a Morphologi® G3S device marketed by Malvern.
- the dispersion of the sample on the glass plate is carried out using a pressure of 4 bar (“pressure") applied for 10 ms ("setting time"), the unit of dispersion remaining on the glass plate ("setting time”) for 60 seconds.
- pressure 4 bar
- setting time the unit of dispersion remaining on the glass plate
- the chosen magnification is defined so as to be able to observe between 25 and 50 particles on the glass plate, in a region located in the center of the disk of dispersed particles, so as to favor the observation of unit particles, that is to say say not contiguous to other particles.
- An image analysis of the photographic images taken is then carried out in a sufficient number so as to count a total number of particles greater than 250.
- the apparatus provides an evaluation of the circularity squared ("HS Circularity"), area (“Area”) and size ("CE diameter”) of the counted particles, said particles being counted in number.
- the average rounded circularities, total areas, and average sizes of the particle sets can then be calculated.
- the notching particles were faceted particles.
- the number of facets of the notching particles is evaluated by the following method: Particle photos are made using a scanning electron microscope, so as to have between 15 and 30 notch particles fully visible by cliche. Snapshots are made in order to account for at least 200 nicking particles. The number of visible facets of each notching particle is determined. The average number of facets of the notching particles is the arithmetic mean of the number of facets of each notching particle.
- the chemical analyzes were performed by X-ray fluorescence with respect to constituents with a content greater than 0.5%.
- the content of the constituents present in a content of less than 0.5% was determined by AES-ICP ("Atomic Emission Spectoscopy-Inductively Coupled Plasma").
- the size of the particles, as well as the median size and the maximum size of a set of particles, were determined using a Partica LA-950 laser particle size analyzer from the company HORIBA.
- Comparative Example 1 leads to a darkening and a reduction of the gloss, that is to say a dark and dull rendering.
- Example 2 In comparison with Example 1, Example 2 according to the invention leads to a reduction in gloss as well as a reduction in brightness, with a low scrap rate and a reduction in intensity Almen.
- the yield (high powder consumption) and the productivity (frequent stops of the shot blast machine to renew the powder) are therefore low.
- Example 3 leads to a reduction in gloss as well as a reduction in luminosity and intensity Almen, with a mean scrap rate, without accelerated wear of the shot blasting.
- Example 4 leads to a reduction in gloss as well as a reduction in luminosity and intensity Almen, with an acceptable scrap rate and without accelerated wear of the shot blasting.
- Example 5 according to the invention leads to a reduction of the gloss as well as a reduction of the Almen intensity, with an average scrap rate, without accelerated wear of the shot blast machine.
- Example 5 according to the invention illustrates the possibility of using notching particles which are not in the form of oxide (s), such as particles of silicon carbide.
- Example 6 outside the invention shows that the compromise sought is not achieved with a mixture having 85% by volume of notching particles: the scrap rate is too high, which induces an accelerated wear of the shot blast machine.
- Example 7 outside the invention shows that a first projection of the bead powder (a) followed by a second projection of the powder of notching particles (g) does not achieve the compromise sought: if the gloss is well reduced, the Almen intensity and the rejection rate obtained after the second projection are too high. It is therefore important to project a set of notching particles and non-cutting particles.
- a visual examination of the surface obtained after the treatment of example 3 according to the invention shows that it is covered with cavities 10 in the form of flakes corresponding to the impression resulting from the projection of beads (non-notching particles) and notches 20 corresponding to the imprint resulting from the projection of the notching particles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1553940A FR3035607B1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | Procede de modification de l'aspect d'une surface |
| PCT/EP2016/058999 WO2016173938A1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-04-22 | Procede de modification de l'aspect d'une surface |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3288714A1 true EP3288714A1 (fr) | 2018-03-07 |
| EP3288714B1 EP3288714B1 (fr) | 2019-06-19 |
Family
ID=53404782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16720762.0A Active EP3288714B1 (fr) | 2015-04-30 | 2016-04-22 | Procede de modification de l'aspect d'une surface |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10562152B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3288714B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2018520891A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20180029959A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN106086864B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3035607B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016173938A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108515462B (zh) * | 2018-03-02 | 2020-08-25 | 信利光电股份有限公司 | 一种具有渐变效果的磨砂玻璃盖板的制备方法 |
| FR3084076B1 (fr) * | 2018-07-20 | 2022-05-13 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede de grenaillage |
| JP2022046951A (ja) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-24 | 株式会社三陽製作所 | 反射防止処理装置、及び当該装置を用いた3次元測定方法 |
| IT202100025808A1 (it) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-08 | Gotha Cosmetics S R L | Processo per produrre cosmetici con effetti speciali superficiali e cosmetici così prodotti |
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| CN103045830B (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-01-07 | 西安交通大学 | 一种提高高铬奥氏体钢抗高温蒸汽氧化的表面喷丸工艺 |
| CN103521413A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 番禺珠江钢管(连云港)有限公司 | 钢管在线喷涂防腐层工艺 |
| CN103522201B (zh) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-09-30 | 山东开泰工业科技有限公司 | 一种发动机叶片抛丸强化装置及强化方法 |
| CN104084894A (zh) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-08 | 江苏大明精密钣金有限公司 | 一种混合喷砂工艺 |
-
2015
- 2015-04-30 FR FR1553940A patent/FR3035607B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-07-30 CN CN201510461376.7A patent/CN106086864B/zh active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-22 KR KR1020177034529A patent/KR20180029959A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-22 WO PCT/EP2016/058999 patent/WO2016173938A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-22 CN CN201680025934.8A patent/CN107635721A/zh active Pending
- 2016-04-22 JP JP2017556527A patent/JP2018520891A/ja active Pending
- 2016-04-22 US US15/570,443 patent/US10562152B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-04-22 EP EP16720762.0A patent/EP3288714B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016173938A1 (fr) | 2016-11-03 |
| JP2018520891A (ja) | 2018-08-02 |
| FR3035607A1 (fr) | 2016-11-04 |
| KR20180029959A (ko) | 2018-03-21 |
| EP3288714B1 (fr) | 2019-06-19 |
| US10562152B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
| CN107635721A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
| FR3035607B1 (fr) | 2017-04-28 |
| US20180154500A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
| CN106086864A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| CN106086864B (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
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